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Period 4 - 1450 to 1750 Practice Qs 1. This unit is called GLOBAL INTERACTIONS and even tho. lots of previous actions, everything is accelerated with European exploration and the integration of the AMERICAS into global trade. Although other EMPIRES - Ottoman, Manchu, Mughal and Tokugawa are important - it is the Europeans who will dominant most interactions, migrate in large numbers and cause most reactions (i.e., Tokugawa Chinese isolation) 2. The Catholic nation of France joined the Thirty Years' War on the side of the Protestants, indicating that A) French Catholics and Protestants existed nearly in equilibrium. B) the religious divisions between Catholics and Protestants were not significant. C) it was the Protestants who wielded political power in France. D) the war had become more about secular and political interests. 3. The religious wars following the Protestant Reformation climaxed with the A) B) C) D) Dutch War of Independence. Thirty Years' War. defeat of the Spanish Armada. Catholic-Huguenot split in France. APWH 2016 5. The political ideas of the Enlightenment, directly or indirectly, effected I. The American Revolution II. The French Revolution III. Reforms under absolute monarchs A) I and III only C) I and II only B) I, II and III D) I only 6. What was an important difference between the outlooks of Western Europe and China during the eighteenth century? A) Europeans thought that religion was a dying institution, while the Chinese experienced a spiritual revival. B) The Chinese better recognized the importance of new technology in advancing a society than the Europeans. C) The Chinese were constantly modernizing ancient texts, while Europe remained in awe of the past. D) Europeans were embracing a variety of new ideas, while the Chinese stuck with traditional norms. 7. Base your answer to the following question on on the list of pairs of individuals below. 4. The Society of Jesus, better known as the Jesuits, was founded by [these are the folks who get booted from East Asia - but also est. colleges like Georgetown Fordham] A) Lutherans in order to defend Protestants from political suppression by the papacy. B) Catholics in order to strengthen Catholicism through conversion and education. C) Lutherans in order to disseminate knowledge of Martin Luther's 95 Theses. D) Catholics in order to track down and silence critics of the Catholic Church. The major difference between the beliefs of Louis XIV and those of Baron de Montesquieu was A) Montesquieu believed that governmental power should be divided among different branches. B) Montesquieu believed a country needs an official language and religion to maintain unity. C) Louis XIV opposed taxing the peasant classes. D) Louis XIV believed a centralized bureaucracy was necessary to administer effectively. 8. According to the Social Contract, A) the citizens of a state must sign a document before their government can come into power. B) citizens have the unalienable right to revolt against a government contrary to their politics. C) those who are unhappy with the outcome of a fair election are not entitled to protest. D) a government that does not meet the needs of the people is not a a good government. 9. Many Enlightenment thinkers shared a common belief in A) B) C) D) order and logic. predestination of souls. representative democracy. the supremacy of classical thought. 10. The influence of neoconfucianism was apparent in the Ming Dynasty's I. Civil service examinations II. Extensive gentrifiction III. Failure to industrialize A) II only C) I only B) I and III only D) I, II and III 11. The collapse of the Byzantine Empire resulted in A) the end of the Catholic Church's policy of selling indulgences to alleviate time in purgatory. B) Roman Catholicism becoming the only major Christian sect on the Mediterranean. C) the reunification of the Eastern and Western churches after a split of several hundred years. D) Protestantism and Roman Catholicism expanding into Eastern Europe. 12. Which of the following MOST explains the increased urbanization of Europe during the period 1450 to 1650? A) An increase in the efficiency of agricultural production B) An increase in the number of immigrants to the Americas C) The end of the trade isolation of China and Japan D) The emergence of a merchant class middle class 13. Although most of the world's largest cities during 1550 to 1750 were located in East Asia, which of the following areas was experiencing rapid urbanization? A) Western Europe B) South Asia C) North America D) The Middle East 14. Which of the following are both associated with Tokugawa Japan and medieval Europe? A) B) C) D) Isolation from other cultures The advent of religious tolerance The use of castle architecture Exploration of distant areas 15. What was an important change for the samurai class during the Tokugawa shogunate? A) Samurai were no longer permitted to wear two swords. B) Samurai were encouraged to become farmers. C) Samurai were encouraged to become merchants. D) Samurai were required to live in castle towns. Base your answers to questions 16 and 17 on the following chart. 20. Why were more slaves sent to the West Indies as a part of the Atlantic slave trade than any other area? A) Slaves in the West Indies were more likely to escape back to Africa. B) Slaves in the West Indies were more likely to buy back their freedom. C) The West Indies had the largest population of Europeans in the New World. D) Slaves in the West Indies had a high mortality rate. 21. Base your answer to the following question on the statements below. 16. Before 1500, the primary destination for most of the slaves taken from Africa was A) Central Asia. B) North America. C) the Middle East. D) East Asia. 17. What agricultural product was most responsible for the trend illustrated by the above chart? A) Sugar C) Tobacco B) Cotton D) Petroleum 18. Which of the following groups dominated the transatlantic slave trade during the sixteenth century? A) Great Britain C) The Netherlands B) Portugal D) Spain 19. The nations in West Africa that were initially able to resist European domination were those that A) B) C) D) developed gunpowder weapons. controlled the Saharan salt trade. participated in the slave trade. practiced Coptic Christianity. The African: Our tribe would have been better off if we had never heard of Europeans. We had a society that met all of our social and economic needs. People respected one another and the chief was the recognized leader. Now we are confused. We have one foot in our own world, and one foot in a world we do not understand. The European: We have given you the best we have. In less than 100 years we have taken you from a state of savagery and introduced you from your own primitive tribal system to the knowledge of the world's most advanced democracies. We have brought you the best you could possibly ask for --our own culture. Which of the following would the African cite as evidence for how traditional African societies were self-sufficient? A) The kingdoms of Ghana and Mali during the trans-Saharan trade B) The stateless societies of Sub-Saharan Africa C) Egypt during the Greco-Roman period D) The growth of the Swahili city-states 22. European colonies in the Caribbean were based primarily on the production of A) tobacco. C) cotton. B) manioc. D) sugarcane. 23. The first European explorers to engage in trade with the Mughal Empire were from A) France. C) Portugal. B) England. D) Spain. 24. Which of the following is an example of a trading route NOT heavily affected by European influence in the seventeenth century? A) B) C) D) The trans-Saharan caravan The Southeast Asia trade The East African trade The South America trade 25. Which of the following was a result of global exploration by Europeans? A) An increase in the number of Europeans who adhered to Islam B) The establishment of a puppet government in Manchuria C) A shift in population from Southern Europe to Northern Europe D) The shift in trading power from the Mediterranean to the European Atlantic coast 26. Before the arrival of the Portuguese on the East Coast of Africa, A) the primary languages spoken in East Africa were Zulu and Arabic. B) East African culture was a mixture of African and Arab customs. C) the East African slave trade was nonexistent. D) Spain was the only European power with a base in Africa. 27. The discovery of silver mines in the Americas allowed European traders to do which of the following? A) Pay off their large debts to European kings B) Discover a cure for the Bubonic Plague C) Export manufactured goods from Latin America D) Actively engage in trade with the Far East 28. What was an unintended consequence of the Atlantic African slave trade? A) The merging of African elements into the culture of the Americas B) The collapse of the Austrian Habsburg dynasty C) The rise of the Kongo and Asante (Ashanti) Kingdoms to power D) The collapse of the plantation sugar economy in the Caribbean 29. Which of the following contributed the most to the instigation of the European Renaissance? A) The Papal Bull of the Council of Trent B) The writings of Leonardo da Vinci C) Martin Luther's posting of the Ninety-Five Theses D) European trade with the civilizations of the Middle East 30. How did the Byzantine Empire indirectly aid the European Renaissance? A) The Byzantines ended the threat of the Ottoman Empire conquering Europe at Lepanto. B) The Byzantines preserved many classical texts that were "rediscovered" by Renaissance scholars. C) The Byzantines were major patrons of Renaissance artists and scholars. D) The Byzantines abandoned Italy, leaving its people free from oppression. 31. Which of the following correctly orders the flow of papermaking technology? A) B) C) D) Japan to China to Arab traders to Europe Europe to Arab traders to China to Japan China to Arab traders to Europe Arab traders to China and Europe (simultaneously) 32. What was significant about the Seven Years' War? A) It marked the end of the French's hope to build a colonial empire. B) It is considered by many to be the first "World War." C) Debts incurred in the war lead to revolts in both France 13 Colonies D) It was the first major war between an Asian and European nation. 33. Zheng He was A) the last Emperor of the Ming dynasty. B) a Chinese navigator who led trade expeditions all the way to East Africa. C) the first Chinese person to receive a Western collegiate education. D) the Manchu general who overthrew the Ming dynasty. 34. Caravels were A) Qing dynasty ships that transported goods along the Grand Canal. B) Ming dynasty ships that dominated the Indian Ocean trade. C) astronomical instruments brought to Europe by Arab traders from China. D) European ships used to explore the world in the fifteenth century. 35. Between 1450 and 1750, European traders tended to establish enclaves rather than full-fledged colonies in which of the following pairs of countries? [WHY?] A) B) C) D) Indonesia and Brazil India and China China and Indonesia Indonesia and India 36. What was the most profound environmental effect of the colonization of the New World by Europeans in the sixteenth century? A) The introduction of foreign flora and fauna to Europe and the Americas B) The widespread destruction of European coastlines as a result of port building C) Poisoned rivers throughout the Andes as a result of strip mining D) Massive deforestation of tropical rain forests 37. Which of the following continents did NOT experience a large demographic change in population and ethnic groups between 1450 and 1750? A) South America C) Europe B) Asia D) Africa 38. Joint-stock companies worked by A) pooling the resources of many merchants and spreading profits among the investors. B) combining various industries into one single, private company. C) guaranteeing shareholders a minimum return on their investments. D) owning shares of other companies, rather than producing something themselves. 39. Which of the following is true of colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? A) Spanish and Portuguese colonies were granted a greater degree of autonomy than British and Dutch colonies. B) Dutch and English colonies were located exclusively in the New World, while Portuguese and Spanish colonies were also located in Asia. C) Dutch and English colonies were dominated by private companies, while Portuguese and Spanish colonies were under government control. D) Spanish and Portuguese colonies were dependent on slave labor, while slavery was illegal in Dutch and British colonies. 40. The primary competitors to the dominance of Spain and Portugal in foreign trade during the seventeenth century were A) B) C) D) the Venetian Republic and the Netherlands. Indian traders and France. Arab traders and the Netherlands. the Netherlands and Great Britain. 41. Which of the following events was at least partially responsible for European disinterest in the Middle East during the Age of Exploration? [key question from Thursday review!] I. European defeat in the Crusades II. Vasco da Gama's voyage around Africa III. Tokugawa Japan's negativity toward the West A) III only C) II and III only B) I and III only D) I and II only 42. Europeans were interested in colonizing tropical areas mostly because A) they could amass large amounts of wealth from products like sugar and pepper. B) these regions provide excellent locations for the fishing industry. C) these regions were centrally located. D) they wanted to assert their dominance throughout the world. 43. The Protestant Reformation and the Scientific Revolution were similar in that both A) were immediate causes of the Industrial Revolution. B) were indirectly caused by the fall of the Byzantine Empire. C) challenged doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church. D) were inspired by the writings of Middle Eastern scholars. 44. Which of the following was NOT a reason that Tokugawa Japan developed a new popular culture while traditional Confucian values continued to dominate in Ming China? [TRICKY Q - it is asking before Meiji Industrialization!] A) Japan's opening of trade with the United States B) The isolation of the samurai in castle towns C) The rising population of merchants in Japan D) The rapid growth of cities in Japan 45. The "genre" style of art is best represented by A) B) C) D) pottery from Qing China. the paintings of Eugene Delacroix. woodblock prints from Tokugawa Japan. the art of West African tribes. 46. Which of the following most contributed to the collapse of the Mughal Empire? A) A ten year long drought that was blamed on the Mughal emperor B) A decline in the exportation of cotton to Great Britain C) The Mughal's policy of religious tolerance D) The rising power of European imperialism 47. Which of the following best describes the export economy of the Qing Dynasty during the 18th century? A) It was nonexistent, as China remained closed to all foreign trade. B) All foreign trade was conducted by the Dutch or the English. C) Combined with a small import economy, it resulted in a large trade surplus. D) China's three major exports were gunpowder, spices, and timber. 48. Which of the following regions was most successful at resisting foreign infiltration and economic exploitation between 1500 and 1800? A) India C) South Africa B) Latin America D) China 49. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the technological and scientific knowledge of the Ottoman Empire and Europe from 1500 to 1750? [this Q mixes everyone up . . . go slow . . . its about timelines] A) European and Ottoman technological and scientific advances from 1500 to 1750 were roughly equal. B) The Ottoman Sultan invested heavily in scientific research from 1500 to 1750 while European kings did not. C) Europe held a huge advantage in technology and science in 1500, which the Ottomans gradually erased by 1750. D) The Ottomans' significant advantage in science and technology in 1500 was reversed in 1750 by the Europeans. 50. What best describes the role of Christianity in China between 1450 and 1750? A) A small number of people converted to Christianity. B) There was widespread conversion to Christianity in the area around Shanghai. C) Most of the Muslims living in China converted to Christianity. D) Most of the Jews living in China converted to Christianity. 51. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, Japan's trade with the outside world was largely limited to a Dutch enclave in the city of A) Nagoya. C) Kyoto. B) Edo. D) Nagasaki. 52. Which of the following statements about the Qing Dynasty is true? A) It was ruled by people who were not ethnically Chinese. B) It was the longest reigning Chinese dynasty. C) It encouraged cultural diffusion during the seventeenth century. D) It replaced the Mongol Empire. 53. Emperor Kangxi was responsible for A) B) C) D) centralizing Qing China. defeating the Ming Dynasty. cutting off imports from Europe. abolishing civil service exams. 54. Ottoman sultans legitimized their power by A) asserting religious authority. B) claiming they were descendants of the Mongols. C) converting non-Muslims to Islam. D) abolishing the janissary corps. 55. The rulers of the Mughal Empire originally came to India from which of the following areas? A) B) C) D) Middle East (modern day Saudi Arabia) Central Asia (modern day Afghanistan) Southeast Asia (modern day Myanmar) Eastern Europe (modern day Poland) 56. Which of the following best describes the government of the Ottoman Empire? A) B) C) D) A constitutional monarchy A plutocratic aristocracy An elected sultanate A dynastic sultanate 57. Which of the following best describes the relationship between Ming China and its surrounding states? A) Most smaller states surrounding China were vassals and paid the Empire an annual tribute. B) Little to no trade was carried out between China and its surrounding states. C) The primary export of the nations surrounding Ming China to the Empire was opium. D) The governments of most of the states surrounding Ming China were based on Confucian principles. 58. Which of the following products/resources was NOT brought to China during the Qing dynasty? [Geography Q . . . ] A) B) C) D) Peanuts from Africa Tea from India Sweet Potatoes from the Americas Silver from European trading partners 59. Which of the following is a similar reform of both the Qing dynasty and the Tokugawa shogunate? [it is also true of almost EVERY major dynasty, empire, monarchy] A) Both attempted to increase the amount of trade conducted by their respective countries with Westerners. B) Both were very ineffective at putting down the rebellions of peasants and regional governors. C) Both, as ethnic groups distinct from their subject populations, imposed their own culture on the native peoples. D) Both centralized and expanded the power of the national government. 60. Which of the following did NOT contribute to the collapse of the Ming Dynasty in China? A) China's long borders were difficult to defend and vulnerable to attack from surrounding civilizations. B) The influx of silver from Spanish traders resulted in widespread inflation and economic chaos. C) Late Ming rulers allowed the government to be decentralized, weakening the Emperor's powers. D) Increasing agricultural yields led to the collapse of the grain market in China and widespread famine. 61. Which of the following best describes China and Japan between 1350 and 1550? A) Both China and Japan experienced "Golden Ages" characterized by achievement in the arts and economic prosperity. B) China began extensive trade with Western nations, while Japan remained closed to foreign trade. C) China was torn apart by civil war, while Japan experienced a resurgence under the Tokugawa Shogunate. D) China was unified under the Ming Dynasty, while Japan experienced a series of civil wars. 62. Why has it traditionally been difficult to keep the Indian subcontinent unified under one power for an extended period of time? A) There was never a powerful empire present on the Indian subcontinent. B) For centuries, China dominated the northern third of the subcontinent. C) Hinduism rejects the idea of an all powerful state. D) The subcontinent is a diverse mix of ethnicities and religions. 63. A difficulty facing the rulers of the Mughal Empire was that A) they did not practice a religion indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. B) they refused to recognize the rights of their subjects to practice religion freely. C) they were descendants of a matrilineal society in an area of the world dominated by men. D) they were trying to impose a central state in a nation with a tradition of decentralization. 64. The Mughal Empire replaced which of the following as the primary force on the Indian subcontinent? [timelines!!] A) B) C) D) The Aryan Empire {1800 BCE] The Delhi Sultanate [1000 CE] The Mongol Empire [1200s CE] The Mauryan Empire [300 BCE] 65. I. Expulsion of the Mongols II. Rise of Neo-Confucianism III. Development of a large Chinese navy The above events all occurred during the A) Han Dynasty. C) Yuan Dynasty. B) Qing Dynasty. D) Ming Dynasty. 66. A difference between the feudal systems of Japan and Western Europe was that A) Western European systems were based on a single religion rather than multiple faiths. B) the Japanese system did not have a separate class of warriors or knights. C) the Japanese system was much less centralized than the Western European systems. D) Western European systems were much more dependent on peasants than the Japanese system. 67. What was the primary purpose of the Spanish conquest of South America? A) To end the Portuguese monopoly on the Asia trade B) To convert the native peoples to Roman Catholicism C) To acquire natural resources and wealth for Spain D) To force the Pope to agree to the Treaty of Tordesillas 68. A major difference between the Spanish conquest of South America and the Muslim conquest of North Africa was that A) the Spanish nearly completely destroyed their subject civilizations, while the Muslims assimilated their culture to their subject peoples. B) the Muslims were not concerned with religious conversion of their subject civilizations, while the Spanish demanded universal conversion. C) the Muslims nearly completely destroyed their subject civilizations, while the Spanish assimilated their culture to their subject peoples. D) the Spanish were not concerned with religious conversion of their subjects, while the Muslims demanded universal conversion. 69. The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs and the Inca were similar in that A) the Spanish never gain controlled over either tribe. B) both societies thought that their conqueror was a god. C) they were conquered by Spanish mercenaries. D) Old World diseases played an important in defeating the native peoples. 70. What was a major reason that the Spanish were successful in getting many native tribes of South America to aid in their conquest of the Aztecs? A) The tribes were embittered towards the Aztecs as a result of their policies of using subject peoples for human sacrifice. B) The tribes were convinced that the leader of the Spanish was a god, and immediately broke their alliance with the Aztecs. C) The tribes were threatened with enslavement by the Spanish if they did not aid in the conquest of the Aztecs. D) The tribes were decimated by disease and the few remaining survivors had no choice but to join the Spanish. 71. The term "encomienda" describes A) the establishment of Catholic missions by Spanish priests in the Southwest United States. B) full-blooded Spaniards who, unlike Creoles, were born and raised in Spain itself. C) independent communities established by slaves who escaped from colonial European rule. D) a system in which Spanish conquistadores were granted both land and native laborers. 72. Which of the following classes of the Spanish New World colonial social structure is correctly matched with its description? A) Creoles -- Persons of Spanish birth who moved to the New World B) Mestizos -- Persons of mixed Spanish and Native South American descent C) Peninsulares -- Persons of Spanish ancestry born in the New World D) Peninsulares -- Persons of mixed Spanish and African heritage 73. Haciendas were A) the upper class of the encomienda system. B) large plantations in the Spanish New World colonies. C) the name of the provincial governors in the Spanish New World colonies. D) the lowest class of the encomienda system. 74. What was a similarity between the Spanish mita and 77. What was the reaction of the Spanish government to encomienda systems? the initial overburdening of native workers in the encomienda system? A) Both were dependent on forced labor. A) They ordered the native workers to convert to B) Both were remnants of earlier native systems. Christianity. C) Both began after the abolition of slavery in B) They decided to import African slaves to South America. reduce the burden. D) Both were used only in Central America. C) They banished missionaries from the Spanish 75. The colonial economy of Brazil was initially devoted New World colonies. to plantation agriculture, while the colonial economy D) They abolished the position of viceroy. of Spanish South America was devoted to A) B) C) D) subsistence agriculture. fishing. monoculture. mining. 76. What was a similarity between the economies of Brazil and the Southern British colonies on the North American East Coast? A) Both adopted slavery fifty years after the Spanish colonies. B) Both were primarily based on the mining of natural resources. C) Both were controlled by the Dutch merchant marine. D) Both were heavily based on labor-intensive plantation agriculture. 78. What best describes the reaction of Christian missionaries to the encomienda system of Spain's New World colonies? A) Missionaries objected to the system's widespread use of Christians. B) Missionaries thought the system would be more efficient if African slaves were used. C) Missionaries asked the government to reform the system to improve working conditions. D) Missionaries took no public stance on the encomienda system. 79. Initially, most of the workers in Spanish South America's encomienda system were A) B) C) D) African slaves. mestizos. South American natives. freed African slaves. Answer Key Period 4 2016 Practice Qs 1. 36. A 71. D 2. D 37. B 72. B 3. B 38. A 73. B 4. B 39. C 74. A 5. B 40. D 75. D 6. D 41. D 76. D 7. A 42. A 77. B 8. D 43. C 78. C 9. A 44. A 79. C 10. D 45. C 11. B 46. D 12. D 47. C 13. A 48. D 14. C 49. D 15. D 50. A 16. C 51. D 17. A 52. A 18. B 53. A 19. C 54. A 20. D 55. B 21. B 56. D 22. D 57. A 23. C 58. B 24. A 59. D 25. D 60. D 26. B 61. D 27. D 62. D 28. A 63. D 29. D 64. B 30. B 65. D 31. C 66. D 32. C 67. C 33. B 68. A 34. D 69. D 35. B 70. A