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Protists Simple Eukaryotes Domain Bacteria Regents Biology Domain Archaebacteria Domain Eukaryotes 2006-2007 Common ancestor General characteristics Classification criteria eukaryotes not animal, plant or fungi That’s more of what they’re not & not what they are! Regents Biology Protist Diversity A great variety in ways of life one-celled to many-celled autotrophs (photosynthesis) to heterotrophs (have to eat) asexual to sexual reproduction pathogens to beneficial sessile to mobile Regents Biology Mobility How Protists move flagellum cilia pseudopod Regents Biology Protist Diversity Animal-like Protists heterotrophs, predators Amoeba Paramecium Stentor Amoeba ingesting a Paramecium Regents Biology Paramecium with food vacuoles stained red Protist Diversity Plant-like Protists autotrophs, photosynthesis Euglena algae diatoms Regents Biology Protist Diversity Parasitic & pathogen Protists malaria Giardia trypanosomes Plasmodium Giardia Regents Biology Trypanosoma Protist Diversity Beneficial & necessary Protists phytoplankton small algae + diatoms much of the world’s photosynthesis produces ~90% of atmospheric oxygen zooplankton heterotroph protists key ecological role at base of marine food web Regents Biology Mmmmmm! Keeps me goin’! Kingdom: Animals Complex Eukaryotes Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea 2007Common ancestor 2008 Domain Eukarya Animal Characteristics Heterotrophs must ingest others for nutrients Multicellular complex bodies No cell walls allows active movement Sexual reproduction Animal Evolution sponges jellyfish flatworms roundworms mollusks segmented worms insects spiders segmented body separate digestive system left-right symmetry tissues many-celled Ancestral Protist starfish vertebrates internal skeleton Invertebrate: Porifera Sponges no organized tissues or organs food goes in & waste comes out same opening food taken into each cell separately Invertebrate: Cnidaria Jellyfish, hydra, sea anemone, coral tissues, but no organs two cell layers predators tentacles surround mouth opening digested material absorbed into cells Invertebrate: Platyhelminthes Flatworms tapeworm, planaria mostly parasitic digestive tube now have separate mouth & anus tapeworm Invertebrate: Nematoda Roundworms digestive tube have separate mouth & anus many are parasitic hookworm Invertebrate: Mollusca Mollusks clams, snails, squid soft bodies, mostly protected by hard shells digestive tube Invertebrate: Annelida Segmented worms earthworms, leeches segments are all the same digestive tube fan worm leech Invertebrate: Arthropoda Spiders, insects, crustaceans most successful animal group segmented allows jointed legs & arms exoskeleton Arthropod groups arachnids 8 legs, 2 body parts spiders, ticks, scorpions crustaceans gills, 2 pairs antennae crab, lobster, barnacles, shrmp insects 6 legs, 3 body parts Invertebrate: Echinodermata Starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumber radial symmetry spiny exoskeleton Vertebrata Vertebrates fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals internal bony skeleton becomes brain & spinal cord backbone skull-encased brain Oh, look… your first baby picture! becomes gills or Eustachian tube becomes tail or tailbone becomes vertebrae 450 mya Lampreys, salmon, trout, sharks Vertebrates: Fish Characteristics gills body structure paired fins scales body function breathe with gills two-chambered heart cold-blooded (ectotherm) reproduction external fertilization external development in aquatic egg body 350 mya frogs salamanders toads Vertebrates: Amphibian Characteristics body structure legs (walk on land) moist skin lung body function buccal cavity glottis closed breathe with lungs & through skin three-chambered heart cold-blooded (ectotherm) reproduction external fertilization external development in aquatic egg metamorphosis (tadpole to adult) 250 mya dinosaurs, turtles lizards, snakes alligators, crocodile Vertebrates: Reptiles Characteristics body structure dry skin, scales, armor (shells) body function breathe with lungs three-chambered heart cold-blooded (ectotherm) reproduction internal fertilization external development in leathery embryo shell amnion hard-shelled egg chorion allantois yolk sac 150 mya finches, hawk ostrich, turkey Vertebrates: Birds Characteristics body structure feathers & wings thin, hollow bone; flight skeleton body function very efficient lungs & air sacs four-chambered heart warm-blooded (endotherm) reproduction internal fertilization external development in hard-shelled egg trachea lung anterior air sacs posterior air sacs 220 mya / 65 mya Vertebrates: Mammals Characteristics body structure hair specialized teeth body function muscles contract breathe with lungs, diaphragm four-chambered heart warm-blooded (endoderm) mice, ferret elephants, bats whales, humans reproduction internal fertilization internal development in uterus nourishment through placenta birth live young mammary glands make milk diaphragm contracts That’s the buzz… Any Questions?
