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Essentials of Human Reproduction
Exam IA
February 23, 2015
Name: _____________________________ Student Number: _____________________
1.
What would be the percentage of offspring expressing the recessive form of a trait if two
heterozygotes were crossed and that trait was inherited by incomplete dominance?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
2.
Of the following, which is a function of the kinetochore?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
3.
Collective activity of multiple brain regions
Complex connections between neurons
Transduction of electrical activity into chemical signaling
Prior activity affecting future function of neurons
Increased cell division in brain regions that are involved in integrated brain function
If a genetic trait with two alleles, one dominant and one recessive is controlled by complete
dominance, how many phenotypes could result?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
5.
Attachment point for chromatids
Region of the spindle that attaches to the centromere
Attachment point for spindles
Attachment point for components of the cytoskeleton
Region of DNA that codes for ribosome synthesis
Which of the following neuronal properties allows you form and recall memories?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
4.
100%
75%
50%
25%
0%
1
2
3
Either A or C
None of the above
Of the following types of inheritance, which generate the most genotypes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Sex-linked inheritance
Polygenetic inheritance
Incomplete dominance
Dominant-recessive inheritance
All of the above can be affected
6.
Of the following, which term describes the physical position of a gene on a chromosome?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
7.
The digestion of foreign materials is primarily associated with the following organelle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
8.
Cytokinesis
Telophase
G1 Phase
G2 Phase
S Phase
Blood type is an example of which of the following patterns of inheritance?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
11.
Polygenetic inheritance
Sex-linked inheritance
Incomplete dominance
Dominant-recessive inheritance
B&C
During which of the following phases of the cell cycle are the organelles duplicated?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
10.
Rough ER
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
For which of the following forms of inheritance are recessive genes NOT masked by a
corresponding gene on Y chromosome?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
9.
Genotype
Phenotype
Karyotype
Locus
Genome
Polygenetic inheritance
Sex-linked inheritance
Incomplete dominance
Dominant-recessive inheritance
Polyallelic inheritance
During which phase of mitosis are two alleles attached by their centromeres?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Metaphase
Prophase
Anaphase
A&B
A, B & C
Use the following list to answer Question 12.
1
2
3
4
12.
Prophase of mitosis
Metaphase of mitosis
Anaphase of mitosis
Telophase of mitosis
Prophase 1 of meiosis
Anaphase 1 of meiosis
Metaphase 2 of meiosis
Telophase 2 of meiosis
In which of the phases of cell division listed above is the DNA referred to as “sister
chromatids”?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
13.
5
6
7
8
1&2
1&7
1, 2 & 6
1, 2, 6 & 7
1, 5 & 6
In regards to meiosis, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Crossing over occurs during Prophase II
During Anaphase II, sister chromatids separate
During Meiosis I, two haploid daughter cells are generated
Paternal and maternal chromosomes separate during Meiosis I
Meiosis produces four genetically unique daughter cells
Use the following list to answer Question 14.
1
2
3
4
14.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Secretory vesicle
Nucleus
Ribosome
Of the following cellular components, where is mRNA synthesized?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
15.
5
6
All but 1
2, 3, 5 & 6
2, 3 & 6
5 only
3&5
During which of the following cell cycle events is chromatin duplicated?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
S Phase
G1 Phase
G2 Phase
Mitosis
A&D
16.
Of the following characteristics, which makes a secretion an endocrine secretion?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
17.
In regards to the hypothalamus and the pituitary, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
18.
ACTH
Prolactin
Oxytocin
FSH
B&C
When can genes be expressed?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
21.
ACTH
GH
TSH
PRL
B&D
Which of the following hormones is released from the posterior pituitary?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
20.
ADH is made in the hypothalamus
Neurons of the hypothalamus directly control the function of the anterior pituitary
The anterior pituitary synthesizes four tropic hormones
Releasing factors synthesized in the hypothalamus indirectly control the release of the
anterior pituitary hormones
The portal vein connects the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
All of the following hormones control the release of other hormones EXCEPT:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
19.
It is produced by a gland
It activates a receptor
It is delivered to a membrane surface by a duct
It is secreted into extra-cellular space
All but C
During prophase of mitosis
During prophase I of meiosis
During prophase II of meiosis
During S phase of interphase
During G2 phase of interphase
The release of GnRH is controlled by which of the following types of stimuli?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Hormonal
Humoral
Neural
A&C
B&C
22.
Of the following, which term describes the character state coded for by a particular gene?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
23.
During which phase of meiosis do sister chromatids line up in the center of the dividing cell?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
24.
D.
E.
ACTH
PRL
FSH
ADH
GH
The cell populations that synthesize chemicals carried by the circulatory system to another cell
population are referred to as which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
27.
It is connected to the posterior pituitary via the portal blood system.
It directly controls the anterior pituitary.
It produces releasing hormones that are transported to the anterior
pituitary via neural connections.
Posterior pituitary hormones are made in the hypothalamus.
None of the above is true.
Of the following, which is NOT controlled by a hypothalamic hormone?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
26.
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Prophase II
Metaphase II
B&D
In regards to the interaction of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, which of the following
is TRUE?
A.
B.
C.
25.
Genotype
Locus
Allele
Phenotype
Genome
Exocrine glands
Apocrine glands
Endocrine glands
Holocrine glands
None of the above
Of the following sources of genetic variation, which requires two gametes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Independent assortment
Segregation of chromosomes
Crossing over
Random fertilization
B&D
28.
Of the following, which term describes a gene with both dominant and recessive alleles?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
29.
Cells completing mitosis enters which of the following stages of interphase?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
30.
4:0
2:2:0
1:2:1
3:1
1:3
In which of the following types of inheritance is it NOT possible for a trait to be passed from
father to son?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
33.
Polygenetic inheritance
Sex-linked inheritance
Incomplete dominance
Dominant-recessive inheritance
All of the above
What is the phenotypic ratio observed from the mating of a homozygous dominant and a
heterozygote assuming incomplete dominance?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
32.
S Phase
G1 Phase
G2 Phase
Cytokinesis
Meiosis
In which of the following types of inheritance is the phenotype of heterozygous form different
from the homozygous recessive form?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
31.
Genotype
Heterozygous
Homozygous dominant
Homozygous recessive
C&D
Polygenetic inheritance
Sex-linked inheritance
Incomplete dominance
Dominant-recessive inheritance
C&D
Transcription occurs in which of the following parts of the cell?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Rough ER
Golgi apparatus
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
34.
During which phase of meiosis does synapsis occur?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
35.
During which phase of meiosis does the dividing cell have only one copy of either the maternal
or paternal chromosomes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
36.
S-phase, prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase
Metaphase, anaphase, telophase, prophase, s-phase
S-phase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, s-phase
Telophase, metaphase, anaphase, prophase, s-phase
Which of the following properties of the plasma membrane allows cells to be affected by
hormones?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
39.
DNA is translated into mRNA
Transcription occurs in the nucleus
Proteins are produced by ribosomes
Proteins are packaged in the golgi apparatus
A&C
Which of the following sequences are arranged from earliest to latest?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
38.
Anaphase II
Prophase I
Prophase II
Telophase I
C&D
In regards to cell biology, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
37.
Metaphase I
Prophase I
Prophase II
Anaphase I
Telophase II
Hydrophobic regions of the phospholipid bilayer
Hydrophilic regions of the phospholipid bilayer
Peripheral proteins
Integral proteins
Transmembrane proteins
Proteins found within secretory vesicles have all of the following properties EXCEPT:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Transcription has occurred
Translation has occurred
The protein has moved through the smooth ER
The protein has moved through the golgi apparatus
C&D
40.
Of the following, which is the primary function of the centrosome?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
41.
Attachment point for chromatids
Attachment point for components of the cytoskeleton
Attachment point for spindles
Region of the spindle that shortens during cell division
Region of DNA that codes for ribosome synthesis
Of the following, which is the primary function of the portal vein?
A.
B.
Structure that carries hormones from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland
Structure that carries hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
C.
D.
E.
Structure that attaches the anterior and posterior pituitary glands
Structure that attaches the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland
Structure that attaches the adrenal medulla to the adrenal cortex
gland
42.
Traits that require the combined effects of multiple alleles found on separate genes is referred
to which of the following patterns of inheritance?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
43.
All of the following are characteristics of synapsis EXCEPT:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
44.
Synapsis can occur between sister chromatids
Synapsis can only occur during either meiosis I or II
Synapsis involves all four of the tetrad chromosomes
A&C
A, B & C
Which of the following neuronal properties allows neurons to generate “information”?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
45.
Polygenetic inheritance
Sex-linked inheritance
Incomplete dominance
Dominant-recessive inheritance
Polyallelic inheritance
Multiple electrical states of neurons
Complex connections between neurons
Transduction of electrical activity into chemical signaling
Prior activity affecting future function of neurons
Increased cell division in brain regions that store information
When comparing the characteristics of protein-based and lipid-based hormones, which of the
following is NOT TRUE?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Protein-based hormones have longer half lives
Lipid-based hormones have slower onsets
Only lipid-based hormones require chaperones
Only lipid-based hormones can pass through the plasma membrane
B&D
46.
All of the following factors may contribute to the observed effects of a particular hormone
EXCEPT:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
47.
Oxytocin receptors, when present, are located in which of the following parts of the body?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
48.
ACTH
CRH
Cortisol
Epinephrine
Aldosterone
Which of the following is/are an adrenal cortical hormone(s) that increases the production of
glucose?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
50.
Hypothalamus
Posterior pituitary
Mammary glands
Myometrium
C&D
Which of the following hypothalamic releasing hormones is associated with the response of the
body to stress?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
49.
Hormonal concentration
Number of hormone receptors
Location of the receptors
The specific cellular change that occurs when the receptor finds the hormone
Whether the hormone is made from protein or lipids
ADH
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Epinephrine
B, C & D
All of the following are characteristics of prolactin EXCEPT:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Prolactin is not present in non-pregnant females
Prolactin causes milk to be made by the mammary glands
Prolactin causes the let-down reflex
Prolactin is made by cells in the anterior pituitary gland
A&C