Download Chapter 7 Review Chapter 7 – DNA structure, RNA structure and

Chapter 7 Review
Chapter 7 – DNA structure, RNA structure and protein synthesis
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What is a somatic cell?
How many chromosomes are in a human somatic cell?
Structure of a chromosome.
What is transformation?
The structure of a nucleotide.
The structure of DNA.
What does 5and 3mean?
What is meant by anti-parallel?
What is the 3-D structure of DNA?
What is a purine? A pyrimidine?
What are the four nitrogenous bases for DNA?
What are the base pairing rules for the nitrogenous bases?
What is a gene?
Where are genes located?
Where are chromosomes located?
DNA replication
o During what stage of interphase is DNA replicated?
o What is meant by semi-conservative replication?
o Origin or replication
o Replication fork
o Leading strand, lagging strand
o How does replication occur?
o Helicase, single-stranded binding proteins, DNA polymerase, Okazaki
fragments, DNA ligase
o Direction of DNA replication.
o What is the result of DNA replication?
o What can damage DNA?
 Protein Synthesis
o One gene one polypeptide hypothesis.
o How are your traits, such as eye color, expressed?
o The three types of RNA and their function.
o Differences between RNA and DNA.
o What is transcription? What is the product of transcription?
 In which direction is mRNA synthesized?
 What are the base pairing rules for RNA.
 What are the four nitrogenous bases found in RNA?
 How does transcription occur?
 Template strand.
 RNA polymerase
 Nuclear pores.
 Pre-mRNA, introns, exons, splicing
o Translation
 What is a tRNA?
 What are the two parts to a tRNA molecule?
 What is an rRNA?
 What is the make up of a ribosome?
 What is translation?
 In which direction is the mRNA read?
 What is the result of translation?
 What kinds of proteins do free ribosomes make? Bound
ribosomes?
o Genetic Code
 What is a codon?
 In which direction are codons read along the mRNA?
 What is an anti-codon?
 How many amino acids are there?
 What is meant by “the genetic code is redundant and not
ambiguous”? Why is this beneficial?
 How to read the genetic code chart.
o Mutations
 Base-pair substitution, missense, nonsense, base-pair insertions
and deletions, frameshift mutation, mutagens.
 What can be the result of mutations?
Vocabulary
Nucleotide, phosphate group, deoxyribose, nitrogenous base, double helix, hydrogen
bond, purine, pyrimidine, adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine, Uracil, base pairing, semiconservative replication, anti-parallel, origin of replication, replication fork, helicase,
single-stranded binding protein, DNA polymerase, leading strand, lagging strand, okazaki
fragments, DNA ligase, transcription, translation, RNA, DNA, tRNA, rRNA, mRNA,
template strand, RNA polymerase, promoter site, terminator sequence, nuclear pores, premRNA, introns, exons, codon, redundant, anticodon, free ribosomes, bound ribosomes,
base-pair substitution, missense, nonsense, base-pair insertion, base-pair deletion,
frameshift mutation, mutagens