Download fault - Cengage

 deformation
stress
Chapter 10 Chapter 10 strain
compression
Chapter 10 Chapter 10 tension
shear stress
Chapter 10 Chapter 10 elastic strain
plastic strain
Chapter 10 Chapter 10 Chapter 10 fracture
strike
Chapter 10 dip
geologic structure
Chapter 10 Chapter 10 fold
monocline
Chapter 10 Chapter 10 anticline
syncline
Chapter 10 Chapter 10 dome
basin
Chapter 10 Chapter 10 Chapter 10 joint
fault
Chapter 10 fault plane
hanging wall block
Chapter 10 Chapter 10 footwall block
dip‐slip fault
Chapter 10 Chapter 10 normal fault
reverse fault
Chapter 10 Chapter 10 thrust fault
strike‐slip fault
Chapter 10 Chapter 10 oblique‐slip fault
orogeny
Chapter 10 Chapter 10 continental accretion
terrane
Chapter 10 Chapter 10 principle of isostasy
isostatic rebound
Chapter 10 Chapter 10 A general term for any change in shape or volume, or both, of rocks in response to stress; involves folding and fracturing. Deformation caused by stress. The force per unit area applied to a material such as rock. Stress resulting when materials are squeezed by external forces directed toward one another. A type of stress in which forces act in opposite directions but along the same line, thus tending to stretch an object. The result of forces acting parallel to one another but in opposite directions; results in deformation by displacement of adjacent layers along closely spaced planes. A type of deformation in which the material returns to its original shape when stress is relaxed. Permanent deformation of a solid with no failure by fracturing. A break in rock resulting from intense applied pressure. The direction of a line formed by the intersection of an inclined plane and a horizontal plane. A measure of the maximum angular deviation of an inclined plane from horizontal. Any feature in rocks that results from deformation, such as folds, joints, and faults. A type of geologic structure in which planar features in rock layers such as bedding and foliation have been bent. A bend or flexure in otherwise horizontal or uniformly dipping rock layers. A convex upward fold in which the oldest exposed rocks coincide with the fold axis and all strata dip away from the axis. A down‐arched fold in which the youngest exposed rocks coincide with the fold axis and all strata dip toward the axis. A rather circular geologic structure in which all rock layers dip away from a central point and the oldest exposed rocks are in the dome’s center. A circular fold in which all strata dip inward toward a central point and the youngest exposed strata are in the center. A fracture along which no movement has occurred or where movement is perpendicular to the fracture surface. A fracture along which rocks on opposite sides of the fracture have moved parallel with the fracture surface. A fault surface that is more or less planar. The block of rock that overlies a fault plane. The block of rock that lies beneath a fault plane. A fault on which all movement is parallel with the dip of the fault plane. A dip‐slip fault on which the hanging wall block has moved downward relative to the footwall block. A dip‐slip fault on which the hanging wall block has moved upward relative to the footwall block. A type of reverse fault in which a fault plane dips less than 45 degrees. A fault involving horizontal movement of blocks of rock on opposite sides of a fault plane. A fault showing both dip‐slip and strike‐slip movement. An episode of mountain building involving deformation, usually accompanied by igneous activity, and crustal thickening. Orogenics along convergent plate boundaries that result in adding material to a continent. Fragments of seamounts, island arcs, and small pieces of continents that were carried on oceanic plates that collided with continental plates. The theoretical concept of Earth’s crust “floating” on a dense underlying layer. The phenomenon in which unloading of the crust causes it to rise until it attains equilibrium.