Download FCA #4 ANSWER KEY 1. Evolution – a process in which descendants

FCA #4 ANSWER KEY
1. Evolution – a process in which descendants (offspring) are different from their ancestors; change over
time

3 examples: Bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics, insects resistant to pesticides, people
being born without wisdom teeth.
2. False; monkeys and humans have a common ancestor
3. Darwin
4. Theory – a widely accept explanation of a concept based on lots of evidence
Law – a statement of an observed event without attempting to explain it
5. B
6. Populations evolve, individuals do not.
7. Mechanisms of evolutionary change:




Mutations (a change in the DNA of an organism)
Migration (movement of different organisms into or out of a population)
Genetic Drift (Some species are just lucky and don’t die while others survive)
Natural Selection (Those individuals that have inherited beneficial traits will survive and
reproduce; survival of the fittest)
8. Natural Selection is a mechanism in which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations
produce ore offspring on average than do their individuals (survival of the fittest)

Conditions required:
1. Variation – must have variety among species
2. Overproduction – more offspring increases likelihood to survive
3. Adaptation – those organisms with adaptations that allow them to survive better
compete with others and those more successful survive, mate and reproduce.
4. Descent with modification – over time, those better suited to survive and reproduce
will.
9.
Vestigial Structures: Organs or structures that once had a
function in an organism but no longer do.
Example: Whales have Pelvic bones or humans
have an appendix
Analogous Structures: Structures that perform similar
functions but organisms are NOT related
Example: Wings of insects, bats,
10. Homologous structures indicate common ancestors
11. Adaptation – any trait or characteristic that allows a species to survive in it’s environment
12. True
13. Species that are resistant to antibiotics, insecticides, or pesticides are problems today because the
only species that remain alive are the species that have a mutation in their DNA which has allowed them
to not be effective by these chemicals. All other species have died.
14. Macaque and humans have a common ancestor
15. Anaerobic; oxygen
16. oxygen, photosynthesis
17. Miller – Urey proved that the environment of early Earth contained the conditions necessary to
create the organic compounds (amino acids) needed to create living things.
The heat source = sun
Water = Ocean of early earth
Electrodes = lightning!
Gases = inorganic gases of early earth
Condenser = cooling of earth
18.
Domain
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
19.
Characteristic
“true” bacteria
PROKARYOTIC
UNICELLULAR
No nucleus
Cell Wall
Mostly Heterotrophic
LIVE in EXTREME environments
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
No nucleus
Cell Wall
Mostly Heterotrophic
CONTAINS NUCLEUS
Both Heterotrophic and
Autotrophic
Some have a cell wall some do
not
Kingdom(s)
Eubateria
Archea
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
The Six Kingdoms
How are organism placed into their kingdoms?
 Cell type: Prokaryote or Eukaryote
 Their ability to make food: Autotroph or Heterotroph
 The number of cells in their body: Unicellular or Multicellular
The bacteria you know
Eubacteria
 Prokaryotes

The Good(probiotics, bacteria that
make yogurt and cheese, decomposers,
etc)

The Bad (Staphylococcus,
streptococcus, salmonella, etc.)

And the Ugly
 Autotrophs & Heterotrophs
 Unicellular
Archeabacteria
 Prokaryotes
 Autotrophs & Heterotrophs
 Unicellular
Bacteria found in extreme
environments: thermal vents, salt lakes,
no oxygen environments, highly acidic
environments.
They differ chemically from Eubacteria
in their cell wall, cell membrane, tRNA,
and DNA, and ribosomes.
Protista
 Eukaryotes
 Autotrophs & Heterotrophs
 Unicellular & Multicellular
Parmecium, Euglena, Amoeba, algae, kelp
Fungi
 Eukaryotes
 Heterotrophs
 Multicellular (yeasts are the exception)
Mushrooms, molds, yeast
 Cell wall
Plantae
 Eukaryotes
 Autotrophs
 Multicellular
 Cell wall
Mosses, coniferous trees, deciduous trees,
flowering plants
Animalia
 Eukaryotes
 Heterotrophs
 Multicellular
Jellyfish, worms, snails, insects, fish,
amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
20. Eukarya
21. Protista and Plantae
22. Genus
23. Eukaryotic
24. Plants are autotrophs and make their own food using photosynthesis while Fungi are heterotrophs
and must obtain their energy from other species.
25. Oak Tree
26. phylum
27. eukaryotic
28. Protista
29. phyla
30. Evolutionary Pathway of species over time.
31. The modern evolutionary theory modified the theory of natural selection because molecular
evidence (DNA) can be used to compare species.
32. Molecular Evidence (DNA)
33.
Lancolot
Tuna
Salamander
Turtle
Leopard
Lancolot
Hair
Lancolot
Amniotic Egg
Four Walking Legs
Jaws
34. Vertebral Column
35. Turtle