Download Jan 12 - Web.UVic.ca

15/01/2011
Chapter 21 – Organic Chemistry
Organic chemistry, Chapter 21 (Section 21.1)
As you read this material ask yourself the following questions:
NH4OCN
H2 NCONH2
What is unique about carbon and carbon-based compounds? Why did
life evolve around carbon?
NH2
C
O
NH2
urea
Why does silicon not exhibit the great diversity if compounds that
we find for carbon?
What are the main classifications of hydrocarbons?
How do the properties of structural isomers differ from one
another?
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated
hydrocarbons?
Chem 101
1
2
Carbon is Organic Chemistry
Hydrocarbons
Carbon is unique
contain only C and H
four different types:
defined by kind of carbon to carbon bonds
c) linear
unsaturated hydrocarbons
largest possible no. of H atoms  saturated hydrocarbons
5
Chem 101
6
1
15/01/2011
Alkane nomenclature 21.2
suffix = -ane
Drawing hydrocarbon structures
1. Find the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms. This longest chain may
not be written in a straight line.
C4H10
2. Name that longest chain with the appropriate alkane name.
3. Find the substituents and name each of them with the appropriate
group name.
CH3CH2CH2CH3
4. Number the carbons in the chain such that the lowest number is given to
the group nearest one end of the chain.
C4H10
5. List the groups alphabetically in front of the longest chain name.
6. Precede each group name with a prefix indicating how many of them are
present in the molecule. In front of the prefix, list the numbers of each
group in the molecule and separate the numbers with a hyphen.
Chem 101
8
example:
8
1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
halogens
-F
fluoro
-Cl
chloro
-Br
bromo
-I
iodo
ethyl
methyl
-OH
hydroxy
parent name
-NO2 nitro
ethyl- methyl octane
4-ethyl-2,7-dimethyloctane
Chem 101
9
Chem 101
The best IUPAC name for this molecule is
The best IUPAC name for this molecule is
A. 2-chloro-7-bromo-3-methylheptane
B. 1-bromo-6-chloro-5-methylheptane
C. 1-bromo-5-methyl-6-chloroheptane
A. 2-chloro-7-bromo-3-methylheptane
B. 1-bromo-6-chloro-5-methylheptane
C. 1-bromo-5-methyl-6-chloroheptane
10
2
15/01/2011
Select the correct name for the following
compound.
H3 C
CH2
H3 C
C
H
H2 C
H
C
Select the correct name for the following
compound.
CH3
CH
H3 C
CH2
H3 C
C
H
H
C
CH3 CH2
A) 1,1,3-triethyl-2-methylbutane
B) 3,4-dimethyl-5-ethylheptane
C) 2,4-diethyl-3-methylhexane
D) 5-ethyl-3,4-dimethylheptane
CH3
H2 C
CH3
CH
CH3 CH2
A) 1,1,3-triethyl-2-methylbutane
B) 3,4-dimethyl-5-ethylheptane
C) 2,4-diethyl-3-methylhexane
D) 5-ethyl-3,4-dimethylheptane
CH3
All of the following molecules have the formula C7H16.
Which of the following are isomers and which are the same
structure?
All of the following molecules have the formula C7H16.
Which of the following are isomers and which are the same
structure?
 A=D, B, C, E isomers
 A=D, B=C, A,B,E isomers
 A=D, A,B,C, E isomers
 A=D, B, C, E isomers
 A=D, B=C, A,B,E isomers
 A=D, A,B,C, E isomers
Cycloalkanes - general
formula:
CnH2n
cycloalkane nomenclature
1. add cyclo to parent name
2. start numbering at the substituent group with alphabetical priority
3. number around ring so that substituents have lowest possible numbers
CH2 CH2
CH3
CH2
CH3
CH3
1
1-bromo-2-methylcyclopentane
2
Br
Br
Br
?
?
2
CH3
cyclopentane
1
Chem 101
1
Br
1
CH3
Br
18
3