Download Review for Exam 1

Review for Exam 1 Review • 
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Exam: 50 ques6ons, mostly mul6ple choice Exam conducted at Pollock Tes6ng Center Each student schedules the 6me for their exam some6me between 8am and 10pm Bring pencils and student IDs; no calculators allowed For tes6ng center details: hLp://tes6ng.psu.edu/Students/ Study materials • 
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review ques6ons slides from lectures your notes homeworks clicker ques6ons anima6ons at my web site Mo6ons of the Earth and Sky 1)  What evidence did Aristotle cite for a spherical earth? 2)  What are the zenith, meridian, and horizon? 3)  What is the name of the point in the sky above the north pole? What is the name of the star near that point? 4)  What is diurnal mo6on? What causes it? How does diurnal mo6on of stars appear from the north pole? The equator? 5)  Some constella6ons can be seen at night during only part of the year. Why is that? 6)  How are the zodiac constella6ons different from other constella6ons? 7)  What causes the seasons? What are the sols6ces and equinoxes? 8)  How do the number of hours of daylight and maximum height of the Sun in the sky change with seasons? with la6tude? 9)  What is precession? What is its period? How does it affect our view of the sky? 10) What causes the phases of the Moon? Mo6ons of the Earth and Sky 1)  If given 2 of these 3 – 6me of day, Moon's phase, posi6on in the sky – how do you determine the 3rd? 2)  How long does it take the Moon to orbit the Earth once? 3)  What are opposi6on and conjunc6on? 4)  What are solar and lunar eclipses? During which phases do they appear? Why don't they occur every month? What por6on of the Earth can see each? 5)  Why are solar eclipses more rare than lunar eclipses? How oaen does each occur? 6)  What is parallax? Which model of the solar system was supported by its apparent absence among stars? 7)  Which model did each of the following prefer? Aristotle, Ptolemy Copernicus, Tycho, Galileo, Kepler 8)  What is the difference between inferior and superior planets in how they appear in the sky? What is the origin of this dis6nc6on? 9)  What is retrograde mo6on? How did Aristotle try to explain it? What is the true cause of it? Galileo, Tycho, Kepler 1)  What did Galileo see with his telescope? 2)  What was Tycho’s preferred model for the solar system? 3)  What are Kepler's laws? Newton and Gravity 1)  What are Newton's Laws of Mo6on? 2)  What Is the equa6on for the force of gravity? What is the equa6on for the accelera6on experienced because of gravity? 3)  Why do we feel weight? In what circumstances does weightlessness occur? 4)  Why doesn't the Earth fall into the Sun? Tides 1) 
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What is a 6dal force? How does the 6dal force of the Moon affect the Earth? How has the 6dal force of the Earth affected the Moon? How do the rota6onal and orbital periods of the Moon compare? What’s the difference between the far side and the dark side of the Moon? When are they the same? 6)  How can you determine if you experience a low 6de or high 6de based on the 6me of day and phase of the Moon? During which phases of the Moon are the 6des most extreme? Light 1)  How are wavelength, frequency, speed, & energy of light related? 2)  What are the names of the different wavelength ranges of light? What is their order in wavelength, frequency, and energy? 3)  Which wavelengths are able to penetrate the atmosphere and reach the Earth’s surface? Which are completely blocked? 4)  What is the Doppler shia? 5)  What is the inverse square law of light? 6)  Why is the sky blue? 7)  How do peak wavelength and total energy of a blackbody depend on temperature? 8)  What are the 3 kinds of spectra? What type of light source produces each one? 9)  How are emission and absorp6on lines produced? 10)  What kind of spectrum does the Sun produce? Telescopes 1)  How are the sizes of telescopes characterized? What is meant by a “1 meter” telescope? 2)  What are the 2 kinds of telescopes? Which one is used in modern telescopes? Why? 3)  Why are telescopes with larger lenses or mirrors more powerful? What is the size of the largest op6cal and infrared telescopes? 4)  Why are some telescopes put in space rather than on the Earth’s surface? 5)  What are some of the best loca6ons on the Earth for telescopes? 6)  In what wavelength ranges do Hubble, Spitzer, and Chandra primarily operate? The Sun 1) 
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How much larger in diameter is the Sun than the Earth? What are the most common elements in the Sun? What are the surface and central temperatures of the Sun? What are sunspots? How are they produced? What are aurorae? What kind of spectra do they produce?