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Name _________________________________________ Period _________ Table of Contents Lymphatic/Immune System Notes Major Organs/Parts Involved: Body System Page 1. _______________________ - organ that filters foreign particles from lymph and ______________________________________________ ............................................ 1 makes white blood cells a.___________________ - back of throat; first line of defense ______________________________________________ ............................................ 3 ______________________________________________............................................. 5 2. ____________________ - organ that produces T-cells 3. ____________________ - organs that produces antibodies and removes antibodycoated bacteria & cells by way of blood ______________________________________________ ............................................ 7 4. _______________________ - also known as White Blood Cells; fight diseases and foreign pathogens ______________________________________________ ............................................ 9 Functions/Roles: ______________________________________________ ........................................... 11 ______________________________________________ ........................................... 13 1. ____________________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________________ Diseases/Disorders: ______________________________________________ .......................................... 15 1. ________________________ - cancer of lymphocytes; tumor in lymph nodes 2. _________________________ (i.e. Lupus) – body mistakes own cells/tissues as ______________________________________________ .......................................... 17 ______________________________________________ .......................................... 19 pathogens and attacks itself Connection: How do the circulatory and lymphatic systems work together to fight infection? 20 Lymphatic/Immune System Pictures Basic Function Body System Integumentary Muscular Skeletal Circulatory Respiratory Digestive Excretory Nervous Endocrine Reproductive Lymphatic (Immune) 19 Function Integumentary System Pictures Endocrine & Reproductive Systems Notes Major Organs/Parts Involved: A. Endocrine 1. _______________________ - gland that secretes 9 hormones to regulate homeostasis; found at base of brain 2. _________________ - chemical messenger a. _____________________ - male reproductive hormone b. __________________ - female reproductive hormone c. ________________ - pancreatic hormone regulating blood sugar d. __________________________ - hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration B. Reproductive - Female: _______________ - produces eggs - Male: _______________ - produces sperm Give a definition of homeostasis: Functions/Roles: A. Endocrine 1. _____________________________________________________ B. Reproductive **In Connection questions found throughout booklet, you will see how the different systems work together to maintain homeostasis. 1. ____________________________________________________ Diseases/Disorders: 1. __________________ - disease where person has high blood sugar due to low production For example, how does the integumentary system help maintain homeostasis? of insulin 2. ______________________________ - medical condition caused by pituitary gland not producing enough growth hormone; results in dwarfism 3. ______________________ - medical condition caused by pituitary gland over producing 1 growth hormone; results in a “giant” 18 Endocrine & Reproductive Systems Pictures Integumentary System Notes Major Organs/Parts Involved: - ______________, _______________, and ______________________ Functions/Roles: 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ________________________ Skin has 3 Layers: 1. ________________________ - outermost layer a. _____________ - provide warmth and protection 2. ________________________ - middle layer a. ______________________________ - produces sweat b. ______________________________ - produces oil c. ______________________________ - produces hair 3. ________________________ - innermost layer a. Not considered apart of skin; connects skin to underlying ________________ & __________________ b. Contains __________ of body fat Other Vocab: 1. ____________________ - infectious or disease-causing agent Connection: How do nervous and endocrine systems work together to regulate homeostasis? Diseases/Disorders: 1. _____________________ - skin cancer - Melanocytes are cells that produce the dark pigment, melanin, which is responsible for the color of skin 2. _____________ - common skin disease - Usually caused by increase in testosterone - Results in excess oil or dead skin cell getting trapped in pores 17 2 Muscular System Pictures Nervous System Notes Major Organs/Parts Involved: 1. _________________ - control center of nervous system 2. _________________ - long, tubular nervous tissue that carries message from brain 3. _________________ - enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons that carry electrical impulses 4. _________________ - nerve cell that processes information a. _______________ - branch-like projections from neuron; carries impulse to cell body b. _______________ - soma; contains nucleus c. ____________ - long, slender projection of neuron; carries impulse away from cell body d. ___________________ - usually around axon; increase speed of signal/impulse (like rubber around a cable) Functions/Roles: 1. _____________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________ Reflex Arc 1. ____________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________________________ Diseases/Disorders: 1. _____________________________ - inflammatory disease where fatty myelin sheaths are damaged; nerve cells in brain & spinal cord do not work properly; causes numbness, difficulty moving, speech impairment, etc. 2. ____________________ - loss of muscle function in 1 or more muscles which can cause loss of feeling in affected area 3. ____________________ - traumatic brain injury with temporary loss of brain function; 3 causes headaches, feeling hazy, emotional changes, etc. 16 Nervous System Pictures Muscular System Notes 3 Types of Muscle Tissue: 1. _____________________ a. Attaches to skeleton (moves ____________ ) b. Striations and under ______________________ control 2. ____________________ a. Lines digestive tract; moves food through body b. No striations and under ____________________ control 3. ____________________ a. Pumps heart b. Striations and under _____________________ control Functions/Roles: 1. _______________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________ Connective Tissue Involved: - _____________________ - connects ____________ to ________________ Diseases/Disorders: 1. ____________________________ - group of muscle diseases that weaken musculoskeletal system and decrease locomotion 2. _______________ - painful sensations; commonly causes by muscle fatigue, buildup of lactic acid, low sodium/potassium 3. _______________ - injury to muscle or tendon where muscle fibers tears as result of overstretching (pulled muscle) 15 4 Skeletal System Pictures Excretory System Notes Major Organs/Parts Involved: 1. _________________ - filter blood of liquid waste; regulation pH and blood pressure (salt & H2O balance) 2. _________________ - muscular tube that carries urine from kidneys to urinary bladder 3. ________________________ - organ that collects urine 4. _________________ - connects urinary bladder with genitals 5. ________________________ - carries blood to kidneys 6. ________________________ - carries blood away from kidneys Functions/Roles: 1. ______________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________ Diseases/Disorders: 1. ________________________ - solid mass formed in kidneys due to low fluid intake and high intake of protein, Na, cokes, etc 2. ______________________________ - bacterial infection that affects part of urinary tract; painful urination; often due to excessive sexual intercourse 3. __________________ - process for removing waste and excess H2O; artificial replacement for lost kidney function/renal failure Connection: How do digestive, excretory, and circulatory systems work together to transport nutrients and get rid of metabolic waste? 5 14 Excretory Pictures Skeletal System Notes Functions/Roles: 1. ______________________ - provides framework & gives shape 2. ______________________ - protects vital organs (brain, heart, etc) 3. ________________________________ - occurs in bone marrow 4. _______________ - stores calcium in bones & iron in bone marrow 2 Regions: 1. __________________________________ - Contains skull, vertebral column, and rib cage 2. __________________________________ - Contains upper & lower limbs and pelvis Connective Tissue Involved: - ________________________ - connects _____________ to _____________ Other vocab: 1. ____________________ - place where 2 or more bones meet Diseases/Disorders: 1. _______________________ - cancer of blood or bone marrow; abnormal production of white blood cells 2. ________________________ - disease of bones; bones losing density and easily fracture (break) 3. _________________ - break in bone tissue; several types: Incomplete (hairline fracture) & Complete (bone broken completely) 4. _________________ - medical condition where spine is curved 13 6 Circulatory System Pictures Digestive System Notes Major Organs/Parts Involved: 1. ________________ - digestion starts here 2. ________________ - used to breakdown food 3. ________________ - used for chewing, speaking, & tasting 4. _______________________ - produces saliva; secretes amylase which breaks down starch 5. ___________________ - muscular tube that pushes food from pharynx to stomach 6. _________________ - muscular organ where digestion continues; very acidic (HCl inhibits/kills bacteria); proteases digest protein 7. _______________ - makes bile; aids in fat digestion 8. __________________________ - stores bile; aids in fat digestion 9. _______________________ - secretes pancreatic juices which aid in absorption of nutrients & digestion in small intestine 10. __________________________ - much digestion & absorption of food occurs here 11. __________________________ - much absorption of H 2O occurs here 12. ________________ - bottom portion of large intestine 13. ___________________ - finger-like projections found in small intestine to increase surface area for more absorption Functions/Roles: 1. ____________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________ Other vocab: 1. ____________________ - chewing Connection: Using pages 7-10 in booklet, how do circulatory and respiratory systems work together in gas exchange? 7 2. ____________________ - movement of food through digestive system by contracting smooth muscles Diseases/Disorders 1. ___________________ - stomach acid comes up into esophagus causing burning sensation 12 Digestive System Pictures Circulatory System Notes Major Organs/Parts Involved: 1. _____________ - pumps blood - 4 Chambers: ________________ (top) & ________________ (bottom) 2. ____________________ - transports blood a. __________________ - carries blood AWAY from heart b. __________________ - carries blood TOWARDS heart c. __________________ - site of gas exchange (O2, CO2) 3. ________________ - organ that recycles red blood cells & storages blood 4. ________________ - bodily fluid that transports nutrients/waste a. ____________________ - aka Red Blood Cells; delivers O2 b. ____________________ - aka White Blood Cells; fight diseases and foreign pathogens c. ____________________ - aka Platelets; blood clotting d. ________________ - liquid portion of blood Functions/Roles: 1. _________________ - move nutrients, gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. 2. _________________________ - stabilize body temperature & pH 4 Blood Types: ____, ____, ____ (universal recipient), and ____ (universal donor) Pathway of Blood Vena Cava Right Atrium Right Ventricle Pulmonary Artery Lungs Pulmonary Vein Left Atrium Left Ventricle Aorta Arteries Capillaries (Body Cells) Veins Vena Cava Diseases/Disorders: 1. ____________________ - interruption of blood supply to part of heart, causing heart cells to die; caused by blockage of coronary artery (plaque) 2. _______________________ - genetic blood disorder; RBC’s are sickle shaped due to mutation of hemoglobin; blood clots easily 11 3. _______________________ - pathologic heart sounds due to turbulent blood flow 8 Respiratory System Pictures Respiratory Notes Major Organs/Parts Involved: 1. ______________________ - site of air intake 2. _____________________ - connects mouth/nose to larynx 3. _____________________ - voice box 4. ____________________ - windpipe; C-shaped cartilage rings to hold open 5. ____________________ - thin covering over larynx to prevent food from getting in windpipe 6. ____________________ - left & right; passageway of air to lungs 7. ____________________ - left & right; lead air into lungs 8. ____________________ - muscle underneath ribcage; functions in breathing 9. ____________________ - air sac; site of gas exchange with blood Functions/Roles: 1. _____________________ - O2 in & CO2 out Diseases/Disorders: 1. ______________ - inflammation of airway; hard to breathe Alveoli 2. ________________ - lung disease; causes shortness of breath; most often caused by tobacco smoking 3. _____________________ - incision (cut) in trachea & inserting tube in trachea allowing person to breathe without use of mouth 4. _______________________ - genetic disorder mostly affecting lungs; abnormal transport of Na & Cl across epithelium leading to thick secretions; causes chest 9 infections, shortness of breath, etc. 10