Download Study Guide Chapter 15 Biology 160 Study suggestions for this

Study Guide Chapter 15
Biology 160
Study suggestions for this chapter: In the textbook at the end of the chapter, the sections entitled 1)
Highlighting the Concepts, 2) Recognizing Key Terms, and 3) Reviewing the Concepts are all good for you to
gauge your comprehension and focus your study efforts.
Study Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is the overall function of the digestive system?
What are the major organs of the GI tract?
What are the accessory organs of the GI tract?
Assume you are starting in the lumen of the GI tract. As you move out through the tissue layers of the
GI tract, in what order would you encounter the following: serosa, submucosa, muscularis (longitudinal
and circular layers), and mucosa?
5. What are sphincters and what is their function?
6. Distinguish between peristalsis and segmentation. What (from a digestion perspective) is accomplished
by these actions?
7. What happens (from a digestion perspective) in the oral cavity?
8. Where in the GI tract does chemical digestion of food begin and what is the name of the relevant
enzyme? What is the specific action of this enzyme?
9. What are the functions of saliva?
10. Most adults have either 28 or 32 permanent teeth. What is probably the most common reason for this
variation in number?
11. What layer of the tooth protects the dentin? What is this layer composed of?
12. From the pharynx, what are the three "travel options" (i.e. destinations where things can go) for food?
Which one is the desired pathway?
13. Describe the swallowing reflex. Your response should include the following terms: pharynx, soft
palate, epiglottis, tongue, esophagus, larynx, and windpipe (trachea).
14. What is "choking" and how does an action such as coughing or the Heimlich Maneuver help resolve this
problem?
15. What are the main functions of the stomach?
16. Describe the contents and functions of the components of gastric juice.
17. Define the term “chyme”. In what region of the gastrointestinal tract is chyme formed?
18. What is the name of the sphincter that regulates the movement of food out of the stomach?
19. What is the duodenum?
20. Answer the following questions about the chemical compound bicarbonate: What organ secretes it?
What is its function? Why is a change in pH necessary?
21. What is the function of the gallbladder? What nutrient class does its contents help process? Where does
it release its secretion?
22. Describe the process of emulsification and explain why this process is necessary. Is this process
classified as physical and/or chemical digestion?
23. What is the function of the circular folds, villi, and microvilli found in the small intestine?
24. Describe the various mechanisms of absorption in the small intestine.
25. What are "chylomicrons?" Why are these complexes necessary for transporting fats? Your response
should include the terms polar and non-polar. What system transports them after they have been
absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells?
26. What is/are the primary function(s) of the large intestine in digestion?
27. Arrange the following structural components/regions into the order that they would be encountered when
moving from the ileum to the anus: ascending colon, rectum, sigmoid colon, cecum, transverse colon,
anal canal, and appendix.