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Download Lab 4: Simple Animals
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Goals 1. Understand the categories of animal attributes • Lab Exercise 4 Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Organization in Animals • Cellular level: Random assembly of cells • Tissue level: Cells connected to form distinct tissues • Organ level: Tissues connected to form organs Level of Complexity, Symmetry, Embryological Development 2. Differentiate between phyla (Gut type, life cycles, anatomy) 3. Identify the main parts of Porifera anatomy 4. Distinguish between the Classes of Cnidarians and contrast the differences (Life cycle & Anatomy differences) 5. Name basic organs and most common Classes in Platyhelminthes on sight (Anatomy) 6. Recognize the embryological origins of major tissues in all three phyla Levels of Biological Organization • Organ system level – All more advanced organisms – Multiple organ systems working together form an complex organism 1 Biological Symmetry • Radial Symmetry Biological Symmetry • Bilateral Symmetry – Body can be divided into mirror image halves through the center – Body is divisible into left and right halves by a single plane only – Examples – Examples • Mature Cnidarians Biological Symmetry • Flatworms • Arthropods • Vertebrates Embryonic Development • Asymmetry – Body cannot be divided to produce mirror image halves Cell Cleavage – Example • Porifera Blastula Gastrula 2 Gastrula Phylum Porifera Gastrula (Triploblastic) Gastrula (Diploblastic) Ectoderm • Asymmetrical Endoderm • No digestive tissueabsorbs particles from water Mesoderm ArchenteronSpace within endoderm Blastopore • Diploblastic Blastopore Archenteron: becomes adult digestive tract Blastopore: becomes the mouth or anus Phylum Porifera Phylum Porifera— 3 Body Plans Asconoid Syconoid Leuconoid Ostium • • • • • • Ostium Choanocytes Amoebocyte Spicules Spongocoel Osculum 3 Phylum Cnidaria Cnidaria - body plan • Characteristics – Radial symmetry – Cnidocytes – Simple nerve net – Life cycle alternates between two forms • Medusa • Polyp Polyp Cnidocyte Operculum Cnidocil Cnidocyte Medusa Class Hydrozoa - Hydras • Polyps are the mature form • Individuals or colonies Nematocyst • Portuguese Man-owar special colony 4 Class Scyphozoa: Jellyfish Class Hydrozoa - Hydras • Marine Mesoglea • Prey on zooplankton • You will observe Hydra feeding on Daphnia Gastric pouch Gonad • Medusas: dominant life form • Aurelia – Look at locomotion Tentacles Ectoderm Endoderm Oral arms http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kukv0AtIVdU Class Anthozoa • Anemones and corals • Most complex cnidarians • Always polyps • Symbiosis with dinoflagellates 5 Class Anthozoa - Anemones Phylum Platyhelminthes- Flat worms • Triploblastic pharynx • Bilateral Symmetry • Organs coelentron basal • Sac-like gut • Acoelmate – No cavity http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/anemone.gif Class Turbellaria Planarian cross-section Class Turbellaria– Planarian spp. • Free living Ectoderm • Cephalization- Mesoderm Pharyngeal cavity Pharynx Endoderm Gut – You can see where you are going – Brain center- coordinate movement • Bilateral Symmetry = efficient movement Gut Lumen of the pharynx Parenchyma 6 Class Trematoda- Flukes • Life cycle with multiple hosts Class Cestoda- Tapeworms • Thin, ribbon-like • Sections = proglottids • Parasites – Opisthorchis sinensis- Human liver fluke • Parasites • Single Host • Monoecious • Self-Fertilizing Class Hydrazoa Class Scyphozoa Gonangia Hydranth 7 Class Trematoda • Life cycle with multiple hosts 8
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