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Generator PhET Lab Name: ____________________________ http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/generator Answer on your own paper. Procedure 1: A. Instructions: <run> lab and click on the top left tab labeled magnet. B.Follow the directions to answer the following questions: 1)Click on the <see inside magnet> button. Draw what you see below. 2)What do you think it would look like if you cut the magnet in half? Draw your hypothesis. 3)Move the pointer onto the bar magnet and hold down the left mouse button to move the magnet. The needles around the magnet show the effects of the magnetic field. Which part of the magnet is the strongest, the poles or the center? The poles are the strongest part of a magnet. 4)Slide the <Strength> bar all the way to the right. What happens to the field when you increase the magnet’s strength? The stronger the magnet the larger the magnetic field. 5)Move the magnet to the compass. Which part of the needle is attracted to the magnet? Which part of the needle is repelled? Opposite needles and poles are attracted while the same needles and poles are repelled. 6)Click on the <flip polarity> button. What happens to the magnet? What do you think polarity means? The poles change. Polarity means the alignment of the domains which results in whether the pole is north or south. Now bring the magnet to the compass. Which part of the needle is attracted to the magnet? Which part of the needle is repelled? Opposite needles and poles are attracted while the same needles and poles are repelled. C. Click on the top right tab labeled <pickup coil>. This is more commonly called a solenoid. Follow the directions and answer the questions. 1)Reduce the number of loops to one. The loops are wires and the dots are electrons. What happens to the electrons when you move the magnet close to the loop? The electrons move because they are attracted or repelled by the magnet. 2)Move the magnet back and forth through the loop as fast as possible. What happens? The movement of the magnet moves the electrons fast enough to create electricity. 3)Increase the number of loops to two. What happens when you move the magnet back and forth through the loops? How does this compare with a single loop? The magnet does not have to move as quickly to create the same amount of electricity. It is easier to create electricity. 4)Increase the number of loops to three. What happens when you move the magnet back and forth through the loops? How does this compare with two loops? The magnet does not have to move as quickly to create the same amount of electricity. It is easier to create electricity. 5)What affect do magnets have on electrons? Magnets attract and repel electrons. D. Click on the tab labeled <electromagnet>. An electromagnet is simply an electrical source pushing electrons through a wire. Follow the directions and answer the questions. 1)Draw the electromagnetic field around the electromagnet. How does this compare with the magnetic field around a magnet? Where is the field the strongest? The magnetic field for an electric magnet is very similar to a bar magnet. The fields are strongest at the poles. 2)Move the magnet close to the compass. What happens? The opposite needle is attracted to the poles. 3)Increase the number of loops on the electromagnet. What happens to the magnetic field? The more loops a solenoid or electromagnet have, the stronger the magnet. The magnetic field increases in size with the strength of the electromagnetic. 4)Slide the <10 v> to the left of the DC cell. What happens to the magnetic field? Why do you think this happened. The magnetic field changes polarity because the electrons are moving in the opposite direction. 5)Click on the <AC Current Source>. What happens to the path of the electrons? How does this affect the magnetic field? The electrons begin to move back and forth changing the magnetic field as it alternates. E. Click on the tab labeled <generator>. 1)What steps do you think you will need to take to get the light bulb to turn on? 1. Turn on the water 2. Which turns the magnet (turbine) 3. Which makes the electrons move back and forth creating electricity and turning on the light bulb. 2)Turn on the water by sliding the button on the faucet just a bit. Describe what happens to the magnet, to the electrons, to the light AND to the compass. The magnet begins to turn which attracts and repels the magnet in the compass. The electrons making them move through the wire creating electricity. 3)Click on <show field>. Draw what you see. The domains move back and forth with the magnet and the electrons. 4)Increase the flow of the water. How does this affect the magnet, the electrons and the light? The increased water makes the magnet turn faster and the electrons move faster creating more electricity so the light burns brighter. 5)What do you think a generator is from this exploratory? A generator includes a moving magnet and a solenoid to create electricity. 6) What do you think will happen if you increase the number of loops on the solenoid? It will be easier to create more electricity due to the larger amount of electrons near the magnet. 7)Increase the turbine. What do you think the turbine is from your observation? A turbine is a moving magnet used to create electricity.