Download Endocrine Control

Homeostasis is dependent on
and nervous control
(b) Signaling by neurons
STIMULUS
Cell body
of neuron
Nerve
impulse
Axon
Signal travels
to a specific
location.
Nerve
impulse
Axons
Response
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(a) Signaling by hormones
STIMULUS
Endocrine
cell
Hormones
-molecules
produced by
endocrine glands,
enter
blood and have
effect on target
cells
Hormone
Signal
travels
everywhere.
Blood
vessel
Response
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Peptide based hormones
Use signal transduction pathways
Utilize second messengers
Steroid hormones
Thyroid gland
Pineal gland
Thyroid hormone (T3 and T4 )
Calcitonin
Melatonin
Parathyroid glands
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Adrenal glands (atop kidneys)
Adrenal medulla
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Posterior pituitary
Oxytocin
Vasopressin, also
called antidiuretic
hormone (ADH )
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Adrenal cortex
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Ovaries (in females)
Estrogens
Progesterone
Testes (in males)
Androgens
Anterior pituitary
Follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing
hormone (LH)
Thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH)
Prolactin
Growth hormone (GH)
Melanocyte-stimulating
hormone (MSH)
Pancreas
Insulin
Glucagon
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Simple endocrine pathway Example: secretin signaling
Low pH in
duodenum
STIMULUS
Endocrine
cell
Negative feedback
Hormone
S cells of duodenum
Secretin ( )
Circulation
via blood
Target
cells
RESPONSE
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Pancreatic cells
Bicarbonate release
Some hormones work in
antagonistic pairs
ex: insulin / glucagon
calcitonin / PTH
Neuroendocrine signaling
involves the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland
Simple neuroendocrine pathway
Example: oxytocin signaling
Suckling
STIMULUS
Positive feedback
Neurosecretory
cell
Hypothalamus
Posterior
pituitary
Hormone
Blood
vessel
Oxytocin ( )
Circulation
throughout
body via
blood
Target
cells
RESPONSE
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Smooth muscle in
mammary glands
Milk release