Download FEUDALISM and the MANOR SYSTEM

FEUDALISM
and the MANOR SYSTEM
EUROPE
(7th to 13th Century)
JAPAN
(11th to 19th Century)
ORIGINS OF FEUDAL SYSTEM in EUROPE
FALL OF ROME
Decline of Cities
• Destroyed by Invaders
• Disruption of Trade
• Migration of People
Changes in Government
Private Jurisdictions Develop
• Loss of Central Authority
• Decay of Roman Authority
• Distrust in Roman Aristocracy
• Germans claim conquered lands
• Increased Loyalty to Tribal Leaders
• Local Fiefs established
ORIGINS OF FEUDAL SYSTEM in EUROPE
RISE of NEW KINGDOMS
Feudal Relationships Grow
• Tribal Leaders grant lands to Loyal Warriors
 Charles the Simple Of France
 Granted Lands in Normandy
 to King Rollo of the Vikings
• Neighboring Lords create Marriage Alliances
• Land Dowries are granted to Daughter’s husband
 Yaroslav the Wise of the Rus married off his daughters
 Elizabeth of Kiev to King Harald III of Norway
 Anastasia of Kiev to King Andrew I of Hungary
 Anne of Kiev to King Henry I of France
 Agatha of Kiev to Edward the Exile of England
ORIGINS OF FEUDAL SYSTEM in EUROPE
New Invaders Threaten Europe
• Norsemen (Vikings) from the North
• Saracens & Moors (Muslims) from the South & East
• Magyars and Tartars from the East
ORIGINS OF FEUDAL
SYSTEM IN JAPAN
RESULTS OF THE
TAIKA REFORMS
• Nobles earned trust
of the Emperor
• Emperors granted
Shoens (Tax Free
lands) to Loyal Nobles
• Noble Daughters
married crown princes
OUTSIDE THREATS
• Mongols attempt to Invade
• Loyal Nobles
received high ranking
government positions
• Warrior class created Military Society
• Samurai gained control of Government
FEUDAL SOCIETY IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE
System of Land
Tenure based
on the
Foundations of:
• Land
• Loyalty
• Service
• Kings and Royalty
(Political Authority)
• Barons and Bishops
(Land Managers)
• Knights and Nobles
(Feudal Defenders)
• Artisans and Merchants
• Villains and Serfs
(Economists)
(Food Producers)
FEUDAL SOCIETY IN
JAPAN
System of Land Tenure based
on the Foundations of:
• Land
• Loyalty
• Service
• Emperor
(Divine Authority)
• Shogun
(Military Authority)
• Daimyos
(Land Managers)
• Samurai
(Feudal Defenders)
• Peasants
(Food Producers)
• Artisans and Merchants
FEUDAL OBLIGATIONS IN BOTH SOCIETIES
• COMMENDATION OF LANDS
Rulers (Kings or Emperors) entrust the care
and preservation of lands to loyal lords
• OATHS OF FEALTY
Feudal Lords required vassals to take Oaths
of Fealty to be faithful in their obligations of
serve to their lord & preservation of the realm
• SURETIES
Legal liabilities, debts or duties owed to a
Feudal Lord or Kings (expressed or implied)
• AIDS and MIZES
A tangible subsidy (means of assistance)
provided to a King or Lord to assist in the
maintenance of the feudal fief or manor
FEUDAL ESTATE
(FIEF or SHOEN)
Self-Sufficient Economic
Foundation of the Feudal
System
• CASTLE or DONJON = Central Fortification and Home of the Noble Lord
• MANOR VILLAGE = Economic Center of the Feudal Fief or Shoen
• CHURCH or TEMPLE = Spiritual Center of the Feudal Manor or Shoen
• WORKSHOPS and MILL = Producers of Crafts and Processed Goods
• FIELDS and PASTURES = Primary Producers of Food for the Manor or Shoen
FEUDAL CASTLE
or DONJON
Primary Defensive System
of the Manor or Shoen
STANDARD STRUCTURE of the CASTLE (DONJON)
• Moat (Usually not filled with water)
• Bridge or Drawbridge
• Gatehouse or Barbican (GuardHouse)
• Outer Bailey (Outer Ward or Compound)
• Inner Bailey (Inner Ward or Compund)
• Castle Keep or Donjon (Nobles Residence)
CASTLES OF
MEDIEVAL
EUROPE
JAPANESE
FEUDAL
CASTLES
(DONJON)
EUROPE’S FEUDAL DEFENDERS
KNIGHTS
• Nobles by Birth
• Usually the 2nd Son
• Heavy Cavalry
• Code of Chivalry
ARCHERS
• Middle Class
• Medieval Artillery
FOOT SOLDIERS
• Lower Class
• Medieval Infantry
SAMURAI
• Noble By Birth
• All sons trained in the ways of the
Warrior
• “Bushido” as the Code of Honor
• Service based on honor & loyalty
RONIN
• Samurai who are
without a Lord and
Master
• Usually serve as
Archers or Foot
Soldiers
• Professional soldiers
paid for services
WARRIOR’S CODE
CHIVALRY
BUSHIDO
Knightly Virtues
and Service to
Others
Selfless Service
through the
“Way of the Warrior”
The Chivalric Virtues
• Prowess (Excellence in all endeavors)
• Justice (Seek the path of righteousness)
The Virtues of Bushido
• Gi – Righteous Justice
• Loyalty (Unwavering commitment)
• Yu – Courage (Bravery)
• Defense (Protect All regardless of status)
• Jin – Benevolence (Charity)
• Courage (Brave and Truthful in all things)
• Rei – Respect (Dignity)
• Faith (Steadfast in his beliefs and God)
• Makoto - Honesty (Fidelity)
• Humility (Modest and gentle spoken)
• Largesse (Charitable and generous to all)
• Nobility (Holding to all the knight’s virtues)
• Franchise (Selfless service without reward)
• Meiyo - Honor (Integrity)
• Chugi – Loyalty (Devotion)