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Grade 5 Integrated Social Studies/English Language Arts Curriculum The Western Hemisphere: Unit 1 Geography Unit 1: GeoTrekkers in the Western Hemisphere Glossary adapt archipelago bay to change in order to fit new conditions a group or chain of islands clustered together in a sea or ocean an inlet of a body of water (as the sea) that is usually smaller than a gulf biome bodies of water a major type of ecological community all the different sizes and shapes of water naturally found on the Earth’s surface. Oceans, seas, bays, lakes, rivers, and ponds are examples of bodies of water. the location where one place touches another place at the boundary north, south, east, and west. southern part of North America extending from southern border of Mexico to northwestern Colombia local weather conditions of an area like temperature, precipitation, humidity, sunshine, wind and other conditions. the land next to the ocean ways people send and receive messages thereby linking people and places. a symbol that shows the directions: north, south, east, and west trees that always maintain either leaves or needles at all seasons of the year a very large body of land the point on a map or globe where a line of latitude and longitude cross. trees whose leaves fall off at the end of a season the unit of measurement used for lines of latitude and longitude a low, watery land formed at the mouth of a river. It is formed from the silt, sand and small rocks that flow downstream in the river and are deposited in the delta. A delta is often (but not always) shaped like a triangle (hence its name, delta, a Greek letter that is shaped like a triangle). an area with less than ten inches of rain per year and a rocky, sandy surface the half of Earth east of the Prime Meridian the geographic characteristics that surround and affect the way people live. interests people have about the care of the natural environment. an area where coniferous and deciduous trees are the most dominant plant. Deciduous trees shed their leaves in the fall. Coniferous trees include trees that have pinecones, such as fir and spruce. things that distinguish one place from another. These are divided into two groups. border cardinal directions Central America climate coast communication compass rose coniferous trees continent coordinate deciduous trees degrees delta desert eastern hemisphere environment environment concerns/issues forest geographic characteristics Putnam/Northern Westchester BOCES: Grade 5 Integrated Social Studies/English Language Arts Curriculum Page 1 Revised 7/19/2008 Grade 5 Integrated Social Studies/English Language Arts Curriculum The Western Hemisphere: Unit 1 Geography geography study of Earth and how people live on Earth and use its resources grasslands flat or rolling areas of land covered with grasses If located in North America, they are called prairies. In South America they are called pampas. grid system the pattern of lines that help locate places on a map or globe; for example, latitude and longitude. gulf a large body of water that cuts deep into the land hemisphere half of the globe or half of Earth. The four hemispheres are Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western. human characteristics describe the people of the place past or present, their human-made features (buildings, etc.), languages, religions, economic activities, and political systems. human/environmental explains how people live in their environment interaction human-made features changes people have made to the land. These changes include buildings, bridges, tunnels, railroad tracks, dams, monuments, piers, farm fields. intermediate directions directions between the cardinal directions: northeast, southeast, southwest, northwest. island an area of land surrounded by water and smaller than a continent isthmus a narrow strip of land connecting two larger landmasses. An isthmus has water on two sides. lake a large inland body of standing water; also: a pool of liquid (as oil or pitch) landform map a map that shows the shape of the land, such as mountains and hills landforms the different shapes of Earth’s surface. Mountains, hills, plateaus, plains, valleys, peninsulas, and islands are examples of landforms. Latin America the entire Western Hemisphere south of the United States. latitude/longitude imaginary lines on a map or globe that measure distance north and south of the Equator and distance east and west of the prime meridian. legend/key explains the meaning of the symbols on the map. map a graphic model of the earth or a part of the earth that is drawn on a flat surface. map author the person or company that created the map map date the year in which the map was made. map elements the parts of a map that make it usable. map title the heading of the map that tells what the map shows. marsh an area of soft wet land usually overgrown by grasses migrate/migration/immigration to move from one country or region to another with the intent of staying at the place for a long period of time. modify to change to meet the wants of people. mountains a land form that is very high and steep. They usually are wide at the bottom and rise to a narrow peak or ridge. Geographers classify a mountain as land that rises at least 2000 feet above sea level. A number of mountains next to each other make up a mountain range. Putnam/Northern Westchester BOCES: Grade 5 Integrated Social Studies/English Language Arts Curriculum Page 2 Revised 7/19/2008 Grade 5 Integrated Social Studies/English Language Arts Curriculum The Western Hemisphere: Unit 1 Geography natural environment the physical setting of a place including the land, air, water, plants, and animals. North America continent comprising Greenland, United States, Mexico, Central America northern hemisphere the half of Earth north of the Equator ocean a large body of saltwater peninsula a piece of land nearly surrounded by water or sticking out into the water physical characteristics describe the natural environment of the place. They include physical features (landforms and bodies of water), weather and climate, soil, vegetation, and animal life. physical map a map that shows landforms plains large areas of flat lands plateau high, flat land political map a map that shows location and borders of countries, and communities population growth the increase in the number of people living in a place due to migration, immigration and/or births. Prime Meridian the line of longitude from the South Pole to the North Pole measured in degrees. It divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres. province an administrative district or division of a country rainforest a dense, either tropical or temperate forest that receives lots of rain year round region an area that has one or more geographic characteristics in common, such as the Amazon Rain Forest. relative distance the approximate distance of a place in relationship to other places (i.e. near and far). resources things people can use, such as oil, lumber, and water that come from nature scale the measurement on a map or globe that shows the distance between places. settlement the arrangement of places where people live, including rural and urban centers. South America continent comprising land from Panama to Cape Horn southern hemisphere the half of the Earth south of the Equator strait a narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water symbols the pictures, shapes, or colors on a map that stand for objects, places, or people. technology Skills, methods, tools, machines and other things used to perform activities. Technology changes over time and affects the way we live, work, and play. transportation way goods and people move from place to place thereby linking communities. tropics the area on the earth between the 23 ½ degrees N and 23 ½ S lines of latitude, where the climate is almost always hot. tundra a cold, dry region covered with snow for more than half the year; a vast treeless plain where the subsoil is always frozen. Putnam/Northern Westchester BOCES: Grade 5 Integrated Social Studies/English Language Arts Curriculum Page 3 Revised 7/19/2008 Grade 5 Integrated Social Studies/English Language Arts Curriculum The Western Hemisphere: Unit 1 Geography vegetation all the plant life found in an area. western hemisphere the half of the earth comprising North and South America and their surrounding waters west of the Prime Meridian. Putnam/Northern Westchester BOCES: Grade 5 Integrated Social Studies/English Language Arts Curriculum Page 4 Revised 7/19/2008