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Extreme Environments
Ocean
By.Saveena
Why is the ocean an
extreme environment?
The ocean is an extreme environment because of its
characteristics. The ocean's characteristics makes it
hard for scientists to do research on the ocean.
The oceans characteristics.
The oceans characteristics are that it is dark in the
ocean, there is no breathable air for humans, there is a
lot of pressure, and it is hot near the deep vents.
These
characteristics
present a
challenge
because it is too
dark to see
anything. Humans
can not breath
underwater.
Pressure can kill
humans because
of the weight of the
ocean. And the
deep sea vents
can be dangerous
because water
can go through the
Earth's cracks
dissolving metals
an minerals which
can get really hot
near magma.
Why do these characteristics
present a challenge?
What technology is
used to explore the
ocean?
Scientists have invented machines to dive
down in the ocean. Scientists invented
machines because humans can not go deep
enough to collect samples and information.
With machines, scientists can go deeper
down in the ocean to collect more
information about the ocean.
The submarine
Scientists have invented the submarine. The submarine can sink and
rise in and out of the ocean. Subs can go more deep down in the
ocean then humans can go. The way the sub works is that there is a
ballast tank. The ballast tank is filled with air so when the submarine is
going to sink the air is pumped out and the ballast tank fills with water.
The deep worker
The deep worker is small one person submersible. It is designed by
Canadian scientists. The deep worker is so small it is described to
be an underwater sports car. Because it it so small, people are able
to stay longer underwater and go deeper then scuba gear. The
deep worker can take photos and collect samples from underwater.
What type of plants and
animals live deep in the ocean?
There are all sorts of animal that live in the depths of the
deep ocean such as, Frilled Sharks, Spider crabs, Atlantic
Wolffish.
There are all sorts of different plants that live deep down in
the ocean.
Frilled Sharks
Frilled Sharks live deep in the depths of the ocean up to 5,000 feet below the
surface. Frilled Sharks catches it's prey by leaping forward like a snake to get its
prey in its mouth. Thanks to its flexible jaws, the Frilled Sharks can easily grasp its
prey in its mouth. The Frilled Sharks usually feeds on small fish, bony fishes,
Cephalopods, and other small sharks.
Frilled shark have adapted to living in deep water by having a large liver that allows
they to not have to use a lot of energy to not be pushed around by the pressure.
Giant Spider Crabs
Giant spider crabs live in the ocean 50 to 300 meters deep. They can live
to about 100 years old. They feed on algae, molluscs, and other
crustaceans and small fish. Giant Spider Crabs have ten legs. Some Giant
Spider Crabs scrape the ocean floor for their food using its front claws.
Atlantic Wolffish
Atlantic Wolffish live 22-366 metres in the depths of the ocean. They can live in
temperatures in the ranges of -1 to 13 degrees Celsius. Atlantic Wolffish eat starfish,
molluscs, various crustaceans, and the odd redfish. The wolffish uses two types of
teeth to eat its prey. The front teeth are used to capture the prey while the molar-like
teeth are used to crush and grind the prey. The wolffish's predator is a Atlantic cod.
Red algae seaweed
Red algae seaweed has the pigment called
phycoerythrin. Phycoerythrin helps plants
photosynthesize in dim light. This mean the
red algae can grow deeper in the ocean.
Bacteria
Bacteria lives everywhere including deep in the ocean. In some
of the deepest areas in the ocean, bacteria can grow and survive
near hydrothermal vents. Because bacteria can grow there, fish
that eat the bacteria can live near the hydrothermal vents.
References
•
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•
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•
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•
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•
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•
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