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4.6.4 Identification Of Generating Units
Each Participating Generator shall provide data identifying each of its Generating Units and such
information regarding the capacity and the operating characteristics of the Generating Unit as may be
reasonably requested from time to time by the CAISO. Each Participating Generator shall provide
information on its governor setting and certify that it has not inhibited the real power response of any
Generating Unit by any means that would override the governor response except as necessary to
address physical operational constraints for reasons that include ambient temperature limitations,
outages of mechanical equipment or regulatory considerations. In the event there is a need to inhibit the
real power response of any Generating Unit, the Participating Generators shall provide a written
description of this limitation with its certification. All information provided to the CAISO regarding the
operational and technical constraints in the Master File shall be accurate and actually based on physical
characteristics of the resources except for the Pump Ramping Conversion Factor, which is configurable.
4.6.5 NERC and WECC Requirements
4.6.5.1 Participating Generator Performance Standard
Participating Generators shall, in relation to each of their Generating Units, meet all Applicable Reliability
Criteria, including any standards regarding governor response capabilities, use of power system
stabilizers, voltage control capabilities and hourly Energy delivery.
Participating Generators with governor controls that are synchronized to the CAISO Controlled Grid must
respond immediately and automatically outside a deadband in proportion to frequency deviations through
the action of a governor to help restore frequency to the scheduled value. Participating Generators shall
set the governor droop for each Generating Unit with governor controls no higher than 4 percent droop for
combustion turbines and 5 percent droop for other technology types; with a deadband no larger than +/0.036 Hz. Participating Generators will not inhibit the real power response of their Generating Units with
governor controls by any means that would override the governor response except as necessary to
address physical operational constraints for reasons that include ambient temperature limitations,
outages of mechanical equipment or regulatory considerations. For each Generating Unit with governor
controls, Participating Generators shall coordinate all plant control systems, locally or remotely controlled,
so that they include frequency bias to ensure that each Generating Unit can respond immediately and
automatically in proportion to frequency deviations to help restore frequency to the scheduled value.
Unless otherwise agreed by the CAISO, a Generating Unit must be capable of operating at capacity
registered in the CAISO Controlled Grid interconnection data, and shall follow the voltage schedules
issued by the PTO or, from time to time, the CAISO.
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8.2.3.3
Voltage Support
The CAISO shall determine on an hourly basis for each day the quantity and location of Voltage Support
required to maintain voltage levels and reactive margins within NERC and WECC reliability standards,
and any requirements of the NRC using a power flow study based on the quantity and location of
scheduled Demand. The PTO or, from time to time, the CAISO shall issue daily voltage schedules
(Dispatch Instructions) to Participating Generators, Participating TOs and UDCs, which are required to be
maintained for CAISO Controlled Grid reliability. All other Generating Units shall comply with the power
factor requirements set forth in contractual arrangements in effect on the CAISO Operations Date, or, if
no such contractual arrangements exist and the Generating Unit exists within the system of a
Participating TO, the power factor requirements applicable under the Participating TO’s TO Tariff or other
tariff on file with the FERC.
All Participating Generators that operate Asynchronous Generating Facilities subject to the Large
Generator Interconnection Agreement set forth in Appendix BB or CC shall maintain the CAISO specified
voltage schedule if required under Appendix H of the Large Generator Interconnection Agreement, while
operating within the power factor range specified in their interconnection agreements. For all other
Generating Units, Participating Generators shall maintain the CAISO specified voltage schedule at the
Generating Unit terminals to the extent possible, while operating within the power factor range specified in
their interconnection agreements, or, for Regulatory Must-Take Generation with Existing QF Contracts or
Amended QF Contracts, Regulatory Must-Run Generation and Reliability Must-Run Generation,
consistent with existing obligations. For Generating Units that do not operate under one of these
agreements, the minimum power factor range will be within a band of 0.90 lag (producing VARs) and 0.95
lead (absorbing VARs) power factors. Participating Generators with Generating Units existing at the
CAISO Operations Date that are unable to meet this operating power factor requirement may apply to the
CAISO for an exemption. Prior to granting such an exemption, the CAISO shall require the Participating
TO, UDC or other utility to whose system the relevant Generating Units are interconnected to notify it of
the existing contractual requirements for Voltage Support established prior to the CAISO Operations Date
for such Generating Units. Such requirements may be contained in CPUC Electric Rule 21 or the
Interconnection Agreement with the Participating TO, UDC or other utility. The CAISO shall not grant any
exemption under this Section from such existing contractual requirements. The CAISO shall be entitled
to instruct Participating Generators to operate their Generating Units at specified points within their power
factor ranges. Participating Generators shall receive no compensation for operating within these
specified ranges.
If the CAISO requires additional Voltage Support, it shall procure this either through Reliability Must-Run
Contracts or, if no other more economic sources are available, by instructing a Generating Unit to move
its MVar output outside its mandatory range. Only if the Generating Unit must reduce its MW output in
order to comply with such an instruction will it be eligible to recover its opportunity cost in accordance with
Section 11.10.1.4.
All Loads directly connected to the CAISO Controlled Grid shall maintain reactive flow at grid interface
points within a specified power factor band of 0.97 lag to 0.99 lead. Loads shall not be compensated for
the service of maintaining the power factor at required levels within the bandwidth. A UDC
interconnecting with the CAISO Controlled Grid at any point other than a Scheduling Point shall be
subject to the same power factor requirement.
The CAISO will establish voltage control standards with UDCs and the operators of other Balancing
Authority Areas and will enter into operational agreements providing for the coordination of actions in the
event of a voltage problem occurring.
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11.34
Invoice Charges for Transferred Frequency Response
The CAISO will invoice charges as specified in this Section 11.34 for all legitimate costs invoiced to the
CAISO by a Balancing Authority under a contract for Transferred Frequency Response.
11.34.1
Charge Allocation Basis
Each Scheduling Coordinator’s responsibility for the Transferred Frequency Response
charges shall be allocated based on the most recent Scheduling Coordinator’s
NERC/WECC Metered Demand determined under Section 11.20.4.
11.34.2
Calculation and Assessment
(a)
Within five (5) Business Days after receiving an invoice for legitimate Transferred
Frequency Response costs, the CAISO shall issue a market notice setting forth the
Transferred Frequency Response rate, which shall be calculated using the total charges
invoiced to the CAISO divided by the most recent total NERC/WECC Metered Demand
determined under Section 11.20.4.
(b)
The CAISO shall calculate the Transferred Frequency Response charges
allocable to each Scheduling Coordinator by using the Transferred Frequency Response
rate determined under Section 11.34.2(a), multiplied by the most recent NERC/WECC
Metered Demand for that Scheduling Coordinator determined under Section 11.20.4.
(c)
Within 10 Business Days after receiving the invoice for legitimate Transferred
Frequency Response costs, the CAISO shall issue an invoice to each Scheduling
Coordinator for its allocable share of the costs determined under Section 11.34.2(b).
(d)
Scheduling Coordinators shall make timely payment to the CAISO within fifteen (15) Business
Days of the date the invoices were issued pursuant to Section 11.34.2(c).11.34.3
Responsibility
to Pay Charges
(a)
Each Scheduling Coordinator shall be obligated to pay the CAISO the charges
the Scheduling Coordinator is invoiced by the CAISO for Transferred Frequency
Response.
(b)
The CAISO’s calculation of collateral requirements and other credit requirements
under the CAISO Tariff shall include an adjustment for the Scheduling Coordinator’s
allocable share of the charge for transferred Frequency Response, if applicable, except
that the Estimated Aggregated Liability calculated for the Scheduling Coordinator shall
not include extrapolated amounts for the charge under Section 12.1.3.1.1(d).
11.34.4
Validation
(a)
Each Scheduling Coordinator shall have the opportunity to review the terms of
the invoice for the charge for Transferred Frequency Response and shall be deemed to
have validated that invoice unless it raises a dispute within five (5) Business Days of the
date of issuance.
(b)
Once validated, an invoice for the charge under this Section shall be binding on
the Scheduling Coordinator to which it relates.
11.34.5
Disputes and Corrections
(a)
Scheduling Coordinators shall be prohibited from disputing any charge invoiced
under this Section, except on grounds that an error in the invoice is due to a mere
typographical or other ministerial error by the CAISO.
(b)
Any dispute of an invoice on the grounds specified in Section 11.34.5 (a) shall be
submitted and processed in accordance with the dispute procedure related to the
charges for Transferred Frequency Response set forth in the Business Practice
Manual,
(c)
If the CAISO determines that an invoice contains a typographical or other
ministerial error, and the resolution of the dispute makes correction necessary, the
CAISO will issue a corrected invoice within 15 Business Days of the date the initial
invoice was issued.
(d)
Each Scheduling Coordinator that receives an invoice for a charge under this
Section shall pay any net debit and shall be entitled to receive any net credit specified
on a corrected invoice. Payment of any net debit shall be due within 10 business days
of the date the corrected invoice was issued.
11.34.6
Payment Default
(a)
In the event a Scheduling Coordinator defaults on the payment of all or any
portion of the charge invoiced under this Section, the CAISO shall have the right under
Section 11.29.13.3 to enforce the financial security provided by the defaulting Scheduling
Coordinator, and to take any such other action under Sections 11.29.12 or 11.29.13, as
necessary, to obtain payment for the default amount.
(b)
To the extent all or any portion of the default amount remains unpaid, the CAISO:
(1)
may at its discretion issue an invoice for the unpaid portion of the charge
invoiced under this Section; and
(2)
if such invoice is issued for a payment default, shall allocate
responsibility for the unpaid amount to Scheduling Coordinators using the same
allocation basis for the charge as identified in section 11.34.1, but excluding the
CAISO Debtor that has not paid the payment default amount, based on the most
recent data of the allocation basis for the charge.
(c)
Scheduling Coordinators shall make timely payment to the CAISO within 15
Business Days of the date the default invoices were issued pursuant to Section 11.34.6.
11.34.7
Modification to Schedule.
Notwithstanding the provisions in Section 11.34, the CAISO may issue a Market Notice
informing Scheduling Coordinators that the CAISO will implement a temporary
modification to the billing and payment schedule for the charge and setting forth the
reasons for such modification, in which case the modified schedule described in that
Market Notice shall govern.
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34.10 Dispatch Of Energy From Ancillary Services
The CAISO may issue Dispatch Instructions to Participating Generators, Participating Loads, Proxy
Demand Resources, (via communication with the Scheduling Coordinators of Demand Response
Providers) System Units and System Resources contracted to provide Ancillary Services (either procured
through the CAISO Markets, Self-Provided by Scheduling Coordinators, or dispatched in accordance with
the RMR Contract) for the Supply of Energy. During normal operating conditions, the CAISO may
Dispatch those Participating Generators, Participating Loads, Proxy Demand Resources, System Units
and System Resources that have contracted to provide Spinning and Non-Spinning Reserve, except for
those reserves designated as Contingency Only, in conjunction with the normal Dispatch of Energy.
Contingency Only reserves are Operating Reserve capacity that have been designated, either by the
Scheduling Coordinator or the CAISO, as available to supply Energy in the Real-Time only in the event of
the occurrence of an unplanned Outage, a Contingency or an imminent or actual System Emergency.
During normal operating conditions, the CAISO may also elect to designate any reserve not previously
identified as Contingency Only by Scheduling Coordinator as Contingency Only reserves. In the event of
an unplanned Outage, a Contingency or a threatened or actual System Emergency, the CAISO may
dispatch Contingency Only reserves. If Contingency Only reserves are dispatched through the RTCD,
which as described in Section 34.5.2 only Dispatches in the event of a Contingency, such Dispatch and
pricing will be based on the original Energy Bids. If Contingency Only reserves are dispatched in
response to a System Emergency that has occurred because the CAISO has run out of Economic Bids
when no Contingency event has occurred, the RTED will Dispatch such Contingency Only reserves using
maximum Bid prices as provided in Section 39.6.1 as the Energy Bids for such reserves and will set
prices accordingly. If a Participating Generator, Participating Load, System Unit or System Resource that
is supplying Operating Reserve is dispatched to provide Energy, the CAISO shall replace the Operating
Reserve as necessary to maintain NERC and WECC reliability standards, including any requirements of
the NRC. If the CAISO uses Operating Reserve to meet Real-Time Energy requirements, and if the
CAISO needs Operating Reserves to satisfy NERC and WECC reliability standards, including any
requirements of the NRC, the CAISO shall restore the Operating Reserves to the extent necessary to
meet NERC and WECC reliability standards, including any requirements of the NRC through either the
procurement of additional Operating Reserve in the RTM or the Dispatch of other Energy Bids in SCED to
allow the resources that were providing Energy from the Operating Reserve to return to their Dispatch
Operating Point. The Energy Bid Curve is not used by the AGC system when Dispatching Energy from
Regulation. For Regulation Up capacity, the upper portion of the resource capacity from its Regulation
Limit is allocated to Regulation regardless of its Energy Bid Curve. For a resource providing Regulation
Up or Operating Reserves the remaining Energy Bid Curve shall be allocated to any RTM AS Awards in
the following order from higher to lower capacity where applicable: (a) Spinning Reserve; and (b) NonSpinning Reserve. For resources providing Regulation Up, the applicable upper Regulation Limit shall be
used as the basis of allocation if it is lower than the upper portion of the Energy Bid Curve. The
remaining portion of the Energy Bid Curve, if there is any, shall constitute a Bid for RTM Energy. For
Regulation Down capacity, the lower portion of the resource capacity from its applicable Regulation Limit
is allocated to Regulation regardless of its Energy Bid Curve.
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42 Adequacy Of Facilities To Meet Applicable Reliability Criteria
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42.2 Transferred Frequency Response
42.2.1 Procurement of Transferred Frequency Response
If the CAISO concludes that it may be unable to provide sufficient frequency response consistent with
Applicable Reliability Criteria, the CAISO may, acting in accordance with Good Utility Practice,
negotiatecontracts for Transferred Frequency Response. The CAISO will solicit bids for contracts for
Transferred Frequency Response. The CAISO shall select the bids that permit the CAISO to satisfy
Applicable Reliability Criteria at lowest cost consistent with the seller’s capability to provide Transferred
Frequency Response.
42.2.2 Allocation of Transferred Frequency Response Costs Incurred by CAISO
The costs incurred by the CAISO for any contract for Transferred Frequency Response entered into
under Section 42.2.1 are recovered from Scheduling Coordinators pursuant to Section 11.34.
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Appendix A, Master Definitions Supplement
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Transferred Frequency Response
A frequency response performance obligation under Applicable Reliability Criteria expressed in MW/0.1
Hz that a receiving Balancing Authority may acquire under an arrangement whereby another Balancing
Authority increases its performance obligation by the same amount, or that a delivering Balancing
Authority may provide under an arrangement whereby another Balancing Authority reduces its
performance obligation by the same amount. Transferred Frequency Response is a compliance
instrument and there is no exchange of physical services between Balancing Authorities.
Transferred Frequency Response is reported on applicable NERC/WECC forms, and applied consistently
to each reported frequency disturbance event. On these forms, the delivering Balancing Authority
increases its performance obligation and the receiving Balancing Authority decreases its performance
obligation by the same amount.
Transferred Frequency Response may reflect an aggregate amount from multiple contracts.
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Appendix K Ancillary Service Requirements Protocol (ASRP)
PART B
CERTIFICATION FOR SPINNING RESERVE
B1
An Ancillary Service Provider wishing to provide Spinning Reserve as an Ancillary
Service from a resource whether pursuant to a CAISO award or as part of a self-provision
arrangement must meet the following requirements in order to be certified by the CAISO
to provide Spinning Reserve service:
B 1.1
the rated capacity of the resource must be 500 KW or greater (i.e. the resource must be
capable of providing at least 500 KW of Spinning Reserve) unless the resource is
participating in an aggregation arrangement approved by the CAISO;
B 1.2
For a resource with a governor, the resource must respond immediately and
automatically in proportion to frequency deviations to help restore frequency to the
scheduled value in accordance with the following requirements:
Minimum Governor Performance:
a. 5 percent droop (4 percent droop in the case of combustion turbines);
b. +/- 0.036 Hz deadband;
c.
Power output changes in one second for any frequency deviation outside of the
deadband;d.
Participating Generators will not inhibit the real power response of their
Generating Units with governor controls by any means that would override the governor
response except as necessary to address physical operational constraints for reasons
that include ambient temperature limitations, outages of mechanical equipment or
regulatory considerations; and
e. For each Generating Unit with governor controls, Participating Generators shall
coordinate all plant control systems, locally or remotely controlled, so that they include
frequency bias to ensure that each Generating Unit can respond immediately and
automatically in proportion to frequency deviations to help restore frequency to the
scheduled value.
For a resource without a governor but with a frequency responsive control system, the
resource must respond immediately and automatically in proportion to frequency
deviations to help restore frequency to the scheduled value in accordance with the
following requirements:
Minimum Frequency Responsive Device Performance:
a. If frequency is less than or equal to 59.92 Hz, the resource must reach ten (10) percent of
its awarded spinning capacity within eight (8) seconds; and
b. The resources must change the power it delivers or consumes in one (1) second if
system frequency is less than or equal to 59.92 Hz
B 1.3
the operator of the resource must have a means of receiving Dispatch Instructions to
initiate an increase or decrease in real power (MW) within one (1) minute of the CAISO
Control Center determination that Energy from Spinning Reserve capacity must be
dispatched;
B 1.4
the resource must be able to increase or decrease its real power (MW) by the maximum
amount of Spinning Reserve to be offered within ten (10) minutes and be capable of
maintaining its real power for thirty (30) minutes from the time the resource reaches its
award capacity;
B 1.5
CAISO approved voice communications services must be in place to provide both
primary and alternate voice communication between the CAISO Control Center and the
operator controlling the resource; and
B 1.6
The communication system and the resource must pass a qualification test to
demonstrate the overall ability to meet the performance requirements of the ASRP for
Spinning Reserve.
B2
An Ancillary Service Provider wishing to be considered for certification for Spinning
Reserve service by the CAISO must make a written request to the CAISO, giving details
of the technical capability of the resource concerned and identifying the Scheduling
Coordinator through whom the Ancillary Service Provider intends to offer Spinning
Reserve service. The Ancillary Service Provider shall at the same time send a copy of its
request to that Scheduling Coordinator. Technical review request forms will be available
from the CAISO.
B3
No later than one week after receipt of the request, the CAISO shall provide the Ancillary
Service Provider with a listing of acceptable communication options and interface
equipment options for Spinning Reserve. The CAISO shall send a copy of the listing to
the Ancillary Service Provider’s Scheduling Coordinator.
B4
The Ancillary Service Provider may elect to implement any of the approved options
defined by the CAISO, and, if it wishes to proceed with its request for certification, shall
give written notice to the CAISO of its selected communication option, with a copy to its
Scheduling Coordinator.
B5
When it receives the Ancillary Service Provider notice, the CAISO shall notify the
Ancillary Service Provider and the Scheduling Coordinator in writing no later than two
weeks after receipt of the notice confirming receipt of the notice and issuing provisional
approval of the selected options. Upon receipt of the CAISO acknowledgment, the
Ancillary Service Provider may proceed as indicated below to secure the necessary
facilities and capabilities required.
B6
The Ancillary Service Provider may also propose alternatives that it believes may provide
an equivalent level of control for consideration by the CAISO. Such proposals shall be in
writing and contain sufficient detail for the CAISO to make a determination of suitability.
The CAISO may request additional information, if required, to assist in its evaluation of
the proposal.
B7
The CAISO shall respond by accepting the alternative proposal, rejecting the alternative
proposal, or suggesting modifications to the alternative proposal. Such acceptance,
rejection, or suggested revision must be provided not later than six weeks after the
proposal is received by the CAISO. The Ancillary Service Provider and the CAISO shall
keep the Scheduling Coordinator informed of this process by each sending to the
Scheduling Coordinator a copy of any written communication which it sends to the other.
B8
Upon agreement as to the method of communication and control to be used by the
resource, the CAISO shall provisionally approve the Ancillary Service Provider’s proposal
in writing providing a copy to the resource’s Scheduling Coordinator at the same time.
The Ancillary Service Provider may then proceed to procure and install the equipment
and make arrangements for the required communication.
B9
Design, acquisition, and installation of the resource’s equipment shall be under the
control of the respective Ancillary Service Provider. The CAISO shall bear no cost
responsibility or functional responsibility for such equipment. The CAISO shall be
responsible for the design, acquisition and installation of any necessary modifications to
its own equipment at its own cost.
B 10
The Ancillary Service Provider shall perform its own testing of its equipment to ensure
that the control system performs to meet the CAISO requirements.
B 11
When it is satisfied that its plant, equipment and communication systems meet the
CAISO’s requirements, the Ancillary Service Provider shall request in writing that the
CAISO conduct a certification test with a suggested primary date and time and at least
two alternative dates and times. The CAISO shall, within two Business Days of receipt of
the request, accept a proposed time if possible or suggest at least three alternatives to
the Ancillary Service Provider. If the CAISO responds by suggesting alternatives, the
Ancillary Service Provider shall, within two Business Days of receipt of the CAISO’s
response, respond in turn by accepting a proposed alternative if possible or suggesting at
least three alternatives, and this procedure shall continue until agreement is reached on
the date and time of the test. The Ancillary Service Provider shall inform its Scheduling
Coordinator of the agreed date and time of the test.
B 12
Testing shall be performed under the direction of the CAISO. Such tests shall include,
but not be limited to, the following:
B 12.1
confirmation of control communication path performance for Dispatch Instruction;
B 12.2
confirmation of primary and secondary voice circuits for receipt of Dispatch Instructions;
B 12.3
confirmation of the resource performance to include changing the resource’s real power
over the range of Spinning Reserve proposed from minimum to maximum, and at
different rates of change from the minimum to the maximum permitted by the design of
the resource; and
B 12.4
testing the resource’s governor or other control system performance characteristics by
simulating frequency excursions outside the allowed deadband and measuring the
response of the resource.
B 13
Upon successful completion of the test the CAISO shall certify the resource as being
permitted to provide Spinning Reserve as an Ancillary Service Provider and shall provide
a copy of the certificate to the Scheduling Coordinator at the same time. The Scheduling
Coordinator shall request the CAISO to update its database to reflect the ability of the
resource to provide Spinning Reserve.
B 14
The Scheduling Coordinator may bid Spinning Reserve from the certified resource into
the CAISO Markets starting with the Day-Ahead Market for the hour ending 0100 on the
Second Trading Day after the CAISO’s database reflects the resource’s certificate.
B 15
The certification to provide Spinning Reserve shall remain in force until withdrawn by the
Scheduling Coordinator or the Ancillary Service Provider by written notice to the CAISO
to take effect at the time notified in the notice, which must be the end of a Trading Day.
B 16
The certification may be revoked by the CAISO only under provisions of the CAISO Tariff.