Download 437913 Forces and Motion Energy Conservation and

TEST NAME: Forces and Motion
TEST ID: 437913
GRADE: 07
SUBJECT: Life and Physical Sciences
TEST CATEGORY: School Assessment
Forces and Motion
Page 1 of 69
Student: Class:
Date:
1. The drawing shows a wind­up toy. The key is wound or turned. When it is released, the toy will move.
When would the wind­up toy have the greatest potential energy?
A.
before it is wound
B.
after it is wound
C.
while it is in motion
D.
when it has come to a stop
2. Electric circuits provide energy for lightbulbs. Which of these prevents the flow of electrons?
A.
a circuit that is closed
B.
a series circuit
C.
a circuit that is open
D.
a parallel circuit
3. Use the following diagram to answer the question that follows.
Cars X and Y start at rest and move to the left as shown in the diagram. During that time, Car Y has
A.
less inertia than Car X.
B.
more power than Car X.
C.
a greater weight than Car X.
D.
a lower acceleration than Car X.
4. A screwdriver is used to pry the lid off a paint can. The resistance arm is 0.5 centimeters. The effort arm is
20 centimeters. What is the mechanical advantage of the screwdriver?
A.
0.025
B.
10
C.
19.5
D.
40
Forces and Motion
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5. An electrical component that has a continuous path for electrons to flow is called
A.
a closed circuit.
B.
an open circuit.
C.
a filament.
D.
a battery.
6. A student plans to build a model rollercoaster for a science fair. The only energy for the car is the potential
energy it contains. The student wants the car to roll from Point 1 to Point 2. Which design allows the car to
roll to Point 2 by converting its potential energy into kinetic energy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Forces and Motion
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7. Guy uses a manual can opener to open a can.
Which best explains how the can opener makes it easier for Guy to open the can?
A.
The surface area of the can decreases.
B.
The force applied to the can increases.
C.
The friction keeping the can sealed decreases.
D.
The amount of gravity acting on the can increases.
8. A student taps the first marble and the sixth marble rolls away.
What does this activity demonstrate?
A.
conservation of energy
B.
energy transfer
C.
convection
D.
radiation
Forces and Motion
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9. Robert is using an inclined plane to move a heavy box into a truck bed that is two meters off the ground.
Which of the inclined planes should Robert use to get the greatest mechanical advantage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
10. How does flipping a switch turn on a light?
A.
It creates a spark.
B.
It breaks an electrical circuit.
C.
It generates electricity.
D.
It completes an electrical circuit.
11. This first­class lever is a machine that changes the direction and size of an applied force in order to lift a
load. The applied force moves one end of the lever down 2 meters while raising the load 0.5 meter.
What is the actual mechanical advantage for the lever?
A.
exactly 0.25
B.
less than 0.25
C.
exactly 4
D.
less than 4
Forces and Motion
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12. Leticia is trying to lift a box using the least amount of force. Which first­class lever should she use?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Forces and Motion
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13. The diagrams show forces applied to an object.
Which diagram shows the most work being done?
A.
W
B.
X
C.
Y
D.
Z
Forces and Motion
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14. Students used rulers as levers during an investigation on simple machines and forces. They made the arms
of the levers different lengths by how they placed the ruler on the desk. They put a box on the end of the
ruler. Which ruler would require the greatest force to be able to lift the box off the desk?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Forces and Motion
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15. An incandescent bulb placed in a closed circuit works by allowing electrons to travel through a very thin
piece of wire in the bulb. The bulb will then give off infrared radiation. This is an example of
A.
kinetic energy being transformed into potential energy.
B.
electrical energy being transformed in heat and light energy.
C.
magnetic energy being transformed into electrical energy.
D.
electrical energy being transformed into mechanical energy.
16. When a button is pushed on a battery­operated clock, the time display is illuminated. What process has
taken place?
A.
Pressure has been converted to light.
B.
Force has been converted to light.
C.
Closing an electric circuit has produced light.
D.
Opening an electric circuit has produced light.
17. The picture shows a student using a pulley system to raise a flag.
Which statement correctly describes the function of this system?
A.
The more force used to pull the string, the more string will be needed to raise the flag.
B.
The more force used to pull the string, the faster the flag will move up the flagpole.
C.
The less force used to pull the string, the greater the distance the flag will move.
D.
The less force used to pull the string, the longer the flag will remain raised.
Forces and Motion
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18. Students are attempting to make a doorbell ring using some wire and a battery. What is needed to make the
bell ring?
A.
friction
B.
gravity
C.
a convection current
D.
an electrical circuit
19. Mrs. Pearson’s class is studying the amount of energy stored in objects. If the same rock is put in four
different places, at which location will the rock have the most potential energy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Forces and Motion
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20. Jorge calculated the gravitational potential energy of the objects shown in the illustration.
Which statement is supported by the calculated data on the table?
A.
The gravitational potential energy of an object is not dependent on its mass.
B.
The gravitational energy of an object is inversely proportional to its height above the ground.
C.
As the weight of an object is increased, its gravitational potential energy decreases.
D.
As the height of an object is increased, its gravitational potential energy also increases.
21. A student used two long wires to connect a lightbulb to a battery. The student noticed that as soon as the
circuit was complete, a nearby compass started to point in a direction other than north. The compass
pointed in a different direction because it was reacting to the
A.
heat produced by the lightbulb.
B.
light produced by the lightbulb.
C.
electric field produced by the battery.
D.
magnetic field produced by the electric current.
22. As the velocity of a runner increases, which type of energy also increases?
A.
kinetic
B.
potential
C.
chemical
D.
electrical
Forces and Motion
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23. A student is investigating the transfer of electrical energy in a circuit. In which circuit will electrical energy
light the bulb?
A.
B.
C.
D.
24. Which machine could be considered to be a type of inclined plane?
A.
wheel and axle
B.
lever
C.
screw
D.
pulley
25. The mass of the basketball shown below is 4 times the mass of the baseball.
If the two balls are moving at the same speed, and the baseball and the baseball has a kinetic energy of 10.0 J, what
is the kinetic energy of the basketball?
A.
2.5 J
B.
5.0 J
C.
10.0 J
D.
20.0 J
Forces and Motion
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26. Two workers are painting a house. They are using a pulley system to help them.
How does this pulley system most likely help the workers?
A.
It makes the workers use less rope.
B.
It keeps the bucket from spilling.
C.
It makes the bucket easier to lift.
D.
It keeps the worker from falling.
27. A 1200­newton box is placed in a delivery truck 1.0 meter high. A worker used a 400 newton force to push
the box up a 4­meter inclined plane. What is the efficiency of the inclined plane?
A.
10%
B.
33%
C.
75%
D.
133%
Forces and Motion
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28. Four identical cans are arranged on the shelves of the bookcase shown.
Which can has the greatest potential energy?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
29. Jillian and her classmates went to clean up a park. They used a wheelbarrow to move branches to the side
of the road for pick up. The wheelbarrow reduced the effort they need to make to move the branches.
Which simple machine is in the wheelbarrow that makes the work easier for Jillian and her classmates?
A.
lever
B.
pulley
C.
screw
D.
wedge
30. When a battery is attached to a circuit,
A.
the electricity stays in the battery.
B.
all the electricity empties into the circuit.
C.
the electricity goes around the circuit and back to the battery.
D.
some of the electricity goes into the circuit, and the rest stays in the battery.
Forces and Motion
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31. A hydroelectric plant uses the power of falling water to turn turbines to create electricity to power homes,
offices, and schools.
Where is the potential energy to run the plant?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
32. The table below shows the force and the displacement of four carts.
Cart Cart Force (N) Total Displacement (m)
W
5
10
X
4
11
Y
6
5
Z
4
7
Which cart had the greatest amount of work done?
A.
W
B.
X
C.
Y
D.
Z
33. A 2.00 kg stone block gains 44.0 J of gravitational potential energy when it is moved up a ramp. What is the
height of the ramp? Use g = 10.0 m/s2.
A.
2.00 m
B.
2.20 m
C.
4.40 m
D.
11.0 m
Forces and Motion
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34. A certain type of hybrid car utilizes a braking system in which energy is recovered and stored in batteries.
This is an example of which type of energy conversion?
A.
kinetic energy converted to potential energy
B.
chemical energy converted to kinetic energy
C.
chemical energy converted to thermal energy
D.
thermal energy converted to potential energy
35. What does the mechanical energy of a system include?
A.
the sum of the potential and kinetic energy
B.
the difference of the potential and kinetic energy
C.
only the kinetic energy
D.
only the potential energy
36. An electric can opener uses a magnet to hold a can in place. As the wheel on the can opener turns, a blade
cuts the top of the can open.
The blade on the can opener is an example of what kind of simple machine?
A.
lever
B.
pulley
C.
screw
D.
wedge
37. The primary function of a doorbell circuit is to convert electrical energy into
A.
sound.
B.
motion.
C.
radiant energy.
D.
chemical energy.
Forces and Motion
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38. The diagram below shows a normal fault.
The fault is formed by the release of
A.
electromagnetic energy.
B.
potential energy.
C.
chemical energy.
D.
heat energy.
39. Which of these children is performing the most work?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Forces and Motion
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40. A juggler tosses balls into the air as he juggles.
Which form of energy is increasing as the balls travel up into the air?
A.
kinetic energy
B.
thermal energy
C.
potential energy
D.
chemical energy
41. A force of 120 newtons (N) was applied to a pulley to lift an object a height of 1 meter (m). If 100 joules (J) of
work was done on the weight, how much work was used to overcome the force of friction in the pulley?
A.
1.2 joules
B.
20 joules
C.
120 joules
D.
220 joules
42. A house uses a roof to carry away large amounts of rain efficiently. A roof composed of two attached
inclined planes forms what type of simple machine?
A.
wedge
B.
screw
C.
ramp
D.
lever
Forces and Motion
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43. The input and output forces for four machines are shown in the table.
Machine Forces
Machine
Input Force
(N) Output Force
(N) 1
5 50 2
10 50 3
25 50 4
50 50 Which machine would have the greatest mechanical advantage?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
44. Joshua lifted a 100­newton (N) box by doing 120 joules (J) of work. How high did he lift the box?
A.
0.83 meters
B.
1.2 meters
C.
20 meters
D.
12,000 meters
45. As Bobby entered a dark room, he pushed the switch on the wall to turn on the light. What makes the light
turn on when Bobby pushes the switch?
A.
electricity
B.
friction
C.
gravity
D.
magnetism
46. Oscar needs to use an inclined plane to move some furniture into a truck. Which inclined plane would Oscar
use to get the greatest mechanical advantage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Forces and Motion
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47. The table below shows four different circuits with a battery and four resistors having the same resistance.
Which conclusion can be made about circuits in general based on the data?
A.
The higher the number of resistors in series, the higher the current.
B.
The higher the total resistance of the circuit, the higher the current.
C.
The fewer the resistors in parallel in the circuit, the higher the current.
D.
The more paths the current can take in the circuit, the higher the current.
48. In the figure, a 500­gram (g) ball is located on top of a table.
Which measurement will the student need to take if he wants to calculate the potential energy of the ball?
A.
volume of the ball
B.
density of the ball
C.
vertical distance from the floor to the ball
D.
horizontal distance from the ball to the edge of the table
Forces and Motion
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49. An escalator is a compound machine that can be found in many buildings. The stairway on an escalator
moves in a loop, which helps people move from one floor of a building to the next. The stairway loop moves
with the help of a wheel and axle.
The stairway of the escalator is an example of which simple machine?
A.
lever
B.
screw
C.
wedge
D.
inclined plane
50. Look at the diagram of a simple circuit.
What is the function of the part labeled Z?
A.
causes resistance to electric current
B.
opens and closes the circuit
C.
provides an energy source for the circuit
D.
allows a path for the current to flow
Forces and Motion
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51. Stephen needs to lift a large box off of the floor. He makes two different pulley systems to help him lift the box. Then
he tries using each of the pulley systems.
To find out which pulley system needs less power to work, what measurement must Stephen record each time the
box is lifted?
A.
length of the rope
B.
strength of the student
C.
height the box is raised
D.
force used to raise the box
52. Energy is transferred in an electrical circuit through
A.
static protons.
B.
moving protons.
C.
static electrons.
D.
moving electrons.
53. The kinetic energy of an object can be determined using the equation
, where
is the kinetic
energy, is the mass, and is the speed of the object. What is the mass of an object moving at a speed of 12
that has 36 J of kinetic energy?
A.
0.13 kg
B.
0.50 kg
C.
2.0 kg
D.
8.0 kg
54. A student moves a 1.50 kg book from a shelf 2.00 meters high to a shelf 1.20 meters high. What is
the approximate magnitude of the change in the gravitational potential energy of the book?
A.
4.50 J
B.
12.0 J
C.
18.0 J
D.
30.0 J
Forces and Motion
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55. Which items are needed to create a simple circuit?
A.
wire and switch
B.
wire and battery
C.
light bulb and switch
D.
light bulb and battery
56. Which change will occur in the wire of an electrical circuit that is working properly?
A.
The wire will become warmer.
B.
The wire will lose some of its mass.
C.
The wire will form an electric field.
D.
The wire will develop a new crystal structure.
57. Which one of the following best describes a fuse?
A.
a material that allows current to travel through a circuit
B.
a material that prevents current from moving through it easily
C.
a device that uses a magnet to protect a circuit from current overloads
D.
a device that uses a metal strip that melts away when a current becomes overloaded
58. The box labeled X rests on a lever. A force, represented by the arrow, is needed to lift the box.
What is another name for the box?
A.
effort arm
B.
resistance arm
C.
effort force
D.
resistance force
Forces and Motion
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59. The picture shows the inside of a watch. This watch uses both a battery and a simple machine to measure
time. The arrow points to the simple machine inside the watch.
What simple machine helps make the watch measure time?
A.
a wheel and axle
B.
an inclined plane
C.
a screw
D.
a lever
60. Students performing a lab on simple machines recorded the related facts shown below.
1. Simple machines are often used to reduce the amount of force.
2. The work output from a simple machine is always less than the work input to the simple machine.
3. Work is a means of transferring energy.
4. Energy is always conserved.
Based on this information, which statement is a valid conclusion?
A.
Simple machines are used to convert work into other forms of useful energy.
B.
Simple machines can be used to reduce the amount of work required to lift an object.
C.
Simple machines destroy energy equal to the difference between work input and work output.
D.
Simple machines have friction that transforms part of the input work into other forms of energy.
61. A worker needs to load a heavy box onto a truck. The worker uses a ramp to move the box because the
ramp
A.
increases the weight of the box.
B.
reduces the gravitational force on the box.
C.
increases the amount of friction on the box.
D.
reduces the amount of force applied to the box.
Forces and Motion
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62. Current moving through a circuit is stopped with a
A.
wire.
B.
battery.
C.
switch.
D.
bulb.
63. A student uses the fulcrum and board shown below to move a large rock. The student’s friends suggest
ways to revise the design.
Which suggestion best helps the student move the rock while using less force?
A.
put the fulcrum on top of the board
B.
move the fulcrum closer to the rock
C.
apply force directly above the fulcrum
D.
completely remove the fulcrum
64. Which action involving a pulley system requires the least amount of force?
A.
using several pulleys together instead of a single pulley
B.
using a fixed pulley instead of a moveable pulley
C.
pulling a long rope instead of a short rope
D.
pulling a rope up instead of down
65. In gym class a student kicks a soccer ball high into the air. As the ball goes upward, which type of energy is
increasing?
A.
kinetic energy
B.
thermal energy
C.
potential energy
D.
mechanical energy
Forces and Motion
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66. Refer to the electric circuit to answer the question that follows.
Light bulb 2 burned out in this circuit. If voltage remains constant, what happens to the remaining light
bulbs?
A.
They burn out.
B.
They get brighter.
C.
They get dimmer.
D.
They remain the same.
67. Which of the following is used as a wedge?
A.
a baseball bat
B.
a bicycle pedal
C.
a faucet handle
D.
a sewing needle
68. Use the diagram to answer the question that follows. One benefit provided by the machine shown in the diagram is that it
A.
changes the direction of the force.
B.
increases the amount of the force.
C.
reduces the friction of lifting.
D.
changes the resistance.
69. A student pushes down on the lever with an effort of 40 newtons to lift the box.
What are two advantages in using the lever to lift the box?
Forces and Motion
Page 26 of 69
70. The picture shows a pulley system with three platforms.
Which would most likely happen if the mass on Platform 2 was removed?
A.
Platforms 1 and 3 will move downward.
B.
Platforms 1 and 3 will move upward.
C.
Platform 2 will be even with Platform 1.
D.
Platform 2 will be even with Platform 3.
71. The drawing shows a waterfall flowing into a pool of water.
Which statement best describes the energy of the objects in the drawing?
A.
The pool of water has more kinetic energy and the falling water has more potential energy.
B.
The falling water has potential energy and the rock over which it flows has kinetic energy.
C.
The water has potential energy at the top of the waterfall and increasing kinetic energy as it falls.
D.
The water at the top of the fall has kinetic energy that becomes potential energy as it falls into the pool.
Forces and Motion
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72. A 10­kg rock falls from a height of 8.0 m above the ground. What is the kinetic energy of the rock just before
it hits the ground?
A.
80 J
B.
98 J
C.
320 J
D.
780 J
73. The picture shows a can opener being operated.
Which form of energy is most likely used to open the can?
A.
thermal
B.
chemical
C.
electrical
D.
mechanical
74. Some new cars use special braking systems to recover energy when the brakes are applied. This energy is
stored in special batteries and is used to power the electric motor. What type of energy are the brakes
storing as they slow down the car?
A.
gravitational
B.
kinetic
C.
potential
D.
thermal
75. A student is organizing a room. She moves a box from the floor to a shelf. She wants to estimate the amount
of potential energy the box has on the shelf. What information does the student need?
A.
the volume and mass of the box
B.
the mass of the shelf and the mass of the box
C.
the mass of the box and the height of the shelf
D.
the volume of the box and the height of the shelf
76. What kind of energy change occurs when a battery is operating a remote control toy?
A.
Heat energy is changed to light energy.
B.
Light energy is changed to heat energy.
C.
Potential energy is changed to kinetic energy.
D.
Kinetic energy is changed to chemical energy.
Forces and Motion
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77. Thomas watches an orange fall from a tree to the ground.
Which best describes the flow of energy as the orange falls and hits the ground?
A.
Solar energy → Potential energy → Heat energy
B.
Potential energy → Sound energy → Heat energy
C.
Kinetic energy → Potential energy → Sound energy
D.
Potential energy → Kinetic energy → Sound energy
78. What is the mechanical advantage of the pulley pictured below?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
Forces and Motion
Page 29 of 69
79. The pendulum shown moves from point 1 to point 5.
Which statement best describes the change in energy during motion of the pendulum?
A.
The kinetic energy at point 3 increases as it moves to point 4.
B.
The potential energy at point 2 increases as it moves to point 4.
C.
The kinetic energy at point 1 is equal to the potential energy at point 3.
D.
The potential energy at point 1 is equal to the potential energy at point 3.
80. Mr. Moyers’ class was studying how work is done on an object. In which situation is the amount of work
done on the object equal to zero?
A.
A shopper pushes a cart with a broken wheel.
B.
An apple growing on a tree falls to the ground.
C.
A person pushes on a heavy box but is unable to move it.
D.
An athlete swings a bat in the air without hitting anything.
81. Look at the drawing of the ball bouncing below.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of words to use to indicate the different types of energy
shown in the drawing?
A.
kinetic, potential, potential, kinetic
B.
potential, kinetic, kinetic, potential
C.
potential, kinetic, potential, kinetic
D.
potential, potential, kinetic, kinetic
Forces and Motion
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82. A light bulb is connected to a battery by a wire as shown.
What happens when the wire is removed from the light bulb?
A.
The light bulb stops shining.
B.
The wire produces electricity.
C.
The light bulb glows brighter.
D.
The battery loses power.
83. In order for electricity from a battery to power a light bulb, the wire has to provide the electricity a path to do
what?
A.
flow through the entire closed circuit
B.
charge the air molecules near the circuit
C.
jump from one battery terminal to the other
D.
change the chemical properties of the wire
84. Samantha is using a lever to lift a rock. To lift the rock most easily, where should she apply force to the
lever?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Forces and Motion
Page 31 of 69
85. Both potential and kinetic energy can be observed at this skate park.
Identify which skater is displaying gravitational potential energy and explain why.
Identify which skater is displaying kinetic energy and explain why.
86. A student sets up this electric circuit.
The student then realizes that turning off one light turns off all the lights. In order to make it possible for
each light to be turned on and off separately, the student should convert the circuit into a
A.
short circuit.
B.
series circuit.
C.
closed circuit.
D.
parallel circuit.
87. Which best represents the use of mechanical energy?
A.
a light bulb giving off heat
B.
a candle providing light
C.
a nail being hammered
D.
a can rusting
Forces and Motion
Page 32 of 69
88. Which energy conversion happens when a person shivers and the energy is transferred to make the
muscles and joints move?
A.
kinetic energy to potential energy
B.
heat energy to kinetic energy
C.
potential energy to chemical energy
D.
chemical energy to mechanical energy
89. A simple machine that has a mechanical advantage equal to 1 would most likely be used to
A.
decrease effort.
B.
decrease work.
C.
change direction.
D.
change resistance.
90. Some plant cells need energy to carry nutrients across the cell membrane. Which type of energy
transformation does these plant cells use to bring the nutrient molecule inside the cell membrane?
A.
thermal energy to kinetic energy
B.
potential energy to light energy
C.
chemical energy to kinetic energy
D.
kinetic energy to potential energy
91. The tolerance of a resistor is a measure of the degree to which its actual resistance may differ from the
listed value of the resistor. A high tolerance indicates the
A.
resistor will rapidly fail when placed in a closed circuit.
B.
resistor is unlikely to work when current is supplied to it.
C.
exact voltage of the circuit including the resistor is difficult to predict.
D.
amount of resistance the resistor adds to the circuit will change over time.
Forces and Motion
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92. Which simple machine uses a fulcrum to redirect a force?
A.
B.
C.
D.
93. A student removes a nail from a wooden board using this simple machine.
The machine is useful because it increases
A.
work.
B.
force.
C.
mass.
D.
distance.
Forces and Motion
Page 34 of 69
94. A student pushed a rock from the top of a hill.
What type of energy change occurred after the rock was pushed?
A.
Heat energy was converted to potential energy.
B.
Electrical energy was converted to heat energy.
C.
Potential energy was converted to kinetic energy.
D.
Kinetic energy was converted to electrical energy.
95. Student A uses 4 newtons of force to move a chair 8 meters. Student B uses 3 newtons of force but does
not move the chair. Part A: How much work is done by Student A?
Part B: How much work is done by Student B? Include units in your answers and show your work.
Forces and Motion
Page 35 of 69
96. The picture shows a pulley.
How does a pulley help make work easier?
A.
It reduces friction.
B.
It redirects the force.
C.
It holds things together.
D.
It pushes materials apart.
97. Francisco is learning about circuits in class and makes the simple circuit shown. His teacher asks him to
explain the role of each part of the circuit.
The primary role of the wire in the circuit is to
A.
conduct electricity.
B.
provide energy.
C.
convert light.
D.
produce heat.
98. Movers needed to move a heavy box from the bottom of some stairs to the top of the stairs. They placed a
ramp over the stairs and pushed the box up the ramp. Which best explains why the movers used a ramp to move the box?
A.
The ramp reduced the amount of force needed to move the box.
B.
The ramp increased the height that the box needed to be moved.
C.
The ramp reduced the distance that the box needed to be moved.
D.
The ramp increased the amount of friction needed to move the box.
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99. A wheelbarrow is a compound machine that uses simple machines to change the direction or size of a
force.
Which simple machines are used to form this compound machine?
A.
lever, pulley
B.
lever, wheel and axle
C.
inclined plane, wedge
D.
wedge, wheel and axle
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100. Which pulley system requires the least amount of force to move the object?
A.
B.
C.
D.
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101. Myra rides her bicycle as shown.
At what point does Myra have the most potential energy?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
102. In which situation is no work done?
A.
A hockey puck slides along ice at constant speed.
B.
A golfer hits a golf ball with 15,000 N of force.
C.
An object hits the window of an accelerating car.
D.
A basketball bounces on the ground.
103. Use the diagram of the circuit to answer the question that follows.
A magnetic field will be detected near this circuit only if
A.
the wire is made of iron.
B.
a current flows through the wire.
C.
the wire is cooled first.
D.
the battery contains acid.
104. A student applied a force of 200 N to push a box 15 m down the sidewalk. Given the formula, W = F × d, how
much work has been done?
A.
30 J
B.
300 J
C.
3000 J
D.
30,000 J
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105. Workers push a heavy box up an inclined plane and onto a truck.
Which best explains why these workers use an inclined plane?
A.
It makes their work easier.
B.
It keeps their clothing clean.
C.
It keeps the box from breaking.
D.
It makes the box weigh less.
106. The table shows forces applied to four carts with wheels and the distance each cart traveled.
Cart Force (N) Mass (g) Distance Traveled (m)
W
4
125
2.5
X
4
125
2.0
Y
6
125
1.0
Z
6
125
1.5
In which scenario was the most work done?
A.
W
B.
X
C.
Y
D.
Z
107. The diagram shows a swinging pendulum. Five different positions of the pendulum are labeled. Each
position contains different amounts of potential and kinetic energy.
The potential and kinetic energy of the pendulum can be represented on bar graphs. Which graph correctly
shows the amount of energy available at position 3?
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A.
B.
C.
D.
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108. A roller coaster car starts rolling from a rest at the top of a point V.
Assuming there is no friction, between which two points will the roller coaster stop?
A.
V­W
B.
W­X
C.
X­Y
D.
Y­Z
109. The table below shows different situations involving a box.
Situation
1 A box is lifted 6 meters in the air by a forklift.
2 A box is lifted 3 meters off the ground by a person.
3 A box is lifted 10 meters in the air by a crane.
4 A box is left on the ground by a student.
Which of the following shows the situations organized from least to greatest amount of work done on the
box?
A.
4, 2, 1, 3
B.
1, 4, 3, 2
C.
4, 1, 2, 3
D.
1, 2, 3, 4
110. What is the function of the wire in the diagram below?
A.
storing an electrical charge
B.
reversing the electrical charge every few seconds
C.
absorbing the flow of electricity from the surrounding air
D.
providing a way for electricity to flow through the circuit
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111. Jeremy exerted a force of 400 newtons on a pair of pliers that held a walnut. The pliers generated a force
of 1200 newtons onto the walnut and cracked it open.
What was the mechanical advantage of the pliers?
A.
0.3
B.
3.0
C.
800
D.
1600
112. While on the launch pad, the space shuttle rocket boosters and external fuel tank hold about
pounds of fuel. This amount of fuel is necessary to propel the space shuttle into an orbit 300 km above
Earth. In order to escape the gravity at the surface of Earth, the chemical energy is converted to which type
of energy?
A.
kinetic
B.
nuclear
C.
electrical
D.
geothermal
113. A baker is making cookies. She mixes the ingredients in a bowl and forms a ball of dough. The ball of
dough needs to be rolled flat before it is baked.
Which simple machine is best used to flatten the dough?
A.
wheel and axle
B.
inclined plane
C.
wedge
D.
lever
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114. The diagram shows a child swinging on a swing set.
As the child moves from left to right, at which point will the maximum kinetic energy be reached?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
115. A switch that can open or close an electric circuit can be used to
A.
increase the amount of current.
B.
reverse the current’s direction.
C.
stop the current.
D.
accelerate the current.
116. A roller coaster is climbing up the highest hill on its track. At which point will the front car of the coaster
most likely have its greatest potential energy?
A.
at the bottom of the highest hill
B.
at the top of the highest hill
C.
at the start of the track
D.
at the end of the track
117. Doctors listen to the sound of heart vibrations using a stethoscope. The vibrations are caused by the
acceleration and deceleration of the blood through the heart. Which type of energy is converted to the
sound energy heard in the stethoscope?
A.
chemical energy of muscles from exercise
B.
potential energy from the height of the person
C.
kinetic energy from contractions of the heart muscle
D.
heat energy of the movement of blood through vessels
118. A wind power project has been proposed for the coastline in St. Lucie County. Windmills would be used to
produce energy by converting wind energy into electricity. Electricity would be produced from which
energy of the wind?
A.
potential
B.
chemical
C.
kinetic
D.
solar
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119. During an investigation on energy, Seth rolls marbles of four different masses down a ramp.
Which size marble will have the greatest kinetic energy when it reaches the bottom of the ramp?
A.
2 grams
B.
3 grams
C.
5 grams
D.
6 grams
120. A series circuit consists of four light bulbs. If the first light bulb burns out, which best describes what will
happen to the other light bulbs?
A.
The remaining light bulbs will be brighter.
B.
The remaining light bulbs will get dimmer.
C.
The remaining light bulbs will blink on and off.
D.
The remaining light bulbs will all go out.
121. Angela has a toy made out of a coil of wire. She places the toy at the top of some stairs. The toy can travel
down each step, end­over­end.
Which type of energy does the toy have when it is placed at the top of the stairs?
A.
electric
B.
kinetic
C.
magnetic
D.
potential
122. What is the kinetic energy of a 0.500 kg toy car moving at a rate of 1.50 m/s?
A.
0.167 J
B.
0.563 J
C.
1.13 J
D.
2.25 J
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123. What form of energy is stored in a battery?
A.
chemical
B.
sound
C.
light
D.
heat
124. The diagram shows two ramps that a person could use to raise a 10­kilogram cardboard box to a height
of 1 meter.
Which statement correctly describes the force required to raise the box using the ramps?
A.
The same amount of force will be required when using either ramp because both boxes have a mass of
10 kg.
B.
The same amount of force will be required when using either ramp because both ramps are 1 meter
high.
C.
More force will be required to raise the box using Ramp X because Ramp X is steeper than Ramp Y.
D.
More force will be required to raise the box using Ramp Y because Ramp Y is longer than Ramp X.
125. The illustration shows a person removing the lid from a crate with a crowbar. Which statement describes the force on the crowbar and the motion of the lid?
A.
As the crowbar is pushed down, the lid moves down.
B.
As the crowbar is pushed down, the lid moves up.
C.
As the crowbar is pulled up, the lid moves down.
D.
As the crowbar is pulled out, the lid moves up.
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126. In a gasoline­powered car, chemical energy from gasoline is transformed to make the car move. The
motion of the car is what form of energy?
A.
radiant energy
B.
nuclear energy
C.
electrical energy
D.
mechanical energy
127. Biodiesel is an alternative to gasoline that is produced from fats or oils such as soybean oil or restaurant
grease. Although it is better for the environment than gasoline, it has lower fuel efficiency. What most likely
causes the biodiesel to be less efficient than gasoline?
A.
Biodiesel has lower potential energy therefore releases less kinetic energy.
B.
Biodiesel has higher potential energy therefore releases less kinetic energy.
C.
Gasoline has lower potential energy therefore releases less kinetic energy.
D.
Gasoline has higher potential energy therefore releases less kinetic energy.
128. The sound made by crickets occurs when the male crickets rubs its two hind legs together. Which type of
energy transformation results in the sound made by crickets?
A.
sound energy to thermal energy
B.
thermal energy to chemical energy
C.
mechanical energy to sound energy
D.
mechanical energy to chemical energy
129. Which of the following would have the greatest mechanical advantage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
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130. Which circuit diagram shows three resistors connected in series?
A.
B.
C.
D.
131. A simple electrical circuit is shown.
In the metal wires, electrical current travels from the
A.
light bulb to the positive side of the battery.
B.
two sides of the battery to the light bulb.
C.
positive side of the battery to the light bulb.
D.
negative side of the battery to the light bulb.
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132. What is the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy?
A.
Potential energy is the energy of an object due to its position, while kinetic energy is energy due to
its motion.
B.
Potential energy is the energy of an object due to its motion, while kinetic energy is energy due to its
position.
C.
Potential energy is the energy of an object due to an applied force, while kinetic energy is energy stored
after the applied force.
D.
Potential energy is the energy stored after an applied force, while kinetic energy is the energy used from
the applied force.
133. Amanda uses a lever to lift a box. She calculates that the lever gives her a theoretical mechanical
advantage of 2.
Which of the following will act to reduce the actual mechanical advantage to less than 2?
A.
The load will move twice as far as the effort moves.
B.
The box will convert input energy to heat energy as it rises.
C.
Friction at the fulcrum will transform some energy into heat.
D.
The force of the load will be less than half of the effort force.
134. Use the following diagram to answer the question that follows. When the simple machine shown lifts the load, the machine will
A.
multiply the force.
B.
decrease the load.
C.
increase the work.
D.
multiply the power.
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135. The table shows the force applied and displacement when different boxes are being pushed.
Box Force (N) Displacement (m)
W
4
7
X
2
6
Y
1
8
Z
3
9
Which box shows the most work being done?
A.
W
B.
X
C.
Y
D.
Z
136. The line shows the path of the ball.
As the ball moves from Point 3 to Point 4, which energy conversion is taking place?
A.
thermal to kinetic
B.
kinetic to thermal
C.
potential to kinetic
D.
kinetic to potential
137. Some steep roads have an emergency exit ramp, known as a “Runaway Truck Ramp.” This ramp serves
as a way off the road for drivers having difficulty slowing their vehicles.
Which statement best describes how this inclined plane helps the driver of the vehicle?
A.
It changes the direction of the force needed to slow the vehicle.
B.
It changes the size of the force needed to move the vehicle.
C.
It increases the distance required to move the vehicle.
D.
It increases the force required to slow the vehicle.
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138. One device used for electrical safety involves a metal strip that bends when it gets hot. This bending flips a
switch which interrupts the current. What is this device called?
A.
circuit breaker
B.
fuse
C.
electric meter
D.
resistor
139. Which of the following best describes the function of a resistor in an electrical circuit?
A.
It opens the circuit.
B.
It creates the electric field.
C.
It controls the amount of current.
D.
It provides energy to the circuit.
140. A rock that falls off a cliff demonstrates both potential and kinetic energy.
Which is the best comparison of these two forms of energy?
A.
As the kinetic energy increases, the potential energy decreases.
B.
As the potential energy decreases, the kinetic energy decreases.
C.
The amount of kinetic energy is equal to one­half of the potential energy.
D.
The amount of potential energy is equal to one­fourth of the kinetic energy.
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141. A crane uses a pulley system to make work easier.
Which statement best explains how the pulley system in a crane makes work easier?
A.
The pulley system reduces the mass of the object being lifted.
B.
The pulley system reduces the volume of the object being lifted.
C.
The pulley system reduces the amount of force needed to lift an object.
D.
The pulley system reduces the distance the object being lifted needs to move.
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142. In which circuit will the light(s) be on?
A.
B.
C.
D.
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143. Neil studied how a pulley helps move an object. Neil tied a rope to an object with a mass of 10 kilograms
(kg) and attached it to a pulley. He then pulled down on the rope.
When Neil pulled down on the rope, which did he most likely learn about the force required to lift the
object?
A.
It was half of the weight of the object.
B.
It was equal to the weight of the object.
C.
It was two times the weight of the object.
D.
It was three times the weight of the object.
144. Maria needs to make a simple circuit from the materials shown.
Draw a diagram that shows how Maria would connect the parts into a working circuit.
Explain how energy flows through the circuit.
145. Seth wanted to remove a large rock from his garden.
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Which tool would make it easiest to lift the rock out of the soil?
A.
B.
C.
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D.
146. Constance drew a diagram to show the flow of electricity in a flashlight.
What would happen if Constance placed the cardboard circle between the two batteries?
A.
The flashlight would not work.
B.
The light would only be half as bright.
C.
The cardboard would not affect the flashlight.
D.
The flashlight would stay on if she turned off the switch.
147. Tomas wants to paint his bedroom. He goes to the store and buys two cans of paint.
Which simple machine would make it easier for him to open the cans?
A.
an inclined plane
B.
a wheel and axle
C.
a pulley
D.
a lever
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148. Use the items pictured to complete the tasks that follow.
Part A: Draw a series circuit with the light bulbs on. Label the components.
Part B: Explain why this is a series circuit.
Part C: Draw a parallel circuit with the light bulbs on. Label the components.
Part D: Explain why this is a parallel circuit.
149. A log splitting machine was invented to split logs quickly. A motor powers a metal piece that is pushed
through the middle of a log.
The metal piece used to split a log is an example of what simple machine?
A.
a wedge
B.
a pulley
C.
a screw
D.
a lever
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150. A student investigates how far a marble can travel up the incline after rolling down the ramp.
Without friction, what is the maximum height the marble will be able to reach on the incline?
A.
4 cm
B.
7 cm
C.
9 cm
D.
10 cm
151. When a switch is used in an electrical circuit, the switch can
A.
cause the charge to build.
B.
increase and decrease the voltage.
C.
cause the current to change direction.
D.
stop and start the flow of current.
152. Two different types of pulleys are shown. Pulley 1 is a fixed pulley and Pulley 2 is a movable pulley.
What is Pulley 2 designed to do that Pulley 1 cannot do?
A.
decrease work
B.
reduce effort force
C.
reduce weight of object lifted
D.
decrease mechanical advantage
153. The ideal mechanical advantage (IMA) of an inclined plane that is 10 meters long and 2 meters high is 5. To
increase the IMA of this inclined plane someone could increase the
A.
height of the inclined plane.
B.
length of the inclined plane.
C.
angle of the inclined plane.
D.
slope of the inclined plane.
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154. Which simple machine increases the distance over which a load travels and reduces the needed force?
A.
wheel and axle
B.
wedge
C.
pulley
D.
inclined plane
155. An electric bulb will stop shining when a light switch is shut off because
A.
it draws electrons away from the light.
B.
it inserts a semiconductor.
C.
it creates a gap in the circuit.
D.
it reverses the direction of the current.
156. The diagram shown below represents an electrical circuit.
Which labeled element represents a resistor?
A.
P
B.
Q
C.
R
D.
S
157. An engineer must calculate the potential energy of a roller coaster car at the top of an incline. Which
information would best help the engineer determine the potential energy of the car?
A.
the distance the roller coaster car must travel
B.
the mass of the roller coaster car at full capacity
C.
the average weight of an empty roller coaster car
D.
the direction that the roller coaster car is traveling
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158. Barbara placed a marble at different places on a ramp. At which place will the marble have the most
potential energy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
159. The drawing represents a mountain bike trail.
A bike rider began at Point 1 on the trail and ended at Point 4. • Describe the change in kinetic energy from Point 1 to Point 2.
• Describe the change in potential energy from Point 1 to Point 2.
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160. The wheelbarrow below is classified as a second­class lever.
If a 500 N bag of soil is added to the wheelbarrow, which statement best describes the effort force?
A.
The effort equals load.
B.
The effort is less than load.
C.
The effort is greater than the load.
D.
The effort decreases mechanical advantage.
161. While on a movie set, a stuntman jumps off the roof of a building. As he falls toward an airbag, what is
increasing?
A.
gravity
B.
wind velocity
C.
kinetic energy
D.
potential energy
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162. The diagrams below show force being applied to two objects.
Which conditions indicate that work was not done?
A.
X because the box moved, unlike Z
B.
X because the box had less mass and more force than Z
C.
Z because the box had more mass and less force than X
D.
Z because the box was pushed by two equal forces, unlike X
163. Riding a bicycle produces several forms of energy. Which form of energy is produced in the greatest
amount by pedaling a bicycle down the sidewalk?
A.
chemical
B.
radiant
C.
kinetic
D.
sound
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164. Raindrops move soil particles from one location to another.
Which energy conversion gives raindrops the capacity to move soil particles?
A.
potential to kinetic
B.
electrical to potential
C.
chemical to mechanical
D.
gravitational to electrical
165. A student is pushing a 20­kilogram box up a ramp. Which change will require the student to use less force
to push the box?
A.
increasing the mass of the box
B.
decreasing the length of the ramp
C.
decreasing the steepness of the ramp
D.
increasing the friction on the surface of the box
166. Maria throws a ball to Thomas. The ball has kinetic energy and potential energy. The ball makes a path
throught he air, as shown in the diagram.
At which labeled point on the diagram does the ball have the least kinetic energy?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
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167. The ram on a crane uses the force of kinetic energy to push a spike into the ground.
From which position should the ram be released to have the greatest kinetic energy when it hits the spike?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
168. A student investigated different ways to lift a large brick to a shelf two meters above the ground. The data
collected by the student are shown in the table.
Method of Moving the Brick
Distance Brick Moved (m) Force Used (N)
1) Lifting the brick straight up
2
10
2) Pushing the brick up Ramp X
4
5
3) Pushing the brick up Ramp Y
5
4
4) Pushing the brick up Ramp Z
10
2
Which method made moving the brick easiest?
A.
Method 1
B.
Method 2
C.
Method 3
D.
Method 4
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169. Engineers are building a dam in a river valley. Once the dam is built, a reservoir will develop. Which energy transformation are engineers most likely attempting to achieve?
A.
to convert electrical energy into potential energy
B.
to convert potential energy into electrical energy
C.
to convert electromagnetic energy into kinetic energy
D.
to convert kinetic energy into gravitational energy
170. A group of workers needs to move a piano from the second floor of a building. The piano is too wide to fit
through the door, so they will lower the piano to the ground through a window. Which tool would be best to
help the workers lower the piano from the window?
A.
wheel and axle
B.
inclined plane
C.
pulley
D.
wedge
171. Students are asked to build an electric circuit. Their teacher gives them the parts shown.
What additional parts are needed to build an electric circuit with two batteries? Draw the electric circuit so that the bulb will light.
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172. Which of the diagrams shows the correct way to set up a circuit that will light the bulb?
A.
B.
C.
D.
173. While teaching a lesson on the conservation of energy, a teacher diagrams the path of the motion of a
swing moving back and forth.
Which energy transformation is the teacher most likely illustrating?
A.
thermal to kinetic
B.
potential to kinetic
C.
chemical to potential
D.
electrical to mechanical
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174. Ramon keeps some objects on his bookcase. All of the objects have the same mass.
Based on the picture, which object in Ramon’s bookcase contains the most potential energy?
A.
Ball
B.
Vase
C.
Toy
D.
Book
175. Wire was looped several times around an iron nail, and the wire’s ends were connected to a battery. For
which of these will this device most likely be used?
A.
to produce a heat source
B.
to demonstrate frictional forces
C.
to create a magnetic field
D.
to generate a sound wave
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176. The gears of a machine are shown. When gear 1 turns, it transfers energy to gears 2 and 3.
How will the energy from gear 1 make gears 2 and 3 turn?
A.
B.
C.
D.
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177. The scientist on the left lifts an 8N weight (1.84 pounds) to chest level. When he releases it, the weight
moves toward the scientist on the right. Both scientists are the same height.
Which should the observer most likely record about the weight?
A.
The scientist on the right will have to move back to point 4 to catch the weight at chest level.
B.
The scientist on the right can remain stationary and catch the weight at chest level.
C.
The weight reaches its highest potential energy at point 2.
D.
The weight reaches its highest kinetic energy at point 3.
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