Download Cell Division Close Notes Booklet - Morinville Community High School

Biology 30
Morinville Community
High School
Unit 5a: Cell Division
Name: ______________
Key Concept A: Organization of
Genetic Material (p. 551-553)
Cell Division & Classical Genetics Unit
Outline
Chapter 1 6 tex t p. 5 48 -5 83
A1. Chromosome Structure p. 551-552
Key Concept A: Organization of Genetic Material
A1. Chromosome Structure
A2. Chromosome Number & Vocabulary
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Key Concept B: Cell Cycle
B1. Stages of the Cell Cycle
Chromosome:
Key Concept C: Mitosis
C1. Functions of Mitosis
C2. Phases of Mitosis (PMAT)
C3. Cytokinesis (Animals & Plants)
C4. Regulation of the Cell Cycle & Cancer
Histone:
Key Concept D: Meiosis
D1. Functions of Meiosis
D2. Phases of Meiosis I and II
D3. Sources of Genetic Recombination
i. Independent Assortment
ii. Crossing Over
D4. Nondisjunction
D5. Gamete formation in humans
Centromere / Kinetochore:
Chromatin:
Telomeres:
Chromosome Structure
Key Concept E: Diversity of Reproductive Strategies
E1. Prokaryotic Reproduction
E2. Asexual Reproduction
E3. Alternation of Generations
E4. Alternation in Sexual Cycles
Cell Division Test
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A2. Chromosome Number & Vocabulary p. 552
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Homologous Chromosomes:
Autosomes:
Humans have _____ autosomes.
Humans have _____ sex chromosomes.
Gene:
Locus:
Allele:
Diploid (2n):
Haploid (n):
Polyploid (Xn):
The diploid number in humans: _______
The haploid number in humans: _______
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Key Concept B: Cell Cycle (p. 553-555)
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Parent Cell:
B1. Stages of the Cell Cycle p. 553-555
Daughter Cells:
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Key Concept C: Mitosis (p. 556-562)
2. Metaphase
• Chromosomes move to the equator
• Spindle microtubules attach to the centromere
C1. Functions of Mitosis p. 556
Mitosis is the process of cell division whereby a cell divides into
two identical daughter cells.
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The function of mitosis is threefold:
Growth:
3. Anaphase
• Centromeres separate
• Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles: they are now
called choromosomes
Maintenance:
Repair:
C2. Phases of Mitosis p. 556-558
1. Prophase
• chromosomes become visible
• Centrioles move to opposite poles
• Spindle formation
• Nuclear membrane disappears
4. Telophase
• Chromosomes have arrived at poles
• Spindle disappears
• Centrioles replicate (in animal cells)
• Nuclear membrane reappears
• Nucleolus becomes visible
• Chromosomes become chromatin
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Key Concept D: Meiosis (p. 563-572)
C3. Cytokinesis in Plants and Animals p. 558
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Cytokinesis:
How does cytokinesis differ in plants and animals?
C4. Regulation of the Cell Cycle & Cancer p. 560
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Cancer:
How is the cell cycle affected in cancer cells?
What is metastasis?
Factor
Mitosis
Meiosis
Type of cell(s)
involved: somatic
or germ cells?
Number of
rounds of division
in one complete
cycle
Number of
duplications of
chromosomes
Number of cells
resulting from
one complete
cycle
Chromosome
number of parent
cell (human)
Chromosome
number of
resulting cells
(human)
Daughter cells
genetically
identical or
genetically
different than
parent cell?
Function of
division process
What is radiation therapy?
What is chemotherapy?
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D1. Functions of Meiosis p. 563
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Meiosis has 2 key outcomes:
Reduction Division:
Recombination:
D2. Phases of Meiosis I and II p. 563-565
Meiosis has 2 round of cell division: Meiosis I and II
Each round of cell division has the same four steps as Mitosis:
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
The biggest difference between the two occurs at Metaphase I.
During mitosis each chromosome (pair of chromatids) lines up
individually along the equator. During Metaphase I of meiosis
however, each chromosome pairs with it’s homologous partner
along the equator forming a tetrad (4 chromatids).
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MITOSIS
Prophase
MEIOSIS
Interphase
(DNA duplication occurs; precedes meiosis)
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Metaphase
Anaphase, Telophase,
Cytokinesis
Anaphase I, Telophase I,
Cytokinesis
End of
Meiosis II
Lab Investigation: Comparing Mitosis & Meiosi
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Complete the following table
Characteristic
Occurs in which type of
cell: somatic or gamete
type of reproduction:
asexual or sexual
number of cell divisions:
1 or 2
number of DNA
replications
synapsis occurs: yes or
no
crossover frequency:
never or often?
in which phase does the
centromere divide?
number of daughter cells
ploidy of daughter cells
genetic character of
daughter cells:
identical or different
MITOSIS
D3. Sources of Genetic Recombination p. 565-566
MEIOSIS
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Independent Assortment:
Crossing over / Synapsis:
D4. Non-Disjunction p. 567
Non-Disjunction occurs can occur either during
Anaphase I or Anaphase II of Meiosis resulting in an abnormal number of
chromosomes in the gametes
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D5. Gametogenesis in Humans p. 569
Key Concept E: Diversity in Reproductive
Strategies (p. 573-580)
E1. Asexual Reproduction in Prokaryotes p. 573-574
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Spermatogenesis
Spermatogonium:
Primary Spermatocyte:
Secondary Spermatocyte:
Spermatids:
Asexual Reproduction:
Binary Fission:
Conjucation:
Pilus:
E2. Asexual Reproduction in Eukaryotes p. 574-575
Oogenesis
Oogonium:
Idenfity one example for each of the following
Stragegy
Example
Budding
Primary Oocyte:
Secondary Oocyte:
Vegetative
Reproduction
Fragmentation
Parthenogenesis
Ootid:
List 3 key differences between spermatogenesis
and oogenesis:
List a major advantage for both sexual and asexual reproduction:
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Example: life cycle of Pine
Spore:
Sporophyte:
Gametophyte:
E3. Alternation of Generations p. 575-577
The life cycle of plants consists of a two generations: haploid
and diploid.
Diploid Generation = Sporophyte
Haploid Generation = Gametophyte
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E4. Alternation of Sexual Cycles p. 577-579
1. What kind of cell division is involved in the budding process?
2. The life cycle of yeast can be divided into two phases. Which
one is the sexual phase and which is the asexual phase?
3. What seems to trigger sexual reproduction in yeast cells?
4. Is the dominant stage of a fern a gametophyte or a sporophyte?
5. Are the cells of a fern diploid or haploid?
6. Do ferns produce gametes or spores for reproduction?
7. Are spores produced by meiosis or mitosis?
8. Is a small prothallus a gametophyte or a sporophyte?
9. Does the heart-shaped prothallus produce games or spores?
10. Does the zygote grow into a sporophyte or a gametophyte?
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