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Transcript
György Kálmán, ABB Corporate Research Norway, [email protected] Quality of Service in Industrial Ethernet Networks © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 1 Can we provide appropriate Quality of Service for industrial applications using an all-Ethernet network? © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 2 Outline Meaning of QoS in industrial environments Background Industrial network evolution Scenarios Topology Technologies Standard Ethernet Industrial Ethernet Special hardware-enabled Ethernet Quality of Service L2 and L3 Connection with VoIP and AV Bridging Conclusion Disclaimer: the following presentation does reflect my opinion which might not necessarily conincide with ABB’s view or opinion in the given area. © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 3 Industrial Network Evolution © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 4 Connectivity Direct wiring Low speed serial buses Ethernet Requirements Centralised control SCADA Safety integrated systems Security supervision Communication Remote assistance An Example Architecture – ABB 800xA © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 5 Scenarios Very fast reaction times Motion control Robotics Substation automation Fast reaction times Slow reaction times © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 6 Factory automation Process automation Topology Serial Fieldbuses Composite Ethernet from the Controller Fieldbus after the Controller Ethernet-based © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 7 Daisy-chaining Ethernet to the sensor Technologies Ethernet solutions Telecommunication solutions © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 8 Industrial modifications SDH to carrier Ethernet or IP Embedded communication Chain length Limited feature set Standard Ethernet © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 9 Determinism Bandwidth and compatibility Loop-avoidance High port count, high branching factor Cheap, efficient implementation De facto standard in LANs Moves towards both the telco and industrial area Industrial Ethernet © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 10 Determinism Speed difference compared to fieldbuses Cyclic traffic Cost reduction Uplink connectivity Low branching Safety Integrated Systems Industrial Ethernet with special hardware Profinet IRT EtherCAT © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 11 Special embedded switches Intrinsic QoS SCADA and telecommunication © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 12 Relaxed QoS: Supervisory Control and Data Aquisition Remote management High QoS Electric grid Electrified production platforms Quality of Service Jitter and delay Resiliency Bandwidth Time sync (SNTP 1 ms, IEEE 1588 10s of ns) Ethernet: © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 13 Rapid Spanning Tree E.g. Parallel Redundancy Protocol Telecom Per Service Level Agreement MPLS over SDH fast reroute Move to Carrier Ethernet Intrinsic QoS © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 14 Traffic engineering Source->Backbone->Destination 100M/1G EtherCAT Cyclic solutions e.g. Profinet IRT Synchronous Ethernet (ITU) 100 ms: ping to a remote website (19 hops) 10 ms: ping to LAN (1-2 ms typ.) Layer 2 QoS with Standard Ethernet © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 15 Time sync to approx. 1 ms without GPS clock in units Redundancy and parallel sending of data Branching and planned traffic aggregation Transmission and queuing delay gives a lower bound Key question only on the control network Sensitivity differs depending on the area e.g. several seconds of tolerance in a slow process Secondary use for supervision Typical area: factory automation and process automation Layer 3 QoS on IP © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 16 Similar to VoIP After the control loop, on the client/server network Resource Reservation Protocol Redundant transport Virtual Private Network Safety Integrated Systems © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 17 Imagine as yellow envelopes mixed into the traffic Requires software and might require hardware extensions The safety function is not depending on QoS! Safety levels: SIL 2, 3 and 4 Until approx. SIL 3, a normal, RSTP-redundant LAN is sufficient Redundancy © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 18 Rapid Spanning Tree Media Redundancy Protocol: only rings, two-way sending Redundant Network Routing Protocol: switchover to reserve network Multicast on IP (FF-HSE) AV Bridging and VoIP © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 19 IEEE 802 Audio Video Bridging Task Force Time sync Stream reservation Forwarding and Queuing Conclusion and Challenges © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 20 Requirements depend on the actual field Intrinsic QoS for the most demanding applications AV efforts may lead to better solutions also for industry Historical problems still limit the wider adaptation of Ethernet Challenges Shifting the border between control and client/server network (beside physical limits e.g. signal propagation) Cost of QoS in long haul Embedded switches © ABB Group February 10, 2013 | Slide 21