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1-4 Powers and Exponents
Warm Up
Simplify.
1. 2(2)
2. (–2)(–2)
STOP: Can you simplify?
3. (–2)(–2)(–2)
4. 3(3)(3)
5.
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Warm Up
Simplify.
1. 2(2) 4
2. (–2)(–2) 4
3. (–2)(–2)(–2) –8
4. 3(3)(3)
5.
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
27
4
9
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Objective
Simplify expressions containing exponents.
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Vocabulary
power
base
exponent
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
1-4 Powers and Exponents
A power is an expression written with an
exponent and a base or the value of such an
expression. 32 is an example of a power.
The base is the
number that is
used as a factor.
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
3
2
The exponent, 2 tells
how many times the
base, 3, is used as a
factor.
1-4 Powers and Exponents
When a number is raised to the second power,
we usually say it is “squared.” The area of a
square is s • s = s2, where s is the side length.
S
S
When a number is raised to the third power,
we usually say it is “cubed.” The of volume of
a cube is s • s • s = s3 where s is the side
S
length.
S
S
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Example 1A: Writing Powers for Geometric Models
Write the power represented by the
geometric model.
5
5
5
53
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
The figure is 5 units long, 5 units
wide, and 5 units tall. 5 × 5 × 5
The factor 5 is used 3 times.
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Example 1B: Writing Powers for Geometric Models
Write the power represented by the
geometric model.
6
6
62
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
The figure is 6 units long and 6
units wide. 6 x 6
The factor 6 is used 2 times.
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Check It Out! Example 1
Write the power represented by each geometric
model.
a.
Do you understand?
b.
x
x
x
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Check It Out! Example 1
Write the power represented by each geometric
model.
The figure is 2 units long and 2
units wide. 2 × 2
a.
22
The factor 2 is used 2 times.
b.
x
x
x
x3
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
The figure is x units long, x units
wide, and x units tall. x × x × x
The factor x is used 3 times.
1-4 Powers and Exponents
There are no easy geometric models for numbers
raised to exponents greater than 3, but you can
still write them using repeated multiplication or a
base and exponent.
Reading Exponents
Words
3 to the first power
3 to the second power,
or 3 squared
3 to the third power,
or 3 cubed
3 to the fourth power
3 to the fifth power
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
Multiplication Power
Value
3
31
3
3•3
32
9
3•3•3
33
27
3•3•3•3
34
81
3•3•3•3•3
35
243
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Caution!
In the expression –52, 5 is the
base because the negative
sign is not in parentheses.
In the expression (–2)2, –2 is
the base because of the
parentheses.
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Example 2: Evaluating Powers
Evaluate each expression.
A. (–6)3
(–6)(–6)(–6)
Use –6 as a factor 3 times.
–216
B. –102
–1 • 10 • 10
–100
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
Think of a negative sign in
front of a power as
multiplying by a –1. Find the
product of –1 and
two 10’s.
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Example 2: Evaluating Powers
Evaluate the expression.
C.
2•2
9 9
2 • 2= 4
9 9 81
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
Use 2 as a factor 2 times.
9
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Example 3: Writing Powers
Write each number as a power of the given base.
A. 64; base 8
8•8
The product of two 8’s is 64.
82
B. 81; base –3
(–3)(–3)(–3)(–3)
(–3)4
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
The product of four –3’s is
81.
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Check It Out! Example 2
Simplify each expression.
a. (–5)3
Do you understand?
b. –62
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
Can you simplify?
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Check It Out! Example 2
Simplify each expression.
a. (–5)3
(–5)(–5)(–5)
Use –5 as a factor 3 times.
–125
b. –62
–1 • 6 • 6
–36
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
Think of a negative sign in
front of a power as
multiplying by –1.
Find the product of –1 and
two 6’s.
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Check It Out! Example 2
Simplify each expression.
c.
Do you understand?
Can you simplify?
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Check It Out! Example 2
Simplify each expression.
c.
Use 3 as a factor 3 times.
4
27
64
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Check It Out! Example 3
Write each number as a power of a given base.
a. 64; base 8
b. –27; base –3
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
Do you understand?
Can you write each
number as a power of
the given base?
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Check It Out! Example 3
Write each number as a power of a given base.
a. 64; base 8
8•8
The product of two 8’s is 64.
82
b. –27; base –3
(–3)(–3)(–3)
–33
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
The product of three (–3)’s is –27.
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Example 4: Problem-Solving Application
In case of a school closing, the PTA
president calls 3 families. Each of
these families calls 3 other families
and so on. How many families will have
been called in the 4th round of calls?
1
Understand the problem
The answer will be the number of families
contacted in the 4th round of calls.
List the important information:
• The PTA president calls 3 families.
• Each family then calls 3 more families.
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Example 4 Continued
2
Make a Plan
Draw a diagram to show the number of
Families called in each round of calls.
PTA President
1st round of calls
2nd round of calls
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Example 4 Continued
3
Solve
Notice that after each round of calls the
number of families contacted is a power of 3.
1st round of calls: 1 • 3 = 3 or 31 families contacted
2nd round of calls: 3 • 3 = 9 or 32 families contacted
3rd round of calls: 9 • 3 = 27 or 33 families contacted
So, in the 4th round of calls, 34 families will have
been contacted.
34 = 3 • 3 • 3 • 3 = 81 Multiply four 3’s.
In the fourth round of calls, 81 families
will have been contacted.
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
1-4 Powers and Exponents
Example 4 Continued
4
Look Back
Drawing a diagram helps you visualize the
problem, but the numbers become too
large for a diagram. The diagram helps you
recognize the pattern of multiplying by 3
so that you can write the number as a
power of 3.
Holt McDougal Algebra 1