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DATASHEET FOR IN-TEXT LAB
Data Lab
Decoding the Genetic Code
Background
Keratin is one of the proteins in hair. The gene for keratin is transcribed and
translated by certain skin cells. The series of letters below represents the
sequence of nucleotides in a portion of an mRNA molecule transcribed from the
gene for keratin. This mRNA strand and the genetic code in the table below can
be used to determine some of the amino acids in keratin.
mRNA Segment
U
C
U
C
G
U
G
A
A
U
U
U
U
C
C
Codons in mRNA
Second base
First
base
U
C
A
G
Third
base
U
UUU
Phenylalanine
UUC
UUA
Leucine
UUG
UCU
UCC Serine
UCA
UCG
UAU
Tyrosine
UAC
UAA
Stop
UAG
UGU
Cysteine
UGC
UGA Stop
UGG Tryptophan
U
C
A
G
C
CUU
CUC
CUA
CUG
CCU
CCC
CCA
CCG
CAU
CAC
CAA
CAG
CGU
CGC
CGA
CGG
U
C
A
G
A
G
AUU
AUC
AUA
AUG
Leucine
Isoleucine
Start
GUU
GUC Valine
GUA
GUG
ACU
ACC
ACA
ACG
Proline
Threonine
GCU
GCC Alanine
GCA
GCG
AAU
AAC
AAA
AAG
GAU
GAC
GAA
GAG
Histidine
Glutamine
Asparagine
Lysine
Aspartic
acid
Glutamic
acid
AGU
AGC
AGA
AGG
Arginine
Serine
Arginine
GGU
GGC Glycine
GGA
GGG
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
Analysis
1. Determine the sequence of amino acids that will result from the translation of
the segment of mRNA above.
2. Determine the anticodon of each tRNA molecule that will bind to this mRNA
segment.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Holt Biology
Program Title
35
How Proteins
Chapter
Are Made
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Decoding the Genetic Code continued
3. Critical Thinking
Recognizing Patterns Determine the sequence of nucleotides in the segment
of DNA from which the mRNA strand on the previous page was transcribed.
4. Critical Thinking
Recognizing Patterns Determine the sequence of nucleotides in the segment
of DNA that is complementary to the DNA segment described in item 3.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Holt Biology
Program Title
36
How Proteins
Chapter
Are Made
Title
Back
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TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE
Name
Class
Date
DATASHEET FOR IN-TEXT LAB
Data Lab
Decoding the Genetic Code
Background
Keratin is one of the proteins in hair. The gene for keratin is transcribed and
translated by certain skin cells. The series of letters below represents the
sequence of nucleotides in a portion of an mRNA molecule transcribed from the
gene for keratin. This mRNA strand and the genetic code in the table below can
be used to determine some of the amino acids in keratin.
mRNA Segment
U
C
U
C
G
U
G
A
A
U
U
U
U
C
C
Codons in mRNA
Second base
First
base
U
C
A
G
Third
base
U
UUU
Phenylalanine
UUC
UUA
Leucine
UUG
UCU
UCC Serine
UCA
UCG
UAU
Tyrosine
UAC
UAA
Stop
UAG
UGU
Cysteine
UGC
UGA Stop
UGG Tryptophan
U
C
A
G
C
CUU
CUC
CUA
CUG
CCU
CCC
CCA
CCG
CAU
CAC
CAA
CAG
CGU
CGC
CGA
CGG
U
C
A
G
A
G
AUU
AUC
AUA
AUG
Leucine
Isoleucine
Start
GUU
GUC Valine
GUA
GUG
ACU
ACC
ACA
ACG
Proline
Threonine
GCU
GCC Alanine
GCA
GCG
AAU
AAC
AAA
AAG
GAU
GAC
GAA
GAG
Histidine
Glutamine
Asparagine
Lysine
Aspartic
acid
Glutamic
acid
AGU
AGC
AGA
AGG
Arginine
Serine
Arginine
GGU
GGC Glycine
GGA
GGG
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
Analysis
1. Determine the sequence of amino acids that will result from the translation of
the segment of mRNA above.
Serine-arginine-glutamic acid-phenylalanine-serine
2. Determine the anticodon of each tRNA molecule that will bind to this mRNA
segment.
AGA, GCA, CUU, AAA, AGG
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Holt Biology
Program Title
57
How Proteins
Chapter
Are Made
Title
Back
Print
TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE
Name
Class
Date
Decoding the Genetic Code continued
3. Critical Thinking
Recognizing Patterns Determine the sequence of nucleotides in the segment
of DNA from which the mRNA strand on the previous page was transcribed.
AGAGCACTTAAAAGG
4. Critical Thinking
Recognizing Patterns Determine the sequence of nucleotides in the segment
of DNA that is complementary to the DNA segment described in item 3.
TCTCGTGAATTTTCC
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Holt Biology
Program Title
58
How Proteins
Chapter
Are Made
Title