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Pre-Historic Georgia The indigenous people came from Asia across the "Bering Land Bridge"! Dr. Eldrick H. Horton © Pre-Historic Georgia A rchaic P Woodlands aleo Mississippians Dr. Eldrick H. Horton © Where is Georgia? Georgia 5 Regions/6 Physical Features/NW Hemispheres/USA Place/Location/ Regions/ Features Dr. Eldrick H. Horton © Where is Georgia? 4 Most Georgians Live In This Region... 2 6 3 1 •Fall Line •Barrier Islands •Okefenokee Swamp •Appalachian Mtns. •Chattahoochee River •Savannah River Dr. Eldrick H. Horton © 5 European Exploration and Colonization Great Britain Hernando De Soto Gold Catholic Missions Friars St Catherine's Barrier Islands Guale Mocama Protestants Huguenots Mercantilism Virginia Colony Jamestown France Spain Dr. Eldrick H. Horton © Georgia Becomes a Colony... Dr. Eldrick H. Horton © "The Trustee Period" 1732-1752 •21-21-5 •Trustees •Years •"Rules of the Land" •James Oglethorpe (GB) •Friend Died in Debtor's Prison •Wanted GA to be a Colony for the "Worthy Poor” •Chief Tomochichi •Mary Musgrove •City of Savannah •The Salzburgers •The Highland Scots •The "Battle of Bloody Marsh" •The "Spanish Threat" Dr. Eldrick H. Horton © •King George II Approved (Charter of 1732) it For 3 Reasons: •Charity/ Economics/ Defense ("Spanish Threat") "Royal Colony" 1752-1776 Royal Governors John Reynolds Henry Ellis James Wright The Road to Discontent and The American Revolution... Colonist/Patriots/Whigs vs Great Britain/Loyalists/Tories French and Indian War France and Great Britain Also known as the "Seven Year's War" Native Americans Fought with France Fought Over the Ohio River Valley Territory Great Britain Won The "Treaty of Paris" gave G.B. the Territory... King George III's "Proclamation of 1763" Dr. Eldrick H. Horton © The War Was Expensive... the Colonist Paid... The "Sugar Act" The "Stamp Act" "TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION " "Son's of Liberty" and the "Boston Massacre" The "Townshend Act" The "Tea Act" The "Boston Tea Party" The "Intolerable Acts" The fighting begins at the "Battle of Lexington and Concord"! Georgia in the American Revolution... "The siege of Savannah" "Battle of Kettle Creek" •Georgia was a Loyal Colony •Georgia gained Territory after the French and Indian War •Georgia was the Only Colony to Follow the "Stamp Act" •Georgia's Group of "Patriots" were the "Liberty Boys" •When the colonists met at the First Continental Congress, Georgia had no delegates. Elijah Clarke Austin Dabney Nancy Hart Dr. Eldrick H. Horton © Georgia's Role With "The Declaration of Independence" Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall and George Walton - Georgia’s Second Provincial Congress met in Tondee’s Tavern (“The Cradle of Liberty in Georgia”) in Savannah, GA and appointed delegates to the Second Continental Congress. They Signed the Declaration of Independence. Preamble-Feelings Body-Grievance Against the King Conclusion-Declared Independence Dr. Eldrick H. Horton © Georgia's Constitution of 1777 and the U.S. Constitution Georgia's Constitution of 1777 was Modeled after the Articles of Confederation No Tax Collection System Too Much Legislative Power (Unicameral) No Military to Enforce Laws • Georgia had two delegate that signed the Constitution : • Abraham Baldwin (His vote forced a tie over the issue to support small state representation) • He helped develop the “Great Compromise” (Each state gets 2 members (bicameral) in the Senate, but representation in the House of Representation was based on the states’ population. • William Few (voted in favor of the National Government) • Baldwin and Few hoped the Federal Government would help them fight the Native Americans in Georgia. • On January 2, 1788, Georgia was the 4th State to Ratify (approve) the U.S. Constitution. • Since southern states were made up of many slaves , how weren’t allowed to vote, the population was counted by measuring each slave as 3/5 of a person (“The Three-Fifths Compromise”). • In 1791, Ten Amendments were added to the Constitution called the “Bill of Rights”. Dr. Eldrick H. Horton © Georgia's Growth and Expansion 1st State University in the U.S.A. - U.G.A. Athens, GA Capitol City - Moved From Savannah to Louisville Baptist and Methodist Church Growth - "Second Great Awakening" Land Policies - Headright System, Land Lotteries and the Yazoo Land Fraud Technological Growth - Raildroads & Cotton Gin (Eli Whitney) Dr. Eldrick H. Horton © Indian Removal Creek 2 chiefs and 2 Treaties Alexander McGillivray - Treaty of New York William McIntosh - Treaty of Indian Springs Cherokee "Assimilates" (White Life)/Sequoyah (Written Language) Chief John Ross Dahlonega Gold Rush - Georgia Wanted the Land President Andrew Jackson Executed the "Indian Removal Act" Worcester vs Georgia (Court Case Challenging the "Indian Removal Act") Judge John Marshall Ruled in Favor of the Cherokee A Group of Cherokee Eventually Gave-Up the Land With the Treaty of Echota "The Trail of Tears" Dr. Eldrick H. Horton © Causes of the Civil War Sectionalism Slavery States' Rights Tariff of 1828 Nullification Missouri Compromise (Missouri/Maine) (2 at a time) Compromise of 1850 (C.A./ Fugitive Slave Act) Georgia Platform (Uphold the Fugitive Slave Act/Not ban Slavery) Kansas-Nebraska Act (Popular Sovereignty) Key Events... Key Events... First Battle - Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 Kentucky, Maryland,Missouri and Delaware were "border states" - Didn't join the Confederacy Antietam- Bloodiest Day of the War Emancipation Proclamation - Slaves Free Chickamauga - Georgia's first and largest battle Dr. Eldrick H. Horton © Union Blockade - Prevented the South from trading with Europe Gettysburg- Largest and deadliest Battle (Union Won) Atlanta Campaign - The Union's mission to take Atlanta - General William Sherman forced Confederates out of Atlanta and burned 90% of the city. Sherman continued his "march to the sea" taking Savannah. Dred Scott (Blacks Not a Citizen/ Can't Sue) Election of 1860 (Republican Abraham Lincoln-AntiSlavery) GA seceded from the Union in 1/21/1861 Alexander Stephen voted against secession) Key Events... Captured Union soldiers were placed in Andersonville Prison -horrible Conditions - 13700 soldiers are buried there. General Lee surrendered to the Union April 9, 1865 - The War Was Over 620,000 died... 2/3's from disease, wounds or prison hardships. Reconstruction Admitting Southern States Back Into The Union... Freedmen's Bureau Sharecroppers and Tenant Farmers 13th Amendment - Outlawed Slavery 14th Amendment - Citizenship and Protection Under the Law 15th Amendment - All Males the Right to Vote Regardless of Race Henry McNeal Turner and Other Black Legislators Won Elections in Georgia for the First Time. Klu Klux Klan - The Rise of Secret Hate Groups Dr. Eldrick H. Horton © "The New South" Bourbon Triumvirate "Industry and Business is better than agriculture." Racial Tension grew as Hoke Smith ran for Governor and promised to remove the voting rights of Blacks... Joseph Brown John Gordon Alfred Colquitt Wealthy Democrats who argued for Industry and Business in Georgia; Believed in White Supremacy... Henry Grady - An ally of the Bourbon Triumvirate- Editor of the AJC - Voice of the South - Advocated for the "New South" The International Cotton Explosion - Hosted in Georgia to spotlight Georgia Populist- Farmers hated the industry/business movement - started the Farmer's Alliance- led to the Populist Party under Tom Watson Rebecca Latimer Felton - First U.S. Female Senator- for 24 hours - Replaced Tom Watson Dr. Eldrick H. Horton © Atlanta Race Riots - 1906 Frank Leo Case - Antisemitism County Unit System - Voting System that supported small counties Jim Crow Laws - Segregation Plessy v. Ferguson - "Segregation was legal" as long as "separate was equal"... Disenfranchisement- Denying Voting Rights Racial Violence- KKK, cross burnings, polling places, churches The Response from Blacks... Booker T. Washington - No integration/Hard work/Vocational Education W. E. B. Du Bois - Believed that Blacks should speak out for their rights! John Hope - First President of Morehouse College and founded the first Black Graduate School for African Americans Lugenia Burns Hope - founded Neigh7Union for poor blacks Georgia and World War I... CAUSES: M.A.I.N./Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand GEORGIA'S CONTRIBUTIONS: Training Camps Built Planes Trained Pilots Prisoners of War Camps Victory Gardens