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Properties and Uses of Metals Elements Metals and their Symbols Copper (Cu) Appearance Properties Uses Reddish brown solid - Good conductor of electricity - Ductile - Corrosion resistant - Strong - Copper wires - Pipes Zinc (Zn) Grey solid - Good conductor of electricity - Corrosion resistant - Strong - Zinc is used inside batteries to produce electricity - Zinc plating for coins Aluminum (Al) Silvery shiny solid - - Cooking foils - Drink cans Mercury (Hg) Silvery liquid - Does not react easily with other chemicals - Mercury vapour is fluorescent (gives out light) - Good conductor of heat - Expands evenly on heating - Used in thermometers - Used to measure blood pressure Magnesium (Mg) Grey solid Iron (Fe) Grey solid - Burns with a dazzling white light - Forms alkali to neutralize excess acid in stomach - Good conductor of heat and electricity - Ductile - Strong - Magnetic - Used to make milk of magnesia which is used to relieve acid indigestion - Used to make cutlery. Low density Corrosion resistant Strong and light Malleable Properties and Uses of Non-Metals Elements Non-Metals and their symbols Iodine (I) Appearance Properties Uses Black Crystals - Used as antiseptic in medicine Chlorine (Cl) Greenish yellow gas - Poisonous - Antiseptic - (prevents wound infection) - Poisonous - Bleaches dyes Sulphur (S) Yellow powdery solid - Poisonous - Soluble in organic solvent - (e.g. alcohol) but not in water - Used to make rubber tyres harder through a process called “vulcanization” Diamond (Carbon, C) Hardest substance known to man - Can be polished to form a shiny, reflecting, transparent solid - Used as diamond drills to cut through very hard metal Graphite (Carbon, C) Black solid - Used to make rackets Hydrogen (H) Colourless gas - Smooth - Lightweight - Good conductor of electricity - Gas with the lowest density - Explosive Nitrogen (N) Colourless gas - Used to make fertiliser for farm Oxygen (O) Colourless gas - Non-reactive, does not burn or support combustion - Low boiling point - Essential for life - Does not burn but support combustion Neon (Ne) Colourless and odorless - Exist as a single atom - Noble gas Used in making neon advertising signs Helium (He) Colourless and odorless - Exist as a single atom - Noble gas - airships and balloons can be filled with the gas to gain lift. - Helium is used to condense hydrogen and oxygen to make rocket fuel. - Used for bleaches for clothes - Used to fill weather balloons and blimps - Used in the flames for welding First 20 Elements and their Symbols Proton No Name Symbol 1 Hydrogen H 2 Helium He 3 Lithium L 4 Beryllium Be 5 Boron B 6 Carbon C 7 Nitrogen N 8 Oxygen O 9 Fluorine F 10 Neon Ne 11 Sodium Na 12 Magnesium Mg 13 Aluminum Al 14 Silicon Si 15 Phosphorus P 16 Sulfur S 17 Chlorine Cl 18 Argon Ar 19 Potassium K 20 Calcium Ca