Download Ch 7 (cellular respiration) Powerpoint Slides

Figure 7.UN01
becomes oxidized
(loses electron)
becomes reduced
(gains electron)
Figure 7.UN03
becomes oxidized
becomes reduced
Figure 7.5
H2  ½ O2

2H
Controlled
release of
energy
Free energy, G
Free energy, G
2 H  2 e−
Explosive
release
ATP
ATP
ATP
2 e−
2
½ O2
H
H2O
(a) Uncontrolled reaction
½ O2
H2O
(b) Cellular respiration
Figure 7.UN05
1. Glycolysis (color-coded teal throughout the chapter)
2. Pyruvate oxidation and the Krebs (citric acid)cycle
(color-coded salmon)
3. Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and
chemiosmosis (color-coded violet)
Figure 7.6-1
Electrons
via NADH
Glycolysis
Glucose
Pyruvate
CYTOSOL
ATP
Substrate-level
MITOCHONDRION
Figure 7.6-2
Electrons
via NADH and
FADH2
Electrons
via NADH
Glycolysis
Glucose
Pyruvate
CYTOSOL
Pyruvate
oxidation
Acetyl CoA
Krebs
cycle
MITOCHONDRION
ATP
ATP
Substrate-level
Substrate-level
Figure 7.6-3
Electrons
via NADH and
FADH2
Electrons
via NADH
Glycolysis
Glucose
Pyruvate
CYTOSOL
Pyruvate
oxidation
Acetyl CoA
Krebs
cycle
Oxidative
phosphorylation:
electron transport
and
chemiosmosis
MITOCHONDRION
ATP
ATP
ATP
Substrate-level
Substrate-level
Oxidative
Inner membrane
Intermembrane space
Matrix
5
Cristae
Outer membrane
Figure 7.UN06
Glycolysis
ATP
Pyruvate
oxidation
Krebs
cycle
Oxidative
phosphorylation
ATP
ATP
Figure 7.8
Energy Investment Phase
Glucose
2 ADP  2 P
2 ATP
used
4 ATP
formed
Energy Payoff Phase
4 ADP  4 P
2 NAD  4 e−  4 H
2 NADH  2 H
2 Pyruvate  2 H2O
Net
Glucose
4 ATP formed − 2 ATP used
2 NAD  4 e−  4 H
2 Pyruvate  2 H2O
2 ATP
2 NADH  2 H
Figure 7.UN07
Glycolysis
ATP
Pyruvate
oxidation
Krebs
cycle
Oxidative
phosphorylation
ATP
ATP
Figure 7.10a
Pyruvate
CYTOSOL
(from glycolysis,
2 molecules per glucose)
NAD
CO2
CoA
NADH
 H
Acetyl CoA
MITOCHONDRION
CoA
Figure 7.10b
Acetyl CoA
CoA
CoA
Krebs
cycle
2 CO2
3 NAD
FADH2
3 NADH
FAD
 3 H
ADP  P
ATP
i
Figure 7.11-6
Acetyl CoA
CoA-SH
NADH
 H
H2O
1
NAD
Oxaloacetate
8
2
Malate
Citrate
Isocitrate
NAD
H2O
Krebs
cycle
7
NADH
3
 H
CO2
Fumarate
CoA-SH
-Ketoglutarate
4
6
CoA-SH
5
FADH2
NAD
FAD
Succinate
P
GTP GDP
ADP
ATP
NADH
i
Succinyl
CoA
ATP formation
 H
CO2
Figure 7.UN09
Glycolysis
ATP
Pyruvate
oxidation
Krebs
cycle
ATP
Oxidative
phosphorylation:
electron transport
and chemiosmosis
ATP
Figure 7.14
H
H
H
Protein
complex
of electron
carriers
H
Cyt c
IV
Q
III
I
II
FADH2 FAD
NADH
2 H  ½ O2
ATP
synthase
H2O
NAD
ADP  P
(carrying electrons
from food)
ATP
i
H
1 Electron transport chain
Oxidative phosphorylation
2 Chemiosmosis
Figure 7.15
Electron shuttles
span membrane
CYTOSOL
2 NADH
6 NADH
2 NADH
Glycolysis
Glucose
MITOCHONDRION
2 NADH
or
2 FADH2
2
Pyruvate
Pyruvate
oxidation
2 Acetyl CoA
 2 ATP
Maximum per glucose:
2 FADH2
Krebs
cycle
Oxidative
phosphorylation:
electron transport
and
chemiosmosis
 2 ATP
 about 26 or 28 ATP
About
30 or 32 ATP
Figure 7.UN11
Inputs
Outputs
Glycolysis
Glucose
2 Pyruvate  2
ATP
 2 NADH
Figure 7.UN12
Outputs
Inputs
2 Pyruvate
2 Acetyl CoA
2 Oxaloacetate
2
ATP
6
CO2 2 FADH2
8 NADH
Krebs
cycle
Bell Work: Draw a flow diagram depicted how
reactants and products flow through the 3 steps
of cellular respiration
Alcoholic Fermentation
• Pyruvate releases CO2
• Resulting compound reduced by NADH to
ethanol
• Bacteria
Lactic Acid Fermentation
• Pyruvate reduced by NADH to lactate
• Animals, fungi, and bacteria
• Buildup causes muscle fatigue (ATP use outpaces O2 supply)
Animation: Fermentation Overview
Right click slide / Select play
In respect to evolution, why is glycolysis so important?
Ancient prokaryotes are thought to have used glycolysis
long before there was oxygen in the atmosphere
Very little O2 was available in the atmosphere until
about 2.7 billion years ago, but bacteria have been
dated back 3.5 billion years
Early prokaryotes likely used only glycolysis to
generate ATP
Glycolysis is a very ancient process