Download Atoms, Molecules, Compounds

Atoms, Molecules, Compounds
• All matter is made of one or more
elements.
Elements are pure substances that
cannot be broken down by any
chemical or physical means.
Elements
A substance
consisting of a
single type of
atom.
It cannot be
broken down
into different
kinds of matter.
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Atoms
The basic component of
all matter.
The atom is the smallest
particle of an element
that has all of the
chemical properties of
that element.
Atoms consist of a
nucleus of protons and
neutrons surrounded by
electrons.
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• Atoms are composed of 3 subatomic
particles called protons, neutrons and
electrons.
• The center of the atom is called the
nucleus. It contains protons and
neutrons.
• Circling around the nucleus is 1 or more
electrons.
• Atoms are different from each other
because each element’s atoms have
different #s of the subatomic particles.
• The electron is found moving
around the outside of the nucleus.
• The electron has a (-) electric
charge.
• The has a mass of 0.0005 amu.
(The mass of the electron is so
small compared to the proton and
neutron that it is ignored.)
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• Protons are located in the center core of the atom
called the nucleus.
• Protons have a positive electric charge (+1)
• Protons (p+) have a mass of 1 amu (atomic mass
units).
Structure / Parts of the Helium
Atom
Electron
Neutron
Proton
• Neutrons are also located in the nucleus.
• Neutrons are electrically neutral. They do
not have a charge.
• Neutrons (n0) have a mass of 1 amu.
AMU = protons + neutrons +
electrons
The periodic table gives the following
information about each element and its
atoms.
• Atomic Number
• Atomic Mass
• Element Symbol
Sample Periodic Table
• The symbol is an abbreviation for the
name of each element. It’s either 1 or
2 letters with the 1st letter capitalized.
• The atomic number is the smaller of
the 2 numbers. This number tells us
the number of protons and the
number of electrons in the atom.
• The atomic mass # is the sum of
the protons, neutrons, and
electrons.
• This number is used to find the
number of neutrons.
• Neutrons =
Atomic mass (rounded) – atomic
number
A.M. – A.N. = n0
Combinations of Elements:
Compounds
A substance formed
from two or more
elements, with a fixed
ratio determining the
composition.
The elements lose
their individual
chemical properties
and the compound
has new properties.
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Molecules
Compound of two or
more atoms, the
smallest unit of
chemical compounds.
The smallest particle of
a substance that has all
of the physical and
chemical properties of
that substance.
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Combinations of Elements:
Mixtures
A substance consisting of
two or more substances
mixed together.
Mixtures can usually be
separated by mechanical
means.
Two or more substances
mixed together in such a
way that each remains
unchanged.
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Formulas
The formula which
identifies the atoms and
the number of each type
of atom in the molecules
of a compound.
The number and types
of atoms in a molecule.
Glucose C6H12O6
Formulas
6C6H12O6
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Elements in the compound
Formulas:
Subscripts
6C6H12O6
Number of atoms of each element in a molecule
of the compound:
Carbon = 6
Hydrogen = 12
Oxygen = 6
Formulas:
Coefficients
6C6H12O6
Number of molecules =
6 molecules of glucose