Download 7.2 Cell Structures and Functions Organelle Definition and Notes

Name __________________________________ Period ________ 7.2 Cell Structures and Functions Part A. The cell membrane and nucleus (p. 144) Looking at cells under a microscope. 1. To make cell parts visible under a microscope, you can apply a ______________ to the cells. 2. A _______________ is a dye that binds to certain compounds in cells. 3. __________________________________________ is a stain often used to look at animal cells. It binds to proteins and makes the nucleus of the cell stand out. It also makes individual cells stand out by staining the _______________________________. Part B Organelles and their functions (p. 144-­‐146) Organelle Definition and Notes Cell Membrane A thin layer that separates the inside of the cell from its outside environment. • It keeps the ___________________ inside while letting ______________ products out. • It also lets _____________ into the cell. • It is made out of _____________ and ________________. Nucleus The nucleus is often called the “control center” of the cell because it contains DNA. • The most visible organelle in a ___________________________ cell is the nucleus. • ________ is the hereditary material that carries all of the information on how to make the cell’s ________________. • You might say it’s kind of like a __________________ book. Nucleolus The darker spot in the nucleus. • Acts as a _______________________ for materials that are used by other organelles. Mitochondria Organelles that produce much of the energy a cell needs to carry out its functions. • They are _______-­‐shaped organelles surrounded by two ___________________. • The inner membrane contains many folds, where _________________ reactions take place. • Mitochondria can only work if they have _______________________. The reason you breathe air is to get enough ________________ for your mitochondria. • Cells in active tissues – like ____________ and ____________ cells – have the most mitochondria. Vacuoles An organelle that stores food, water, and other materials needed by the cell. • Plant cells usually have on large _________________ that stores most of the water they need. Endoplasmic An organelle that transports proteins inside of the cell. reticulum (ER) • The endoplasmic reticulum (_____) is a series of __________________ throughout the ______________________. • They transport ___________________ from one part of the cell to another. • You can think of the ER as a series of _____________ and connected _____________. Sketch/diagram Ribosomes Golgi bodies Lysosomes Cytoskeleton An organelle that makes proteins. • Ribosomes are the __________________ factories of the cell. • When ______________________ make proteins, they release them into the ________. • Some ________________________ are not attached to the ER, but float in the _____________________________. An organelle that receives proteins, packages them, and distributes them. • Golgi bodies receive _______________ and other compounds from the _____. They package these materials and distribute them to other parts of the cells. They also release materials _______________ of the cell. • The number and size of _______________________ found in a cell depends on the quantity of compounds produced in a cell. The more compounds produces, the more and larger ___________________________ there are. For example, a large number Golgi bodies are found in cells that produce ___________________________ __________________________. An organelle that contains enzymes that breaks things down to be reused by the cell. • ________________________ pick up foreign invaders such as ___________________, food, and old ____________________ and break them into small pieces that can be reused. A series of protein fibers inside of a cell that give structure and shape to the cell. • The ______________________________ is a series of fibers made from _____________________. • It provides _____________________ to the cell and gives it its ___________________. Part D. How plant cells are different from animal cells. (p. 148) Plant Cells Animal Cells Both Plant and Animals Cells Word bank for chart: Cell membrane, lysosome, cell wall, mitochondria, chloroplast, ER, golgi body, cytoplasm, central vacuole, vacuole, ribosome, cytoskeleton