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Latin term Termini generales Verticalis Horizontalis Medianus Coronalis Sagittalis Dexter Sinister Intermedius Medialis Lateralis Anterior Posterior Ventralis Dorsalis Frontalis Occipitalis Superior Inferior Cranialis Caudalis Rostralis Apicalis Basalis Basilaris Medius Transversus Longitudinalis Axialis Externus Internus Luminalis Superficialis Profundus Proximalis Distalis Centralis Periphericus Latin synonym UK English term General terms Vertical Horizontal Median Coronal Sagittal Right Left Intermediate Medial Lateral Anterior Posterior Ventral Dorsal Frontal Occipital Superior Inferior Cranial Caudal Rostral Apical Basal Basilar Middle Transverse Longitudinal Axial External Internal Luminal Superficial Deep Proximal Distal Central Peripheral Radialis Ulnaris Fibularis Peroneus Radial Ulnar Fibular Tibialis Palmaris Volaris Tibial Palmar General Anatomy American English term English synonyms and eponyms Notes General terms Vertical Horizontal Median Coronal Sagittal Right Left Intermediate Medial Lateral Anterior Posterior Ventral Dorsal Frontal Occipital Superior Inferior Cranial Caudal Rostral Apical Basal Basilar Middle Transverse Longitudinal Axial External Internal Luminal Superficial Deep Proximal Distal Central Peripheral One of the original rules of BNA was that each entity should have one and only one name. As part of the effort to reduce the number of recognized synonyms, the Latin synonym peripheralis was removed. The older, more commonly used of the two neo-Latin words was retained. Radial Ulnar Fibular Peroneal As part of the effort to reduce the number of synonyms, peronealis and peroneal were removed. Because perone is not a recognized synonym of fibula, peronealis is not a good term to use for position or direction in the lower limb. Tibial Palmar Volar Volar is an older term that is not used for other references such as palmar arterial arches, palmaris longus and brevis, etc. Plantaris Flexorius Plantar Flexor Plantar Flexor Extensorius Extensor Extensor Partes corporis humani Caput Sinciput Occiput Tempus Auris Facies Oculus Bucca Nasus Ostium orale Mentum Cervix Truncus Thorax Pectus Abdomen Pelvis Dorsum Membrum superius Cingulum pectorale Omos Membrum superius liberum Plica axillaris anterior Plica axillaris posterior Axilla Brachium Cubitus Antebrachium Manus Carpus Metacarpus Palma; Vola Dorsum manus Digiti manus Pollex Index Digitus medius manus Digitus anularis Digitus minimus manus Membrum inferius Cingulum pelvicum Clunes Coxa Parts of human body Head Forehead Occiput Temple Ear Face Eye Cheek Nose Mouth Chin Collum Neck Trunk Thorax Anterior chest Abdomen Pelvis Back Upper limb Cingulum membri superioris Pectoral girdle Vola Digitus primus (I) Digitus secundus (II) Digitus tertius (III) Digitus quartus (IV) Digitus quintus (V) Cingulum membri inferioris Nates Shoulder Free part of upper limb Anterior axillary fold Posterior axillary fold Axilla Arm Elbow Forearm Hand Wrist Metacarpus Palm Dorsum of hand Digits of hand Thumb Index finger Middle finger Ring finger Little finger Lower limb Pelvic girdle Buttocks Hip Parts of human body Head Forehead Occiput Temple Ear Face Eye Cheek Nose Mouth Chin Neck Trunk Thorax Anterior chest Abdomen Pelvis Back Upper limb Pectoral girdle Shoulder Free part of upper limb Anterior axillary fold Posterior axillary fold Axilla Arm Elbow Forearm Hand Wrist Metacarpus Palm Dorsum of hand Digits of hand Thumb Index finger Middle finger Ring finger Little finger Lower limb Pelvic girdle Buttocks Hip The Latin term was corrected from flexor to the proper adjectival form. The English equivalent remains flexor because it is used as both noun and adjective in English. The Latin term was corrected from extensor to the proper adjectival form. The English equivalent remains extensor because it is used as both noun and adjective in English. Ostium should be used consistently for openings to distinguish it from os, bone. Front of chest Upper limb girdle; Shoulder girdle Cingulum membri superioris translates to Upper limb girdle Antibrachium How does metacarpus differ from palm? Is this outdated terminology? Vola is an outdated term which is not used currently. Fingers including thumb First digit; Digit 1 Second digit; Digit 2 Third digit; Digit 3 Fourth digit; Digit 4 Fifth digit; Digit 5 Lower limb girdle Digiti manus translates to digits of hand. See A01.2.07.026 for comparable use. Digits should be numbered using Arabic numerals. Membrum inferius liberum Femur Genu Poples Crus Sura Pes Talus Free part of lower limb Thigh Knee Posterior part of knee Leg Calf Foot Ankle Free part of lower limb Thigh Knee Posterior part of knee Leg Calf Foot Ankle Calx Metatarsus Planta Dorsum pedis Digiti pedis Hallux Digitus secundus [II] Digitus tertius [III] Digitus quartus [IV] Digitus minimus Cavitates Cavitas cranii Cavitas thoracis Cavitas abdominis et pelvis Cavitas abdominis Cavitas pelvis Plana, lineae et regiones Plana coronalia Plana horizontalia Plana sagittalia Planum medianum Heel Metatarsus Sole Dorsum of foot Digits of foot Great toe Second toe Third toe Fourth toe Little toe Cavities Cranial cavity Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity Planes, lines, and regions Coronal planes Horizontal planes Sagittal planes Median plane Heel Metatarsus Sole Dorsum of foot Digits of foot Great toe Second toe Third toe Fourth toe Little toe Cavities Cranial cavity Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity Planes, lines, and regions Coronal planes Horizontal planes Sagittal planes Median plane Paramedian planes Transverse planes Transpyloric plane Subcostal plane Supracristal plane Intertubercular plane Interspinous plane Anterior median line Sternal line Parasternal line Midclavicular line Mamillary line Anterior axillary line Midaxillary line Posterior axillary line Scapular line Paravertebral line Paramedian planes Transverse planes Transpyloric plane Subcostal plane Supracristal plane Intertubercular plane Interspinous plane Anterior median line Sternal line Parasternal line Midclavicular line Mammillary line Anterior axillary line Midaxillary line Posterior axillary line Scapular line Paravertebral line Plana paramediana Plana transversalia Planum transpyloricum Planum subcostale Planum subracristale Planum intertuberculare Planum interspinale Linea mediana anterior Linea sternalis Linea parasternalis Linea medioclavicularis Linea mammillaris Linea axillaris anterior Linea axillaris media Linea axillaris posterior Linea scapularis Linea paravertebralis Digitus primus [I] Digitus quintus [V] Plana frontalia The English equivalent of tarsus is incorrectly given as "ankle" in TA. Classically (e.g., in Galen), tarsus (ταρσός) is a broad, flat surface, such as the sole of the foot, especially the part between the toes and the heel. The best Latin term for ankle is talus, which has been used for both ankle and anklebone. Toes First digit; Digit 1 Second digit; Digit 2 Third digit; Digit 3 Fourth digit; Digit 4 Fifth toe; Fifth digit; Digit 5 Digiti pedis translates to Digits of foot Digits should be numbered using Arabic numerals. Frontal planes Horizontal and transverse planes are synonymous, as are axial planes. Median sagittal plane; Mid-sagittal plane Parasagittal planes Horizontal and transverse planes are synonymous, as are axial planes. Addison's plane Nipple line Linea mediana posterior Regiones capitis Regio frontalis Regio parietalis Regio occipitalis Regio temporalis Regio auricularis Regio mastoidea Regio facialis Sulcus suprapalpebralis Regio orbitalis Sulcus infrapalpebralis Regio infraorbitalis Regio buccalis Regio parotideomasseterica Regio zygomatica Regio nasalis Sulcus nasolabialis Regio oralis Sulcus mentolabialis Regio mentalis Regiones cervicales Regio cervicalis anterior Trigonum cervicale anterius Posterior median line Regions of head Frontal region Parietal region Occipital region Temporal region Auricular region Mastoid region Facial region Suprapalpebral sulcus Orbital region Infrapalpebral sulcus Infra-orbital region Buccal region Parotideomasseteric region Zygomatic region Nasal region Nasolabial sulcus Oral region Mentolabial sulcus Mental region Regions of neck Anterior cervical region Anterior cervical triangle Posterior median line Regions of head Frontal region Parietal region Occipital region Temporal region Auricular region Mastoid region Facial region Suprapalpebral sulcus Orbital region Infrapalpebral sulcus Infraorbital region Buccal region Parotideomasseteric region Zygomatic region Nasal region Nasolabial sulcus Oral region Mentolabial sulcus Mental region Regions of neck Anterior cervical region Anterior cervical triangle Trigonum colli posterius Submandibular triangle Carotid triangle Muscular triangle Submental triangle Sternocleidomastoid region Lesser supraclavicular fossa Lateral cervical region Posterior cervical triangle Submandibular triangle Carotid triangle Muscular triangle Submental triangle Sternocleidomastoid region Lesser supraclavicular fossa Lateral cervical region Posterior cervical triangle Trigonum omotrapezium Occipital triangle Occipital triangle Trigonum omoclaviculare Fossa supraclavicularis major Regio cervicalis posterior Regio colli posterior Regiones thoracicae anteriores et laterales Regio presternalis Fossa infraclavicularis Trigonum deltopectorale Trigonum clavipectorale Omoclavicular triangle Greater supraclavicular fossa Posterior cervical region Anterior and lateral thoracic regions Presternal region Infraclavicular fossa Deltopectoral triangle Omoclavicular triangle Greater supraclavicular fossa Posterior cervical region Anterior and lateral thoracic regions Presternal region Infraclavicular fossa Deltopectoral triangle Regio pectoralis Regio pectoralis lateralis Regio mammaria Regio inframammaria Regio axillaris Pectoral region Lateral pectoral region Mammary region Inframammary region Axillary region Pectoral region Lateral pectoral region Mammary region Inframammary region Axillary region Trigonum submandibulare Trigonum caroticum Trigonum musculare Trigonum submentale Regio sternocleidomastoidea Fossa supraclavicularis minor Regio cervicalis lateralis Trigonum cervicale posterius Trigonum occipitale Trigonum colli anterius Trigonum omotracheale Parotid region Regio parotideomasseterica translates to Parotideomasseteric region Region and Triangle should be split into two separate terms. Trigonum cervicale anterius translates to Anterior cervical triangle; Region and Triangle should be split into two separate terms. Omotracheal triangle Lateral cervical triangle Subclavian triangle Mohrenheim's fossa Clavipectoral triangle; Mohrenheim's triangle This is most commonly referred to as the muscular triangle. Region and Triangle should be two separate terms. Region and Triangle should be two separate terms; Trigonum cervicale posterius translates to Posterior cervical triangle and is the more commonly used term. Occipital triangle is the upper portion of the posterior triangle, above the inferior belly of omohyoid muscle, and it should be listed. Omoclavicular triangle is more commonly used. This is usually called deltopectoral triangle. Fossa axillaris Regiones abdominales Regio hypochondriaca Regio epigastrica Regio lateralis Regio umbilicalis Regio inguinalis Regio hypogastrica Regiones dorsales Regio vertebralis Regio scapularis Trigonum auscultationis Regio infrascapularis Regio lumbalis Trigonum lumbale Axillary fossa Abdominal regions Hypochondrium Hypochondriac region Epigastrium Epigastric region Latus Lateral region Umbilical region Inguinal region Hypogastrium; Regio pubica Hypogastric region Regiones dorsi Regions of back Vertebral region Scapular region Triangle of auscultation Infrascapular region Lumbar region Lumbar triangle Axillary fossa Abdominal regions Hypochondriac region Epigastric region Lateral region Umbilical region Inguinal region Hypogastric region Regions of back Vertebral region Scapular region Triangle of auscultation Infrascapular region Lumbar region Lumbar triangle (Trigonum lumbale inferius) (Trigonum lumbale superius) (Inferior lumbar triangle) (Superior lumbar triangle) (Inferior lumbar triangle) (Superior lumbar triangle) Regio sacralis Regio coccygea Sacral region Coccygeal region Sacral region Coccygeal region (Foveola coccygea) Regio perinealis Regio analis (Coccygeal foveola) Perineal region Anal region (Coccygeal foveola) Perineal region Anal region Trigonum anale Regio urogenitalis Anal triangle Urogenital region Anal triangle Urogenital region Trigonum urogenitale Regiones membri superioris Regio deltoidea Regio brachialis Regio brachii anterior Sulcus biciptalis lateralis Sulcus bicipitalis medialis Regio brachii posterior Regio cubitalis Regio cubitalis anterior Fossa cubitalis Regio cubitalis posterior Regio antebrachialis Regio antebrachii anterior Regio antebrachii posterior Urogenital triangle Regions of upper limb Deltoid region Brachial region Regio brachialis anterior Anterior brachial region Sulcus bicipitalis radialis Lateral bicipital groove Sulcus bicipitalis ulnaris Medial bicipital groove Regio brachialis posterior Posterior brachial region Cubital region Anterior region of elbow Cubital fossa Posterior region of elbow Antebrachial region Regio antebrachialis anterior Anterior antebrachial region Regio antebrachialis posterior Posterior antebrachial region Urogenital triangle Regions of upper limb Deltoid region Brachial region Anterior brachial region Lateral bicipital groove Medial bicipital groove Posterior brachial region Cubital region Anterior region of elbow Cubital fossa Posterior region of elbow Antebrachial region Anterior antebrachial region Posterior antebrachial region Margo lateralis Margo medialis Foveola radialis Regio manus Regio carpalis Margo radialis Margo ulnaris Fossa radialis Lateral border Medial border Radial fossa Hand region Carpal region Lateral border Medial border Radial fossa Hand region Carpal region The regions of the abdomen should be simplified and standardized as follows. Hypochondrium Epigastrium Flank Groin Pubic region Umbilicus refers to a specific feature within the umbilical region. Inguinal region is more commonly used. Hypogastric region is more commonly used. Auscultatory triangle Triangle of Petit The lumbar triangle is an important area which should be listed. Inferior and superior lumbar triangle are not found in Gray's Anatomy. Grynfelt's triangle; Lesshaft's triangle The regions of the back should be listed in cranio-caudal order. The coccygeal region should be added to the regions of the back and Foveola coccygea should be listed after. Regio translates to region; trigonum should be listed separately. Region is vague while triangle has a precise definition. Region and triangle should be listed separately. Regio translates to region; trigonum should be listed separately. Region is vague while triangle has a precise definition. Region and triangle should be listed separately. Arm region Anterior region of arm Brachium and arm should both be listed. Brachial and arm should both be listed. Posterior region of arm Brachial and arm should both be listed. Antecubital fossa Forearm region Anterior region of forearm Posterior region of forearm Antebrachial and forearm should both be listed. Antebrachial and forearm should both be listed. Antebrachial and forearm should both be listed. Radial border Ulnar border Anatomical snuffbox Anatomical snuffbox is a frequently used term and should be included in TA. Regio carpalis anterior Regio carpalis posterior Regio dorsalis manus Regio palmaris Eminentia thenaris Eminentia hypothenaris Regio metacarpalis Regiones digitorum manus Regio pollicis Regio digiti primi (I) Anterior region of wrist Posterior region of wrist Dorsum of hand Palmar region Thenar eminence Hypothenar eminence Metacarpal region Region of digits of hand Region of thumb Anterior region of wrist Posterior region of wrist Dorsum of hand Palmar region Thenar eminence Hypothenar eminence Metacarpal region Region of digits of hand Region of thumb Palma; Vola Thenar Hypothenar Regio indicis Regio digiti secundi (II) Region of index finger Region of index finger Regio digiti medii Regio digiti tertii (III) Region of middle finger Region of middle finger Regio digiti anularis Regio digiti quarti (IV) Region of ring finger Region of ring finger Regio digiti minimi Regio digiti quinti (V) Region of little finger Region of little finger Palmar surfaces of digits Dorsal surfaces of digits Interdigital space Regions of lower limb Gluteal region Anal cleft Palmar surfaces of digits Dorsal surfaces of digits Interdigital space Regions of lower limb Gluteal region Anal cleft Sulcus glutealis Regio coxalis Regio femoralis Regio femoralis anterior Gluteal fold Hip region Femoral region Anterior femoral region Gluteal fold Hip region Femoral region Anterior femoral region Trigonum femoralis Regio femoralis posterior Regio genualis Regio genualis anterior Regio genualis posterior Fossa poplitea Regio cruralis Regio cruralis anterior Regio cruralis posterior Regio suralis Regio talocruralis anterior Regio talocruralis posterior Regio retromalleolaris lateralis Regio retromalleolaris medialis Regio pedis Regio calcanea Regio dorsalis pedis Regio plantaris Margo lateralis pedis Femoral triangle Posterior femoral region Knee region Anterior region of knee Posterior region of knee Popliteal fossa Leg region Anterior region of leg Posterior region of leg Sural region Anterior talocrural region Posterior talocrural region Lateral retromalleolar region Medial retromalleolar region Foot region Heel region Dorsal region of foot Plantar region Lateral border of foot Femoral triangle Posterior femoral region Knee region Anterior region of knee Posterior region of knee Popliteal fossa Leg region Anterior region of leg Posterior region of leg Sural region Anterior talocrural region Posterior talocrural region Lateral retromalleolar region Medial retromalleolar region Foot region Heel region Dorsal region of foot Plantar region Lateral border of foot Facies palmares digitorum Facies dorsales digitorum Spatium interdigitale Regiones membri inferioris Regio glutealis Crena analis Crena ani; Crena interglutealis Dorsum pedis Planta Margo fibularis pedis Palm How does this differ from the palm? Region of first digit; Region of Digits should be numbered. digit 1 Region of second digit; Region of digit 2 Region of third digit; Region of digit 3 Region of fourth digit; Region of digit 4 Region of fifth digit; Region of digit 5 This applies to the thumb as well. This applies to the thumb as well. Web space Web spaces of the hand and foot should be numbered 1-4. Intergluteal cleft; Natal cleft Crena analis translates to Anal cleft. Anterior region of thigh Regio femoris anterior translates to Anterior femoral region. The logic that dictates that femoral artery is not called the artery of the thigh, femoral nerve is not the nerve of the thigh, and femoral triangle is not triangle of the thigh, should be used consistently. Scarpa's triangle Posterior region of thigh Anterior knee region Posterior knee region See above. Alternative wording will improve term searches. Anterior leg region Posterior leg region Calf region Anterior ankle region Posterior ankle region Dorsum of foot Sole Fibular border of foot; Peroneal border of foot See A01.0.00.041. Margo medialis pedis Eminentia hallucis Arcus pedis longitudinalis Pars lateralis Pars medialis Arcus pedis transversus proximalis Arcus pedis transversus distalis Regio tarsalis Regio metatarsalis Regiones digitales pedis Regio hallucis Margo tibialis pedis Regio digiti primi [I] Medial border of foot Hallucial eminence Longitudinal arch of foot Lateral part Medial part Proximal transverse arch of foot Medial border of foot Hallucial eminence Longitudinal arch of foot Lateral part Medial part Proximal transverse arch of foot Distal transverse arch of foot Ankle region Metatarsal region Region of digits of foot Region of great toe Distal transverse arch of foot Ankle region Metatarsal region Region of digits of foot Region of great toe Regio digiti secundi [II] Region of second toe Regio digiti tertii [III] Region of third toe Regio digiti quarti [IV] Region of fourth toe Regio digiti minimi Regio digiti quinti [V] Facies plantares digitorum Facies dorsales digitorum Spatium interdigitale Latin term Systema skeletale Pars ossea Substantia corticalis Substantia compacta Substantia spongiosa Pars cartilaginea Pars membranacea Periosteum Perichondrium Skeleton axiale Skeleton appendiculare Os longum Os breve Os planum Os irregulare Os pneumaticum Os sesamoideum Diaphysis Epiphysis Cartilago epiphysialis Lamina epiphysialis Linea epiphysialis Metaphysis Apophysis Region of little toe Plantar surfaces of digits Dorsal surfaces of digits Interdigital space Latin synonym Ossa Substantia trabecularis English term Skeletal system Bony part Cortical bone Compact bone Spongy bone Cartilaginous part Membranous part Periosteum Perichondrium Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton Long bone Short bone Flat bone Irregular bone Pneumatised bone Sesamoid bone Diaphysis Epiphysis Epiphysial cartilage Epiphysial plate Epiphysial line Metaphysis Apophysis Tibial border of foot Ball of foot The ball of the foot is analogous to the thenar eminence, in certain respects. Region of toes Region of first digit; Region of Digits should be numbered using Arabic numerals. digit 1 Region of second toe Region of second digit; Region of digit 2 Region of third toe Region of third digit; Region of digit 3 Region of fourth toe Region of fourth digit; Region of digit 4 Region of little toe Region of fifth digit; Region of digit 5 Plantar surfaces of digits Plantar surfaces of toes Dorsal surfaces of digits Dorsal surfaces of toes Interdigital space Web space Web spaces of the hand and foot should be numbered 1-4. Systemic Anatomy English term English synonym Notes Skeletal system Bones Bony part Cortical bone Compact bone Spongy bone Trabecular bone Cartilaginous part Membranous part Periosteum Perichondrium Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton Long bone Short bone Flat bone Irregular bone Pneumatized bone Sesamoid bone Diaphysis Epiphysis Epiphyseal cartilage Epiphyseal plate Growth plate; Physis Epiphyseal line Metaphysis Apophysis Tuber Tuberculum Tuberositas Eminentia Processus Condylus Epicondylus Crista Linea Incisura Fossa Sulcus Facies articularis Cavitas medullaris Endosteum Medulla ossium flava Medulla ossium rubra Foramen nutricium Canalis nutricius Canalis nutriens Centrum ossificationis Centrum ossificationis primarium Protuberance Tubercle Tuberosity Eminence Process Condyle Epicondyle Crest Line Notch Fossa Groove Articular surface Medullary cavity Endosteum Yellow bone marrow Red bone marrow Nutrient foramen Nutrient canal Ossification centre Primary ossification center Protuberance Tubercle Tuberosity Eminence Process Condyle Epicondyle Crest Line Notch Fossa Groove Articular surface Medullary cavity Endosteum Yellow bone marrow Red bone marrow Nutrient foramen Nutrient canal Ossification center Primary ossification center Centrum ossificationis secundarium Norma frontalis Norma superior Norma occipitalis Norma lateralis Norma inferior Neurocranium Viscerocranium Chondrocranium Desmocranium Pericranium Cavitas cranii Frons Occiput Nasion Bregma Lambda Inion Pterion Asterion Gonion Porion Fossa temporalis Arcus zygomaticus Fossa infratemporalis Fossa pterygopalatina Fissura pterygomaxillaris Secondary ossification center Secondary ossification center Frontal aspect Superior aspect Occipital aspect Lateral aspect Inferior aspect Neurocranium Facial skeleton Chondrocranium Desmocranium Pericranium Cranial cavity Forehead Occiput Nasion Bregma Lambda Inion Pterion Asterion Gonion Porion Temporal fossa Zygomatic arch Infratemporal fossa Pterygopalatine fossa Pterygomaxillary fissure Frontal aspect Superior aspect Occipital aspect Lateral aspect Inferior aspect Neurocranium Facial skeleton Chondrocranium Desmocranium Pericranium Cranial cavity Forehead Occiput Nasion Bregma Lambda Inion Pterion Asterion Gonion Porion Temporal fossa Zygomatic arch Infratemporal fossa Pterygopalatine fossa Pterygomaxillary fissure Norma facialis Norma verticalis Norma basalis Periosteum externum cranii Tuberosity is repeated below. Tuber translates to protuberance. Ridge Marrow cavity #correction suggested by Ian Whitmore Facial aspect Vertex aspect; Vertical aspect Brain box is a colloquial term. Clin Anat 8:352-358. 1995 Fonticuli cranii Fonticulus anterior Fonticulus posterior Fonticulus sphenoidalis Fonticulus anterolateralis Fonticulus mastoideus Fonticulus posterolateralis Calvaria Vertex Lamina externa Diploe Canales diploici Lamina interna Sulcus sinus sagittalis superioris Foveolae granulares Impressiones gyrorum Juga cerebralia Sulci venosi Sulci arteriosi (Os suturale) Basis cranii Basis cranii interna Fissura sphenopetrosa Fissura petrooccipitalis Fossa cranii anterior Fossa cranii media Fossa cranii posterior Clivus Sulcus sinus petrosi inferioris Basis cranii externa Foramen jugulare Foramen lacerum Palatum osseum Canalis palatinus major Foramen palatinum majus Foramina palatine minora Fossa incisiva Canales incisivi Foramina incisiva (Torus palatinus) Canalis palatovaginalis Canalis vomerovaginalis Canalis vomerorostralis Orbita Cavitas orbitae Aditus orbitae Margo orbitalis Margo supraorbitalis Margo infraorbitalis Margo lateralis Impressiones digitatae Fontanelles Anterior fontanelle Posterior fontanelle Sphenoidal fontanelle Mastoid fontanelle Calvaria Vertex External table Diploe Diploic canals Internal table Groove for superior sagittal sinus Granular foveolae Impressions of cerebral gyri Eminences of cerebral sulci Venous grooves Arterial grooves (Sutural bone) Cranial base Internal surface of cranial base Sphenopetrosal fissure Petro-occipital fissure Anterior cranial fossa Middle cranial fossa Posterior cranial fossa Clivus Groove for interior pertrosal sinus External surface of cranial base Jugular foramen Foramen lacerum Bony palate Greater palatine canal Greater palatine foramen Lesser palatine foramina Incisive fossa Incisive canals Incisive foramina (Palatine torus) Palatovaginal canal Vomerovaginal canal Vomerorostral canal Orbit Orbital cavity Orbital opening Orbital margin Supra-orbital margin Infra-orbital margin Lateral margin Fontanelles Anterior fontanelle Posterior fontanelle Sphenoidal fontanelle Anterolateral fontanelle Mastoid fontanelle Posterolateral fontanelle Calvaria Vertex External table Diploe Diploic canals Diploid canals Internal table Groove for superior sagittal sinus Granular foveolae Impressions of cerebral gyri Eminences of cerebral sulci Venous grooves Arterial grooves (Sutural bone) Cranial base Internal surface of cranial base Sphenopetrosal fissure Petrooccipital fissure Anterior cranial fossa Middle cranial fossa Posterior cranial fossa Clivus Groove for interior pertrosal sinus External surface of cranial base Jugular foramen Foramen lacerum Bony palate Greater palatine canal Greater palatine foramen Lesser palatine foramina Incisive fossa Incisive canals Incisive foramina (Palatine torus) Palatovaginal canal Vomerovaginal canal Vomerorostral canal Orbit Orbital cavity Orbital opening Orbital margin Supraorbital margin Infraorbital margin Lateral margin Wormian bone Basicranium Petrosphenoidal fissure Clivus of Blumenbach Pterygopalatine canal Canals of Stensen Stensen's foramen Margo medialis Paries superior Paries inferior Paries lateralis (Foramen cranioorbitale) Medial margin Roof Floor Lateral wall (Cranio-orbital foramen) Medial margin Roof Floor Lateral wall (Cranioorbital foramen) (Foramen sphenotemporale) (Sphenotemporal foramen) (Sphenotemporal foramen) Paries medialis Foramen ethmoidale anterius Foramen ethmoidale posterius Sulcus lacrimalis Fossa sacci lacrimalis Fissura orbitalis superior Fissura orbitalis inferior Canalis nasolacrimalis Cavitas nasi ossea Septum nasi osseum Apertura piriformis Meatus nasi superior Meatus nasi medius Meatus nasi inferior Ostium canalis nasolacrimalis Meatus nasi communis Recessus sphenoethmoidalis Meatus nasopharyngeus Choana Apertura nasalis posterior Foramen sphenopalatinum Ossa cranii Os parietale Facies interna Sulcus sinus sigmoidei Sulcus sinus sagittalis superioris Medial wall Anterior ethmoidal foramen Posterior ethmoidal foramen Lacrimal groove Fossa for lacrimal sac Superior orbital fissure Inferior orbital fissure Nasolacrimal canal Bony nasal cavity Bony nasal septum Piriform aperture Superior nasal meatus Middle nasal meatus Inferior nasal meatus Opening of nasolacrimal canal Common nasal meatus Spheno-ethmoidal recess Nasopharyngeal meatus Choana Sphenopalatine foramen Bones of cranium Parietal bone Internal surface Groove for sigmoid sinus Groove for superior sagittal sinus Groove for middle meningeal artery Grooves for arteries External surface Superior temporal line Inferior temporal line Parietal eminence Occipital border Squamosal border Sagittal border Frontal border Frontal angle Occipital angle Sphenoidal angle Mastoid angle Parietal foramen Medial wall Anterior ethmoidal foramen Posterior ethmoidal foramen Lacrimal groove Fossa for lacrimal sac Superior orbital fissure Inferior orbital fissure Sphenomaxillary fissure Nasolacrimal canal Bony nasal cavity Bony nasal septum Piriform aperture Superior nasal meatus Middle nasal meatus Inferior nasal meatus Opening of nasolacrimal canal Common nasal meatus Sphenoethmoidal recess Nasopharyngeal meatus Choana Posterior nasal aperture Sphenopalatine foramen Bones of cranium Bones of skull Parietal bone Internal surface Groove for sigmoid sinus Groove for superior sagittal sinus Sulcus arteriae meningeae mediae Sulci arteriosi Facies externa Linea temporalis superior Linea temporalis inferior Eminentia parietalis Margo occipitalis Margo squamosus Margo sagittalis Margo frontalis Angulus frontalis Angulus occipitalis Angulus sphenoidalis Angulus mastoideus Foramen parietale Tuber parietale Groove for middle meningeal artery Grooves for arteries External surface Superior temporal line Inferior temporal line Parietal eminence Occipital border Squamosal border Sagittal border Frontal border Frontal angle Occipital angle Sphenoidal angle Mastoid angle Parietal foramen Canal of Hyrtl Parietal tuber Ducasse A, Segal A, Delattre JF, Burette A, Flament JB. 1985. Participation of the external carotid artery in orbital vascularization. J Fr Ophtalmol 8:333-9 Ducasse A, Segal A, Delattre JF, Burette A, Flament JB. 1985. Participation of the external carotid artery in orbital vascularization. J Fr Ophtalmol 8:333-9 Skull is commonly used for cranium. Os frontale Squama frontalis Facies externa Eminentia frontalis Tuber frontale Arcus superciliaris Glabella (Sutura metopica) Sutura frontalis persistens Margo supraorbitalis Incisura supraorbitalis Foramen supraorbitale (Incisura frontalis) (Foramen frontale) Facies temporalis Margo parietalis Linea temporalis Processus zygomaticus Facies interna Crista frontalis Sulcus sinus sagittalis superioris Frontal bone Squamous part External surface Frontal eminence Frontal tuber Superciliary arch Glabella (Metopic suture) Frontal suture Supraorbital margin Supraorbital notch Supraorbital foramen (Frontal notch) (Frontal foramen) Temporal surface Parietal margin Temporal line Zygomatic process Internal surface Frontal crest Groove for superior sagittal sinus Pars lateralis Squama occipitalis Frontal bone Squamous part External surface Frontal eminence Superciliary arch Glabella (Metopic suture) Supra-orbital margin Supra-orbital notch Supra-orbital foramen (Frontal notch) (Frontal foramen) Temporal surface Parietal margin Temporal line Zygomatic process Internal surface Frontal crest Groove for superior sagittal sinus Foramen caecum Nasal part Nasal spine Nasal margin Orbital part Orbital plate Orbital surface (Trochlear spine) Trochlear fovea Fossa for lacrimal gland Sphenoidal margin Ethmoidal notch Frontal sinus Opening of frontal sinus Septum of frontal sinuses Occipital bone Foramen magnum Basion Opisthion Basilar part Clivus Pharyngeal tubercle Groove for inferior petrosal sinus Lateral part Squamous part of occipital bone Margo mastoideus Margo lambdoideus (Os interparietale) Mastoid border Lambdoidal border (Interparietal bone) Mastoid border Lambdoidal border (Interparietal bone) Foramen caecum Pars nasalis Spina nasalis Margo nasalis Pars orbitalis Lamina orbitalis Facies orbitalis (Spina trochlearis) Fovea trochlearis Fossa glandulae lacrimalis Margo sphenoidalis Incisura ethmoidalis Sinus frontalis Apertura sinus frontalis Septum sinuum frontalium Os occipitale Foramen magnum Basion Opisthion Pars basilaris Clivus Tuberculum pharyngeum Sulcus sinus petrosi inferioris (Os incae; Os inca) Foramen cecum Nasal part Nasal spine Nasal margin Orbital part Orbital plate Orbital surface (Trochlear spine) Trochlear fovea Fossa for lacrimal gland Lacrimal fossa Sphenoidal margin Ethmoidal notch Frontal sinus Opening of frontal sinus Septum of frontal sinuses Occipital bone Foramen magnum Basion Opisthion Basilar part Clivus Clivus of Blumenbach Pharyngeal tubercle Groove for inferior petrosal sinus This is an inconstant notch/foramen sometimes occupied by the supratrochlear nerve. This is an inconstant notch/foramen sometimes occupied by the supratrochlear nerve. Orbital plate is a common term for this portion of the frontal bone. Lateral part Squamous part of occipital bone Lambdoid border (Os inca; Inca bone) Lambdoidal matches ethmoidal and sphenoidal Should this be listed under parietal bone instead? Condylus occipitalis Canalis condylaris Canalis nervi hypoglossi Fossa condylaris Tuberculum jugulare Incisura jugularis Processus jugularis Processus intrajugularis Protuberantia occipitalis externa Occipital condyle Condylar canal Hypoglossal canal Condylar fossa Jugular tubercle Jugular notch Jugular process Intrajugular process External occipital protuberance Occipital condyle Condylar canal Hypoglossal canal Condylar fossa Jugular tubercle Jugular notch Jugular process Intrajugular process External occipital protuberance (Crista occipitalis externa) Linea nuchalis suprema Linea nuchalis superior Linea nuchalis inferior Planum occipitale Eminentia cruciformis Protuberantia occipitalis interna (Crista occipitalis interna) Sulcus sinus transversi Sulcus sinus sigmoidei Sulcus sinus occipitalis Sulcus sinus marginalis (Processus paramastoideus) Fossa cerebralis Fossa cerebellaris Os sphenoidale Corpus Jugum sphenoidale Limbus sphenoidalis Sulcus chiasmaticus Sella turcica Tuberculum sellae (Processus clinoideus medius) Fossa hypophysialis Dorsum sellae Processus clinoideus posterior Sulcus caroticus Lingula sphenoidalis Crista sphenoidalis Rostrum sphenoidale Sinus sphenoidale Septum sinuum sphenoidalium Apertura sinus sphenoidalis Concha sphenoidalis (External occipital crest) Supreme nuchal line Superior nuchal line Inferior nuchal line Occipital plane Cruciform eminence Internal occipital protuberance (Internal occipital crest) Groove for transverse sinus Groove for sigmoid sinus Groove for occipital sinus Groove for marginal sinus (Paramastoid process) Cerebral fossa Cerebellar fossa Sphenoid bone Body Sphenoidal yoke Limbus of sphenoid Chiasmatic sulcus Sella turcica Tuberculum sellae (Middle clinoid process) Hypophysial fossa Dorsum sellae Posterior clinoid process Carotid sulcus Sphenoidal lingula Sphenoidal crest Sphenoidal rostrum Sphenoidal sinus Septum of sphenoidal sinuses Opening of sphenoidal sinus Sphenoidal concha (External occipital crest) Supreme nuchal line Superior nuchal line Inferior nuchal line Occipital plane Cruciform eminence Internal occipital protuberance (Internal occipital crest) Groove for transverse sinus Groove for sigmoid sinus Groove for occipital sinus Groove for marginal sinus (Paramastoid process) Cerebral fossa Cerebellar fossa Sphenoid bone Body Sphenoidal yoke Limbus of sphenoid Chiasmatic sulcus Sella turcica Tuberculum sellae (Middle clinoid process) Hypophyseal fossa Dorsum sellae Posterior clinoid process Carotid sulcus Sphenoidal lingula Sphenoidal crest Sphenoidal rostrum Sphenoidal sinus Septum of sphenoidal sinuses Opening of sphenoidal sinus Sphenoidal concha Ala minor Lesser wing Lesser wing Canalis opticus Processus clinoideus anterior Fissura orbitalis superior Optic canal Anterior clinoid process Superior orbital fissure Optic canal Anterior clinoid process Superior orbital fissure Planum sphenoidale Inion This has been described as the most posterior extent of the external occipital protuberance, so Inion is also a separate term. Highest nuchal line Sphenoidal bone Sphenoid bone is an alternate spelling for sphenoidal bone or sphenoid. Prechiasmatic sulcus Chiasmatic sulcus is more widely used and logical. Sphenoidal turbinate; Bertin's bone Process of Ingrassia; Ingrassia's process Optic foramen Ala major Facies cerebralis Facies temporalis Facies infratemporalis Crista infratemporalis Facies maxillaris Facies orbitalis Margo zygomaticus Margo frontalis Margo parietalis Margo squamosus Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale (Foramen venosum) Foramen spinosum (Foramen petrosum) Spina ossis sphenoidalis Sulcus tubae auditivae Sulcus tubae auditoriae Processus pterygoideus Lamina lateralis Lamina medialis Incisura pterygoidea Fossa pterygoidea Fossa scaphoidea Processus vaginalis Sulcus palatovaginalis Sulcus vomerovaginalis Hamulus pterygoideus Sulcus hamuli pterygoidei Canalis pterygoideus Processus pterygospinosus Os temporale Pars petrosa Margo occipitalis Processus mastoideus Incisura mastoidea Sulcus sinus sigmoidei Sulcus arteriae occipitalis Foramen mastoideum Canalis nervi facialis Geniculum canalis nervi facialis Genu canalis nervi facialis Canaliculus tympanicus posterior Canaliculus chordae tympani Greater wing Cerebral surface Temporal surface Infratemporal surface Infratemporal crest Maxillary surface Orbital surface Zygomatic margin Frontal margin Parietal margin Squamosal margin Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale (Sphenoidal emissary foramen) Foramen spinosum (Foramen petrosum) Spine of sphenoid bone Sulcus of auditory tube Pterygoid process Lateral plate Medial plate Pterygoid notch Pterygoid fossa Scaphoid fossa Vaginal process Palatovaginal groove Vomerovaginal groove Pterygoid hamulus Groove of pterygoid hamulus Pterygoid canal Pterygospinous process Temporal bone Petrous part Occipital margin Mastoid process Mastoid notch Groove for sigmoid sinus Groove for occipital artery Mastoid foramen Facial canal Geniculum of facial canal Posterior tympanic canaliculus Greater wing Cerebral surface Temporal surface Infratemporal surface Infratemporal crest Maxillary surface Orbital surface Zygomatic margin Frontal margin Parietal margin Squamosal margin Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale (Sphenoidal emissary foramen) Foramen spinosum (Foramen petrosum) Spine of sphenoid bone Sulcus of auditory tube Pterygoid process Lateral plate Medial plate Pterygoid notch Pterygoid fossa Scaphoid fossa Vaginal process Palatovaginal groove Vomerovaginal groove Pterygoid hamulus Groove of pterygoid hamulus Pterygoid canal Pterygospinous process Temporal bone Petrous part Occipital margin Mastoid process Mastoid notch Groove for sigmoid sinus Groove for occipital artery Mastoid foramen Facial canal Geniculum of facial canal Posterior tympanic canaliculus Canaliculus tympanicus anterior Anterior tympanic canaliculus Anterior tympanic canaliculus Apex partis petrosae Canalis caroticus Apertura externa canalis carotici Apex of petrous part Carotid canal External opening of carotid canal Apex of petrous part Carotid canal External opening of carotid canal Foramen of Vesalius Vidian canal Process of Civinini Occipital groove Fallopian canal Genu of facial canal Canaliculus for chorda tympani Chorda tympani passes from facial canal through posterior tympanic canaliculus to enter tympanic cavity, then leaves through anterior tympanic canaliculus to reach petrotympanic fissure. Compare with A15.3.02.027, Apertura tympanica canaliculi chordae. Chorda tympani passes from facial canal through posterior tympanic canaliculus to enter tympanic cavity, then leaves through anterior tympanic canaliculus to reach petrotympanic fissure. Apertura interna canalis carotici Internal opening of carotid canal Internal opening of carotid canal Canaliculi caroticotympanici Canalis musculotubarius Semicanalis musculi tensoris tympani Semicanalis tubae auditivae Caroticotympanic canaliculi Musculotubal canal Semicanal for tensor tympani Caroticotympanic canaliculi Musculotubal canal Semicanal for tensor tympani Semicanal for auditory tube Semicanal for auditory tube Septum canalis musculotubarii Facies anterior parties petrosae Tegmen tympani Eminentia arcuata Hiatus canalis nervi petrosi majoris Sulcus nervi petrosi majoris Septum of musculotubal canal Anterior surface of petrous part Tegmen tympani Arcuate eminence Hiatus for greater petrosal nerve Septum of musculotubal canal Anterior surface of petrous part Tegmen tympani Arcuate eminence Hiatus for greater petrosal nerve Hiatus canalis nervi petrosi minoris Sulcus nervi petrosi minoris Hiatus for lesser petrosal nerve Impressio trigeminalis Crista petrosa Semicanalis tubae auditoriae Canal for tensor tympani Semicanalis translates to Semicanal Canal for auditory tube; Bony auditory tube; Canal for Eustachian tube Semicanalis translates to Semicanal; Bony auditory tube distinguishes this portion from the cartilaginous portion. See A15.3.02.075, Bony part of auditory tube. Facial hiatus; Torin's hole Groove for greater petrosal nerve Groove for greater petrosal nerve Hiatus for lesser petrosal nerve Groove for lesser petrosal nerve Groove for lesser petrosal nerve Margo superior partis petrosae Sulcus sinus petrosi superioris Trigeminal impression Petrous ridge Trigeminal impression Petrous ridge Meckel's groove Superior border of petrous part Groove for superior petrosal Groove for superior petrosal sinus sinus Posterior surface of petrous part Posterior surface of petrous part Facies posterior parties petrosae Porus acusticus internus Meatus acusticus internus Fossa subarcuata Canaliculus vestibuli Apertura canaliculi vestibuli Internal acoustic opening Internal acoustic meatus Internal auditory canal Subarcuate fossa Vestibular canaliculus Opening of vestibular canaliculus Margo posterior partis petrosae Sulcus sinus petrosi inferioris Incisura jugularis Facies inferior partis petrosae Fossa jugularis Canaliculus cochleae Apertura canaliculi cochleae Internal acoustic opening Internal acoustic meatus Subarcuate fossa Vestibular canaliculus Opening of vestibular canaliculus Posterior border of petrous part Groove for inferior petrous part Jugular notch Inferior surface of petrous part Jugular fossa Cochlear canaliculus Opening of cochlear canaliculus Canaliculus mastoideus Incisura jugularis Processus intrajugularis Processus styloideus Foramen stylomastoideum Canaliculus tympanicus inferior Mastoid canaliculus Jugular notch Intrajugular process Styloid process Stylomastoid foramen Inferior tympanic canaliculus Mastoid canaliculus Jugular notch Intrajugular process Styloid process Stylomastoid foramen Inferior tympanic canaliculus Petrosal fossula Tympanic cavity Tympanic part Petrosal fossula Tympanic cavity Tympanic part Fossula petrosa Cavitas tympani Pars tympanica Petrous ridge is commonly used for this border. Canaliculus tympanicus Posterior border of petrous part Groove for inferior petrous part Jugular notch Inferior surface of petrous part Jugular fossa Cochlear canaliculus Opening of cochlear canaliculus PS correction PS correction Tympanic canaliculus; Jacobson's canaliculus Inferior tympanic canaliculus transmits tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve, while posterior and anterior tympanic canaliculi transmit chorda tympani nerve. Anulus tympanicus Porus acusticus externus Meatus acusticus externus Spina tympanica major Spina tympanica minor Sulcus tympanicus Incisura tympanica Vagina processus styloidei Pars squamosa Margo parietalis Incisura parietalis Margo sphenoidalis Facies temporalis Sulcus arteriae temporalis mediae Tympanic ring External acoustic opening External acoustic meatus Greater tympanic spine Lesser tympanic spine Tympanic sulcus Tympanic notch Sheath of styloid process Squamous part Parietal border Parietal notch Sphenoidal margin Temporal surface Groove for middle temporal artery Zygomatic process Supramastoid crest Suprameatal fovea (Suprameatal spine) Mandibular fossa Articular surface Articular tubercle Tympanic ring External acoustic opening External acoustic meatus Greater tympanic spine Lesser tympanic spine Tympanic sulcus Tympanic notch Sheath of styloid process Squamous part Parietal border Parietal notch Sphenoidal margin Temporal surface Groove for middle temporal artery Zygomatic process Supramastoid crest Suprameatal fovea (Suprameatal spine) Mandibular fossa Articular surface Articular tubercle Eminentia articularis Fissura petrotympanica Articular eminence Petrotympanic fissure Articular eminence Petrotympanic fissure Fissura petrosquamosa Fissura tympanosquamosa Fissura tympanomastoidea Facies cerebralis Os ethmoidale Lamina cribrosa Foramina cribrosa Crista galli Ala cristae galli Lamina perpendicularis Labyrinthus ethmoidalis Cellulae ethmoidales anteriores Cellulae ethmoidales mediae Cellulae ethmoidales posteriores Petrosquamous fissure Tympanosquamous fissure Tympanomastoid fissure Cerebral surface Ethmoid bone Cribriform plate Cribriform foramina Crista galli Ala of crista galli Perpendicular plate Ethmoidal labyrinth Anterior ethmoidal cells Middle ethmoidal cells Posterior ethmoidal cells Petrosquamous fissure Tympanosquamous fissure Tympanomastoid fissure Cerebral surface Ethmoid bone Cribriform plate Cribriform foramina Crista galli Ala of crista galli Perpendicular plate Ethmoidal labyrinth Anterior ethmoidal cells Middle ethmoidal cells Posterior ethmoidal cells Lamina orbitalis (Concha nasalis suprema) Concha nasalis superior Concha nasalis media Bulla ethmoidalis Processus uncinatus Orbital plate (Supreme nasal concha) Superior nasal concha Middle nasal concha Ethmoidal bulla Uncinate process Orbital plate (Supreme nasal concha) Superior nasal concha Middle nasal concha Ethmoidal bulla Uncinate process Processus zygomaticus Crista supramastoidea Foveola suprameaticus (Spina suprameatica) Fossa mandibularis Facies articularis Tuberculum articulare Foveola suprameatalis (Spina suprameatalis) Tympanic part External auditory opening External auditory canal Rivinus' notch MacEwen's triangle Foveola translates to foveola or fovea. Articular tubercle and eminence are distinct structures; DuBrul 1988 https://books.google.com/books?id=zGv7CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA151&lpg=PA151&dq=dubrul+1988+a rticular+tubercle&source=bl&ots=n4FIjynCkr&sig=pWkhf3KdBRnrhraLo7LgklHus4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjI3Ind297KAhUCVyYKHcY5DFsQ6AEIHD AA#v=onepage&q=dubrul%201988%20articular%20tubercle&f=false Glaserian fissure; Canal of Huguier Ethmoid; Ethmoidal bone Supreme nasal concha is only occasionally seen. Superior nasal turbinate Middle nasal turbinate Infundibulum ethmoidale Hiatus semilunaris Concha nasalis inferior Processus lacrimalis Processus maxillaris Processus ethmoidalis Os lacrimale Crista lacrimalis posterior Sulcus lacrimalis Hamulus lacrimalis Os nasale Sulcus ethmoidalis Foramina nasalia Vomer Ala vomeris Sulcus vomeris Crista choanalis vomeris Pars cuneiformis vomeris Maxilla Corpus maxillae Facies orbitalis Canalis infraorbitalis Sulcus infraorbitalis Margo infraorbitalis Facies anterior Foramen infraorbitale Fossa canina Incisura nasalis Spina nasalis anterior Sutura zygomaticomaxillaris Facies infratemporalis Foramina alveolaria Foramina alveolaria superiora posteriora Foramen alveolare superius medium Foramen alveolare superius anterius Canales alveolares Tuber maxillae Facies nasalis Sulcus lacrimalis Crista conchalis Margo lacrimalis Hiatus maxillaris Sulcus palatinus major Sinus maxillaris Processus frontalis Crista lacrimalis anterior Os conchale nasale inferius Os vomerale Os maxillare Sutura infraorbitalis Eminentia maxillae Ethmoidal infundibulum Semilunar hiatus Inferior nasal concha Ethmoidal infundibulum Semilunar hiatus Inferior nasal concha Lacrimal process Maxillary process Ethmoidal process Lacrimal bone Posterior lacrimal crest Lacrimal groove Lacrimal hamulus Nasal bone Ethmoidal groove Nasal foramina Vomer Ala of vomer Vomerine groove Vomerine crest of choana Cuneiform part of vomer Maxilla Body of maxilla Orbital surface Infra-orbital canal Infra-orbital groove Infra-orbital margin Anterior surface Infra-orbital foramen Canine fossa Nasal notch Anterior nasal spine Zygomaticomaxillary suture Infratemporal surface Alveolar foramina Posterior superior alveolar foramina Middle superior alveolar foramen Anterior superior alveolar foramen Alveolar canals Maxillary tuberosity Nasal surface Lacrimal groove Conchal crest Lacrimal margin Maxillary hiatus Greater palatine groove Maxillary sinus Frontal process Anterior lacrimal crest Lacrimal process Maxillary process Ethmoidal process Lacrimal bone Posterior lacrimal crest Lacrimal groove Lacrimal hamulus Nasal bone Ethmoidal groove Nasal foramina Vomer Vomer bone Ala of vomer Vomerine groove Vomerine crest of choana Cuneiform part of vomer Maxilla Maxillary bone Body of maxilla Orbital surface Infraorbital canal Infraorbital groove Infraorbital margin Anterior surface Infraorbital foramen Canine fossa Nasal notch Anterior nasal spine Zygomaticomaxillary suture Infraorbital suture Infratemporal surface Alveolar foramina Posterior superior alveolar foramina Middle superior alveolar foramen Anterior superior alveolar foramen Alveolar canals Maxillary tuberosity Nasal surface Lacrimal groove Conchal crest Lacrimal margin Maxillary hiatus Greater palatine groove Maxillary sinus Frontal process Anterior lacrimal crest Inferior nasal concha bone; Inferior nasal turbinate Antrum of Highmore There are usually three sets of alveolar foramina in the maxilla. Incisura lacrimalis Crista ethmoidalis Processus zygomaticus Processus palatinus Crista nasalis (Premaxilla) Canales incisivi (Sutura incisiva) Spinae palatinae Sulci palatine Processus alveolaris Arcus alveolaris Alveoli dentales Septa interalveolaria Septa interradicularia Juga alveolaria Foramina incisiva Os palatinum Lamina perpendicularis Facies nasalis Facies maxillaris Incisura sphenopalatina Sulcus palatinus major Processus pyramidalis Canales palatini minores Crista conchalis Crista ethmoidalis Processus orbitalis Processus sphenoidalis Lamina horizontalis Facies nasalis Facies palatina Foramina palatini minora Spina nasalis posterior Crista nasalis Crista palatina Os zygomaticum (Os japonicum) Facies lateralis Facies temporalis Facies orbitalis Processus temporalis Processus frontalis Tuberculum orbitale (Tuberculum marginale) Foramen zygomaticoorbitale Foramen zygomaticofaciale Foramen zygomaticotemporale Mandibula Os incisivum Os mandibulare Lacrimal notch Ethmoidal crest Zygomatic process Palatine process Nasal crest (Premaxilla) Incisive canals (Incisive suture) Palatine spines Palatine grooves Alveolar process Alveolar arch Dental alveoli Interalveolar septa Interradicular septa Alveolar yokes Incisive foramina Palatine bone Perpendicular plate Nasal surface Maxillary surface Sphenopalatine notch Greater palatine groove Pyramidal process Lesser palatine canals Conchal crest Ethmoidal crest Orbital process Sphenoidal process Horizontal plate Nasal surface Palatine surface Lesser palatine foramina Posterior nasal spine Nasal crest Palatine crest Zygomatic bone (Os japonicum) Lateral surface Temporal surface Orbital surface Temporal process Frontal process Orbital tubercle (Marginal tubercle) Zygomatico-orbital foramen Zygomaticofacial foramen Zygomaticotemporal foramen Mandible Lacrimal notch Ethmoidal crest Zygomatic process Palatine process Nasal crest (Premaxilla) Incisive canals (Incisive suture) Palatine spines Palatine grooves Alveolar process Alveolar arch Dental alveoli Interalveolar septa Interradicular septa Alveolar yokes Incisive foramina Palatine bone Perpendicular plate Nasal surface Maxillary surface Sphenopalatine notch Greater palatine groove Pyramidal process Lesser palatine canals Conchal crest Ethmoidal crest Orbital process Sphenoidal process Horizontal plate Nasal surface Palatine surface Lesser palatine foramina Posterior nasal spine Nasal crest Palatine crest Zygomatic bone (Os japonicum) Lateral surface Temporal surface Orbital surface Temporal process Frontal process Orbital tubercle (Marginal tubercle) Zygomaticoorbital foramen Zygomaticofacial foramen Zygomaticotemporal foramen Mandible (Incisive bone) Canals of Stensen Stensen's foramen Zygoma; Malar bone (Whitnall's tubercle) Mandibular bone Zygomatic bone is commonly called zygoma. This variant bipartite zygomatic is found in approximately 4%. Corpus mandibulae Basis mandibulae (Symphysis mandibulae) Protuberantia mentalis Tuberculum mentale Foramen mentale Linea obliqua Fossa digastrica Spina mentalis superior Spina mentalis inferior Linea mylohyoidea (Torus mandibularis) Fovea sublingualis Fovea submandibularis Pars alveolaris Arcus alveolaris Alveoli dentales Septa interalveolaria Septa interradicularia Juga alveolaria Trigonum retromolare Fossa retromolaris Ramus mandibulae Angulus mandibulae (Tuberositas masseterica) (Tuberositas pterygoidea) Foramen inferioris alveolare Lingula mandibulae Canalis mandibulae Sulcus mylohyoideus Processus coronoideus Crista temporalis Incisura mandibulae Processus condylaris Condylus mandibulae Collum mandibulae Fovea pterygoidea Os hyoideum Corpus ossis hyoidei Cornu minus Cornu majus Ossicula auditoria Columna vertebralis Curvaturae primariae Kyphosis thoracica Kyphosis sacralis Curvaturae secundariae Symphysis menti Foramen mandibulae Caput mandibulae Ossicula auditus Body of mandible Base of mandible (Mandibular symphysis) Mental protuberance Mental tubercle Mental foramen Oblique line Digastric fossa Superior mental spine Inferior mental spine Mylohyoid line (Mandibular torus) Sublingual fossa Submandibular fossa Alveolar part Alveolar arch Dental alveoli Interalveolar septa Interradicular septa Alveolar yokes Retromolar triangle Retromolar fossa Ramus of mandible Angle of mandible (Masseteric tuberosity) (Pterygoid tuberosity) Inferior alveolar foramen Body of mandible Base of mandible (Mandibular symphysis) Mental protuberance Mental tubercle Mental foramen Oblique line Digastric fossa Superior mental spine Inferior mental spine Mylohyoid line (Mandibular torus) Sublingual fossa Submandibular fossa Alveolar part Alveolar arch Dental alveoli Interalveolar septa Interradicular septa Alveolar yokes Retromolar triangle Retromolar fossa Ramus of mandible Angle of mandible (Masseteric tuberosity) (Pterygoid tuberosity) Inferior alveolar foramen Lingula Mandibular canal Mylohyoid groove Coronoid process Temporal crest Mandibular notch Condylar process Mandibular condyle Neck of mandible Pterygoid fovea Hyoid bone Body of hyoid bone Lesser horn Greater horn Auditory ossicles Vertebral column Primary curvatures Thoracic kyphosis Sacral kyphosis Secondary curvatures Lingula Mandibular canal Mylohyoid groove Coronoid process Temporal crest Mandibular notch Condylar process Mandibular condyle Neck of mandible Pterygoid fovea Hyoid bone Body of hyoid bone Lesser horn Greater horn Auditory ossicles Vertebral column Primary curvatures Thoracic kyphosis Sacral kyphosis Secondary curvatures Mental symphysis Symphysis menti is commonly used for this part of the mandible. Superior genial spine Inferior genial spine Mandibular ramus Mandibular angle Mandibular foramen There are other foramina in the mandible, naming this according to the inferior alveolar neurovascular; Please check Latin. Buch, H.A. 2011. Clinical anatomy of inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia. Clinical Anatomy, 24(4), pp.515--‐517 Head of mandible Condylus mandibulae translates to mandibular condyle. This is a heading relating to the next two terms; such terms are plural in TE. The primary curvatures should also be plural.(SEE ABOVE) Lordosis cervicalis Lordosis lumbalis Scoliosis Canalis vertebralis Vertebra Corpus vertebrae Facies intervertebralis Epiphysis anularis Arcus vertebrae Pediculus arcus vertebrae Lamina arcus vertebrae Pars interarticularis Foramen intervertebrale Incisura vertebralis superior Incisura vertebralis inferior Foramen vertebrale Processus spinosus Processus transversus Processus articularis superior Facies articularis superior Processus articularis inferior Facies articularis inferior Vertebrae cervicales Lordosis colli Os vertebrale Zygapophysis superior Zygapophysis inferior Ossa vertebralia cervicalia; Vertebrae C1-7 Uncus corporis Processus uncinatus Foramen transversarium Tuberculum anterius Tuberculum caroticum Tuberculum posterius Sulcus nervi spinalis Atlas Os atlanticum; Vertebra C1 Massa lateralis atlantis Facies articularis superior Facies articularis inferior Tuberculum ligamenti transversi Arcus anterior atlantis Fovea dentis Tuberculum anterius Arcus posterior atlantis Sulcus arteriae vertebralis (Canalis arteriae vertebralis) Tuberculum posterius Axis Os axiale; Vertebra C2 Dens axis Apex dentis Facies articularis anterior Facies articularis posterior Vertebra prominens Os vertebrale prominens; Vertebra C7 Cervical lordosis Lumbar lordosis Scoliosis Vertebral canal Vertebra Vertebral body Intervertebral surface Anular epiphysis Vertebral arch Pedicle Lamina Pars interarticularis Intervertebral foramen Superior vertebral notch Inferior vertebral notch Vertebral foramen Spinous process Transverse process Superior articular process Superior articular facet Inferior articular process Inferior articular facet Cervical vertebrae Cervical lordosis Lumbar lordosis Scoliosis Vertebral canal Vertebra Vertebral body Intervertebral surface Anular epiphysis Vertebral arch Pedicle Lamina Pars interarticularis Intervertebral foramen Superior vertebral notch Inferior vertebral notch Vertebral foramen Spinous process Transverse process Superior articular process Superior articular facet Inferior articular process Inferior articular facet Cervical vertebrae Uncinate process Foramen transversarium Anterior tubercle Carotid tubercle Posterior tubercle Groove for spinal nerve Atlas Lateral mass Superior articular surface Inferior articular surface Transverse ligament tubercle Anterior arch Facet for dens Anterior tubercle Posterior arch Groove for vertebral artery (Canal for vertebral artery) Posterior tubercle Axis Dens Apex Anterior articular facet Posterior articular facet Vertebra prominens Uncinate process Foramen transversarium Anterior tubercle Carotid tubercle Posterior tubercle Groove for spinal nerve Atlas Lateral mass Superior articular surface Inferior articular surface Transverse ligament tubercle Anterior arch Facet for dens Anterior tubercle Posterior arch Groove for vertebral artery (Canal for vertebral artery) Posterior tubercle Axis Dens Apex Anterior articular facet Posterior articular facet Vertebra prominens Should this be listed in TA? Vertebral bone Pars interarticularis is a portion of the lamina that is often referred to in the clinical literature. Vertebrae C1-C7 Vertebrae should use Arabic numerals, while Roman numerals should be used for cranial nerves, to avoid potential confusion of CN I with C I, etc. Uncus of body Transverse foramen Chassaignac's tubercle Atlas bone; Vertebra C1 Tubbs et al. Quantitative anatomy of the transverse ligament tubercles. J Neurosurgery 2002 Axis bone; Vertebra C2 Odontoid process Vertebra C7 Vertebrae thoracicae Fovea costalis superior Fovea costalis inferior Fovea costalis processus transversi (Processus uncinatus vertebrae thoracicae primae) Vertebrale lumbales Processus accessorius Processus costalis Processus mammillaris Os sacrum Basis ossis sacri Promontorium Ala ossis sacri Processus articularis superior Pars lateralis Facies auricularis Tuberositas ossis sacri Facies pelvica Lineae transversae Foramina intervertebralia Foramina sacralia anteriora Facies dorsalis Crista sacralis mediana Foramina sacralia posteriora Crista sacralis medialis Crista sacralis lateralis Cornu sacrale Canalis sacralis Hiatus sacralis Apex ossis sacri Os coccygis Cornu coccygeum Skeleton thoracis Costae 1-12 Costae verae 1-7 Costae spuriae 8-12 Costae fluctuantes 11-12 Cartilago costalis Costa Caput costae Facies articularis capitis costae Crista capitis costae Collum costae Crista colli costae Ossa vertebralia thoracica; Vertebrae T1-T12 (Uncus corporis vertebrae thoracicae primae) Ossa vertebralia lumbalia; Vertebrae L1-L5 Processus costiformis Vertebrae sacrales S1-S5; Vertebrae S1-S5 Thoracic vertebrae Thoracic vertebrae Superior costal facet Inferior costal facet Transverse costal facets Superior costal facet Inferior costal facet Transverse costal facets (Uncinate process of first thoracic vertebra) Lumbar vertebrae (Uncinate process of first thoracic (Uncus of body of first thoracic vertebra) vertebra) Lumbar vertebrae Vertebrae L1-L5 Accessory process Costal process Mamillary process Sacrum Accessory process Costal process Mammillary process Sacrum Base of sacrum Promontory Ala of sacrum Superior articular process Lateral part Auricular surface Sacral tuberosity Pelvic surface Transverse ridges Intervertebral foramina Anterior sacral foramina Dorsal surface Median sacral crest Posterior sacral foramina Intermediate sacral crest Lateral sacral crest Sacral cornu; Sacral horn Sacral canal Sacral hiatus Apex ossis sacralis Apex of sacrum Coccyx; Vertebrae coccygeae Coccyx Co 1-4; Vertebrae Co1-Co4 Ossa costalia Ossa costalia vera Ossa costalia spuria Ossa costalia fluctuantia Os costale Coccygeal cornu Thoracic skeleton Ribs 1-12 True ribs 1-7 False ribs 8-12 Floating ribs 11-12 Costal cartilage Rib Head of rib Articular facet on head of rib Crest on head of rib Neck of rib Crest on neck of rib Base of sacrum Promontory Ala of sacrum Superior articular process Lateral part Auricular surface Sacral tuberosity Pelvic surface Transverse ridges Intervertebral foramina Anterior sacral foramina Dorsal surface Median sacral crest Posterior sacral foramina Intermediate sacral crest Lateral sacral crest Sacral cornu; Sacral horn Sacral canal Sacral hiatus Apex of sacrum Coccyx Coccygeal cornu Thoracic skeleton Ribs 1-12 True ribs 1-7 False ribs 8-12 Floating ribs 11-12 Costal cartilage Rib Head of rib Articular facet on head of rib Crest on head of rib Neck of rib Crest on neck of rib Vertebrae T1-T12 Sacral vertebrae S1-5; Sacral bone; Vertebrae S1-S5 Wing of sacrum Coccygeal vertebrae Co1-4; Coccygeal bone; Vertebrae Co1Co4 Rib bone Uncinate process on T1 is only seen occasionally, so it should be listed in parentheses. Corpus costae Tuberculum costae Facies articularis tuberculi costae Body of rib Body of rib Tubercle of rib Tubercle of rib Articular facet on tubercle of rib Articular facet on tubercle of rib Angulus costae Sulcus costae Crista costae (Costa cervicalis) Costa prima Angle of rib Costal groove Crest of rib (Cervical rib) First rib Angle of rib Costal groove Crest of rib (Cervical rib) First rib Rib 1 Scalene tubercle Scalene tubercle Lisfranc's tubercle Groove for subclavian artery Groove for subclavian vein Second rib Second rib bone; Rib 2 Tuberculum musculi scaleni anterioris Sulcus arteriae subclaviae Sulcus venae subclaviae Costa secunda Tuberositas musculi serrati anterioris (Costa lumbalis) Sternum Manubrium sterni Incisura clavicularis Incisura jugularis Angulus sterni Corpus sterni Processus xiphoideus Incisurae costales (Ossa suprasternalia) Vertebrae thoracicae Cavea thoracis Cavitas thoracis Apertura thoracis superior Apertura thoracis inferior Sulcus pulmonalis Arcus costalis Spatium intercostale Angulus infrasternalis Ossa membri superioris Ossa cinguli pectoralis Scapula Facies costalis Fossa subscapularis Facies posterior Spina scapulae Tuberculum deltoideum Fossa supraspinata Fossa infraspinata Acromion (Costa colli) Os costale primum; Costa 1 Groove for subclavian artery Groove for subclavian vein Os costale secundum; Costa 2 Second rib (Os costale lumbale) Os sternalis Ossa vertebralia thoracica; Vertebrae T1-T12 Ossa cinguli membri superioris Os scapulare Facies anterior Tuberosity for serratus anterior muscle (Lumbar rib) Sternum Manubrium of sternum Clavicular notch Jugular notch Sternal angle Tuberosity for serratus anterior muscle (Lumbar rib) Sternum Manubrium of sternum Clavicular notch Jugular notch Sternal angle Body of sternum Xiphoid process Costal notches (Suprasternal bones) Thoracic vertebrae Body of sternum Xiphoid process Costal notches (Suprasternal bones) Thoracic vertebrae Thoracic cage Thoracic cavity Superior thoracic aperture Inferior thoracic aperture Pulmonary groove Costal arch Intercostal space Infrasternal angle Bones of upper limb Bones of pectoral girdle Thoracic cage Thoracic cavity Superior thoracic aperture Inferior thoracic aperture Pulmonary groove Costal arch Intercostal space Infrasternal angle Bones of upper limb Bones of pectoral girdle Scapula Costal surface Subscapular fossa Posterior surface Spine of scapula Deltoid tubercle Supraspinous fossa Infraspinous fossa Acromion Scapula Costal surface Subscapular fossa Posterior surface Spine of scapula Deltoid tubercle Supraspinous fossa Infraspinous fossa Acromion Shaft of rib (Lumbar rib bone) Sternal bone Suprasternal notch Angle of Louis; Angle of Ludwig; Angle of Ludovicus Vertebrae T1-T12 Thoracic inlet Thoracic outlet Costal margin Subcostal angle Bones of shoulder girdle; Bones of upper limb girdle Scapular bone Ribs, vertebrae, and spinal nerves should be numbered with Arabic numerals (as spinal nerves are currently). Facies articularis clavicularis Angulus acromii Margo medialis Margo lateralis Margo superior Incisura scapulae superior Incisura scapulae inferior Angulus inferior Angulus superior Processus glenoidalis Fossa glenoidalis Tuberculum supraglenoidale Tuberculum infraglenoidale Collum scapulae Processus coracoideus Clavicula Externitas sternalis Facies articularis sternalis Impressio ligamenti costoclavicularis Corpus claviculae Sulcus musculi subclavii Externitas acromialis Facies articularis acromialis Tuberositas ligamenti coracoclavicularis Tuberculum conoideum Linea trapezoidea OSSA PARTIS LIBERAE MEMBRI SUPERIORIS Humerus Caput humeri Collum anatomicum Collum chirurgicum Tuberculum majus Tuberculum minus Sulcus intertubercularis Crista tuberculi majoris Crista tuberculi minoris Corpus humeri Facies anteromedialis Facies anterolateralis Facies posterior Incisura spinoglenoidalis Angulus lateralis Cavitas glenoidalis Os claviculare Os humeri Labium laterale Labium mediale Clavicular facet Acromial angle Medial border Lateral border Superior border Superior scapular notch Clavicular facet Acromial angle Medial border Lateral border Superior border Superior scapular notch Inferior scapular notch Inferior scapular notch Inferior angle Superior angle Glenoid process Glenoid fossa Supraglenoid tubercle Infraglenoid tubercle Neck of scapula Coracoid process Clavicle Sternal end Sternal articular surface Impression for costoclavicular ligament Body of clavicle Groove for subclavius muscle Inferior angle Superior angle Glenoid process Glenoid fossa Supraglenoid tubercle Infraglenoid tubercle Neck of scapula Coracoid process Clavicle Sternal end Sternal articular surface Impression for costoclavicular ligament Body of clavicle Groove for subclavius muscle Acromial end Acromial facet Tuberosity for coracoclavicular ligament Conoid tubercle Trapezoid line BONES OF FREE PART OF UPPER LIMB Humerus Head Anatomical neck Surgical neck Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Acromial end Acromial facet Tuberosity for coracoclavicular ligament Conoid tubercle Trapezoid line BONES OF FREE PART OF UPPER LIMB Humerus Head Anatomical neck Surgical neck Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Intertubercular sulcus Crest of greater tubercle Crest of lesser tubercle Body of humerus Anteromedial surface Anterolateral surface Posterior surface Intertubercular sulcus Crest of greater tubercle Crest of lesser tubercle Body of humerus Anteromedial surface Anterolateral surface Posterior surface Suprascapular notch Notch of the scapular spine; Spinoglenoid notch Medial angle Lateral angle Glenoid cavity Incisura scapulae translates to scapular notch; this notch should be designated superior to distinguish it from the notch of the scapular spine, or the inferior scapular notch. The superior transverse scapular ligament crosses this superior scapular notch, while the inferior transverse scapular ligament crosses the inferior scapular notch. This notch should be designated inferior to distinguish it from the superior scapular notch along the upper border of the scapula. The superior transverse scapular ligament crosses this superior scapular notch, while the inferior transverse scapular ligament crosses the inferior scapular notch. The lateral angle of the scapula is often referred to as the glenoid process. This is a shallow depression that is well described as a fossa rather than a cavity. Clavicular bone Sternal facet Facies articularis sternalis translates to Sternal articular surface Shaft of clavicle This is the groove for subclavius muscle attachment. Subclavian groove may be confused with a groove for a subclavian vessel. Humeral bone Greater tuberosity Lesser tuberosity; Tubercle of Weber Bicipital groove Lateral lip Medial lip Shaft of humerus Sulcus nervi radialis Margo medialis Crista supracondylaris medialis (Processus supracondylaris) Margo lateralis Crista supracondylaris lateralis Tuberositas deltoidea Condylus humeri Capitulum humeri Trochlea humeri Fossa olecrani Fossa coronoidea Fossa radialis Epicondylus medialis Sulcus nervi ulnaris Epicondylus lateralis Radius Caput radii Fovea articularis Circumferentia articularis Collum radii Corpus radii Tuberositas radii Facies anterior Facies posterior Facies lateralis Tuberositas pronatoria Margo interosseus Margo anterior Margo posterior Processus styloideus radii Crista suprastyloidea Tuberculum dorsale radii Sulci tendinum musculorum extensorum Incisura ulnaris Facies articularis carpalis Ulna Olecranon Processus coronoideus Tuberositas ulnae Incisura radialis Incisura trochlearis Tuberculum sublimis Corpus ulnae Facies anterior Crista supraepicondylaris medialis Crista supraepicondylaris lateralis Os radiale Os ulnae Radial groove Radial groove Spiral groove; Groove for radial nerve Medial border Medial supracondylar ridge Medial border Medial supracondylar ridge Medial supraepicondylar ridge Supracondylar describes the ridge well, and is less complex than supraepicondylar. (Supracondylar process) Lateral margin Lateral supracondylar ridge (Supracondylar process) Lateral margin Lateral supracondylar ridge Lateral supraepicondylar ridge Supracondylar is the more common use. Deltoid tuberosity Condyle of humerus Capitulum Trochlea of humerus Olecranon fossa Coronoid fossa Radial fossa Medial epicondyle Groove for ulnar nerve Lateral epicondyle Radius Head Articular facet Articular circumference Neck of radius Body of radius Radial tuberosity Anterior surface Posterior surface Lateral surface Pronator tuberosity Interosseous border Anterior border Posterior border Radial styloid process Suprastyloid crest Dorsal radial tubercle Deltoid tuberosity Condyle of humerus Capitulum Trochlea of humerus Olecranon fossa Coronoid fossa Radial fossa Medial epicondyle Groove for ulnar nerve Lateral epicondyle Radius Head Articular facet Articular circumference Neck of radius Body of radius Radial tuberosity Anterior surface Posterior surface Lateral surface Pronator tuberosity Interosseous border Anterior border Posterior border Radial styloid process Suprastyloid crest Dorsal radial tubercle Capitellum Please check on Latin - capitulum versus capitellum. Ulnar groove This matches the Radial groove. Grooves for extensor muscle tendons Ulnar notch Carpal articular surface Ulna Olecranon Coronoid process Tuberosity of ulna Radial notch Trochlear notch Sublime tubercle Body of ulna Anterior surface Grooves for extensor muscle tendons Ulnar notch Carpal articular surface Ulna Olecranon Coronoid process Tuberosity of ulna Radial notch Trochlear notch Sublime tubercle Body of ulna Anterior surface Radial bone Shaft Bicipital tuberosity Dorsal tubercle; Lister's tubercle Ulnar bone Semilunar notch Shaft The dorsal tubercle is usually qualified as belonging to the radius (see radial styloid process for comparable). Facies posterior Facies medialis Margo interosseus Margo anterior Margo posterior Crista musculi supinatoris Caput ulnae Circumferentia articularis Processus styloideus ulnae Ossa manus Ossa carpi (Os centrale) Os scaphoideum Tuberculum ossis scaphoidei Os lunatum Os triquetrum Os pisiforme Os trapezium Tuberculum ossis trapezii Os trapezoideum Os capitatum Os hamatum Hamulus ossis hamati Sulcus carpi Ossa metacarpi [1-5] Basis ossis metacarpi Corpus ossis metacarpi Caput ossis metacarpi Processus styloideus ossis metacarpi tertii Phalanges Phalanx proximalis Phalanx media Phalanx distalis Tuberositas phalangis distalis Basis phalangis Corpus phalangis Caput phalangis Trochlea phalangis Ossa sesamoidea OSSA CINGULI PELVICI Os sacrum Posterior surface Medial surface Interosseous border Anterior border Posterior border Supinator crest Head of ulna Articular circumference Ulnar styloid process Bones of hand Ossa carpalia Carpal bones (Os centrale) Scaphoid bone Tubercle of scaphoid Lunate bone Triquetrum bone Pisiform bone Trapezium bone Tubercle of trapezium bone Trapezoid bone Capitate bone Hamate bone Hook of hamate bone Carpal groove Ossa metacarpalia; Metacarpi Metacarpal bones 1-5 Metacarpal base Body of metacarpal bone Head of metacarpal bone; Metacarpal head Styloid process of third metacarpal bone Ossa digitorum Phalanges Os phalangeale proximale Proximal phalanx Os phalangeale medium Middle phalanx Os phalangeale distale Distal phalanx Tuberosity of distal phalanx Base of phalanx Body of phalanx OSSA CINGULI MEMBRI INFERIORIS Vertebrae sacrales S1-S5; Vertebrae S1-S5 Os coxae Acetabulum Margo acetabuli Head of phalanx Trochlea of phalanx Sesamoid bones BONES OF PELVIC GIRDLE Sacrum Coxal bone Limbus acetabuli Acetabulum Acetabular margin Posterior surface Medial surface Interosseous border Anterior border Posterior border Supinator crest Head of ulna Articular circumference Ulnar styloid process Bones of hand Carpal bones (Os centrale) Scaphoid bone Tubercle of scaphoid Lunate bone Triquetrum bone Pisiform bone Trapezium bone Tubercle of trapezium bone Trapezoid bone Capitate bone Hamate bone Hook of hamate bone Carpal groove Metacarpal bones Metacarpal base Body of metacarpal bone Head of metacarpal bone; Metacarpal head Styloid process of third metacarpal bone Phalanges Proximal phalanx Middle phalanx Distal phalanx Tuberosity of distal phalanx Base of phalanx Body of phalanx Navicular bone Tuberculum ossis scaphoidei translates to Tubercle of scaphoid bone. Semilunar bone Greater multangular bone Lesser multangular bone Metacarpals 1-5 Metacarpals and digits should use Arabic numerals. Base Shaft; Metacarpal shaft Phalangeal bones Proximal phalangeal bone Middle phalangeal bone Distal phalangeal bone Phalangeal base Shaft of phalanx; Phalangeal shaft Head of phalanx Phalangeal head Trochlea of phalanx Phalangeal trochlea Sesamoid bones BONES OF PELVIC GIRDLE BONES OF LOWER LIMB Cingulum membri inferioris translates to Lower limb girdle. GIRDLE Sacrum Sacral bone; Sacral vertebrae; Vertebrae and ribs should use Arabic numerals as do peripheral nerves. Vertebrae S1-S5 Coxal bone Hip bone; Pelvic bone; Innominate # Ian Whitmore recommends Hip bone over Coxal bone bone Acetabulum Acetabular margin Fossa acetabuli Incisura acetabuli Facies lunata Ramus ischiopubicus Foramen obturatum Incisura ischiadica major Os ilium Corpus ossis ilii Sulcus supraacetabularis Ala ossis ilii Linea arcuata Crista iliaca Labium externum Tuberculum iliacum Zona intermedia Labium internum Spina iliaca anterior superior Spina iliaca anterior inferior Spina iliaca posterior superior Spina iliaca posterior inferior Fossa iliaca Facies glutea Linea glutea anterior Linea glutea posterior Linea glutea inferior Facies sacropelvica Facies auricularis Tuberositas iliaca Os ischii Corpus ossis ischii Ramus ossis ischii Tuber ischiadicum Spina ischiadica Incisura ischiadica minor Os pubis Corpus ossis pubis Tuberculum pubicum Facies symphysialis Crista pubica Ramus superior ossis pubis Eminentia iliopubica Pecten ossis pubis Crista obturatoria Sulcus obturatorius Tuberculum obturatorium anterius (Tuberculum obturatorium posterius) Ramus inferior ossis pubis Pelvis Ilium Ischium Pubis Acetabular fossa Acetabular notch Lunate surface Ischiopubic ramus Obturator foramen Greater sciatic notch Ilium Body of ilium Supra-acetabular groove Ala of ilium Arcuate line Iliac crest Outer lip Iliac tubercle Intermediate zone Inner lip Anterior superior iliac spine Anterior inferior iliac spine Posterior superior iliac spine Posterior inferior iliac spine Iliac fossa Gluteal surface Anterior gluteal line Posterior gluteal line Inferior gluteal line Sacropelvic surface Auricular surface Iliac tuberosity Ischium Body of ischium Ramus of ischium Ischial tuberosity Ischial spine Lesser sciatic notch Pubis Body of pubis Pubic tubercle Symphysial surface Pubic crest Superior pubic ramus Iliopubic eminence Pecten pubis Obturator crest Obturator groove Anterior obturator tubercle Acetabular fossa Acetabular notch Lunate surface Ischiopubic ramus Obturator foramen Greater sciatic notch Ilium Body of ilium Supraacetabular groove Ala of ilium Arcuate line Iliac crest Outer lip Iliac tubercle Intermediate zone Inner lip Anterior superior iliac spine Anterior inferior iliac spine Posterior superior iliac spine Posterior inferior iliac spine Iliac fossa Gluteal surface Anterior gluteal line Posterior gluteal line Inferior gluteal line Sacropelvic surface Auricular surface Iliac tuberosity Ischium Body of ischium Ramus of ischium Ischial tuberosity Ischial spine Lesser sciatic notch Pubis Body of pubis Pubic tubercle Symphyseal surface Pubic crest Superior pubic ramus Iliopubic eminence Pecten pubis Obturator crest Obturator groove Anterior obturator tubercle (Posterior obturator tubercle) (Posterior obturator tubercle) Inferior pubic ramus Pelvis Inferior pubic ramus Pelvis Greater ischiatic notch Iliac bone Wing of ilium Tuberculum iliacum translates to Iliac tubercle (see A02.5.01.303, Pubic tubercle). Linea is a typo. Ischial bone Ischial ramus Lesser ischiatic notch Pubic bone Eminentia iliopubica translates to Iliopubic eminence. Pectineal line Cavitas pelvis Arcus pubicus Angulus subpubicus Pelvis major Pelvis minor Linea terminalis Apertura pelvis superior Apertura pelvis inferior Axis pelvis Diameter transversus Diameter obliquus Conjugata anatomica Conjugata vera Conjugata diagonalis Conjugata recta Conjugata mediana Conjugata externa Distantia interspinalis Distantia intercristalis Distantia intertrochanterica Inclinatio pelvis OSSA PARTIS LIBERAE MEMBRI INFERIORIS Os femoris Caput femoris Fovea capitis femoris Collum femoris Trochanter major Fossa trochanterica Trochanter minor (Trochanter tertius) Linea intertrochanterica Crista intertrochanterica Tuberculum quadratum Corpus femoris Linea aspera Labium laterale Labium mediale Linea pectinea Tuberositas glutea Facies poplitea Linea supracondylaris medialis Linea supracondylaris lateralis Condylus medialis Epicondylus medialis Tuberculum adductorium Condylus lateralis Epicondylus lateralis Linea iliopectinea Pelvic cavity Pubic arch Subpubic angle Greater pelvis Lesser pelvis Linea terminalis Pelvic cavity Pubic arch Subpubic angle Greater pelvis Lesser pelvis Linea terminalis Femur Pelvic inlet Pelvic outlet Axis of pelvis Transverse diameter Oblique diameter Anatomical conjugate True conjugate Diagonal conjugate Straight conjugate Median conjugate External conjugate Interspinous distance Intercristal distance Intertrochanteric distance Pelvic inclination BONES OF FREE PART OF LOWER LIMB Femur Pelvic inlet Pelvic outlet Axis of pelvis Transverse diameter Oblique diameter Anatomical conjugate True conjugate Diagonal conjugate Straight conjugate Median conjugate External conjugate Interspinous distance Intercristal distance Intertrochanteric distance Pelvic inclination BONES OF FREE PART OF LOWER LIMB Femur Head of femur Fovea for ligament of head Neck of femur Greater trochanter Trochanteric fossa Lesser trochanter (Third trochanter) Intertrochanteric line Intertrochanteric crest Quadrate tubercle Body of femur Linea aspera Lateral lip Medial lip Pectineal line Gluteal tuberosity Popliteal surface Medial supracondylar line Lateral supracondylar line Medial condyle Medial epicondyle Adductor tubercle Lateral condyle Lateral epicondyle Head of femur Fovea for ligament of head Neck of femur Greater trochanter Trochanteric fossa Lesser trochanter (Third trochanter) Intertrochanteric line Intertrochanteric crest Quadrate tubercle Body of femur Linea aspera Lateral lip Medial lip Pectineal line Gluteal tuberosity Popliteal surface Medial supracondylar line Lateral supracondylar line Medial condyle Medial epicondyle Adductor tubercle Lateral condyle Lateral epicondyle False pelvis True pelvis Terminal line; Iliopectineal line Terminal line is the common translation of Linea terminalis, and Linea iliopectineus or iliopectineal line is its commonly used equivalent. Baudelocque's diameter Interspinous diameter Intercristal diameter Intertrochanteric diameter Femoral bone; Thigh bone Shaft of femur Spiral line Following the logic of naming femoral artery and nerve such, and not artery and nerve of the thigh, the bone should be called femur. Sulcus popliteus Facies patellaris Fossa intercondylaris Linea intercondylaris Patella Basis patellae Apex patellae Facies articularis Facies anterior Tibia Facies articularis superior Condylus medialis Condylus lateralis Facies articularis fibularis Area intercondylaris anterior Area intercondylaris posterior Eminentia intercondylaris Tuberculum intercondylare mediale Tuberculum intercondylare laterale Planum tibiae Corpus tibiae Tuberositas tibiae Facies medialis Facies posterior Linea musculi solei Facies lateralis Tuberculum tractus iliotibialis Margo anterior Margo medialis Margo interosseus Malleolus medialis Sulcus malleolaris Facies articularis malleoli medialis Malleolus posterior Incisura fibularis Facies articularis inferior Fibula Caput fibulae Facies articularis capitis fibulae Apex capitis fibulae Collum fibulae Corpus fibulae Facies lateralis Facies medialis Facies posterior Crista medialis Os patellare Os tibiale Os fibulare Groove for popliteus muscle Patellar surface Intercondylar fossa Intercondylar line Patella Base of patella Apex of patella Articular surface Anterior surface Tibia Superior articular surface Medial condyle Lateral condyle Fibular articular facet Anterior intercondylar area Posterior intercondylar area Intercondylar eminence Medial intercondylar tubercle Groove for popliteus muscle Patellar surface Intercondylar fossa Intercondylar line Patella Base of patella Apex of patella Articular surface Anterior surface Tibia Superior articular surface Medial condyle Lateral condyle Fibular articular facet Anterior intercondylar area Posterior intercondylar area Intercondylar eminence Medial intercondylar tubercle Lateral intercondylar tubercle Lateral intercondylar tubercle Tibial plateau Body of tibia Tibial tuberosity Medial surface Posterior surface Soleal line Lateral surface Tubercle of iliotibial tract Anterior border Medial border Interosseous border Medial malleolus Malleolar groove Articular facet Tibial plateau Body of tibia Tibial tuberosity Medial surface Posterior surface Soleal line Lateral surface Tubercle of iliotibial tract Anterior border Medial border Interosseous border Medial malleolus Malleolar groove Articular facet Posterior malleolus Posterior malleolus Fibular notch Inferior articular surface Fibula Head of fibula Articular facet Apex of head of fibula Neck of fibula Body of fibula Lateral surface Medial surface Posterior surface Medial crest Fibular notch Inferior articular surface Fibula Head of fibula Articular facet Apex of head of fibula Neck of fibula Body of fibula Lateral surface Medial surface Posterior surface Medial crest Patellar bone Tibial bone Medial intercondylar spine Lateral intercondylar spine Shaft of tibia Gerdy's tubercle Posterior malleolus is commonly recognized clinically (http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00391). Fibular bone Shaft of fibula Margo anterior Margo interosseus Margo posterior Malleolus lateralis Facies articularis malleoli lateralis Fossa malleoli lateralis Sulcus malleolaris Ossa pedis Ossa tarsi Os tali Caput tali Facies articularis navicularis Facies articularis ligamenti calcaneonavicularis plantaris Facies articularis partis calcaneonavicularis ligamenti bifurcati Facies articularis calcanearis anterior Collum tali Facies articularis calcanearis media Sulcus tali Corpus tali Trochlea tali Facies superior Facies malleolaris lateralis Processus lateralis tali Facies malleolaris medialis Processus posterior tali Sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi Tuberculum laterale Tuberculum mediale Facies articularis calcanearis posterior (Os trigonum) Calcaneus Tuber calcanei Processus medialis tuberis calcanei Processus lateralis tuberis calcanei Tuberculum calcanei Sustentaculum tali Sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi Sulcus calcanei Sinus tarsi Facies articularis talaris anterior Ossa tarsalia Talus Os calcaneum Anterior border Interosseous border Posterior border Lateral malleolus Articular facet Anterior border Interosseous border Posterior border Lateral malleolus Articular facet Malleolar fossa Malleolar groove Bones of foot Tarsal bones Talus Head of talus Navicular articular surface Facet for plantar calcaneonavicular ligament Facet for calcaneonavicular part of bifurcate ligament Malleolar fossa Malleolar groove Bones of foot Tarsal bones Talus Head of talus Navicular articular surface Facet for plantar calcaneonavicular ligament Facet for calcaneonavicular part of bifurcate ligament Anterior facet for calcaneus Anterior facet for calcaneus Neck of talus Middle facet for calcaneus Neck of talus Middle facet for calcaneus Talar sulcus Body of talus Trochlea of talus Superior facet Lateral malleolar facet Lateral process Medial malleolar facet Posterior process Groove for tendon of flexor hallucis longus muscle Lateral tubercle Medial tubercle Posterior calcaneal articular facet (Os trigonum) Calcaneus Calcaneal tuberosity Medial process Talar sulcus Body of talus Trochlea of talus Superior facet Lateral malleolar facet Lateral process Medial malleolar facet Posterior process Groove for tendon of flexor hallucis longus muscle Lateral tubercle Medial tubercle Posterior calcaneal articular facet Lateral process Lateral process Calcaneal tubercle Sustentaculum tali Groove for tendon of flexor hallucis longus muscle Calcaneal sulcus Tarsal sinus Anterior talar articular surface Calcaneal tubercle Sustentaculum tali Groove for tendon of flexor hallucis longus muscle Calcaneal sulcus Tarsal sinus Anterior talar articular surface (Os trigonum) Calcaneus Calcaneal tuberosity Medial process Talar bone; Astragalus Calcaneal bone Talar shelf Talar shelf is a colloquial term. Facies articularis talaris media Facies articularis talaris posterior Middle talar articular surface Posterior talar articular surface Middle talar articular surface Posterior talar articular surface Sulcus tendinis musculi fibularis Sulcus tendinis musculi longi peronei longi Trochlea fibularis Trochlea peroneus Groove for tendon of fibularis longus muscle Fibular trochlea Groove for tendon of fibularis longus muscle Fibular trochlea Facies articularis cuboidea Processus anterior calcanei Os naviculare Tuberositas ossis navicularis Os cuneiforme mediale Os cuneiforme intermedium Articular surface for cuboid Anterior process Navicular bone Tuberosity of navicular Medial cuneiform bone Intermediate cuneiform bone Articular surface for cuboid Anterior process Navicular bone Tuberosity of navicular Medial cuneiform bone Intermediate cuneiform bone Os cuneiforme laterale Os cuboideum Sulcus tendinis musculi fibularis longi Tuberositas ossis cuboidei Processus calcaneus Ossa metatarsi [1-5] Basis ossis metatarsi Corpus ossis metatarsi Caput ossis metatarsi Tuberositas ossis metatarsi primi [1] Tuberositas ossis metatarsi quinti [5] Phalanges Lateral cuneiform bone Cuboid bone Groove for tendon of fibularis longus muscle Tuberosity of cuboid Calcaneal process Metatarsals [1-5] Base of metatarsal bone Body of metatarsal bone Head of metatarsal bone Tuberosity of first metatarsal bone [1] Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone [5] Phalangeal bones Lateral cuneiform bone Cuboid bone Groove for tendon of fibularis longus muscle Tuberosity of cuboid Calcaneal process Metatarsals [1-5] Base of metatarsal bone Body of metatarsal bone Head of metatarsal bone Tuberosity of first metatarsal bone [1] Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone [5] Phalangeal bones Proximal phalanx Middle phalanx Distal phalanx Tuberosity of distal phalanx Base of phalanx Body of phalanx Head of phalanx Trochlea of phalanx Sesamoid bones Articular system Joint Bony joints Synarthrosis Fibrous joint Syndesmosis Gomphosis Interosseous membrane Suture Plane suture Squamous suture Limbous suture Proximal phalanx Middle phalanx Distal phalanx Tuberosity of distal phalanx Base of phalanx Body of phalanx Head of phalanx Trochlea of phalanx Sesamoid bones Articular system Joint Bony joints Synarthrosis Fibrous joint Syndesmosis Gomphosis Interosseous membrane Suture Plane suture Squamous suture Limbous suture Phalanx proximalis Phalanx media Phalanx distalis Tuberositas phalangis distalis Basis phalangis Corpus phalangis Caput phalangis Trochlea phalangis Ossa sesamoidea Systema articulare Junctura Juncturae ossium Synarthrosis Junctura fibrosa Syndesmosis Gomphosis Membrana interossea Sutura Sutura plana Sutura squamosa Sutura limbosa Sulcus tendinis musculi peronei longi Ossa metatarsalia Ossa digitorum; Ossa phalangea Os phalangeum proximale Os phalangeum medium Os phalangeum distale Juncturae Groove for tendon of peroneus longus muscle Peroneal trochlea; Peroneal tubercle Peroneus/peroneal should be replaced with fibularis/fibular to match the name of the fibula bone. Peroneus/peroneal should be replaced with fibularis/fibular to match the name of the fibula bone. Anterior process of calcaneus is often involved in fractures of the calcaneus. First cuneiform, Cuneiform 1 Second cuneiform, Cuneiform 2; Middle cuneiform bone Third cuneiform, Cuneiform 3 Groove for tendon of peroneus longus muscle Peroneus/peroneal should be replaced with fibularis/fibular to match the name of the fibula bone. Metatarsal bones Metatarsals and digits should use Arabic numerals. Shaft of metatarsal bone Metatarsals and digits should use Arabic numerals. Metatarsals and digits should use Arabic numerals. Proximal phalangeal bone Middle phalangeal bone Distal phalangeal bone Shaft of phalanx Joints Socket Sutura serrata Sutura denticulata Schindylesis Junctura cartilaginea Synchondrosis Symphysis Cartilago epiphysialis Junctura ossea Junctura synovialis Facies articularis Cavitas articularis Fossa articularis (Caput articulare) Labrum articulare Capsula articularis Stratum fibrosum Membrana synovialis Plicae synoviales Villi synoviales Synovia Discus articularis Meniscus articularis Ligamenta Ligamenta intracapsularia Ligamenta capsularia Ligamenta extracapsularia Recessus articularis Bursa synovialis Vagina synovialis Articulatio simplex Articulatio composita Articulatio plana Articulatio cylindrical Articulatio trochoidea Ginglymus Articulatio bicondylaris Articulatio sellaris Articulatio ellipsoidea Articulatio spheroidea Articulatio cotylica Amphiarthrosis Abductio Adductio Rotatio lateralis Rotatio medialis Circumductio Serrate suture Denticulate suture Schindylesis Cartilaginous joint Synchondrosis Symphysis Epiphyseal cartilage Synostosis Synovial joint Articular surface Articular cavity Articular fossa (Articular head) Articular labrum Articular capsule Fibrous layer Synovial membrane Synovial folds Synovial villi Synovial fluid Articular disc Meniscus Ligaments Intracapsular ligaments Capsular ligaments Extracapsular ligaments Articular recess Synovial bursa Synovial sheath Simple joint Complex joint Plane joint Cylindrical joint Pivot joint Hinge joint Bicondylar joint Saddle joint Ellipsoid joint Suture cranii Cotyloid joint Amphiarthrosis Abduction Adduction Lateral rotation Serrated suture Denticulated suture Rotatio externa; Exorotatio Serrate suture Denticulate suture Schindylesis Cartilaginous joint Synchondrosis Symphysis Epiphysial cartilage Synostosis Synovial joint Articular surface Articular cavity Articular fossa (Articular head) Articular labrum Articular capsule Fibrous layer Synovial membrane Synovial folds Synovial villi Synovial fluid Articular disc Meniscus Ligaments Intracapsular ligaments Capsular ligaments Extracapsular ligaments Articular recess Synovial bursa Synovial sheath Simple joint Complex joint Plane joint Cylindrical joint Pivot joint Hinge joint Bicondylar joint Saddle joint Ellipsoid joint Ball and socket joint Cotyloid joint Amphiarthrosis Abduction Adduction Lateral rotation Rotatio interna; Endorotatio Medial rotation Medial rotation Internal rotation Circumduction Circumduction Synostosis Articulatio; Diarthrosis Membrana fibrosa Stratum synoviale Articulatio condylaris Enarthrosis Secondary cartilaginous joint is a description of a symphysis, not its name. Primary cartilaginous joint is a description of epiphysial cartilage, not its name. Bony union Diarthrosis Joint capsule Fibrous membrane Synovial layer Haversian folds Arthrodial joint Sellar joint Condylar joint Spheroidal joint Articulatio sellaris translates to sellar joint. Condylar and ellipsoidal joints are equivalents. External rotation External rotation; medial and lateral are relative terms used for positions toward or away from the centerline of the body, while internal and external are relative depths and are synonyms of superficial and deep Internal rotation; medial and lateral are relative terms used for positions toward or away from the centerline of the body, while internal and external are relative depths and are synonyms of superficial and deep Flexio Extensio Pronatio Supinatio Oppositio Repositio Plantaflexio Dorsoflexio Elevatio Depressio Eversio Inversio Protractio Retractio Juncturae cranii Juncturae fibrosae cranii Syndesmoses cranii Ligamentum pterygospinale Ligamentum stylohyoideum Suturae cranii Sutura coronalis Sutura sagittalis Sutura lambdoidea Sutura occipitomastoidea Sutura sphenofrontalis Sutura sphenoethmoidalis Sutura sphenosquamosa Sutura sphenoparietalis Sutura squamosa (Sutura metopica) Sutura parietomastoidea (Sutura squamomastoidea) Sutura frontonasalis Sutura frontoethmoidalis Sutura frontomaxillaris Sutura frontolacrimalis Sutura frontozygomatica Sutura zygomaticomaxillaris Sutura ethmoidomaxillaris Sutura ethmoidolacrimalis Sutura sphenovomeralis Sutura sphenozygomatica Sutura sphenomaxillaris Sutura temporozygomatica Sutura internasalis Sutura nasomaxillaris Sutura lacrimomaxillaris Sutura lacrimoconchalis Sutura intermaxillaris (Sutura frontalis persistens) Flexion Extension Pronation Supination Opposition Reposition Plantaflexion Dorsiflexion Elevation Depression Eversion Inversion Protraction Retraction Joints of skull Cranial fibrous joints Cranial syndesmoses Pterygospinous ligament Stylohyoid ligament Cranial sutures Coronal suture Sagittal suture Lambdoid suture Occipitomastoid suture Sphenofrontal suture Spheno-ethmoidal suture Sphenosquamous suture Sphenoparietal suture Squamous suture (Metopic suture) Parietomastoid suture (Squamomastoid suture) Frontonasal suture Fronto-ethmoidal suture Frontomaxillary suture Frontolacrimal suture Frontozygomatic suture Zygomaticomaxillary suture Ethmoidomaxillary suture Ethmoidolacrimal suture Sphenovomerine suture Sphenozygomatic suture Sphenomaxillary suture Temporozygomatic suture Internasal suture Nasomaxillary suture Lacrimomaxillary suture Lacrimoconchal suture Intermaxillary suture Flexion Extension Pronation Supination Opposition Reposition Plantaflexion Dorsiflexion Elevation Depression Eversion Inversion Protraction Retraction Joints of skull Cranial fibrous joints Cranial syndesmoses Pterygospinous ligament Stylohyoid ligament Cranial sutures Coronal suture Sagittal suture Lambdoid suture Occipitomastoid suture Sphenofrontal suture Sphenoethmoidal suture Sphenosquamous suture Sphenoparietal suture Squamous suture (Metopic suture) Parietomastoid suture (Squamomastoid suture) Frontonasal suture Frontoethmoidal suture Frontomaxillary suture Frontolacrimal suture Frontozygomatic suture Zygomaticomaxillary suture Ethmoidomaxillary suture Ethmoidolacrimal suture Sphenovomerine suture Sphenozygomatic suture Sphenomaxillary suture Temporozygomatic suture Internasal suture Nasomaxillary suture Lacrimomaxillary suture Lacrimoconchal suture Intermaxillary suture Plantar flexion This motion should be added to this list of motions. This motion should be added to this list of motions. This motion should be added to this list of motions. This motion should be added to this list of motions. This motion should be added to this list of motions. This motion should be added to this list of motions. This motion should be added to this list of motions. This motion should be added to this list of motions. Ligament of Civinini Lambdoidal suture Squamosal suture Frontal suture Lambdoidal matches sagittal and coronal. Sutura palatomaxillaris Sutura palatoethmoidalis Sutura palatina mediana Sutura palatina transversa Gomphosis Palatomaxillary suture Palato-ethmoidal suture Median palatine suture Transverse palatine suture Syndesmosis dentoalveolaris Gomphosis Palatomaxillary suture Palatoethmoidal suture Median palatine suture Transverse palatine suture Gomphosis Periodontium Gingiva Periodontium protectionis Periodontium insertionis Desmodontium Periodontal membrane Gingiva Attached gingiva Inserting gingiva Desmodentium Periodontal membrane Gingiva Attached gingiva Inserting gingiva Desmodentium Cementum Alveoli dentales Juncturae cartilagineae cranii Synchondroses cranii Synchondrosis sphenoccipitalis Synchondrosis sphenopetrosa Synchondrosis petrooccipitalis (Synchondrosis intraoccipitalis posterior) (Synchondrosis intraoccipitalis anterior) Synchondrosis sphenoethmoidalis Articulationes cranii Articulatio temporomandibularis Discus articularis Ligamentum laterale Ligamentum mediale Membrana synovialis superior Membrana synovialis inferior Cavitas articularis superior Cement Dental alveoli Cranial cartilaginous joints Cranial synchondroses Spheno-occipital synchondrosis Sphenopetrosal synchondrosis Petro-occipital synchondrosis (Posterior intra-occipital synchondrosis) (Anterior intra-occipital synchondrosis) Spheno-ethmoidal synchondrosis Cement Dental alveoli Cranial cartilaginous joints Cranial synchondroses Sphenooccipital synchondrosis Sphenopetrosal synchondrosis Petrooccipital synchondrosis (Posterior intraoccipital synchondrosis) (Anterior intraoccipital synchondrosis) Sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis Cranial synovial joints Temporomandibular joint Cranial synovial joints Temporomandibular joint Articular disc Lateral ligament Medial ligament Superior synovial membrane Inferior synovial membrane Superior articular cavity Articular disc Lateral ligament Medial ligament Superior synovial membrane Inferior synovial membrane Superior articular cavity Cavitas articularis inferior Inferior articular cavity Inferior articular cavity Ligamentum sphenomandibulare Sphenomandibular ligament Sphenomandibular ligament Ligamentum stylomandibulare Articulatio atlantooccipitalis Membrana atlantooccipitalis anterior (Ligamentum atlantoccipitale anterius) Membrana atlantooccipitalis posterior Ligamentum atlantooccipitale laterale Juncturae columnae vertebralis Stylomandibular ligament Atlanto-occipital joint Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane (Anterior atlanto-occipital ligament) Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane Lateral atlanto-occipital ligament Vertebral joints Stylomandibular ligament Atlantooccipital joint Anterior atlantooccipital membrane (Anterior atlantooccipital ligament) Posterior atlantooccipital membrane Lateral atlantooccipital ligament Vertebral joints Dentoalveolar syndesmosis; Dentoalveolar syndesmosis Periodontal ligament Gum See above - Is Periodontium protectionis equivalent to gingiva or gum? Is this redundant? Free gingiva Periodontal fiber; Periodontal fibre Cementum Superior joint cavity; Superior joint space Inferior joint cavity; Inferior joint space Check Latin Check Latin Syndesmoses columnae vertebralis Ligamenta interspinalia Ligamenta flava Ligamenta intertransversaria Ligamentum supraspinale Ligamentum nuchae Syndesmoses of vertebral column Interspinous ligaments Ligamenta flava Intertransverse ligaments Supraspinous ligament Nuchal ligament Syndesmoses of vertebral column Interspinous ligaments Ligamenta flava Intertransverse ligaments Supraspinous ligament Nuchal ligament Ligamentum longitudinale anterius Ligamentum longitudinale posterius Synchondroses columnae vertebralis Symphysis intervertebralis Discus intervertebralis Anulus fibrosus Nucleus pulposus Articulationes columnae vertebralis Articulatio atlantoaxialis mediana Ligamenta alaria (Ligamentum occipitale transversum) Ligamentum apicis dentis Ligamentum atlantodentale anterius Ligamentum cruciforme atlantis Fasciculi longitudinales Ligamentum transversum atlantis Anterior longitudinal ligament Anterior longitudinal ligament Posterior longitudinal ligament Posterior longitudinal ligament Synchondroses of vertebral column Intervertebral symphysis Intervertebral disc Anulus fibrosus Nucleus pulposus Vertebral synovial joints Synchondroses of vertebral column Intervertebral symphysis Intervertebral disc Anulus fibrosus Nucleus pulposus Vertebral synovial joints Median atlanto-axial joint Median atlantoaxial joint Membrana tectoria Articulatio atlantoaxialis lateralis Articulationes zygapophysiales Alar ligaments Alar ligaments (Transverse occitpital ligament) (Transverse occitpital ligament) Apical ligament of dens Anterior atlantodental ligament Apical ligament of dens Anterior atlantodental ligament Cruciate ligament of atlas Longitudinal bands Transverse ligament of atlas Cruciate ligament of atlas Longitudinal bands Transverse ligament of atlas Tectorial membrane Lateral atlanto-axial joint Tectorial membrane Lateral atlantoaxial joint Zygapophysial joint Zygapophyseal joints Articulatio lumbosacralis Ligamentum iliolumbale Articulatio sacrococcygea Ligamentum sacrococcygeum posterius superficiale Lumbosacral joint Iliolumbar ligament Sacrococcygeal joint Ligamentum sacrococcygeum Superficial posterior dorsale superficiale sacrococcygeal ligament Lumbosacral joint Iliolumbar ligament Sacrococcygeal joint Superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament Ligamentum sacrococcygeum posterius profundum Ligamentum sacrococcygeum Deep posterior sacrococcygeal dorsale profundum ligament Deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament Ligamentum sacrococcygeum anterius Ligamentum sacrococcygeum laterale Juncturae thoracis Syndesmoses thoracis Ligamentum sacrococcygeum Anterior sacrococcygeal Anterior sacrococcygeal ligament ventrale ligament Lateral sacrococcygeal ligament Lateral sacrococcygeal ligament Thoracic joints Syndesmoses of thorax Thoracic joints Syndesmoses of thorax The Latin term is always available to be used; an equivalent term should be the English translation or equivalent. Fibrous ring Mauchart's ligaments Transverse occipital ligament is found in approximately 44%, frequently connecting to alar ligament and dens. Anterior atlantodental ligament is present in over 80%, frequently connecting with the anterior atlantooccipital ligament. Facet joints Membrana intercostalis externa Membrana intercostalis interna Synchondroses thoracis Synchondrosis costosternalis Synchondrosis costae primae Synchondroses sternales Symphysis xiphosternalis Symphysis manubriosternalis (Synchondrosis manubriosternalis) Articulationes thoracis Articulationes costovertebrales External intercostal membrane Internal intercostal membrane Synchondroses of thorax Costosternal joint Synchondrosis of first rib Sternal synchondroses Xiphisternal joint Manubriosternal joint (Manubriosternal synchondrosis) External intercostal membrane Internal intercostal membrane Synchondroses of thorax Costosternal joint Sternocostal joint Synchondrosis of first rib Sternal synchondroses Xiphisternal joint Manubriosternal joint (Manubriosternal synchondrosis) Synovial joints of thorax Costovertebral joints Synovial joints of thorax Costovertebral joints Articulatio capitis costae Ligamentum capitis costae radiatum Ligamentum capitis costae intraarticulare Articulatio costotransversaria Ligamentum costotransversarium Joint of head of rib Radiate ligament of head of rib Joint of head of rib Radiate ligament of head of rib Intra-articular ligament of head of rib Costotransverse joint Costotransverse ligament Intraarticular ligament of head of rib Costotransverse joint Costotransverse ligament Ligamentum costotransversarium superius Ligamentum costotransversarium laterale Ligamentum lumbocostale Foramen costotransversarium Articulationes sternocostales Ligamentum sternocostale intraarticulare Ligamenta sternocostalia radiata Articulationes costochondrales Superior costotransverse Superior costotransverse ligament ligament Lateral costotransverse ligament Lateral costotransverse ligament Ligament of Krause Lumbocostal ligament Costotransverse foramen Sternocostal joints Intra-articular sternocostal ligament Radiate sternocostal ligaments Costochondral joints Lumbocostal ligament Costotransverse foramen Sternocostal joints Intraarticular sternocostal ligament Radiate sternocostal ligaments Costochondral joints Articulationes interchondrales Juncturae membri superioris JUNCTURAE CINGULI PECTORALIS Syndesmoses cinguli pectoralis Syndesmoses cinguli membri superioris Interchondral joints Joints of upper limb JOINTS OF PECTORAL GIRDLE Syndesmoses of pectoral girdle Interchondral joints Joints of upper limb JOINTS OF PECTORAL GIRDLE Syndesmoses of pectoral girdle Syndesmoses of upper limb girdle; Syndesmoses of shoulder girdle Ligamentum coracoacromiale Ligamentum transversum scapulae superius (Ligamentum transversum scapulae inferius) Articulationes cinguli pectoralis Coraco-acromial ligament Superior transverse scapular ligament (Inferior transverse scapular ligament) Synovial joints of pectoral girdle Coracoacromial ligament Superior transverse scapular ligament (Inferior transverse scapular ligament) Synovial joints of pectoral girdle Ligamentum acromioclaviculare (Discus articularis) Ligamentum coracoclaviculare Ligamentum trapezoideum Acromioclavicular ligament (Articular disc) Coracoclavicular ligament Trapezoid ligament Acromioclavicular ligament (Articular disc) Coracoclavicular ligament Trapezoid ligament Synovial joints of upper limb girdle; Synovial joints of shoulder girdle Ligamentum conoideum Articulatio sternoclavicularis Discus articularis Ligamentum sternoclaviculare anterius Ligamentum sternoclaviculare posterius Ligamentum costoclaviculare Ligamentum interclaviculare JUNCTURAE MEMBRI SUPERIORIS LIBERI Syndesmosis radioulnaris Membrana interossea antebrachii Chorda oblique Articulationes membri superioris liberi Articulatio glenohumeralis Labrum glenoidale Ligamenta glenohumeralia Conoid ligament Sternoclavicular joint Articular disc Anterior sternoclavicular ligament Posterior sternoclavicular ligament Costoclavicular ligament Interclavicular ligament JOINTS OF FREE UPPER LIMB Radio-ulnar syndesmosis Interosseous membrane of forearm Oblique cord Synovial joints of free upper limb Glenohumeral joint Glenoid labrum Glenohumeral ligaments Conoid ligament Sternoclavicular joint Articular disc Anterior sternoclavicular ligament Posterior sternoclavicular ligament Costoclavicular ligament Interclavicular ligament JOINTS OF FREE UPPER LIMB Radioulnar syndesmosis Interosseous membrane of forearm Oblique cord Synovial joints of free upper limb Glenohumeral joint Glenoid labrum Glenohumeral ligaments Ligamentum glenohumerale superius Ligamentum glenohumerale medium Ligamentum glenohumerale inferius Ligamentum coracohumerale Ligamentum transversum humeri Superior glenohumeral ligament Superior glenohumeral ligament Move after elbow joint. Joints of the limbs should be listed in proximo-distal order. Shoulder joint Ligament of Macalister Glenohumeral bands; Flood's ligament Superior glenohumeral band; Flood's ligament Middle glenohumeral band; Flood's ligament Inferior glenohumeral band; Flood's ligament Articulatio humeri does not make sense - there are three of these. The three glenohumeral ligaments should be listed separately. The three glenohumeral ligaments should be listed separately. Middle glenohumeral ligament Middle glenohumeral ligament The three glenohumeral ligaments should be listed separately. Inferior glenohumeral ligament Inferior glenohumeral ligament Coracohumeral ligament Transverse humeral ligament Coracohumeral ligament Transverse humeral ligament Articulatio cubiti Articulatio humeroulnaris Articulatio humeroradialis Articulatio radioulnaris proximalis Ligamentum collaterale ulnare Ligamentum collaterale radiale Ligamentum anulare radii Ligamentum quadratum Recessus sacciformis Articulatio radioulnaris distalis Elbow joint Humero-ulnar joint Humeroradial joint Proximal radio-ulnar joint Elbow joint Humeroulnar joint Humeroradial joint Proximal radioulnar joint Ulnar collateral ligament Radial collateral ligament Anular ligament of radius Quadrate ligament Sacciform recess Distal radio-ulnar joint Ulnar collateral ligament Radial collateral ligament Anular ligament of radius Quadrate ligament Sacciform recess Distal radioulnar joint Discus articularis Recessus sacciformis Ligamentum radioulnare dorsale Articular disc Sacciform recess Dorsal radioulnar ligament Articular disc Sacciform recess Dorsal radioulnar ligament As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Distal radioulnar ligament group Ligamentum radioulnare palmare Palmar radioulnar ligament Palmar radioulnar ligament As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Distal radioulnar ligament group Articulationes manus Articulatio radiocarpalis Ligamentum radiocarpale dorsale Joints of hand Radiocarpal joint Dorsal radiocarpal ligament Joints of hand Radiocarpal joint Dorsal radiocarpal ligament The three glenohumeral ligaments should be listed separately. Ligament of Brodie Wrist joint Dorsal radiotriquetral ligament Articulatio radiocarpalis translates to radiocarpal joint. Alternative term suggested by Quentin Fogg Ligamentum radiocarpale palmare Ligamentum radioscaphocapitatum Ligamentum radiolunatum longum Ligamentum radiolunatum brevis Palmar radiocarpal ligament Palmar radiocarpal ligament Radioscaphocapitate ligament Radioscaphocapitate ligament Long radiolunate ligament Long radiolunate ligament As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Palmar radiocarpal ligament group Short radiolunate ligament Short radiolunate ligament As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Palmar radiocarpal ligament group Ligamentum radioscapholunatum Radioscapholunate ligament Radioscapholunate ligament As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Palmar radiocarpal ligament group Ligamentum ulnocarpale dorsale Dorsal ulnocarpal ligament Dorsal ulnocarpal ligament Ligamentum ulnocarpale palmare Palmar ulnocarpal ligament Palmar ulnocarpal ligament Ligamentum ulnocapitatum Ligamentum ulnolunatum Ligamentum ulnotriquetrum Ligamentum ulnopisiforme Ligamentum collaterale carpi ulnare Ligamentum collaterale carpi radiale Articulationes intercarpales Articulationes carpi Articulatio mediocarpalis Ligamentum carpi radiatum Ligamenta intercarpalia dorsalia Ligamenum scaphotriquetrum dorsale Ligamenta intercarpalia palmaria Ulnocapitate ligament Ulnolunate ligament Ulnotriquetral ligament Ulnopisiform ligament Ulnar collateral ligament of wrist joint Radial collateral ligament of wrist joint Intercarpal joints Midcarpal joint Radiate carpal ligament Dorsal intercarpal ligaments Dorsal scaphotriquetral ligament Ulnocapitate ligament Ulnolunate ligament Ulnotriquetral ligament Ulnopisiform ligament Ulnar collateral ligament of wrist Ulnotriquetral ligament joint Radial collateral ligament of wrist joint Intercarpal joints Carpal joints Midcarpal joint Radiate carpal ligament Dorsal intercarpal ligaments Dorsal scaphotriquetral ligament Palmar intercarpal ligaments Palmar intercarpal ligaments Ligamentum scaphotrapeziotrapezoideum Ligamentum scaphocapitatum Ligamenum scaphotriquetrum Ligamentum triquetrocapitatum Ligamentum triquetrohamatum Ligamentum pisotriquetrum Ligamentum capitohamatum Ligamentum trapeziocapitatum Ligamentum lunotriquetrum Ligamenta intercarpalia interossea Ligamentum scapholunateum interosseum Ligamentum trapeziotrapezoideum interosseum Ligamentum capitohamatum interosseum Ligamentum trapeziocapitatum interosseum Ligamentum lunotriquetrum interosseum Scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal ligament Scaphocapitate ligament Scaphotriquetral ligament Triquetrocapitate ligament Triquetrohamate ligament Pisotriquetral ligament Capitohamate ligament Trapeziocapitate ligament Lunotriquetral ligament Interosseous intercarpal ligaments Scapholunate interosseous ligament Trapeziotrapezoidal interosseous ligament Scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal ligament Scaphocapitate ligament Scaphotriquetral ligament Triquetrocapitate ligament Triquetrohamate ligament Pisotriquetral ligament Capitohamate ligament Trapeziocapitate ligament Lunotriquetral ligament Interosseous intercarpal ligaments As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Palmar intercarpal ligament group Scapholunate interosseous ligament Trapeziotrapezoidal interosseous ligament As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Interosseous intercarpal ligament group Capitohamate interosseous ligament Trapeziocapitate interosseous ligament Lunotriquetral interosseous ligament Capitohamate interosseous ligament Trapeziocapitate interosseous ligament Lunotriquetral interosseous ligament As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Palmar intercarpal ligament group Radiocapitate ligament As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Palmar radiocarpal ligament group As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the (Palmar) Ulnocarpal ligament group As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the (Palmar) Ulnocarpal ligament group As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the (Palmar) Ulnocarpal ligament group As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the (Palmar) Ulnocarpal ligament group As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Dorsal intercarpal ligament group As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Palmar intercarpal ligament group As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Palmar intercarpal ligament group As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Palmar intercarpal ligament group As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Palmar intercarpal ligament group As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Palmar intercarpal ligament group As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Palmar intercarpal ligament group As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Palmar intercarpal ligament group As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Palmar intercarpal ligament group As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Palmar intercarpal ligament group As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Palmar intercarpal ligament group As suggested by Quentin Fogg, this is part of the Palmar intercarpal ligament group Articulatio ossis pisiformis Ligamentum pisohamatum Ligamentum pisometacarpale Canalis carpalis Canalis ulnaris Articulationes carpometacarpales Pisiform joint Pisohamate ligament Pisometacarpal ligament Carpal tunnel Ulnar canal Carpometacarpal joints Pisiform joint Pisohamate ligament Pisometacarpal ligament Carpal tunnel Ulnar canal Carpometacarpal joints Ligamenta carpometacarpalia dorsalia Ligamenta carpometacarpalia palmaria Articulatio carpometacarpalis pollicis Articulationes intermetacarpales Ligamenta metacarpalia dorsalia Dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments Palmar carpometacarpal ligaments Carpometacarpal joint of thumb Dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments Palmar carpometacarpal ligaments Carpometacarpal joint of thumb Intermetacarpal joints Dorsal metacarpal ligaments Intermetacarpal joints Dorsal metacarpal ligaments Ligamenta metacarpalia palmaria Palmar metacarpal ligaments Palmar metacarpal ligaments Ligamenta metacarpalia interossea Spatia interossea metacarpi Articulationes metacarpophalangeae Ligamenta collateralia Ligamenta palmaria Ligamentum metacarpale transverum profundum Articulationes interphalangeae manus Ligamenta collateralia Ligamenta palmaria Juncturae membri inferioris JUNCTURAE CINGULI PELVICI Syndesmoses cinguli pelvici Membrana obturatoria Canalis obturatorius Symphysis pubica Discus interpubicus Ligamentum pubicum superius Ligamentum pubicum inferius Cartilago triradiata Articulatio sacroiliaca Ligamentum sacroiliacum anterius Ligamentum sacroiliacum interosseum Ligamentum sacroiliacum posterius Ligamentum sacrotuberale Processus falciformis Ligamentum sacrospinale Interosseous metacarpal ligaments Interosseous metacarpal spaces Metacarpophalangeal joints Interosseous metacarpal ligaments Interosseous metacarpal spaces Metacarpophalangeal joints Collateral ligaments Palmar ligaments Deep transverse metacarpal ligament Interphalangeal joints of hand Collateral ligaments Palmar ligaments Deep transverse metacarpal ligament Interphalangeal joints of hand Collateral ligaments Palmar ligaments Joints of lower limb JOINTS OF PELVIC GIRDLE Syndesmoses of pelvic girdle Obturator membrane Obturator canal Pubic symphysis Interpubic disc Superior pubic ligament Inferior pubic ligament Triradiate cartilage Sacro-iliac joint Anterior sacro-iliac ligament Collateral ligaments Palmar ligaments Joints of lower limb JOINTS OF PELVIC GIRDLE Fibrocartilago interpubica Cartilago ypsiloformis Syndesmoses of pelvic girdle Obturator membrane Obturator canal Pubic symphysis Interpubic disc Superior pubic ligament Inferior pubic ligament Triradiate cartilage Sacroiliac joint Anterior sacroiliac ligament Interosseous sacro-iliac ligament Interosseous sacroiliac ligament Posterior sacro-iliac ligament Posterior sacroiliac ligament Sacrotuberous ligament Falciform process Sacrospinous ligament Sacrotuberous ligament Falciform process Sacrospinous ligament Ligament of Barkow Carpal canal Guyon's canal Canalis carpi translates to carpal canal, similar to canalis ulnaris below Interpubic fibrocartilage Arcuate pubic ligament Inferior pubic ligament is commonly referred to as the arcuate pubic ligament. The synchondrosis uniting the ilium, ischium, and pubis during growth. Foramen ischiadicum majus Foramen ischiadicum minus JUNCTURAE MEMBRI INFERIORIS LIBERI Syndesmosis tibiofibularis Greater sciatic foramen Lesser sciatic foramen JOINTS OF FREE LOWER LIMB Tibiofibular syndesmosis Greater sciatic foramen Lesser sciatic foramen JOINTS OF FREE LOWER LIMB Tibiofibular syndesmosis Greater ischiatic foramen Lesser ischiatic foramen Membrana interossea cruris Syndesmosis tibiofibularis inferior Ligamentum tibiofibulare anterius Ligamentum tibiofibulare posterius Ligamentum tibiofibulare transversum Articulationes membri inferioris liberi Articulatio coxae Zona orbicularis Ligamentum iliofemorale Interosseous membrane of leg Inferior tibiofibular joint Interosseous membrane of leg Inferior tibiofibular joint Middle tibiofibular joint Anterior tibiofibular ligament Anterior tibiofibular ligament Posterior tibiofibular ligament Posterior tibiofibular ligament Synovial joints of free lower limb Hip joint Zona orbicularis Iliofemoral ligament Transverse part Descending part Ischiofemoral ligament Pubofemoral ligament Acetabular labrum Transverse acetabular ligament Transverse part Descending part Ischiofemoral ligament Pubofemoral ligament Acetabular labrum Transverse acetabular ligament Ligament of head of femur Knee joint Patellofemoral joint Ligament of head of femur Knee joint Patellofemoral joint Meniscus lateralis Ligamentum meniscofemorale anterius Ligamentum meniscofemorale posterius Meniscus medialis Ligamentum transversum genus Lateral meniscus Anterior meniscofemoral ligament Posterior meniscofemoral ligament Medial meniscus Transverse ligament of knee Lateral meniscus Anterior meniscofemoral ligament Posterior meniscofemoral ligament Medial meniscus Transverse ligament of knee Ligamentum cruciatum anterius Ligamentum cruciatum posterius Anterior cruciate ligament Posterior cruciate ligament Anterior cruciate ligament Posterior cruciate ligament Plica synovialis infrapatellaris Plicae alares Ligamentum mucosum Ligamentum collaterale fibulare Ligamentum collaterale tibiale Ligamentum popliteum obliquum Infrapatellar synovial fold Alar folds Ligamentum mucosum Fibular collateral ligament Tibial collateral ligament Oblique popliteal ligament Infrapatellar synovial fold Alar folds Ligamentum mucosum Fibular collateral ligament Tibial collateral ligament Oblique popliteal ligament Articulatio coxofemoralis Articulatio femoropatellaris The tibiofibular syndesmosis has an intermediate (interosseous) component and an inferior component. This organization of joints is confusing. It would be better to list joints in proximodistal order. The inferior tibiofibular joint should be distinct from the superior and intermediate tibiofibular joints. Articulatio is used for synovial joints, while junctura is used for fibrous joints. Transverse tibiofibular ligament Transverse tibiofibular ligament Synovial joints of free lower limb Hip joint Zona orbicularis Iliofemoral ligament Pars transversa Pars descendens Ligamentum ischiofemorale Ligamentum pubofemorale Labrum acetabulare Ligamentum transversum acetabuli Ligamentum capitis femoris Articulatio genus Articulatio patellofemoralis Inferior tibiofibular joint Transverse tibiofibular ligament are transversely oriented fibers continuous with the posterior tibiofibular ligament (Woodburne and Burkel, Essentials of Human Anatomy, 1994). Y ligament of Bigelow; Ligament of Bertin Glenoid labrum of hip Ligamentum teres of femur This portion of the knee joint should be listed separately due to pathologies and trauma that affect this specific joint. Ligament of Humphry; Ligament of Humphrey Ligament of Wrisberg; Robert's ligament Transverse genicular ligament; Ligament of Weber Lateral collateral ligament Medial collateral ligament Ligament of Bourgery; Ligament of Winslow This ligament was described by George Murray Humphry (A treatise on the human skeleton including the joints. Cambridge. Macmillan, 1858) Ligamentum popliteum arcuatum Arcuate popliteal ligament Arcuate popliteal ligament Patellar ligament Patellar ligament Retinaculum patellae mediale Retinaculum patellae laterale Ligamentum meniscotibiale laterale Ligamentum meniscotibiale mediale Ligamentum patellofemorale Ligamentum femoropatellare mediale mediale Ligamentum meniscopatellare Ligamentum patellotibiale Ligamentum tibiopatellare Ligamentum popliteofibulare Ligamentum fabellofibulare Corpus adiposum infrapatellare Articulatio tibiofibularis superior Medial patellar retinaculum Lateral patellar retinaculum Lateral meniscotibial ligament Medial meniscotibial ligament Ligamentum capitis fibulae anterius Ligamentum capitis fibulae posterius Articulationes pedis Articulatio talocruralis Ligamentum collaterale mediale Ligamentum deltoideum Pars tibionavicularis Pars tibiocalcanea Pars tibiotalaris anterior Pars tibiotalaris posterior Ligamentum collaterale laterale Ligamentum talofibulare anterius Anterior ligament of fibular head Anterior ligament of fibular head Posterior ligament of fibular head Joints of foot Ankle joint Medial collateral ligament Tibionavicular part Tibiocalcaneal part Anterior tibiotalar part Posterior tibiotalar part Lateral collateral ligament Anterior talofibular ligament Posterior ligament of fibular head Ligamentum talofibulare posterius Ligamentum calcaneofibulare Articulatio subtalaris Articulatio talocalcanea Ligamentum talocalcaneum laterale Ligamentum talocalcaneum mediale Ligamentum talocalcaneum posterius Articulatio tarsi transversa Articulatio talocalcaneonavicularis Ligamentum calcaneonaviculare plantare Articulatio calcaneocuboidea Articulatio cuneonavicularis Articulationes intercuneiformes Posterior talofibular ligament Posterior talofibular ligament Oblique ligament of Walther Calcaneofibular ligament Subtalar joint Lateral talocalcaneal ligament Calcaneofibular ligament Subtalar joint Lateral talocalcaneal ligament Talocalcaneal joint Medial talocalcaneal ligament Medial talocalcaneal ligament Ligamentum patellae Tendo patellae Patellar tendon Infrapatellar portion of quadriceps tendon Patella is a sesamoid bone, and therefore exists within a tendon by definition. Medial patellar retinaculum Lateral patellar retinaculum Lateral meniscotibial ligament Lateral coronary ligament The coronary ligament is an important anchor of the meniscus to the tibia. Medial meniscotibial ligament Medial coronary ligament The coronary ligament is an important anchor of the meniscus to the tibia. Medial patellofemoral ligament Medial patellofemoral ligament Meniscopatellar ligament Patellotibial ligament Popliteofibular ligament Fabellofibular ligament Infrapatellar fat pad Superior tibiofibular joint Meniscopatellar ligament Patellotibial ligament Popliteofibular ligament Fabellofibular ligament Infrapatellar fat pad Superior tibiofibular joint Joints of foot Ankle joint Medial collateral ligament Tibionavicular part Tibiocalcaneal part Anterior tibiotalar part Posterior tibiotalar part Lateral collateral ligament Anterior talofibular ligament Fat pad of Hoffa There should be three (proximal and distal along with intermediate/interosseous membrane) tibiofibular joints listed, the intertmediate and inferior tibiofibular joints are juncturae or fibrous joints. Deltoid ligament Collaterale translates to collateral. Collaterale translates to collateral. Posterior talocalcaneal ligament Posterior talocalcaneal ligament Transverse tarsal joint Talocalcaneonavicular joint Transverse tarsal joint Talocalcaneonavicular joint Chopart's joint Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament Calcaneocuboid joint Cuneonavicular joint Intercuneiform joints Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament Calcaneocuboid joint Cuneonavicular joint Intercuneiform joints Spring ligament Repeated in plantar ligaments below. Ligamenta tarsi Ligamenta tarsi interossea Ligamentum talocalcaneum interosseum Ligamentum cuneocuboideum interosseum Ligamenta intercuneiformia interossea Ligamenta tarsi dorsalia Ligamentum talonaviculare Ligamenta intercuneiformia dorsalia Ligamentum cuneocuboideum dorsale Ligamentum cuboideonaviculare dorsale Ligamentum bifurcatum Ligamentum calcaneonaviculare Ligamentum calcaneocuboideum Tarsal ligaments Tarsal interosseous ligaments Talocalcaneal interosseous ligament Cuneocuboid interosseous ligament Intercuneiform interosseous ligaments Dorsal tarsal ligaments Talonavicular ligament Dorsal intercuneiform ligament Tarsal ligaments Tarsal interosseous ligaments Talocalcaneal interosseous ligament Cuneocuboid interosseous ligament Intercuneiform interosseous ligaments Dorsal tarsal ligaments Talonavicular ligament Dorsal intercuneiform ligament Dorsal cuneocuboid ligament Dorsal cuneocuboid ligament Dorsal cuboideonavicular ligament Bifurcate ligament Calcaneonavicular ligament Calcaneocuboid ligament Dorsal cuboideonavicular ligament Bifurcate ligament Calcaneonavicular ligament Calcaneocuboid ligament Ligamenta cuneonavicularia dorsalia Ligamentum calcaneocuboideum dorsale Ligamenta tarsi plantaria Ligamentum plantare longum Ligamentum calcaneocuboideum plantare Ligamentum calcaneonaviculare plantare Ligamenta cuneonavicularia plantaria Ligamentum cuboideonaviculare plantare Ligamenta intercuneiformia plantaria Ligamentum cuneocuboideum plantare Articulationes tarsometatarsales Ligamenta tarsometatarsalia dorsalia Ligamenta tarsometatarsalia plantaria Ligamenta cuneometatarsalia interossea Articulationes intermetatarsales Ligamenta metatarsalia interossea Ligamenta metatarsalia dorsalia Ligamenta metatarsalia plantaria Dorsal cuneonavicular ligaments Dorsal cuneonavicular ligaments Spatia interossea metatarsi Ligamentum intersesamoideum Cervical ligament Chopart's ligament Dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament Dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament Plantar tarsal ligaments Plantar tarsal ligaments Long plantar ligament Long plantar ligament Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament Short plantar ligament Plantar calcaneonavicular Plantar calcaneonavicular Spring ligament ligament ligament Plantar cuneonavicular ligaments Plantar cuneonavicular ligaments Repeated above Plantar cuboideonavicular Plantar cuboideonavicular ligaments ligaments Plantar intercuneiform ligaments Plantar intercuneiform ligaments Plantar cuneocuboid ligament Plantar cuneocuboid ligament Tarsometatarsal joints Tarsometatarsal joints Lisfranc's joint Dorsal tarsometatarsal ligaments Dorsal tarsometatarsal ligaments Plantar tarsometatarsal ligaments Plantar tarsometatarsal ligaments Cuneometatarsal interosseous ligaments Intermetatarsal joints Metatarsal interosseous ligaments Dorsal metatarsal ligaments Plantar metatarsal ligaments Cuneometatarsal interosseous Lisfranc's ligament (medial) ligaments Intermetatarsal joints Metatarsal interosseous ligaments Intermetatarsal spaces Intersesamoid ligament Intermetatarsal spaces Intersesamoid ligament Dorsal metatarsal ligaments Plantar metatarsal ligaments Metatarsal interosseous spaces The ligament uniting the two sesamoid bones of the hallux. Articulationes metatarsophalangeae Ligamenta collateralia Ligamenta plantaria Ligamentum metatarsale transversum profundum Articulationes interphalangeae pedis Ligamenta collateralia Ligamenta plantaria Systema musculare Musculus Caput Venter Origo Insertio Punctum fixum Punctum mobile Musculus fusiformis Musculus planus Musculus rectus Musculus triangularis Musculus quadratus Musculus biventer Musculus biceps Musculus triceps Musculus quadriceps Musculus unipennatus Musculus bipennatus Musculus multipennatus Musculus orbicularis Musculus cutaneus Musculus abductor Musculus adductor Musculus rotator Musculus flexor Musculus extensor Musculus pronator Musculus supinator Musculus opponens Musculus sphincter Musculus dilatator Compartimentum Fascia Fascia profunda Musculi Musculus semipennatus Musculus pennatus Metatarsophalangeal joints Metatarsophalangeal joints Collateral ligaments Plantar ligaments Deep transverse metatarsal ligament Interphalangeal joints of foot Collateral ligaments Plantar ligaments Deep transverse metatarsal ligament Interphalangeal joints of foot Collateral ligaments Plantar ligaments Muscular system Muscle Head Belly Origin Attachment Collateral ligaments Plantar ligaments Muscular system Muscle Head Belly Origin Attachment Fixed end Mobile end Fusiform muscle Flat muscle Straight muscle Triangular muscle Quadrate muscle Two-bellied muscle Two-headed muscle Three-headed muscle Four-headed muscle Unipennate muscle Bipennate muscle Multipennate muscle Orbicular muscle Cutaneous muscle Abductor muscle Adductor muscle Rotator muscle Flexor muscle Extensor muscle Pronator muscle Supinator muscle Opponens muscle Sphincter muscle Dilator muscle Compartment Fascia Deep fascia Fixed end Mobile end Fusiform muscle Flat muscle Straight muscle Triangular muscle Quadrate muscle Two-bellied muscle Two-headed muscle Three-headed muscle Four-headed muscle Unipennate muscle Bipennate muscle Multipennate muscle Orbicular muscle Cutaneous muscle Abductor muscle Adductor muscle Rotator muscle Flexor muscle Extensor muscle Pronator muscle Supinator muscle Opponens muscle Sphincter muscle Dilator muscle Compartment Fascia Deep fascia Muscles Insertion This should be the open-chain action; Sinaki, M., and S.W. Carmichael, Muscle innervations, attachments, and function, In: Basic Clinical Rehabilitation Medicine, 2nd Edition, M. Sinaki, ed., Mosby-Year Book Inc., St. Louis, pp. 66-84, 1993. Semipennate muscle Pennate muscle Herlin et al., 2015 Three-dimensional study of the skin/subcutaneous complex using in vivo whole body 3T MRI: review of the literature and confirmation of a generic pattern of organization. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 37:731-41. Fascia investiens Investing fascia Investing fascia Fascia investiens profunda Deep investing fascia Deep investing fascia Fasciae investientes intermediae Intermediate investing fascia Intermediate investing fascia Fascia investiens superficialis Superficial investing fascia Superficial investing fascia Textus connectivus laxus Fascia capitis et cervicis Fascia trunci Fascia parietalis Fascia extraserosalis Fascia visceralis Fasciae membrorum Epimysium Loose connective tissue Fascia of head and neck Fascia of trunk Parietal fascia Extraserosal fascia Visceral fascia Fascia of limbs Epimysium Loose connective tissue Fascia of head and neck Fascia of trunk Parietal fascia Extraserosal fascia Visceral fascia Fascia of limbs Epimysium Perimysium Endomysium Tendo Tendo intermedius Intersectio tendinea Aponeurosis Arcus tendineus Trochlea muscularis Bursa synovialis Vagina synovialis Musculi capitis Musculi externi bulbi oculi Musculi ossa auditiva Musculi faciei Musculus epicranius Musculus occipitofrontalis Venter frontalis Venter occipitalis Musculus temporoparietalis Galea aponeurotica Musculus procerus Musculus nasalis Pars transversa Pars alaris Musculus depressor septi nasi Musculus orbicularis oculi Pars palpebralis Fasciculus ciliaris Pars profunda Fasciae musculorum; Fascia propria musculi Perimysium Endomysium Tendon Intermediate tendon Tendinous intersection Aponeurosis Tendinous arch Muscular trochlea Synovial bursa Synovial sheath Muscles of head Extra-ocular muscles Musculi ossiculorum auditus Muscles of auditory ossicles Facial muscles Epicranius muscle Occipitofrontalis muscle Frontal belly Occipital belly Temporoparietalis muscle Aponeurosis epicranialis Epicranial aponeurosis Procerus muscle Nasalis muscle Transverse part Alar part Depressor septi nasi muscle Orbicularis oculi Palpebral part Ciliary bundle Deep part Perimysium Endomysium Tendon Intermediate tendon Tendinous intersection Aponeurosis Tendinous arch Muscular trochlea Synovial bursa Synovial sheath Muscles of head Extraocular muscles Muscles of auditory ossicles Facial muscles Epicranius muscle Occipitofrontalis muscle Frontal belly Occipital belly Temporoparietalis muscle Epicranial aponeurosis Procerus muscle Nasalis muscle Transverse part Alar part Depressor septi nasi muscle Orbicularis oculi Palpebral part Ciliary bundle Deep part Herlin et al., 2015 Three-dimensional study of the skin/subcutaneous complex using in vivo whole body 3T MRI: review of the literature and confirmation of a generic pattern of organization. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 37:731-41. Herlin et al., 2015 Three-dimensional study of the skin/subcutaneous complex using in vivo whole body 3T MRI: review of the literature and confirmation of a generic pattern of organization. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 37:731-41. Herlin et al., 2015 Three-dimensional study of the skin/subcutaneous complex using in vivo whole body 3T MRI: review of the literature and confirmation of a generic pattern of organization. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 37:731-41. Herlin et al., 2015 Three-dimensional study of the skin/subcutaneous complex using in vivo whole body 3T MRI: review of the literature and confirmation of a generic pattern of organization. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 37:731-41. Fascia of muscles; Fascia of individual muscle; Muscle sheath Tendinous inscription Santorini's muscle Compressor naris muscle Dilatator naris muscle Horner's muscle? (pars lacrimalis?) Muscle of Riolan Horner's muscle Pars orbitalis Musculus corrugator supercilii Orbital part Corrugator supercilii muscle Orbital part Corrugator supercilii muscle Musculus depressor supercilii Musculus auricularis anterior Musculus auricularis superior Musculus auricularis posterior Musculus orbicularis oris Pars marginalis Pars labialis Musculus depressor anguli oris Musculus transversus menti Musculus risorius Depressor supercilii muscle Auricularis anterior muscle Auricularis superior muscle Auricularis posterior muscle Orbicularis oris muscle Marginal part Labial part Depressor anguli oris muscle Transversus menti muscle Risorius muscle Depressor supercilii muscle Auricularis anterior muscle Auricularis superior muscle Auricularis posterior muscle Orbicularis oris muscle Marginal part Labial part Depressor anguli oris muscle Transversus menti muscle Risorius muscle Musculus zygomaticus major Musculus zygomaticus minor Musculus levator labii superioris Zygomaticus major muscle Zygomaticus minor muscle Levator labii superioris muscle Zygomaticus major muscle Zygomaticus minor muscle Levator labii superioris muscle Musculus levator labii superioris alaeque nasi Musculus depressor labii inferioris Musculus levator anguli oris Modiolus anguli oris Musculus buccinator Musculus mentalis Musculus platysma Musculi masticatorii Musculus masseter Pars superficialis Pars profunda Musculus temporalis Musculus pterygoideus lateralis Caput superius Caput inferius (Musculus pterygoideus proprius) Levator labii superioris alaeque Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle nasi muscle Depressor labii inferioris muscle Depressor labii inferioris muscle Quadratus labii inferioris muscle; Muscle of Aeby Levator anguli oris muscle Levator anguli oris muscle Caninus muscle Modiolus Modiolus Buccinator muscle Buccinator muscle Mentalis muscle Mentalis muscle Platysma muscle Platysma muscle Masticatory muscles Masticatory muscles Masseter muscle Masseter muscle Superficial part Superficial part Deep part Deep part Temporalis muscle Temporalis muscle Temporal muscle Lateral pterygoid muscle Lateral pterygoid muscle Superior head Superior head Upper head Inferior head Inferior head Lower head (Pterygoideus proprius muscle) (Pterygoideus proprius muscle) Musculus pterygoideus medialis Fascia buccopharyngea Fascia masseterica Fascia parotidea Fascia temporalis Lamina superficialis Lamina profunda Fascia capitis Musculi linguae Musculi palati mollis et faucium Musculi cervicis Musculi colli Musculus platysma Platysma Musculus longus cervicis Musculus longus colli Medial pterygoid muscle Buccopharyngeal fascia Masseteric fascia Parotid fascia Temporal fascia Superficial layer Deep layer Fascia of head Muscles of tongue Muscles of soft palate and fauces Muscles of neck Platysma muscle Longus cervicis muscle Medial pterygoid muscle Buccopharyngeal fascia Masseteric fascia Parotid fascia Temporal fascia Superficial layer Deep layer Fascia of head Muscles of tongue Muscles of soft palate and fauces Muscles of neck Platysma muscle Longus cervicis muscle Muscle of Koyter; Koyter's muscle Triangularis muscle Muscle of Albinus; Santorini's muscle Because this extends onto the face, should this also be listed with facial muscles? K. Akita et al., Aberrant muscle between the temporalis and the lateral pterygoid muscles: M. pterygoideus proprius (Henle) Clinical Anatomy 14 (4) 237–303. Shouldn't the muscles of the tongue be listed here? Shouldn't these muscles be listed here? Platysma should be called muscle. Longus colli muscle Musculus longus capitis Musculus scalenus anterior Musculus scalenus medius Musculus scalenus posterior Longus capitis muscle Scalenus anterior muscle Scalenus medius muscle Scalenus posterior muscle Longus capitis muscle Scalenus anterior muscle Scalenus medius muscle Scalenus posterior muscle (Musculus scalenus minimus) Musculus sternocleidomastoideus (Scalenus minimus muscle) Sternocleidomastoid muscle (Scalenus minimus muscle) Sternocleidomastoid muscle Caput sternale Caput claviculare Musculi suboccipitales Musculus rectus capitis anterior Musculus rectus capitis lateralis Musculus rectus capitis posterior major Musculus rectus capitis posterior minor Musculus obliquus capitis superior Musculus obliquus capitis inferior Musculi suprahyoidei Musculus digastricus Venter anterior Venter posterior Musculus stylohyoideus Musculus mylohyoideus Musculus geniohyoideus Musculi infrahyoidei Musculus sternohyoideus Musculus omohyoideus Venter superior Venter inferior Musculus sternothyroideus Musculus thyrohyoideus (Musculus levator glandulae thyroideae) Fascia cervicalis profunda Fascia colli profunda Sternal head Clavicular head Suboccipital muscles Rectus capitis anterior muscle Rectus capitis lateralis muscle Rectus capitis posterior major muscle Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle Obliquus capitis superior muscle Sternal head Clavicular head Suboccipital muscles Rectus capitis anterior muscle Rectus capitis lateralis muscle Rectus capitis posterior major muscle Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle Obliquus capitis superior muscle Suprahyoid muscles Digastric muscle Anterior belly Posterior belly Stylohyoid muscle Mylohyoid muscle Geniohyoid muscle Infrahyoid muscles Sternohyoid muscle Omohyoid muscle Superior belly Inferior belly Sternothyroid muscle Thyrohyoid muscle (Levator glandulae thyroideae muscle) Deep cervical fascia Suprahyoid muscles Digastric muscle Anterior belly Posterior belly Stylohyoid muscle Mylohyoid muscle Geniohyoid muscle Infrahyoid muscles Sternohyoid muscle Omohyoid muscle Superior belly Inferior belly Sternothyroid muscle Thyrohyoid muscle (Levator glandulae thyroideae muscle) Deep cervical fascia Lamina superficialis Spatium suprasternale Fascia visceralis Fascia pretrachealis Fascia buccopharyngea Superficial layer Suprasternal space Visceral fascia Pretracheal fascia Buccopharyngeal fascia Superficial layer Suprasternal space Visceral fascia Pretracheal fascia Buccopharyngeal fascia Investing layer Space of Burns Ligamentum suspensorium glandulae throideae Fascia prevertebralis Fascia alaris Suspensory ligament of thyroid gland Prevertebral fascia Alar fascia Suspensory ligament of thyroid gland Prevertebral fascia Alar fascia Berry's ligament Anterior scalene muscle Middle scalene muscle Posterior scalene muscle; Sibson's muscle The two heads of sternocleidomastoid muscle should be listed. The two heads of sternocleidomastoid muscle should be listed. Obliquus capitis inferior muscle Obliquus capitis inferior muscle Strap muscles Herlin et al., 2015 Three-dimensional study of the skin/subcutaneous complex using in vivo whole body 3T MRI: review of the literature and confirmation of a generic pattern of organization. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 37:731-41. Visceral fascia consists of an anterior pretracheal layer and a posterior buccopharyngeal layer. This fascia appears in the category Muscles of head, but it extends into the neck and is the posterior layer of the visceral fascia. Alar fascia is a delamination of the prevertebral fascia that swings forward to attach to the buccopharyngeal fascia at the C7 vertebral level, approximately. Fascia scalena Scalene fascia Scalene fascia Vagina carotica Musculi pharynges Musculi larynges Musculi dorsi Musculus trapezius Pars descendens Pars transversa Pars ascendens (Musculus transversus nuchae) Musculus latissimus dorsi Aponeurosis thoracolumbalis Carotid sheath Pharyngeal muscles Laryngeal muscles Muscles of back Trapezius muscle Descending part Transverse part Ascending part (Transversus nuchae muscle) Latissimus dorsi muscle Thoracolumbar aponeurosis Carotid sheath Pharyngeal muscles Laryngeal muscles Muscles of back Trapezius muscle Descending part Transverse part Ascending part (Transversus nuchae muscle) Latissimus dorsi muscle Thoracolumbar aponeurosis Musculus rhomboideus major Musculus rhombiodeus minor Musculus levator scapulae Musculus serratus posterior inferior Musculus serratus posterior superior Musculi intertransversarii anteriores cervicis Musculi intertransversarii posteriors laterales cervicis Musculi intertransversarii laterales lumborum Partes dorsales Partes ventrales Fascia nuchae Musculi dorsi proprii Musculus erector spinae Aponeurosis musculus erectoris spinae Septum intermusculare Musculus iliocostalis Musculus iliocostalis lumborum Pars lumbalis Rhomboid major muscle Rhomboid minor muscle Levator scapulae muscle Serratus posterior inferior muscle Serratus posterior superior muscle Anterior cervical intertransversarii muscles Lateral posterior cervical intertransversarii muscles Intertransversarii laterales lumborum muscles Dorsal parts Ventral parts Nuchal fascia Muscles of back proper Erector spinae muscle Erector spinae aponeurosis Rhomboid major muscle Rhomboid minor muscle Levator scapulae muscle Serratus posterior inferior muscle Anterior cervical intertransversarii muscles Lateral posterior cervical intertransversarii muscles Intertransversarii laterales lumborum muscles Dorsal parts Ventral parts Nuchal fascia Muscles of back proper Erector spinae muscle Erector spinae aponeurosis Intermuscular septum Iliocostalis muscle Iliocostalis lumborum muscle Lumbar part Intermuscular septum Iliocostalis muscle Iliocostalis lumborum muscle Lumbar part Thoracic part Iliocostalis cervicis muscle Longissimus muscle Longissimus thoracis muscle Divisio medialis m. erectoris Lumbar part spinae lumborum Musculus longissimus colli Longissimus cervicis muscle Longissimus capitis muscle Spinalis muscle Spinalis thoracis muscle Musculus spinalis colli Spinalis cervicis muscle Spinalis capitis muscle Thoracic part Iliocostalis cervicis muscle Longissimus muscle Longissimus thoracis muscle Lumbar part Pars thoracica Musculus iliocostalis cervicis Musculus longissimus Musculus longissimus thoracis Pars lumbalis Musculus longissimus cervicis Musculus longissimus capitis Musculus spinalis Musculus spinalis thoracis Musculus spinalis cervicis Musculus spinalis capitis Musculi intertransversarii anteriores colli Musculi intertransversarii posteriores laterales colli Divisio lateralis m. erectoris spinae lumborum Musculus iliocostalis colli Sibson's fascia Superior part Middle part Inferior part The thoracolumbar aponeurosis should be named, either here or with the thoracolumbar fascia, A04.3.02.501. Serratus posterior superior muscle Longissimus cervicis muscle Longissimus capitis muscle Spinalis muscle Spinalis thoracis muscle Spinalis cervicis muscle Spinalis capitis muscle Scalene fascia is lower anterior prevertebral fascia that helps to form carotid sheath, axillary sheath, and the suprapleural membrane or cupula. Sacrospinalis muscle Lateral division of lumbar erector spinae Medial division of lumbar erector spinae Musculi spinotransversales Musculus splenius Musculus splenius capitis Musculus splenius cervicis Musculi transversospinales Musculi multifidi Musculus multifidus lumborum Musculus multifidus thoracis Musculus multifidus cervicis Musculus semispinalis Musculus semispinalis thoracis Musculus semispinalis cervicis Musculus semispinalis capitis Musculi rotatores Musculi rotatores longi Musculi rotatores breves (Musculi rotatores lumborum) Musculi rotatores thoracis Musculi rotatores cervicis Musculus splenius colli Musculus multifidus colli Musculus semispinalis colli Musculi rotatores colli Musculi interspinales Musculi interspinales lumborum Musculi interspinales thoracis Musculi interspinales cervicis Musculi intertransversarii Musculi intertransversarii mediales lumborum Musculi intertransversarii thoracis Musculi intertransversarii posteriores mediales cervicis Fascia thoracolumbalis Aponeurosis thoracolumbalis Lamina posterior Lamina media Lamina anterior Musculi thoracis (Musculus sternalis) Musculus pectoralis major Pars clavicularis Pars sternocostalis (Pars abdominalis) Musculus pectoralis minor Musculus subclavius Musculus serratus anterior Musculi levatores costarum Musculi levatores costarum longi Spinotransversales muscles Splenius muscle Splenius capitis muscle Splenius cervicis muscle Transversospinal muscles Multifidus muscle Multifidus lumborum muscle Multifidus thoracis muscle Multifidus cervicis muscle Semispinalis muscle Semispinalis thoracis muscle Semispinalis cervicis muscle Semispinalis capitis muscle Rotatores muscles Long rotatores muscles Short rotatores muscles (Rotatores lumborum muscles) Rotatores thoracis muscles Rotatores cervicis muscles Spinotransversales muscles Splenius muscle Splenius capitis muscle Splenius cervicis muscle Transversospinal muscles Multifidus muscle Multifidus lumborum muscle Multifidus thoracis muscle Multifidus cervicis muscle Semispinalis muscle Semispinalis thoracis muscle Semispinalis cervicis muscle Semispinalis capitis muscle Rotatores muscles Long rotatores muscles Short rotatores muscles (Rotatores lumborum muscles) Rotatores thoracis muscles Rotatores cervicis muscles Musculus splenius colli Transversospinales muscles ultifidus colli muscle Long rotator muscles; the rotatores are usually described as long and short. Short rotator muscles; the rotatores are usually described as long and short. Musculi rotatores colli; The cervical rotatores muscles are not constant. Should these be in parentheses? Interspinales muscles Interspinales muscles Interspinales lumborum muscles Interspinales lumborum muscles Musculi interspinales colli Musculi intertransversarii posteriores mediales colli Lamina superficialis Lamina profunda; Fascia musculi quadrati lumborum Interspinales thoracis muscles Interspinales cervicis muscles Intertransversarii muscles Medial lumbar intertransversarii muscles Thoracic intertransversarii muscles Medial posterior cervical intertransversarii muscles Thoracolumbar fascia Thoracolumbar aponeurosis Posterior layer Middle layer Anterior layer Interspinales thoracis muscles Interspinales cervicis muscles Intertransversarii muscles Medial lumbar intertransversarii muscles Thoracic intertransversarii muscles Medial posterior cervical intertransversarii muscles Thoracolumbar fascia Thoracolumbar aponeurosis Posterior layer Middle layer Anterior layer Muscles of thorax (Sternalis muscle) Pectoralis major muscle Clavicular head Sternocostal head (Abdominal part) Pectoralis minor muscle Subclavius muscle Serratus anterior muscle Levatores costarum muscles Levatores costarum longi muscles Muscles of thorax (Sternalis muscle) Pectoralis major muscle Clavicular head Sternocostal head (Abdominal part) Pectoralis minor muscle Subclavius muscle Serratus anterior muscle Boxer's muscle Levatores costarum muscles Levatores costarum longi muscles Lumbodorsal fascia This may be combined with posterior lamina. Superficial layer Intermediate layer Deep layer; Quadratus lumborum fascia Abdominal part should be in parentheses because it doesn't always appear. Musculi levatores costarum breves Musculi intercostales externi Membrana intercostalis externa Musculi intercostales interni Membrana intercostalis interna Musculi intercostales intimi Musculi subcostales Musculus transversus thoracis Fascia pectoralis Fascia clavipectoralis Ligamentum costocoracoideum Membrana costocoracoidea Ligamentum suspensorium axillae Fascia thoracica Fascia endothoracica Diaphragma respiratorium Levatores costarum breve muscles External intercostal muscles External intercostal membrane Internal intercostal muscles Internal intercostal membrane Innermost intercostal muscles Subcostal muscles Transversus thoracis muscle Pectoral fascia Clavipectoral fascia Costocoracoid ligament Costocoracoid membrane Suspensory ligament of axilla Levatores costarum breve muscles External intercostal muscles External intercostal membrane Internal intercostal muscles Internal intercostal membrane Innermost intercostal muscles Subcostal muscles Transversus thoracis muscle Pectoral fascia Clavipectoral fascia Costocoracoid ligament Costocoracoid membrane Suspensory ligament of axilla Thoracic fascia Endothoracic fascia Respiratory diaphragm Thoracic fascia Endothoracic fascia Respiratory diaphragm Pars lumbalis diaphragmatis Crus dextrum Crus sinistrum Ligamentum arcuatum medianum Lumbar part Right crus Left crus Median arcuate ligament Lumbar part Right crus Left crus Median arcuate ligament Ligamentum arcuatum mediale Ligamentum arcuatum laterale Pars costalis diaphragmatis Pars sternalis diaphragmatis Hiatus aorticus Hiatus oesophageus Ligamentum phrenicooesophageale Centrum tendineum Foramen venae cavae Hiatus splanchnicus diaphragmatis Trigonum sternocostale Trigonum lumbocostale Medial arcuate ligament Lateral arcuate ligament Costal part Sternal part Aortic hiatus Oesophageal hiatus Phrenico-oesophageal ligament Medial arcuate ligament Lateral arcuate ligament Costal part Sternal part Aortic hiatus Esophageal hiatus Phrenicoesophageal ligament Central tendon Caval foramen Hiatus for thoracic splanchnic nerves Sternocostal triangle Lumbocostal triangle Central tendon Caval foramen Hiatus for thoracic splanchnic nerves Sternocostal triangle Lumbocostal triangle Fascia diaphragmatica Musculi abdominis et pelvis Diaphragmatic fascia Diaphragmatic fascia Muscles of abdomen and pelvis Muscles of abdomen and pelvis Musculus rectus abdominis Intersectiones tendineae Vagina musculi recti abdominis Lamina anterior Lamina posterior Linea arcuata Rectus abdominis muscle Tendinous intersections Rectus sheath Anterior layer Posterior layer Arcuate line Fascia parietalis thoracis Diaphragma thoracoabdominale Rectus abdominis muscle Tendinous intersections Rectus sheath Anterior layer Posterior layer Arcuate line Musculi translates to muscles. Musculi translates to muscles. Musculi translates to muscles. Subcostales The named parts of the clavipectoral fascia should be listed. Campbell's ligament; Gerdy's ligament Parietal fascia of thorax Thoarcoabdominal diaphragm This is part of the clavipectoral fascia, so it should be listed under this fascia as well as with the category Axillary fascia. To distinguish this from pelvic diaphragm, Respiratory or thoracoabdominal diaphragm should be used; thoracica might be better. Haller's arch Lumbocostal arch; Haller's arch Oesophageal hiatus Phrenico-esophageal ligament; Phrenicooesophageal ligament Caval opening Foramen venae cave translates to Vena caval foramen, or shortened to Caval foramen. Gest, T. and S. Hildebrandt: The pattern of the thoracic splanchnic nerves as they pass through the diaphragm. Clinical Anatomy 2009 22:809-814. Triangle of Morgagni Bochdalek's gap; Bochdalek's triangle This category contains muscles of the pelvis as well as those of the abdomen. PN: Use of conjunction should be discouraged. A better option is dividing the subchapter: Musculi abdominis – to include sections A04.5.01 and A04.5.02. Musculi pelvis – to include sections A04.5.03, A04.5.04 and A04.5. Tendinous inscriptions Linea semicircularis; Semicircular line of Douglas Musculus pyramidalis Musculus obliquus externus abdominis Ligamentum inguinale Pyramidalis muscle External abdominal oblique muscle Inguinal ligament Pyramidalis muscle External abdominal oblique muscle Inguinal ligament Lacunar ligament Pectineal ligament Reflected inguinal ligament Superficial inguinal ring Medial crus Lateral crus Intercrural fibres Internal abdominal oblique muscle Cremaster muscle Transversus abdominis muscle Lacunar ligament Pectineal ligament Reflected inguinal ligament Superficial inguinal ring Medial crus Lateral crus Intercrural fibers Internal abdominal oblique muscle Cremaster muscle Transversus abdominis muscle Inguinal falx Deep inguinal ring Inguinal falx Deep inguinal ring Linea alba Umbilical ring Posterior attachment of linea alba Linea semilunaris Linea alba Umbilical ring Posterior attachment of linea alba Semilunar line Canalis inguinalis Musculus quadratus lumborum Fascia abdominis Fascia abdominis visceralis Fascia propria organi Fascia extraperitonealis Ligamentum extraperitoneale Fascia endoabdominalis Fascia propria organi Fascia iliopsoas Pars psoatica Pars iliaca Arcus iliopectineus Fascia transversalis Ligamentum interfoveolare Tractus iliopubicus Fascia umbilicalis Anulus inguinalis profundus Inguinal canal Quadratus lumborum muscle Abdominal fascia Visceral abdominal fascia Fascia of individual organ Extraperitoneal fascia Extraperitoneal ligament Endo-abdominal fascia Fascia of individual organ Iliopsoas fascia Psoas fascia Iliac fascia Iliopectineal arch Transversalis fascia Interfoveolar ligament Iliopubic tract Umbilical fascia Deep inguinal ring Inguinal canal Quadratus lumborum muscle Abdominal fascia Visceral abdominal fascia Fascia of individual organ Extraperitoneal fascia Extraperitoneal ligament Endoabdominal fascia Fascia of individual organ Iliopsoas fascia Psoas fascia Iliac fascia Iliopectineal arch Transversalis fascia Interfoveolar ligament Iliopubic tract Umbilical fascia Deep inguinal ring Investing abdominal fascia Deep investing fascia Intermediate investing fascia Superficial investing fascia Investing abdominal fascia Deep investing fascia Intermediate investing fascia Superficial investing fascia Arcus inguinalis Ligamentum lacunare Ligamentum pectineum Ligamentum inguinale reflexum Anulus inguinalis superficialis Crus mediale Crus laterale Fibrae intercrurales Musculus obliquus internus abdominis Musculus cremaster Musculus transversus abdominis Falx inguinalis Anulus inguinalis profundus Tendo conjunctivus Linea alba Anulus umbilicalis Adminiculum lineae albae Fascia investiens abdominis Fascia investiens profunda Fasciae investientes intermediae Fascia investiens superficialis Fascia abdominis parietalis Semilunar line External oblique muscle Abdominis translates to Abdominal (see Rectus abdominis and Transversus abdominis). Poupart's ligament; Lateral ligament of Vesalius; Vesalius' ligament; Fallopian ligament Gimbernat's ligament Cooper's ligament Colles' ligament This is the reflected portion of the inguinal ligament. Internal oblique muscle Abdominis translates to Abdominal. Transverse abdominal muscle Transversus abdominis muscle is similar to Rectus abdominis muscle in terminology. Conjoint tendon Some consider these to be closely related but separate items. This should be moved from this location. The deep inguinal ring is a feature of the transversalis fascia (A04.5.02.011), not transversus abdominis muscle. van den Spieghel's line; Spighel's line Linea semilunaris is often referred to as the semilunar line. Parietal abdominal fascia This is repeated above. Abernethy's fascia Iliopectineal ligament Hesselbach's ligament The deep inguinal ring is a feature of the transversalis fascia (A04.5.02.011), not transversus abdominis muscle. Gallaudet's fascia Ligamentum suspensorium clitoridis ♀ Ligamentum suspensorium penis ♂ Textus connectivuc laxus Fascia superficialis abdominis Tela subcutanea Suspensory ligament of clitoris Suspensory ligament of clitoris ♀ ♀ Suspensory ligament of penis ♂ Suspensory ligament of penis ♂ Loose connective tissue Superficial fascia of abdomen Loose connective tissue Superficial fascia of abdomen Stratum adiposum superficialis Panniculus adiposus Stratum membranosum Stratum adiposum profundus Ligamentum fundiforme clitoridis ♀ Ligamentum fundiforme penis ♂ Superficial fatty layer Membranous layer Deep fatty layer Fundiform ligament of clitoris ♀ Superficial fatty layer Camper's fascia Membranous layer Scarpa's fascia Deep fatty layer Fundiform ligament of clitoris ♀ Fundiform ligament of penis ♂ Fundiform ligament of penis ♂ Fascia pelvis; Fascia pelvica Fascia pelvis visceralis Fascia propria organi Pelvic fascia Visceral pelvic fascia Fascia of individual organ Pelvic fascia Visceral pelvic fascia Fascia of individual organ Septum rectovesicale ♂ Fascia rectoprostatica ♂ Rectovesical septum ♂ Rectovesical septum ♂ Septum rectovaginale ♀ Fascia extraperitonealis Ligamentum extraperitoneale Fascia endopelvina Fascia propria organi Fascia obturatoria Arcus tendineus levatoris ani Fascia rectovaginalis ♀ Rectovaginal septum ♀ Extraperitoneal fascia Extraperitoneal ligament Endopelvic fascia Fascia of individual organ Obturator fascia Arcus tendineus levator ani Rectovaginal septum ♀ Extraperitoneal fascia Extraperitoneal ligament Endopelvic fascia Fascia of individual organ Obturator fascia Arcus tendineus levator ani Pudendal canal Piriformis fascia Superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm Tendinous arch of pelvic fascia Pudendal canal Piriformis fascia Superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm Tendinous arch of pelvic fascia Fascia pelvis parietalis Canalis pudendalis Fascia musculi piriformis Fascia superior diaphragmatis pelvis Arcus tendineus fasciae pelvis Ligamentum mediale puboprostaticum ♂ Ligamentum mediale pubovesicale ♀ Musculus pubovesicalis Ligamentum laterale puboprostaticum ♂ Ligamentum laterale pubovesicale ♀ Ligamentum laterale vesicae Musculus rectovesicalis Fascia presacralis Fascia rectosacralis Fascia inferior diaphragmatis pelvis Diaphragma pelvis Ligamentum pubovesicale Subcutaneous tissue Superficial fascia has variable amounts of fatty and membranous components in all regions of the body. Herlin et al., 2015 Three-dimensional study of the skin/subcutaneous complex using in vivo whole body 3T MRI: review of the literature and confirmation of a generic pattern of organization. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 37:731-41. Denonvilliers' fascia; Tyrrel's fascia Rectoprostatic fascia; Denonvilliers' fascia Rectovaginal fascia Parietal pelvic fascia Tendinous arch of levator ani muscle Alcock's canal This should be added beneath Obturator fascia, which makes it. Pudendal canal is made of obturator fascia. Denonvilliers' fascia This is a thickening of the superior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm and should be placed beneath this fascia, not with the obturator fascia. Medial puboprostatic ligament ♂ Medial puboprostatic ligament ♂ Pubovesical ligament Medial pubovesical ligament ♀ Medial pubovesical ligament ♀ Pubovesicalis muscle Pubovesicalis muscle Ligamentum puboprostaticum Lateral puboprostatic ligament ♂ Lateral puboprostatic ligament ♂ Puboprostatic ligament; Denonvilliers' ligament Lateral pubovesical ligament ♀ Lateral pubovesical ligament ♀ Lateral ligament of bladder Rectovesical muscle Presacral fascia Rectosacral fascia Inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm Pelvic diaphragm Lateral ligament of bladder Rectovesical muscle Presacral fascia Rectosacral fascia Inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm Pelvic diaphragm Waldeyer's fascia Pelvic floor Diaphragma pelvis translates to pelvic diaphragm. Fascia superior diaphragmatis pelvis Fascia inferior diaphragmatis pelvis Musculus levator ani Musculus pubococcygeus Musculus puboperinealis Musculus puboprostaticus ♂ Musculus levator prostatae Musculus pubovaginalis ♀ Musculus puboanalis Musculus iliococcygeus Arcus tendineus musculi levatoris ani Hiatus urogenitalis Musculus coccygeus Musculus ischiococcygeus Musculus sphincter ani externus Pars subcutanea Pars superficialis Pars profunda Ligamentum anococcygeum Corpus anococcygeum Superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm Inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm Levator ani muscle Pubococcygeus muscle Puboperinealis muscle Puboprostaticus muscle ♂ Pubovaginalis muscle ♀ Pubo-analis muscle Iliococcygeus muscle Tendinous arch of levator ani Superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm Inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm Levator ani muscle Pubococcygeus muscle Puboperinealis muscle Puboprostaticus muscle ♂ Pubovaginalis muscle ♀ Puboanalis muscle Iliococcygeus muscle Tendinous arch of levator ani This is listed above with Pelvic fascia. Urogenital hiatus Coccygeus muscle External anal sphincter muscle Subcutaneous part Superficial part Deep part Anococcygeal ligament Urogenital hiatus Coccygeus muscle External anal sphincter muscle Subcutaneous part Superficial part Deep part Anococcygeal ligament Tendo musculi pubococcygei Raphe musculi iliococcygei Insertio parties superficialis musculi spincteris ani externi Musculi membri superioris Compartimenta Compartimentum brachii anterius Compartimentum brachii flexorum Compartimentum brachii Compartimentum brachii posterius extensorum Compartimentum antebrachii Compartimentum antebrachii anterius flexorum Pars superficialis Pars profunda Compartimentum antebrachii Compartimentum antebrachii posterius extensorum Pars lateralis Pars radialis Musculi Musculus deltoideus Pars clavicularis Pars acromialis Pars spinalis scapularis Musculus supraspinatus Fascia supraspinata Musculus infraspinatus Fascia infraspinata Musculus teres minor Musculus teres major Musculus subscapularis Musculus biceps brachii Pubococcygeal tendon Iliococcygeal raphe Attachment of superficial external anal sphincter muscle Muscles of upper limb Compartments Anterior compartment of arm Pubococcygeal tendon Iliococcygeal raphe Attachment of superficial external anal sphincter muscle Muscles of upper limb Compartments Anterior compartment of arm Flexor compartment of arm Posterior compartment of arm Posterior compartment of arm Anterior compartment of forearm Superficial part Deep part Posterior compartment of forearm Lateral part Muscles Deltoid muscle Clavicular part Acromial part Scapular spinal part Supraspinatus muscle Supraspinous fascia Infraspinatus muscle Infraspinous fascia Teres minor muscle Teres major muscle Subscapularis muscle Biceps brachii muscle Anterior compartment of forearm Flexor compartment of forearm Waldeyer's fascia This is listed above with Pelvic fascia. Levator prostatae muscle Puborectalis muscle Puboanalis is preferred over puborectalis. Arcus tendineus levator ani Arcus tendineus levator ani is a constant feature and should not be in parentheses. Ischiococcygeus muscle Anococcygeal body; Levator plate Extensor compartment of arm Superficial part Deep part Parona's space Posterior compartment of forearm Extensor compartment of forearm Lateral part Muscles Deltoid muscle Clavicular part Acromial part Scapular spinal part Supraspinatus muscle Supraspinous fascia Infraspinatus muscle Infraspinous fascia Teres minor muscle Teres major muscle Subscapularis muscle Biceps brachii muscle Radial part This should be scapular spinal part - please check Latin. Supraspinous or supraspinatus? Infraspinous or infraspinatus? Caput longum Caput breve Aponeurosis bicipitalis Long head Short head Aponeurosis musculi bicipitis Bicipital aponeurosis brachii Musculus coracobrachialis Coracobrachialis muscle Musculus brachialis Brachialis muscle Musculus triceps brachii Triceps brachii muscle Caput longum Long head Caput laterale Lateral head Caput mediale Caput profundum Medial head Musculus anconeus Anconeus muscle Musculus subanconeus Subanconeusmuscle Musculus articularis cubiti Articularis cubiti muscle Tendo flexorum communis Common flexor tendon Musculus pronator teres Pronator teres muscle Caput superficiale Caput humerale Superficial head Caput profundum Caput ulnare Deep head Musculus flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi radialis muscle Musculus palmaris longus Palmaris longus muscle Musculus flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Caput humerale Humeral head Caput ulnare Ulnar head Musculus flexor digitorum Flexor digitorum superficialis superficialis muscle Caput humeroulnare Humero-ulnar head Caput radiale Radial head Musculus flexor digitorum Flexor digitorum profundus profundus muscle Musculus flexor pollicis longus Flexor pollicis longus muscle Musculus pronator quadratus Pronator quadratus muscle Musculus brachioradialis Brachioradialis muscle Musculus extensor carpi radialis Extensor carpi radialis longus longus muscle Tendo extensor communis Common extensor tendon Musculus extensor carpi radialis Extensor carpi radialis brevis brevis muscle Musculus extensor digitorum Extensor digitorum muscle Long head Short head Bicipital aponeurosis Coracobrachialis muscle Brachialis muscle Triceps brachii muscle Long head Lateral head Medial head Anconeus muscle Subanconeusmuscle Articularis cubiti muscle Common flexor tendon Pronator teres muscle Superficial head Deep head Flexor carpi radialis muscle Palmaris longus muscle Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Humeral head Ulnar head Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Humeroulnar head Radial head Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Flexor pollicis longus muscle Pronator quadratus muscle Brachioradialis muscle Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Common extensor tendon Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle Extensor digitorum muscle Connexus intertendinei Aponeurosis extensoria Cucullus extensorius Intertendinous connections Extensor expansion Extensor hood Intertendinous connections Extensor expansion Extensor hood Fasciculus centralis Fasciculi collaterales Musculus extensor digiti minimi Central band Collateral bands Extensor digiti minimi muscle Central band Collateral bands Extensor digiti minimi muscle Musculus extensor carpi ulnaris Caput humerale Caput ulnare Musculus supinator Caput humerale Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Humeral head Ulnar head Supinator muscle Humeral head Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Humeral head Ulnar head Supinator muscle Humeral head Lacertus fibrosus; Pirogoff's aponeurosis Casserio's muscle Lacertus fibrosis is an antiquated equivalent for the bicipital aponeurosis. Deep head Deep head is not commonly used for the medial head of triceps brachii muscle. Lecomte's pronator of ulna Humeral head Ulnar head The humeral head is commonly referred to as the superficial head. The ulnar head is commonly referred to as the deep head. Flexor digitorum sublimis muscle Extensor digitorum communis muscle Extensor expansions or dorsal digital expansions should be included and numbered. Extensor hood is the proximal portion of the extensor expansion, covering the MP joint and extending onto the proximal phalanx. The central band or fibers of the extensor expansion attaches to the base of the middle phalanx. The collateral bands of the extensor expansion attach to the distal phalanx. Extensor digiti quinti muscle Supinator muscle arises by two (or more) heads. Caput ulnare Musculus abductor pollicis longus Musculus extensor pollicis brevis Ulnar head Ulnar head Abductor pollicis longus muscle Abductor pollicis longus muscle Musculus extensor pollicis longus Musculus extensor indicis Musculus palmaris brevis Musculus abductor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus muscle Extensor pollicis longus muscle Musculus flexor pollicis brevis Caput superficiale Caput profundum Musculus opponens pollicis Musculus adductor pollicis Caput obliquum Caput transversum Musculus abductor digiti minimi Flexor pollicis brevis muscle Superficial head Deep head Opponens pollicis muscle Adductor pollicis muscle Oblique head Transverse head Abductor digiti minimi muscle Musculus flexor digiti minimi brevis Musculus opponens digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle muscle Opponens digiti minimi muscle Opponens digiti minimi muscle Musculi lumbricales Musculi interossei dorsales Musculi interossei palmares Fasciae Fascia axillaris Ligamentum suspensorium axillae Fascia deltoidea Fascia brachii Septum intermusculare brachii mediale Septum intermusculare brachii laterale Fascia antebrachii Ligamentum carpale palmare Fascia dorsalis manus Retinaculum musculorum extensorum Ligamentum metacarpale transversum superficiale Aponeurosis palmaris Retinaculum musculorum flexorum Chiasma tendinum Musculi membri inferioris Compartimenta Compartimentum femoris anterius Lumbrical muscles (1-4) Dorsal interossei muscles (1-4) Palmar interossei muscles (1-3) Fascia Axillary fascia Suspensory ligament of axilla Lumbrical muscles (1-4) Dorsal interossei muscles (1-4) Palmar interossei muscles (1-3) Fascia Axillary fascia Suspensory ligament of axilla Deltoid fascia Brachial fascia Medial intermuscular septum of arm Lateral intermuscular septum of arm Antebrachial fascia Palmar carpal ligament Dorsal fascia of hand Extensor retinaculum Deltoid fascia Brachial fascia Medial intermuscular septum of arm Lateral intermuscular septum of arm Antebrachial fascia Palmar carpal ligament Dorsal fascia of hand Extensor retinaculum Superficial transverse metacarpal ligament Palmar aponeurosis Flexor retinaculum Superficial transverse metacarpal ligament Palmar aponeurosis Flexor retinaculum Transverse carpal ligament Tendinous chiasm Muscles of lower limb Compartments Anterior compartment of thigh Tendinous chiasm Muscles of lower limb Compartments Anterior compartment of thigh Extensor pollicis brevis muscle Supinator muscle arises by two (or more) heads. Extensor pollicis brevis muscle Extensor indicis muscle Extensor indicis muscle Palmaris brevis muscle Palmaris brevis muscle Abductor pollicis brevis muscle Abductor pollicis brevis muscle Ligamentum carpale transversum Compartimentum femoris extensorum Flexor pollicis brevis muscle Superficial head Deep head Opponens pollicis muscle Adductor pollicis muscle Oblique head Transverse head Abductor digiti minimi muscle Lumbricals Should this be four or three? Campbell's ligament; Gerdy's ligament This should also be listed with clavipectoral fascia. Palmar carpal ligament is a thickening of the antebrachial fascia on the anterior wrist. Dorsal carpal ligament Extensor compartment of thigh This should be part of antebrachial fascia. Compartimentum femoris posterius Compartimentum femoris mediale Compartimentum cruris anterius Compartimentum femoris flexorum Compartimentum femoris adductorum Compartimentum cruris extensorum Compartimentum cruris posterius Compartimentum cruris flexorum Pars superficialis Pars gastrocnemialis; Pars tricipitalis Pars profunda Pars solealis Compartimentum cruris laterale Compartimentum cruris fibularium; Compartimentum cruris peroneorum Posterior compartment of thigh Posterior compartment of thigh Flexor compartment of thigh Medial compartment of thigh Medial compartment of thigh Adductor compartment of thigh Anterior compartment of leg Anterior compartment of leg Extensor compartment of leg Posterior compartment of leg Posterior compartment of leg Flexor compartment of leg Superficial part Superficial part Deep part Lateral compartment of leg Deep part Lateral compartment of leg Musculi Musculus iliopsoas Musculus iliacus Musculus psoas major (Musculus psoas minor) Musculus gluteus maximus Musculus gluteus medius Musculus gluteus minimus Aponeurosis glutea Musculus tensor fasciae latae Musculus piriformis Musculus obturatorius internus Musculus gemellus superior Musculus gemellus inferior Musculus quadratus femoris Musculus sartorius Pes anserinus Musculus quadriceps femoris Musculus rectus femoris Caput rectum Caput reflexum (Caput tertium) Musculus vastus lateralis Musculus vastus intermedius Musculus vastus medialis Musculus articularis genus Muscles Iliopsoas muscle Iliacus muscle Psoas major muscle (Psoas minor muscle) Gluteus maximus muscle Gluteus medius muscle Gluteus minimus muscle Guteal aponeurosis Tensor fasciae latae muscle Piriformis muscle Obturator internus muscle Superior gemellus muscle Inferior gemellus muscle Quadratus femoris muscle Sartorius muscle Pes anserinus Quadriceps femoris muscle Rectus femoris muscle Straight head Reflected head (Third head) Vastus lateralis muscle Vastus intermedius muscle Vastus medialis muscle Articularis genu muscle Muscles Iliopsoas muscle Iliacus muscle Psoas major muscle (Psoas minor muscle) Gluteus maximus muscle Gluteus medius muscle Gluteus minimus muscle Guteal aponeurosis Tensor fasciae latae muscle Piriformis muscle Obturator internus muscle Superior gemellus muscle Inferior gemellus muscle Quadratus femoris muscle Sartorius muscle Pes anserinus Quadriceps femoris muscle Rectus femoris muscle Straight head Reflected head (Third head) Vastus lateralis muscle Vastus intermedius muscle Vastus medialis muscle Articularis genu muscle Musculus pectineus Musculus adductor longus Musculus adductor brevis Musculus adductor magnus Pars adductoria Pectineus muscle Adductor longus muscle Adductor brevis muscle Adductor magnus muscle Adductor portion Pectineus muscle Adductor longus muscle Adductor brevis muscle Adductor magnus muscle Adductor portion Pars ischiocondylaris Ischiocondylar portion Ischiocondylar portion Fibular compartment of leg; Peroneal compartment of leg Peroneus is erroneous (or at least outdated) and should be abandoned. Hyrtl's muscle Tensor of fascia lata muscle Tensor of fascia lata seems like an awkward construct. Gemellus superior muscle Gemellus inferior muscle The common insertion of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus. Tubbs et al. Does a third head of the rectus femoris muscle exist? 2006 Articularis genus muscle; Articular muscle of knee Hamstring part The adductor portion of adductor magnus should be named, to distnguish it from the ischiocondylar portion. The ischiocondylar portion of adductor magnus should be named, because of its unique origin, insertion, and innervation. (Musculus adductor minimus) (Adductor minimus muscle) (Adductor minimus muscle) Aadductor minimus should be in parentheses because it represents the superiormost fibers of adductor magnus and not a distinct separate muscle. Musculus gracilis Musculus obturatorius externus Musculus biceps femoris Caput longum Caput breve Musculus semitendinosus Musculus semimembranosus Musculus tibialis anterior Musculus extensor digitorum longus Aponeurosis extensoria Fasciculus centralis Fasciculi collaterales Musculus fibularis tertius Musculus peroneus tertius Musculus extensor hallucis longus Musculus fibularis longus Musculus peroneus longus Musculus fibularis brevis Musculus peroneus brevis Musculus triceps surae Musculus gastrocnemius Caput laterale Caput mediale Musculus soleus Tendo calcaneus Musculus plantaris Musculus popliteus Musculus tibialis posterior Musculus flexor digitorum longus Musculus flexor hallucis longus Musculus extensor hallucis brevis Gracilis muscle Obturator externus muscle Biceps femoris muscle Long head Short head Semitendinosus muscle Semimembranosus muscle Tibialis anterior muscle Extensor digitorum longus muscle Extensor expansion Central band Collateral bands Fibularis tertius muscle Extensor hallucis longus muscle Gracilis muscle Obturator externus muscle Biceps femoris muscle Long head Short head Semitendinosus muscle Semimembranosus muscle Tibialis anterior muscle Extensor digitorum longus muscle Extensor expansion Central band Collateral bands Fibularis tertius muscle Extensor hallucis longus muscle Fibularis longus muscle Fibularis brevis muscle Triceps surae muscle Gastrocnemius muscle Lateral head Medial head Soleus muscle Calcaneal tendon Plantaris muscle Popliteus muscle Tibialis posterior muscle Flexor digitorum longus muscle Fibularis longus muscle Fibularis brevis muscle Triceps surae muscle Gastrocnemius muscle Lateral head Medial head Soleus muscle Calcaneal tendon Plantaris muscle Popliteus muscle Tibialis posterior muscle Flexor digitorum longus muscle Musculus extensor digitorum brevis Musculus abductor hallucis Musculus flexor hallucis brevis Caput mediale Caput laterale Musculus adductor hallucis Caput obliquum Caput transversum Musculus abductor digiti minimi Extensor digitorum brevis muscle Abductor hallucis muscle Flexor hallucis brevis muscle Medial head Lateral head Adductor hallucis muscle Oblique head Transverse head Abductor digiti minimi muscle Extensor digitorum brevis muscle Abductor hallucis muscle Flexor hallucis brevis muscle Medial head Lateral head Adductor hallucis muscle Oblique head Transverse head Abductor digiti minimi muscle Abductor digiti quinti (Musculus abductor metatarsi quinti) (Musculus opponens digiti minimi) Musculus flexor digiti minimi brevis (Abductor of fifth metatarsal) (Abductor of fifth metatarsal) (Wood's muscle) (Opponens digiti minimi) (Opponens digiti minimi) Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle Extensor expansions or dorsal digital expansions should be named. The central band or fibers of the extensor expansion attaches to the base of the middle phalanx. The collateral bands of the extensor expansion attach to the distal phalanx. Peroneus tertius muscle Peroneus longus muscle Peroneus brevis muscle Achilles' tendon Flexor hallucis longus muscle Flexor hallucis longus muscle Extensor hallucis brevis muscle Extensor hallucis brevis muscle Musculus flexor digitorum brevis Musculus quadratus plantae Musculi lumbricales Musculi interossei dorsales Musculi interossei plantares Fasciae Fascia lata Tractus iliotibialis Septum intermusculare femoris laterale Septum intermusculare femoris mediale Canalis adductorius Membrana vastoadductoria Hiatus adductorius Fascia iliaca Lacuna musculorum Arcus iliopectineus Lacuna vasorum Vagina femoralis Canalis femoralis Trigonum femorale Anulus femoralis Septum femorale Hiatus saphenus Margo falciformis Cornu superius Cornu inferius Fascia cribrosa Fascia poplitea Fascia cruris Septum intermusculare cruris anterius Septum intermusculare cruris posterius Septum intermusculare transversum cruris Arcus tendineus musculi solei Retinaculum musculorum extensorum superius Retinaculum musculorum flexorum Retinaculum musculorum extensorum inferius Retinaculum musculorum fibularium superius Musculus flexor accessorius Septum intermusculare vastoadductorium Margo arcuatus Crus superius Crus inferius Retinaculum musculorum peroneorum superius Flexor digitorum brevis muscle Flexor digitorum brevis muscle Quadratus plantae muscle Lumbrical muscles (1-4) Dorsal interossei muscles (1-4) Plantar interossei muscles (1-3) Fascia Fascia lata Iliotibial tract Quadratus plantae muscle Lumbrical muscles (1-4) Dorsal interossei muscles (1-4) Plantar interossei muscles (1-3) Fascia Fascia lata Iliotibial tract Lateral femoral intermuscular septum Medial femoral intermuscular septum Adductor canal Vasto-adductor membrane Lateral femoral intermuscular septum Medial femoral intermuscular septum Adductor canal Vastoadductor membrane Adductor hiatus Iliac fascia Muscular space Iliopectineal arch Vascular space Femoral sheath Femoral canal Femoral triangle Femoral ring Femoral septum Saphenous opening Falciform margin Superior horn Inferior horn Cribriform fascia Popliteal fascia Crural fascia Anterior intermuscular septum of leg Posterior intermuscular septum of leg Transverse intermuscular septum of leg Tendinous arch of soleus muscle Adductor hiatus Iliac fascia Muscular space Iliopectineal arch Vascular space Femoral sheath Femoral canal Femoral triangle Femoral ring Femoral septum Saphenous opening Falciform margin Superior horn Inferior horn Cribriform fascia Popliteal fascia Crural fascia Anterior intermuscular septum of leg Posterior intermuscular septum of leg Transverse intermuscular septum of leg Tendinous arch of soleus muscle Superior extensor retinaculum Superior extensor retinaculum Transverse crural ligament Flexor retinaculum Flexor retinaculum Laciniate ligament Inferior extensor retinaculum Inferior extensor retinaculum Cruciate crural ligament Superior fibular retinaculum Superior fibular retinaculum Superior peroneal retinaculum Flexor accessorius muscle Lumbricals Iliotibial band; Bandelette of Maissiat Hunter's canal Vastoadductor intermuscular septum; Subsartorial fascia Septum intermusculare vastoadductorium translates to vastoadductor intermuscular septum. Vastoadductor membrane is a shortened alternative terminology, and describes better this fibrous connection between vastus medialis and adductor magnus. Abernethy's fascia Femoral sheath should be listed. Scarpa's triangle Cloquet's septum Fossa ovalis femoris Burns' ligament; Hey's ligament Hesselbach's fascia Deep fascia of leg Anterior crural intermusclar septum Posterior crural intermusclar septum Transverse crural intermusclar septum The fascia behind the knee, popliteal fascia, is frequently referenced. Fascia cruris translates to crural fascia. See A04.7.03.004 and 005 for comparable terminology. Transverse intermuscular septum separates the superficial and deep posterior compartments of the leg. Retinaculum musculorum Retinaculum musculorum fibularium inferius peroneorum inferius Fascia dorsalis pedis Aponeurosis plantaris Ligamentum calcaneometatarsale Inferior fibular retinaculum Inferior fibular retinaculum Inferior peroneal retinaculum Dorsal fascia of foot Plantar aponeurosis Calcaneometatarsal ligament Dorsal fascia of foot Plantar aponeurosis Calcaneometatarsal ligament Fasciculi transverse Ligamentum metatarsale transversum superficiale Vaginae tendinum et bursae Bursa subcutanea Bursa submuscularis Bursa subfascialis Bursa subtendinea Vagina tendinis Vagina fibrosa Stratum fibrosum Vagina synovialis Stratum synoviale Mesotendineum Vinculum tendinis Bursae colli Bursa musculi tensoris veli palatini Bursa subcutanea prominentiae laryngeae Bursa infrahyoidea Bursa retrohyoidea Bursae membri superioris Bursa subtendinea musculi trapezii (Bursa subcutanea acromialis) Bursa subacromialis Bursa subdeltoidea (Bursa musculi coracobrachialis) Transverse fascicles Superficial transverse metatarsal ligament Tendon sheaths and bursae Subcutaneous bursa Submuscular bursa Subfascial bursa Subtendinous bursa Tendon sheath Fibrous sheath Synovial sheath Mesotendon Bursae of neck Bursa of tensor veli palatini muscle Subcutaneous bursa of laryngeal prominence Infrahyoid bursa Retrohyoid bursa Bursae of upper limb Subtendinous bursa of trapezius muscle (Subcutaneous acromial bursa) Subacromial bursa Subdeltoid bursa (Coracobrachial bursa) Transverse fascicles Superficial transverse metatarsal ligament Tendon sheaths and bursae Subcutaneous bursa Submuscular bursa Subfascial bursa Subtendinous bursa Tendon sheath Fibrous sheath Synovial sheath Mesotendon Bursae of neck Bursa of tensor veli palatini muscle Subcutaneous bursa of laryngeal prominence Infrahyoid bursa Retrohyoid bursa Boyer's bursa Bursae of upper limb Subtendinous bursa of trapezius muscle (Subcutaneous acromial bursa) Subacromial bursa Subdeltoid bursa (Coracobrachial bursa) Bursa subtendinea musculi infraspinati Bursa subtendinea musculi subscapularis Bursa subtendinea musculi teretis majoris Bursa subtendinea musculi latissimi dorsi Bursa subcutanea olecrani (Bursa intratendinea olecrani) Subtendinous bursa of infraspinatus muscle Subtendinous bursa of subscapularis muscle Subtendinous bursa of teres major muscle Subtendinous bursa of latissimus dorsi muscle Subcutaneous olecranon bursa (Intratendinous olecranon bursa) Subtendinous bursa of infraspinatus muscle Subtendinous bursa of subscapularis muscle Subtendinous bursa of teres major muscle Subtendinous bursa of latissimus dorsi muscle Subcutaneous olecranon bursa (Intratendinous olecranon bursa) Bursa subtendinea musculi tricipitis brachii Bursa bicipitoradialis (Bursa cubitalis interossea) Vaginae tendinum membri superioris Vagina tendinis intertubercularis Vaginae tendinum carpales Subtendinous bursa of triceps brachii muscle Bicipitoradial bursa (Interosseous cubital bursa) Tendinous sheaths of upper limb Intertubercular tendon sheath Carpal tendinous sheaths Subtendinous bursa of triceps brachii muscle Bicipitoradial bursa (Interosseous cubital bursa) Tendinous sheaths of upper limb Intertubercular tendon sheath Carpal tendinous sheaths The calcaneometatarsal ligament represents a lateral portion of the plantar aponeurosis. Mesotendon and vinculum are synonymous. Tensor veli palatini (below) is not in the neck. Vaginae tendinum carpales palmares Vagina tendinis musculi flexoris pollicis longi Vagina tendinis musculi flexoris carpi radialis Vagina communis tendinum musculorum flexorum Vaginae tendinum carpales dorsales Vagina tendinum musculorum abductoris longi et extensoris pollicis brevis Vagina tendinum musculorum extensorum carpi radialium Vagina tendinis musculi extensoris pollicis longi Vagina tendinum musculorum extensoris digitorum et extensoris indicis Vagina tendinis musculi extensoris digiti minimi Vagina tendinis musculi extensoris carpi ulnaris Vaginae fibrosae digitorum manus Pars anularis vaginae fibrosae Pars cruciformis vaginae fibrosae Palmar carpal tendinous sheaths Palmar carpal tendinous sheaths Tendinous sheath of flexor pollicis longus muscle Tendinous sheath of flexor carpi radialis muscle Common flexor sheath Tendinous sheath of flexor pollicis longus muscle Tendinous sheath of flexor carpi radialis muscle Common flexor sheath Radial bursa Ulnar bursa Dorsal carpal tendinous sheaths Dorsal carpal tendinous sheaths Tendinous sheath of abductor longus and extensor pollicis brevis muscles Tendinous sheath of extensors carpi radialis muscles Tendinous sheath of extensor pollicis longus muscle Tendinous sheath of extensor digitorum and extensor indicis muscle Tendinous sheath of extensor digiti minimi muscle Tendinous sheath of extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Fibrous sheaths of digits of hand Tendinous sheath of abductor longus and extensor pollicis brevis muscles Tendinous sheath of extensors Tendinous sheath of extensors carpi radialis muscles carpi radiales Tendinous sheath of extensor pollicis longus muscle Tendinous sheath of extensor digitorum and extensor indicis muscle Tendinous sheath of extensor digiti minimi muscle Tendinous sheath of extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Fibrous sheaths of digits of hand Anular part of fibrous sheath Anular part of fibrous sheath Cruciform part of fibrous sheath Cruciform part of fibrous sheath A band (1-5) C band (1-3) Vaginae synoviales digitorum manus Vincula tendinum Vinculum longum Synovial sheaths of digits of hand Vincula tendinum Vinculum longum Synovial sheaths of digits of hand Vincula tendinum Vinculum longum Mesotendons Long vinculum; Long mesotendon Vinculum breve Vinculum breve Vinculum breve Short vinculum; Short mesotendon Bursae membri inferioris Bursa subcutanea trochanterica Bursae of lower limb Bursae of lower limb Subcutaneous trochanteric bursa Subcutaneous trochanteric bursa Bursa trochanterica musculi glutei maximi Bursae trochantericae musculi glutei medii Bursa trochanterica musculi glutei minimi Bursa musculi piriformis Bursa ischiadica musculi obturatorii interni Bursa subtendinea musculi obturatorii interni Bursae intermusculares musculorum gluteorum Bursa ischiadica musculi glutei maximi Trochanteric bursa of gluteus maximus muscle Trochanteric bursae of gluteus medius muscle Trochanteric bursa of gluteus minimus muscle Bursa of piriformis muscle Sciatic bursa of obturator internus muscle Subtendinous bursa of obturator internus muscle Intermuscular gluteal bursae This is not brevis. Should the A and C part of the fibrous sheathes be numbered? Trochanteric bursa of gluteus maximus muscle Trochanteric bursae of gluteus Check the naming of these bursae versus radiological description. medius muscle Trochanteric bursa of gluteus minimus muscle Bursa of piriformis muscle Sciatic bursa of obturator internus Isciatic bursa of obturator internus muscle muscle Subtendinous bursa of obturator internus muscle Intermuscular gluteal bursae Sciatic bursa of gluteus maximus Sciatic bursa of gluteus maximus Isciatic bursa of gluteus maximus muscle muscle musclecle (Bursa iliopectinea) Bursa subtendinea iliaca Bursa musculi bicipitis femoris superior Bursa subcutanea prepatellaris (Bursa subfascialis prepatellaris) (Iliopectineal bursa) Subtendinous bursa of iliacus Superior bursa of biceps femoris muscle Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa (Subfascial prepatellar bursa) (Bursa subtendinea prepatellaris) (Subtendinous prepatellar bursa) (Subtendinous prepatellar bursa) Bursa suprapatellaris Bursa subcutanea infrapatellaris Suprapatellar bursa Suprapatellar bursa Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa Bursa infrapatellaris profunda Bursa subcutanea tuberositatis tibiae Bursae subtendineae musculi sartorii Bursa anserina Bursa subtendinea musculi bicipitis femoris inferior Recessus subpopliteus Bursa subtendinea musculi gastrocnemii lateralis Bursa subtendinea musculi gastrocnemii medialis Bursa musculi semimembranosi Bursa subcutanea malleoli lateralis Bursa subtendinea musculi tibialis anterioris Bursa subcutanea calcanea Bursa tendinis calcanei Deep infrapatellar bursa Subcutaneous bursa of tuberosity of tibia Subtendinous bursa of sartorius muscle Anserine bursa Inferior subtendinous bursa of biceps femoris muscle Subpopliteal recess Lateral subtendinous bursa of gastrocnemius muscle Medial subtendinous bursa of gastrocnemius muscle Semimembranosus bursa Subcutaneous bursa of lateral malleolus Subtendinous bursa of tibialis anterior Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa Bursa of calcaneal tendon Vaginae tendinum membri inferioris Vaginae tendinum tarsales anteriores Vagina tendinis musculi tibialis anterioris Vagina tendinis musculi extensoris hallucis longi Vagina tendinum musculi extensoris digitorum longi Vaginae tendinum tarsales tibiales Vagina tendinum musculi flexoris digitorum longi Vagina tendinis musculi tibialis posterioris Vagina tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi Vaginae tendinum tarsales fibulares (Iliopectineal bursa) Subtendinous bursa of iliacus Subtendinous bursa of iliopsoas Superior bursa of biceps femoris muscle Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa (Subfascial prepatellar bursa) Deep infrapatellar bursa Subcutaneous bursa of tuberosity of tibia Subtendinous bursa of sartorius muscle Anserine bursa Inferior subtendinous bursa of biceps femoris muscle Subpopliteal recess Lateral subtendinous bursa of gastrocnemius muscle Medial subtendinous bursa of gastrocnemius muscle Semimembranosus bursa Brodie's bursa Subcutaneous bursa of lateral malleolus Subtendinous bursa of tibialis anterior Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa Bursa of calcaneal tendon Bursa of tendo calcaneus; Retrocalcaneal bursa Tendinous sheaths of lower Tendinous sheaths of lower limb limb Anterior tarsal tendinous sheaths Anterior tarsal tendinous sheaths Tendinous sheath of tibialis anterior muscle Tendinous sheath of extensor hallucis longus muscle Tendinous sheath of extensor digitorum longus muscle Tibial tarsal tendinous sheaths Tendinous sheath of tibialis anterior muscle Tendinous sheath of extensor hallucis longus muscle Tendinous sheath of extensor digitorum longus muscle Tibial tarsal tendinous sheaths Tendinous sheath of flexor Tendinous sheath of flexor digitorum longus muscle digitorum longus muscle Tendinous sheath of tibialis Tendinous sheath of tibialis posterior muscle posterior muscle Tendinous sheath of flexor Tendinous sheath of flexor hallucis longus muscle hallucis longus muscle Fibular tarsal tendinous sheaths Fibular tarsal tendinous sheaths This is the iliopsoas bursa. Vagina communis tendinum musculorum fibularium Vagina plantaris tendinis musculi fibularis longi Vagina tendinum digitorum pedis Vagina communis tendinum musculorum peroneorum Vagina plantaris tendinis musculi peronei longi Vaginae fibrosae digitorum pedia Pars anularis vaginae fibrosae Pars cruciformis vaginae fibrosae Vaginae synoviales digitorum pedis Vincula tendinum Systema digestorium Ostium orale Cavitas oris Tunica mucosa oris Vestibulum oris Rima oris Labia oris Labium superius Philtrum Tuberculum Labium inferius Frenulum labii superioris Frenulum labii inferioris Commissura labiorum Angulus oris Bucca Corpus adiposum buccae Organum juxtaorale Papilla ductus parotidei Cavitas oris propria Palatum Palatum durum Palatum molle Raphe palati Plicae palatinae transversae Papilla incisiva Gingiva Margo gingivalis Papilla gingivalis Sulcus gingivalis Caruncula sublingualis Plica sublingualis Glandulae oris Glandulae salivariae majores Glandula parotidea Pars superficialis Velum palatinum Rugae palatinae Papilla interdentalis Common tendinous sheath of fibularis muscles Plantar tendinous sheath of fibularis longus muscle Tendinous sheaths of toes; Tendinous digital sheaths Fibrous sheaths of toes; Fibrous digital sheaths Anular part of fibrous sheath Cruciform part of fibrous sheath Common tendinous sheath of fibularis muscles Plantar tendinous sheath of fibularis longus muscle Tendinous sheaths of toes; Tendinous digital sheaths Fibrous sheaths of toes; Fibrous digital sheaths Anular part of fibrous sheath Cruciform part of fibrous sheath Synovial sheaths of toes Synovial sheaths of toes Vincula tendinum Digestive system Mouth Oral cavity Mucosa of mouth Oral vestibule Oral opening Lips Upper lip Philtrum Tubercle Lower lip Frenulum of upper lip Frenulum of lower lip Labial commissure Angle of mouth Cheek Buccal fat pad Juxta-oral organ Papilla of parotid duct Oral cavity proper Palate Hard palate Soft palate Palatine raphe Transverse palatine folds Incisive papilla Gingiva Gingival margin Gingival papilla Gingival sulcus Sublingual caruncle Sublingual fold Glands of mouth Major salivary glands Parotid gland Superficial part Vincula tendinum Digestive system Mouth Oral cavity Mucosa of mouth Oral vestibule Oral opening Lips Upper lip Philtrum Tubercle Lower lip Frenulum of upper lip Frenulum of lower lip Labial commissure Angle of mouth Cheek Buccal fat pad Juxtaoral organ Papilla of parotid duct Oral cavity proper Palate Hard palate Soft palate Palatine raphe Transverse palatine folds Incisive papilla Gingiva Gingival margin Gingival papilla Gingival sulcus Sublingual caruncle Sublingual fold Glands of mouth Major salivary glands Parotid gland Superficial part Common tendinous sheath of peronei Plantar tendinous sheath of peroneus longus A band (1-5) C band (1-3) Mesotendons Alimentary system Mucous membrane of mouth Oral fissure Bichat's fat pad Organ of Chievitz Palatine rugae Gum Interdental papilla Gingival groove This is a repeat. Pars profunda Processus glenoideus Processus pterygoideus glandulae parotideae Glandula parotidea accessoria Ductus parotideus Glandula sublingualis Ductus sublingualis major Ductus sublingualis minores Glandula submandibularis Ductus submandibularis Deep part Glenoid process Pterygoid process of the parotid gland Accessory parotid gland Parotid duct Sublingual gland Major sublingual duct Minor sublingual ducts Submandibular gland Submandibular duct Deep part Glenoid process Pterygoid process of the parotid gland Accessory parotid gland Parotid duct Sublingual gland Major sublingual duct Minor sublingual ducts Submandibular gland Submandibular duct Glandulae salivariae minores Glandulae labiales Glandulae buccales Glandulae molares Glandulae palatinae Glandulae linguales Dentes Arcus dentalis maxillaris Arcus dentalis mandibularis Dens incisivus Dens caninus Dens premolaris Dens molaris Dens molaris tertius Corona dentis Cuspis dentis Apex cuspidis Cuspis accessoria Tuberculum dentis Crista transversa Crista triangularis Crista obliqua Fissura occlusalis Fossa occlusalis Cuspis buccalis Cuspis palatinalis Cuspis lingualis Cuspis mesiobuccalis Cuspis mesiopalatinalis Cuspis mesiolingualis Cuspis distobuccalis Cuspis distopalatinalis Cuspis distolingualis Cuspis distalis Corona clinica Cervix dentis Radix dentis Apex radicis dentis Minor salivary glands Labial glands Buccal glands Molar glands Palatine glands Lingual glands Teeth Maxillary dental arcade Mandibular dental arcade Incisor tooth Canine tooth Premolar tooth Molar tooth Third molar tooth Crown Cusp Apex of cusp Accessory cusp Tubercle Transverse ridge Triangular ridge Oblique ridge Occlusal fissure Occlusal fossa Buccal cusp Palatal cusp Lingual cusp Mesiobuccal cusp Mesiopalatal cusp Mesiolingual cusp Distobuccal cusp Dictopalatal cusp Distolingual cusp Distal cusp Clinical crown Neck Root Root apex Minor salivary glands Labial glands Buccal glands Molar glands Palatine glands Lingual glands Teeth Maxillary dental arcade Mandibular dental arcade Incisor tooth Canine tooth Premolar tooth Molar tooth Third molar tooth Crown Cusp Apex of cusp Accessory cusp Tubercle Transverse ridge Triangular ridge Oblique ridge Occlusal fissure Occlusal fossa Buccal cusp Palatal cusp Lingual cusp Mesiobuccal cusp Mesiopalatal cusp Mesiolingual cusp Distobuccal cusp Dictopalatal cusp Distolingual cusp Distal cusp Clinical crown Neck Root Root apex Arcus dentalis superior Arcus dentalis inferior Dens serotinus Socia parotidis Stensen's duct Gland of Rivinus Bartholin's duct Ducts of Rivinus Submaxillary gland Submaxillary duct; Wharton's duct Gland of Blandin; Gland of Nuhn Upper dental arcade Lower dental arcade Wisdom tooth Cuspid Hypoconulid Radix clinica Facies occlusalis Facies vestibularis Facies buccalis Facies labialis Facies lingualis Facies palatinalis Facies mesialis Facies distalis Facies approximalis Area contingens Cingulum Crista marginalis Margo incisivus Cavitas pulparis Cavitas coronae Canalis radicis dentis Foramen apices dentis Pulpa dentis Pulpa coronalis Pulpa radicularis Papilla dentis Dentinum Enamelum Cementum Periodontium Mammillae Sulcus caninus Fossa canina Fovea mesialis Fovea distalis Radix buccalis Radix palatinalis Radix mesialis Radix distalis Radix mesiobuccalis Radix mesiolingualis Radix accessoria (Tuberculum anomale) Cuspis paramolaris Tuberculum molare Alveolus dentalis Curvatura occlusalis Dentes decidui Dentes permanents (Diastema) Lingua Corpus linguae Radix linguae Cavitas dentis Stria canina Tuberculum paramolare Clinical root Occlusal surface Vestibular surface Buccal surface Labial surface Lingual surface Palatal surface Mesial surface Distal surface Approximal surface Contact zone Cingulum Marginal ridge Incisal margin Pulp cavity Pulp cavity of crown Root canal Apical foramen Dental pulp Crown pulp Root pulp Dental papilla Dentine Enamel Cement Periodontium Mamelons Canine groove Canine fossa Mesial fovea Distal fovea Buccal root Palatal root Mesial root Distal root Mesiobuccal root Mesiolingual root Accessory root (Anomalous tubercle) Paramolar cusp Molar tubercle Tooth socket Occlusal curve Deciduous teeth Permanent teeth (Diastema) Tongue Body of tongue Root of tongue Clinical root Occlusal surface Vestibular surface Buccal surface Labial surface Lingual surface Palatal surface Mesial surface Distal surface Approximal surface Contact zone Cingulum Marginal ridge Incisal margin Pulp cavity Pulp cavity of crown Root canal Apical foramen Dental pulp Crown pulp Root pulp Dental papilla Dentine Enamel Cement Periodontium Mamelons Canine groove Canine fossa Mesial fovea Distal fovea Buccal root Palatal root Mesial root Distal root Mesiobuccal root Mesiolingual root Accessory root (Anomalous tubercle) Paramolar cusp Molar tubercle Tooth socket Occlusal curve Deciduous teeth Permanent teeth (Diastema) Tongue Body of tongue Root of tongue Interproximal surface Pulp canal (Carabelli formation) Paramolar tubercle Curve of Spee Dorsum linguae Pars anterior Pars posterior Facies inferior linguae Plica fimbriata Margo linguae Apex linguae Tunica mucosa linguae Frenulum linguae Dorsum of tongue Anterior part Posterior part Inferior surface of tongue Fimbriated fold Margin of tongue Apex of tongue Mucosa of tongue Frenulum of tongue Dorsum of tongue Anterior part Posterior part Inferior surface of tongue Fimbriated fold Margin of tongue Apex of tongue Mucosa of tongue Frenulum of tongue Papillae linguales Papillae filiformes Papillae fungiformes Papillae vallatae Papillae foliatae Sulcus medianus linguae Sulcus terminalis linguae Foramen caecum linguae Papillae of tongue Filiform papillae Fungiform papillae Vallate papillae Foliate papillae Median sulcus of tongue Terminal sulcus of tongue Foramen caecum of tongue Papillae of tongue Filiform papillae Fungiform papillae Vallate papillae Foliate papillae Median sulcus of tongue Terminal sulcus of tongue Foramen cecum of tongue (Ductus thyroglossus) Tonsilla lingualis Noduli lymphoidei Septum linguae Aponeurosis linguae Musculi linguae Musculus genioglossus Musculus hyoglossus Musculus chondroglossus Musculus ceratoglossus Musculus styloglossus Musculus longitudinalis superior linguae Musculus longitudinalis inferior linguae Musculus transversus linguae Musculus verticalis linguae Musculus palatoglossus FAUCES Isthmus faucium Palatum molle Velum palatinum Uvula palatina (Thyroglossal duct) Lingual tonsil Lymphoid nodules Lingual septum Lingual aponeurosis Muscles of tongue Genioglossus muscle Hyoglossus muscle Chondroglossus muscle Ceratoglossus muscle Styloglossus muscle Superior longitudinal lingual muscle Inferior longitudinal lingual muscle Transversus linguae muscle Verticalis linguae muscle Palatoglossus muscle FAUCES Isthmus of fauces Soft palate Uvula of the palate (Thyroglossal duct) Lingual tonsil Lymphoid nodules Lingual septum Lingual aponeurosis Muscles of tongue Genioglossus muscle Hyoglossus muscle Chondroglossus muscle Ceratoglossus muscle Styloglossus muscle Superior longitudinal lingual muscle Inferior longitudinal lingual muscle Transversus linguae muscle Verticalis linguae muscle Palatoglossus muscle FAUCES Isthmus of fauces Soft palate Uvula of the palate Arcus palatoglossus Plica anterior faucium Palatoglossal arch Palatoglossal arch (Plica triangularis) Arcus palatopharyngeus Plica posterior faucium (Triangular fold) Palatopharyngeal arch (Triangular fold) Palatopharyngeal arch (Semilunar fold) Tonsillar fossa Supratonsillar fossa Palatine tonsil (Semilunar fold) Tonsillar fossa Supratonsillar fossa Palatine tonsil (Plica semilunaris) Fossa tonsillaris Fossa supratonsillaris Tonsilla palatina Pars presulcalis Pars postsulcalis Sinus tonsillaris Presulcal part Postsulcal part Tip of tongue Mucous membrane of tongue Lingual frenulum; Frenum of tongue Lingual papillae Midline groove of tongue Foramen of Morgagni; Morand's foramen Shouldn't the muscles of the tongue be listed in the muscles? Superior longitudinal muscle This muscle should be given the attribute "linguae" or "of the tongue". Inferior longitudinal muscle This muscle should be given the attribute "linguae" or "of the tongue". Transverse muscle Vertical muscle This muscle should be given the attribute "linguae" or "of the tongue". This muscle should be given the attribute "linguae" or "of the tongue". This muscle should be listed with soft palate muscles. Oropharyngeal isthmus This needs to be qualified as of the palate or of the soft palate to distinguish it from the uvula of the bladder. Palatoglossal fold; Anterior pillar of fauces Palatopharyngeal fold; Posterior pillar of fauces Tonsillar sinus; Tonsillar bed Capsula tonsillae (Fissura tonsillaris) (Fissura intratonsillaris) Fossulae tonsillae Cryptae tonsillae Musculi palate mollis et faucium Aponeurosis palatina Musculus levator veli palatini Musculus tensor veli palatini Musculus uvulae Musculus palatopharyngeus Fasciculus anterior Fasciculus posterior PHARYNX Cavitas pharyngis Pars nasalis pharyngis Fornix pharyngis Hypophysis pharyngea Tonsilla pharyngea Fossulae tonsillae Cryptae tonsillae Noduli lymphoidei pharyngei (Bursa pharyngea) Ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae Torus tubarius Plica salpingopharyngea Plica salpingopalatina Torus levatorius Tonsilla tubaria Musculus sphincter palatopharyngeus Nasopharynx Ostium pharyngeum tubae auditoriae Recessus pharyngeus Crista palatopharyngea Pars oralis pharyngis Vallecula epiglottica Plica glossoepiglottica mediana Plica glossoepiglottica lateralis Pars laryngea pharyngis Recessus piriformis Plica nervi laryngei superioris Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Tonsillar capsule (Tonsillar cleft) Tonsillar pits Tonsillar crypts Muscles of soft palate and fauces Palatine aponeurosis Levator veli palatini muscle Tensor veli palatini muscle Musculus uvulae Palatopharyngeus muscle Anterior fascicle Posterior fascicle Tonsillar capsule (Tonsillar cleft) Tonsillar pits Tonsillar crypts Muscles of soft palate and fauces Palatine aponeurosis Levator veli palatini muscle Tensor veli palatini muscle Musculus uvulae Palatopharyngeus muscle Anterior fascicle Posterior fascicle PHARYNX Cavity of pharynx Nasopharynx Vault of pharynx Pharyngeal hypophysis Pharyngeal tonsil Tonsillar pits Tonsillar crypts Pharyngeal lymphoid nodules (Pharyngeal bursa) Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube Torus tubarius Salpingopharyngeal fold Salpingopalatine fold Torus levatorius Tubal tonsil PHARYNX Cavity of pharynx Nasopharynx Vault of pharynx Pharyngeal hypophysis Pharyngeal tonsil Tonsillar pits Tonsillar crypts Pharyngeal lymphoid nodules (Pharyngeal bursa) Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube Torus tubarius Salpingopharyngeal fold Salpingopalatine fold Torus levatorius Tubal tonsil Pharyngeal recess Pharyngeal recess Palatopharyngeal ridge Oropharynx Epiglottic vallecula Median glosso-epiglottic fold Lateral glosso-epiglottic fold Laryngopharynx Piriform recess Fold of superior laryngeal nerve Palatopharyngeal ridge Oropharynx Epiglottic vallecula Median glossoepiglottic fold Lateral glossoepiglottic fold Laryngopharynx Piriform recess Fold of superior laryngeal nerve Constrictio pharyngooesophagea Introitus oesophagei Pharyngo-oesophageal constriction Pharyngobasilar fascia Submucosa Mucosa Pharyngeal glands Tunica muscularis pharyngis Pharyngeal muscles Pharyngeal raphe Pharyngoesophageal constriction Fascia pharyngobasilaris Tela submucosa Tunica mucosa Glandulae pharyngeae Musculi pharyngis Raphe pharyngis Pharyngobasilar fascia Submucosa Mucosa Pharyngeal glands Pharyngeal muscles Pharyngeal raphe (Intratonsillar cleft) Palatopharyngeal sphincter muscle Tonsil of Luschka Eustachian amygdala; Gerlach's tonsil Fossa of Rosenmüller, Fossa of Rosenmuller Passavant's ridge, bar Hypopharynx Piriform fossa; Piriform sinus Mouth of Killian Mucous membrane Muscle layer of pharynx Recessus translates to recess. Raphe pterygomandibularis Musculus constrictor pharyngis superior Pars pterygopharyngea Pars buccopharyngea Pars mylopharyngea Pars glossopharyngea Musculus constrictor pharyngis medius Pars chondropharyngea Pars ceratopharyngea Musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior Pars thyropharyngea Pars cricopharyngea Musculus stylopharyngeus Musculus salpingopharyngeus Musculus palatopharyngeus Fascia buccopharyngea Spatium peripharyngeum Spatium retropharyngeum Spatium parapharyngeum OESOPHAGUS Pars cervicalis Pars thoracica Constrictio bronchoaortica Constrictio diaphragmatica Pars abdominalis Tunica serosa Tela subserosa Tunica adventitia Tunica muscularis Tendo cricooesophageus Musculus bronchooesophageus Musculus pleurooesophageus Tela submucosa Tunica mucosa Lamina muscularis mucosae Glandulae oesophageae GASTER Paries anterior Paries posterior Curvatura major Curvatura minor Incisura angularis Cardia Ostium cardiacum Fundus gastris Musculus thyropharyngeus Musculus cricopharyngeus Spatium lateropharyngeum; Spatium pharyngeum laterale Pars colli Constrictio partis thoracicae Constrictio phrenica Pars cardiaca Pterygomandibular raphe Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle Pterygopharyngeal part Buccopharyngeal part Mylopharyngeal part Glossopharyngeal part Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle Chondropharyngeal part Ceratopharyngeal part Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle Thyropharyngeal part Cricopharyngeal part Stylopharyngeus muscle Salpingopharyngeus muscle Palatopharyngeus muscle Buccopharyngeal fascia Peripharyngeal space Retropharyngeal space Parapharyngeal space Pterygomandibular raphe Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle Pterygopharyngeal part Buccopharyngeal part Mylopharyngeal part Glossopharyngeal part Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle Chondropharyngeal part Ceratopharyngeal part Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle Thyropharyngeal part Cricopharyngeal part Stylopharyngeus muscle Salpingopharyngeus muscle Palatopharyngeus muscle Buccopharyngeal fascia Peripharyngeal space Retropharyngeal space Parapharyngeal space OESOPHAGUS Cervical part Thoracic part Broncho-aortic constriction Diaphragmatic constriction Abdominal part Serosa Subserosa Adventitia Muscular layer Crico-oesophageal tendon Broncho-oesophageal muscle Pleuro-oesophageal muscle Submucosa Mucosa Muscularis mucosae Oesophageal glands STOMACH Anterior wall Posterior wall Greater curvature Lesser curvature Angular incisure Cardia Cardiac orifice Fundus of stomach ESOPHAGUS Cervical part Thoracic part Bronchoaortic constriction Diaphragmatic constriction Abdominal part Serosa Subserosa Adventitia Muscular layer Cricoesophageal tendon Bronchoesophageal muscle Pleuroesophageal muscle Submucosa Mucosa Muscularis mucosae Esophageal glands STOMACH Anterior wall Posterior wall Greater curvature Lesser curvature Angular incisure Cardia Cardiac orifice Fundus of stomach Superior constrictor muscle Middle constrictor muscle Inferior constrictor muscle Thyropharyngeus muscle Cricopharyngeus muscle This is repeated from A04.1.04.010. Lateral pharyngeal space Thoracic constriction Serous coat subserous layer Muscular coat Mucous membrane Angular notch Cardiac part; Cardial part Cardial orifice Fornix gastris Incisura cardialis Corpus gastris Canalis gastricus Pars pylorica Antrum pyloricum Canalis pyloricus Pylorus Ostium pyloricum Tunica serosa Tela subserosa Tunica muscularis Stratum longitudinale Stratum circulare Musculus sphincter pylori Fibrae obliquae Tela submucosa Tunica mucosa Plicae gastricae Lamina muscularis mucosae Areae gastricae Plicae villosae Foveolae gastricae Glandulae gastricae Intestinum tenue Tunica serosa Tela subserosa Tunica muscularis Stratum longitudinale Stratum circulare Stratum helicoidale longi gradus Stratum helicoidale brevis gradus Fornix of stomach Cardiac notch Body of stomach Gastric canal Pyloric part Pyloric antrum Pyloric canal Pylorus Pyloric orifice Serosa Subserosa Muscular layer Longitudinal layer Circular layer Pyloric sphincter Oblique fibres Submucosa Mucosa Gastric folds Muscularis mucosae Gastric areas Villous folds Gastric pits Gastric glands Small intestine Serosa Subserosa Muscular layer Longitudinal layer Fornix of stomach Cardiac notch Body of stomach Gastric canal Pyloric part Pyloric antrum Pyloric canal Pylorus Pyloric orifice Serosa Subserosa Muscular layer Longitudinal layer Circular layer Pyloric sphincter Oblique fibers Submucosa Mucosa Gastric folds Muscularis mucosae Gastric areas Villous folds Gastric pits Gastric glands Small intestine Serosa Subserosa Muscular layer Longitudinal layer Circular layer Circular layer Short pitch helicoidal layer Circular folds Submucosa Mucosa Muscularis mucosae Intestinal villi Intestinal glands Solitary lymphoid nodules Aggregated lymphoid nodules DUODENUM Superior part Duodenal bulb Circular folds Submucosa Mucosa Muscularis mucosae Intestinal villi Intestinal glands Solitary lymphoid nodules Aggregated lymphoid nodules DUODENUM Superior part Duodenal bulb Valves of Kerckring Plicae circulares Tela submucosa Tunica mucosa Lamina muscularis mucosae Villi intestinales Glandulae intestinales Noduli lymphoidei solitarii Noduli lymphoidei aggregati DUODENUM Pars superior Bulbus Ampulla Flexura duodeni superior Pars descendens Flexura duodeni inferior Pars horizontalis Superior duodenal flexure Descending part Inferior duodenal flexure Pars inferior; Pars transversa Horizontal part Pars ascendens Ascending part Superior duodenal flexure Descending part Inferior duodenal flexure Horizontal part Ascending part Cardial notch; Angle of His Serous coat Subserous layer Muscular coat Mucous membrane Gastric rugae Serous coat Subserous layer Muscular coat Long pitch helicoidal layer Mucous membrane Crypts of Lieberkühn Peyer's patches Ampulla; First part; Duodenal cap Bulbus translates to bulb. Second part Inferior part; Transverse part; Third part Fourth part The horizontal part or third part is often referred to as the transverse part. Flexura duodenojejunalis Pars tecta duodeni Musculus suspensorius duodeni Pars phrenicocoeliaca Pars coeliacoduodenalis Plica longitudinalis duodeni Papilla duodeni major Papilla duodeni minor Glandulae duodenales JEJUNUM ILEUM Pars terminalis (Diverticulum ilei) Interstinum crassum Tunica serosa Tela subserosa Tunica muscularis Tela submucosa Tunica mucosa Lamina muscularis mucosae Glandulae intestinales CAECUM Papilla ilealis Ostium ileale Frenulum ostii ilealis Labrum ileocolicum Labrum ileocaecale Appendix vermiformis Ostium appendicis vermiformis Noduli lymphoidei aggregatis (Fascia precaecocolica) COLON Colon ascendens Flexura coli dextra Colon transversum Flexura coli sinistra Colon descendens Colon sigmoideum Plicae semilunares coli Haustra coli Appendices omentales Tunica muscularis Stratum longitudinale Duodenojejunal flexure Duodenojejunal flexure Duodenojejunal junction Hidden part of duodenum Hidden part of duodenum Ligamentum suspensorium Suspensory muscle of duodenum Suspensory muscle of duodenum Suspensory ligament of duodenum; duodeni Ligament of Treitz Phrenicocoeliac part Phrenicoceliac part Coeliacoduodenal part Celiacoduodenal part Longitudinal fold of duodenum Longitudinal fold of duodenum Major duodenal papilla Major duodenal papilla Greater duodenal papilla; Tubercle of Vater Minor duodenal papilla Minor duodenal papilla Lesser duodenal papilla; Santorini's caruncle Duodenal glands Duodenal glands Brunner's glands JEJUNUM JEJUNUM ILEUM ILEUM Terminal ileum Terminal ileum (Ileal diverticulum) (Ileal diverticulum) Meckel's diverticulum Large intestine Large intestine Serosa Serosa Serous coat Subserosa Subserosa Subserous layer Muscular layer Muscular layer Muscular coat Submucosa Submucosa Mucosa Mucosa Mucous membrane Muscularis mucosae Muscularis mucosae Intestinal glands Intestinal glands Crypts of Lieberkühn CAECUM CECUM Ileal papilla Ileal papilla Ileal orifice Ileal orifice Valvula ileocecalis; Ileocecal valve; Orifice of ileal papilla; Bauhin's valve Frenulum valvulae ileocecalis Frenulum of ileal orifice Frenulum of ileal orifice Frenulum of ileocecal valve Labrum superius Labrum inferius Flexura coli hepatica Flexura coli splenica Appendices epiploicae; Appendices adiposae coli Ileocolic lip Ileocaecal lip Appendix; Vermiform appendix Orifice of vermiform appendix Aggregated lymphoid nodules (Precaecocolic fascia) Ileocolic lip Ileocecal lip Appendix; Vermiform appendix Orifice of vermiform appendix Aggregated lymphoid nodules (Prececocolic fascia) COLON Ascending colon Right colic flexure Transverse colon Left colic flexure Descending colon Sigmoid colon Semilunar folds of colon Haustra of colon Omental appendices COLON Ascending colon Right colic flexure Transverse colon Left colic flexure Descending colon Sigmoid colon Semilunar folds of colon Haustra of colon Omental appendices Muscular layer Longitudinal layer Muscular layer Longitudinal layer Superior lip Inferior lip Peyer's patches Jackson's membrane; Jackson's veil Hepatic flexure Splenic flexure; Lienal flexure Epiploic appendices; Fatty appendices of colon Muscular coat Taeniae coli Taenia mesocolica Taenia omentalis Taenia libera Stratum circulare RECTUM Flexura sacralis Flexurae laterales Flexura lateralis superior Taeniae coli Mesocolic taenia Omental taenia Free taenia Circular layer RECTUM Sacral flexure Lateral flexures Flexura superodextra lateralis Superior lateral flexure Teniae coli Mesocolic teniae Omental teniae Free teniae Circular layer RECTUM Sacral flexure Lateral flexures Superior lateral flexure Superodextral lateral flexure Flexura lateralis intermedia Flexura intermediosinistra Intermediate lateral flexure lateralis Flexura inferodextra lateralis Inferior lateral flexure Transverse rectal folds Intermediate lateral flexure Intermediosinistral lateral flexure Inferior lateral flexure Transverse rectal folds Inferodextral lateral flexure Transverse folds of rectum; Valves of Houston, Folds of Houston; Kohlrausch's fold (middle fold) Flexura lateralis inferior Plicae transversae recti Ampulla recti Tunica muscularis Stratum longitudinale Musculus rectococcygeus Musculi rectourethrales Musculus rectoperinealis Rectal ampulla Muscular layer Longitudinal layer Rectococcygeus muscle Recto-urethral muscles Rectoperinealis muscle Rectal ampulla Muscular layer Longitudinal layer Rectococcygeus muscle Rectourethral muscles Rectoperinealis muscle Anoperinealis muscle Anoperinealis muscle Rectovesicalis muscle Circular layer Lateral ligament of rectum ANAL CANAL Anorectal flexure Anorectal junction Anal columns Rectovesicalis muscle Circular layer Lateral ligament of rectum ANAL CANAL Anorectal flexure Anorectal junction Anal columns Valvulae anales Sinus anales Anal valves Anal sinuses Anal valves Anal sinuses Zona transitionalis analis Linea anocutanea Linea pectinata Pecten analis Musculus sphincter ani internus Sulcus intersphinctericus Musculus sphincter ani externus Pars profunda Pars superficialis Pars subcutanea Musculus corrugator cutis ani Anus Anal transition zone Anocutaneous line Pectinate line Anal pecten Internal anal sphincter muscle Intersphincteric groove External anal sphincter muscle Deep part Superficial part Subcutaneous part Corrugator cutis ani muscle Anus Anal transition zone Anocutaneous line Pectinate line Anal pecten Internal anal sphincter muscle Intersphincteric groove External anal sphincter muscle Deep part Superficial part Subcutaneous part Corrugator cutis ani muscle Anus Musculus anoperinealis Musculus rectovesicalis Stratum circulare Ligamentum recti laterale CANALIS ANALIS Flexura anorectalis Junctio anorectalis Columnae anales Musculi anorectoperineales Musculus rectourethralis superior Musculus rectourethralis inferior Flexura perinealis Muscular coat Anorectoperineal muscles Rectourethralis superior muscle; Superior rectourethral muscle; Recto-urethralis superior muscle Rectourethralis inferior muscle; Inferior rectourethral muscle; Recto-urethralis inferior muscle Rectal stalk Perineal flexure Rectal columns; Columns of Morgagni Ball's valves Rectal sinuses, anal crypts; Sinuses of Morgagni White line of Hilton Dentate line Transitional zone; Stroud's pecten Hepar Facies diaphragmatica Pars superior Impressio cardiaca Pars anterior Pars dextra Pars posterior Area nuda Sulcus venae cavae inferioris Fissura ligamenti venosi Liver Diaphragmatic surface Superior part Cardiac impression Anterior part Right part Posterior part Bare area Groove for inferior vena cava Fissure for ligamentum venosum Liver Diaphragmatic surface Superior part Cardiac impression Anterior part Right part Posterior part Bare area Groove for inferior vena cava Fissure for ligamentum venosum Ligamentum venosum Facies visceralis Fossa vesicae billaris Fissura ligamenti teretis Ligamentum venosum Visceral surface Fossa for gallbladder Fissure for ligamentum teres; Fissure for round ligament Round ligament of liver Porta hepatis Omental tuberosity Esophageal impression Gastric impression Duodenal impression Colic impression Renal impression Suprarenal impression Inferior border Notch for ligamentum teres Right lobe of liver Left lobe of liver Fibrous appendix of liver Quadrate lobe Caudate lobe Papillary process Caudate process Hepatic segmentation: lobes, parts, divisions and segments Umbilical fissure Main portal fissure Right portal fissure Left part of liver Left lateral division Left posterior lateral segment Ligament of Arantius Segmentum II Ligamentum venosum Visceral surface Fossa for gallbladder Fissure for ligamentum teres; Fissure for round ligament Round ligament of liver Porta hepatis Omental tuberosity Oesophageal impression Gastric impression Duodenal impression Colic impression Renal impression Suprarenal impression Inferior border Notch for ligamentum teres Right lobe of liver Left lobe of liver Fibrous appendix of liver Quadrate lobe Caudate lobe Papillary process Caudate process Hepatic segmentation: lobes, parts, divisions and segments Umbilical fissure Main portal fissure Right portal fissure Left part of liver Left lateral division Left posterior lateral segment Segmentum III Left anterior lateral segment Left anterior lateral segment Segment III Segmentum IV Pars posterior hepatis Left medial division Left medial segment Caudate lobe Left medial division Left medial segment Caudate lobe Segmentum I Posterior segment Posterior segment Ligamentum teres hepatis Porta hepatis Tuber omentale Impressio oesophagea Impressio gastrica Impressio duodenalis Impressio colica Impressio renalis Impressio suprarenalis Margo inferior Incisura ligamenti teretis Lobus hepatis dexter Lobus hepatis sinister Appendix fibrosa hepatis Lobus quadratus Lobus caudatus Processus papillaris Processus caudatus Segmentatio hepatis: lobi, partes, divisiones et segmenta Fissura umbilicalis Fissura portalis principalis Fissura portalis dextra Pars hepatis sinistra Divisio lateralis sinistra Segmentum posterius laterale sinistrum Segmentum anterius laterale sinistrum Divisio medialis sinistra Segmentum mediale sinistrum Lobus caudatus Segmentum posterius Fossa vesicae felleae Spiegel's lobe, Spiegelian lobe Left liver Segment II Segment IV Posterior liver; Posterior part of liver Segment I Caudate lobe is repeated above and below. Caudate lobe is repeated twice above. Pars hepatis dextra Divisio medialis dextra Segmentum anterius mediale dextrum Segmentum posterius mediale dextrum Divisio lateralis dextra Segmentum anterius laterale dextrum Segmentum posterius laterale dextrum Tunica serosa Tela subserosa Tunica fibrosa Capsula fibrosa perivascularis Lobuli hepatis Arteriae interlobulares Venae interlobulares Venae centrales Ductus biliferi interlobulares Ductus hepaticus communis Ductus hepaticus dexter Ramus anterior Ramus posterior Ductus hepaticus sinister Ramus lateralis Ramus medialis Ductus lobi caudati dexter Ductus lobi caudati sinister Vesica biliaris Fundus vesicae biliaris Infundibulum vesicae biliaris Corpus vesicae biliaris Collum vesicae biliaris Tunica serosa Tela subserosa Tunica muscularis Tunica mucosa Plicae muscosae Ductus cysticus Plica spiralis Ductus biliaris Musculus sphincter ductus biliaris Musculus sphincter superior Musculus sphincter inferior Ampulla hepatopancreatica Musculus sphincter ampullae Right part of liver Right medial division Anterior medial segment Right liver Segmentum V Right part of liver Right medial division Anterior medial segment Segmentum VIII Posterior medial segment Posterior medial segment Segment VIII Right lateral division Anterior lateral segment Right lateral division Anterior lateral segment Segment VI Posterior lateral segment Posterior lateral segment Segment VII Serosa Subserosa Fibrous capsule Perivascular fibrous capsule Lobules of liver Interlobular arteries Interlobular veins Central veins Interlobular bile ducts Common hepatic duct Right hepatic duct Anterior branch Posterior branch Left hepatic duct Lateral branch Medial branch Right duct of caudate lobe Left duct of caudate lobe Vesica fellea Gallbladder Fundus vesicae felleae Fundus of gallbladder Infundibulum vesicae felleae Infundibulum of gallbladder Corpus vesicae felleae Body of gallbladder Collum vesicae felleae Neck of gallbladder Serosa Subserosa Muscular layer Mucosa Rugae Mucosal folds Cystic duct Spiral fold Serosa Subserosa Fibrous capsule Perivascular fibrous capsule Lobules of liver Interlobular arteries Interlobular veins Central veins Interlobular bile ducts Common hepatic duct Right hepatic duct Anterior branch Posterior branch Left hepatic duct Lateral branch Medial branch Right duct of caudate lobe Left duct of caudate lobe Gallbladder Fundus of gallbladder Infundibulum of gallbladder Body of gallbladder Neck of gallbladder Serosa Subserosa Muscular layer Mucosa Mucosal folds Cystic duct Spiral fold Serous coat subserous layer Glisson's capsule Glisson's capsule Ductus choledochus Musculus sphincter ductus choledochi Bile duct Sphincter of bile duct Bile duct Sphincter of bile duct Superior sphincter Inferior sphincter Hepatopancreatic ampulla Superior sphincter Inferior sphincter Hepatopancreatic ampulla Sphincter of ampulla Sphincter of ampulla Segmentum anterius laterale dextrum Segmentum VII Ampulla biliaropancreatica Segment V Hartmann's pouch Serous coat Subserous layer Muscular coat Mucous membrane Rugae Spiral valve of Heister; Heister's valve Common bile duct Four-part sphincter of Boyden Biliaropancreatic ampulla; Ampulla of Vater Sphincter of Oddi Glandulae ductus bilaris Glandulae ductus choledochil Glands of bile duct Glands of bile duct Pancreas Caput pancreatis Processus uncinatus Incisura pancreatis Collum pancreatis Corpus pancreatis Facies anterosuperior Facies posterior Facies anteroinferior Margo superior Margo anterior Margo inferior Tuber omentale Cauda pancreatis Ductus pancreaticus Musculus sphincter ductus pancreatici Ductus pancreaticus accessorius (Pancreas accessorium) Insulae pancreaticae Systema respiratorium NASUS Radix nasi Dorsum nasi Apex nasi Ala nasi Cartilagines nasi Cartilago alaris major Pancreas Head of pancreas Uncinate process Pancreatic notch Neck of pancreas Body of pancreas Anterosuperior surface Posterior surface Antero-inferior surface Superior border Anterior border Inferior border Omental eminence Tail of pancreas Pancreatic duct Sphincter of pancreatic duct Pancreas Head of pancreas Uncinate process Pancreatic notch Neck of pancreas Body of pancreas Anterosuperior surface Posterior surface Anteroinferior surface Superior border Anterior border Inferior border Omental eminence Tail of pancreas Pancreatic duct Sphincter of pancreatic duct Accessory pancreatic duct (Accessory pancreas) Pancreatic islets Respiratory system NOSE Root of nose Dorsum of nose Apex of nose Ala of nose Nasal cartilages Major alar cartilage Accessory pancreatic duct (Accessory pancreas) Pancreatic islets Respiratory system NOSE Root of nose Dorsum of nose Apex of nose Ala of nose Nasal cartilages Major alar cartilage Crus mediale Pars mobilis septi nasi Crus laterale Cartilagines alares minores Cartilagines nasi accessoriae Cartilago septi nasi Processus lateralis Processus posterior Cartilago vomeronasalis Medial crus Mobile part of nasal septum Lateral crus Minor alar cartilages Accessory nasal cartilages Septal nasal cartilage Lateral process Posterior process Vomeronasal cartilage Medial crus Mobile part of nasal septum Lateral crus Minor alar cartilages Accessory nasal cartilages Septal nasal cartilage Lateral process Posterior process Vomeronasal cartilage Nasal cavity Nostrils Choanae Nasal septum Membranous part Cartilaginous part Bony part Vomeronasal organ Nasal vestibule Nasal cavity Nostrils Choanae Nasal septum Membranous part Cartilaginous part Bony part Vomeronasal organ Nasal vestibule Cavitas nasi Nares Choanae Septum nasi Pars membranacea Pars cartilaginea Pars ossea Organum vomeronasale Vestibulum nasi Processus sphenoidalis Winslow's pancreas Duct of Wirsung Duct of Santorini Islets of Langerhans Tip of nose Lower nasal cartilage; Greater alar cartilage Nasal sesamoid cartilage Sphenoid process Jacobson's cartilage; Huschke's cartilage Posterior nasal apertures Columella Jacobson's organ Limen nasi Sulcus olfactorius Concha nasi suprema Concha nasi superior Concha nasi media Concha nasi inferior Plexus cavernosus conchae Tunica mucosa Pars respiratoria Pars olfactoria Glandulae nasales Agger nasi Recessus sphenoethmoidalis Meatus nasi superior Meatus nasi medius Atrium meatus medii Bulla ethmoidalis Infundibulum ethmoidale Hiatus semilunaris Meatus nasi inferior Apertura ductus nasolacrimalis Meatus nasi communis Meatus nasopharyngeus (Ductus incisivus) Sinus paranasales Sinus maxillaris Sinus sphenoidalis Sinus frontalis Cellulae ethmoidales Cellulae ethmoidales anteriores Cellulae ethmoidales mediae Cellulae ethmoidales posteriores Limen nasi Olfactory groove Highest nasal concha Superior nasal concha Middle nasal concha Inferior nasal concha Cavernous plexus of conchae Mucosa Respiratory part Olfactory part Nasal glands Agger nasi Spheno-ethmoidal recess Superior nasal meatus Middle nasal meatus Atrium of middle meatus Ethmoidal bulla Ethmoidal infundibulum Semilunar hiatus Inferior nasal meatus Opening of nasolacrimal duct Common nasal meatus Nasopharyngeal meatus (Incisive duct) Paranasal sinuses Maxillary sinus Sphenoidal sinus Frontal sinus Ethmoidal cells Anterior ethmoidal cells Middle ethmoidal cells Posterior ethmoidal cells Limen nasi Olfactory groove Highest nasal concha Superior nasal concha Middle nasal concha Inferior nasal concha Cavernous plexus of conchae Mucosa Respiratory part Olfactory part Nasal glands Agger nasi Sphenoethmoidal recess Superior nasal meatus Middle nasal meatus Atrium of middle meatus Ethmoidal bulla Ethmoidal infundibulum Semilunar hiatus Inferior nasal meatus Opening of nasolacrimal duct Common nasal meatus Nasopharyngeal meatus (Incisive duct) Paranasal sinuses Maxillary sinus Sphenoidal sinus Frontal sinus Ethmoidal cells Anterior ethmoidal cells Middle ethmoidal cells Posterior ethmoidal cells LARYNX Cartilagines et articulationes laryngis Cartilago thyroidea Prominentia laryngea Lamina dextra Lamina sinistra Incisura thyroidea superior Incisura thyroidea inferior Tuberculum thyroideum superius LARYNX LARYNX Laryngeal cartilages and joints Laryngeal cartilages and joints Thyroid cartilage Laryngeal prominence Right lamina Left lamina Superior thyroid notch Inferior thyroid notch Superior thyroid tubercle Thyroid cartilage Laryngeal prominence Right lamina Left lamina Superior thyroid notch Inferior thyroid notch Superior thyroid tubercle Tuberculum thyroideum inferius Linea obliqua Cornu superius Cornu inferius (Foramen thyroideum) Membrana thyrohyoidea Inferior thyroid tubercle Oblique line Superior horn Inferior horn (Thyroid foramen) Thyrohyoid membrane Inferior thyroid tubercle Oblique line Superior horn Inferior horn (Thyroid foramen) Thyrohyoid membrane Highest nasal turbinate Superior nasal turbinate Middle nasal turbinate Inferior nasal turbinate Mucous membrane Respiratory region Olfactory region Antrum of Highmore Adam's apple Ligamentum thyrohyoideum medianum Bursa retrohyoidea Bursa infrahyoidea Ligamentum thyrohyoideum Cartilago triticea Cartilago cricoidea Arcus cartilaginis cricoideae Lamina cartilaginis cricoideae Facies articularis arytenoidea Facies articularis thyroidea Articulatio cricothyroidea Capsula articularis cricothyroidea Median thyrohyoid ligament Median thyrohyoid ligament Berry's ligament Retrohyoid bursa Infrahyoid bursa Lateral thyrohyoid ligament Triticeal cartilage Cricoid cartilage Arch of cricoid cartilage Lamina of cricoid cartilage Arytenoid articular surface Thyroid articular surface Cricothyroid joint Capsule of cricothyroid joint Retrohyoid bursa Infrahyoid bursa Lateral thyrohyoid ligament Triticeal cartilage Cricoid cartilage Arch of cricoid cartilage Lamina of cricoid cartilage Arytenoid articular surface Thyroid articular surface Cricothyroid joint Capsule of cricothyroid joint Boyer's bursa Ligamentum ceratocricoideum Ligamentum cricothyroideum medianum Ligamentum cricotracheale Cartilago arytenoidea Facies articularis Basis cartilaginis arytenoideae Facies anterolateralis Processus vocalis Crista arcuata Colliculus Fovea oblonga Fovea triangularis Facies medialis Facies posterior Apex cartilaginis arytenoideae Processus muscularis Articulatio cricoarytenoidea Ligamentum cricoarytenoideum Ligamentum cricopharyngeum (Cartilago sesamoidea) Cartilago corniculata Tuberculum corniculatum Cartilago cuneiformis Ceratocricoid ligament Median cricothyroid ligament Ceratocricoid ligament Median cricothyroid ligament Cricotracheal ligament Arytenoid cartilage Articular surface Base of arytenoid cartilage Anterolateral surface Vocal process Arcuate crest Colliculus Oblong fovea Triangular fovea Medial surface Posterior surface Apex of arytenoid cartilage Muscular process Crico-arytenoid joint Crico-arytenoid ligament Cricopharyngeal ligament (Sesamoid cartilage) Corniculate cartilage Corniculate tubercle Cuneiform cartilage Cricotracheal ligament Arytenoid cartilage Articular surface Base of arytenoid cartilage Anterolateral surface Vocal process Arcuate crest Colliculus Oblong fovea Triangular fovea Medial surface Posterior surface Apex of arytenoid cartilage Muscular process Cricoarytenoid joint Cricoarytenoid ligament Cricopharyngeal ligament (Sesamoid cartilage) Corniculate cartilage Corniculate tubercle Cuneiform cartilage Tuberculum cuneiforme Cuneiform tubercle Cuneiform tubercle Epiglottis Cartilago epiglottica Petiolus epiglottidis Tuberculum epiglotticum Ligamentum thyroepiglotticum Ligamentum hyoepiglotticum Corpus adiposum preepiglotticum Musculi laryngis Epiglottis Epiglottic cartilage Stalk of epiglottis Epiglottic tubercle Thyro-epiglottic ligament Hyo-epiglottic ligament Pre-epiglottic fat body Epiglottis Epiglottic cartilage Stalk of epiglottis Epiglottic tubercle Thyroepiglottic ligament Hyoepiglottic ligament Pre-epiglottic fat body Laryngeal muscles Laryngeal muscles Cartilage of Santorini Cartilage of Morgagni; Cartilage of Wrisberg Tubercle of Wrisberg, Cartilage of Wrisberg Petiolus Musculus cricothyroideus Pars recta Pars obliqua Musculus cricoarytenoideus posterior (Musculus ceratocricoideus) Musculus cricoarytendoideus lateralis Musculus vocalis Musculus thyroarytenoideus Pars thyroepiglottica Musculus arytenoideus obliquus Cricothyroid muscle Straight part Oblique part Posterior crico-arytenoid muscle Cricothyroid muscle Straight part Oblique part Posterior cricoarytentoid muscle (Ceratocricoid) Lateral crico-arytenoid muscle (Ceratocricoid) Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle Vocalis muscle Thyro-arytenoid Thyro-epiglottic part Oblique arytenoid muscle Vocalis muscle Thyroarytenoid muscle Thyroepiglottic part Oblique arytenoid muscle Pars aryepiglottica Musculus arytenoideus transversus Cavitas laryngis Aditus laryngis Plica aryepiglottica Tuberculum corniculatum Tuberculum cuneiforme Incisura interarytenoidea Vestibulum laryngis Plica vestibularis Rima vestibuli Ventriculus laryngis Ary-epiglottic part Transverse arytenoid muscle Aryepiglottic part Transverse arytenoid muscle Laryngeal cavity Laryngeal inlet Ary-epiglottic fold Corniculate tubercle Cuneiform tubercle Interarytenoid notch Laryngeal vestibule Vestibular fold Rima vestibuli Laryngeal ventricle Laryngeal cavity Laryngeal inlet Aryepiglottic fold Corniculate tubercle Cuneiform tubercle Interarytenoid notch Laryngeal vestibule Vestibular fold Rima vestibuli Laryngeal ventricle Sacculus laryngis Glottis Plica vocalis Rima glottidis Rima vocalis Pars intermembranacea Pars intercartilaginea Plica interarytenoidea Cavitas infraglottica Tunica mucosa Glandulae laryngea Membrana fibroelastica laryngis Laryngeal saccule Glottis Vocal fold Rima glottidis Intermembranous part Intercartilaginous part Interarytenoid fold Infraglottic cavity Mucosa Laryngeal glands Fibro-elastic membrane of larynx Quadrangular membrane Vestibular ligament Conus elasticus Vocal ligament TRACHEA Cervical part Thoracic part Tracheal cartilages Trachealis muscle Anular ligaments Membranous wall Laryngeal saccule Glottis Vocal fold Rima glottidis Intermembranous part Intercartilaginous part Interarytenoid fold Infraglottic cavity Mucosa Mucous membrane Laryngeal glands Fibroelastic membrane of larynx Membrana quadrangularis Ligamentum vestibulare Conus elasticus Ligamentum vocale TRACHEA Pars cervicalis Pars thoracica Cartilagines tracheales Musculus trachealis Ligamenta anularia Paries membranaceus Pars colli Ligamenta trachealia Quadrangular membrane Vestibular ligament Conus elasticus Vocal ligament TRACHEA Cervical part Thoracic part Tracheal cartilages Trachealis muscle Anular ligaments Membranous wall Part of thyroarytenoideus, so this should follow thryoarytenoideus muscle. Should arytenoideus muscle be considered as two separate entries, or a single muscle with oblique and transverse fibers? Tubercle of Wrisberg Sinus of Morgagni; Ventricle of Morgagni Cricovocal membrane Conus elasticus translates to conus elasticus. Bifurcatio tracheae Carina tracheae Tunica mucosa Glandulae tracheales BRONCHI Arbor bronchialis Bronchus principalis dexter Bronchus principalis sinister Bronchi lobares et segmentales Tracheal bifurcation Carina of trachea Mucosa Tracheal glands BRONCHI Bronchial tree Right main bronchus Left main bronchus Lobar and segmental bronchi Tracheal bifurcation Carina of trachea Mucosa Tracheal glands BRONCHI Bronchial tree Right main bronchus Left main bronchus Lobar and segmental bronchi Bronchus lobaris superior dexter Right superior lobar bronchus Right superior lobar bronchus Apical segmental bronchus Posterior segmental bronchus Anterior segmental bronchus Bronchus intermedius Apical segmental bronchus Posterior segmental bronchus Anterior segmental bronchus Bronchus intermedius Middle lobar bronchus Lateral segmental bronchus Medial segmental bronchus Right inferior lobar bronchus Superior segmental bronchus Medial basal segmental bronchus Anterior basal segmental bronchus Lateral basal segmental bronchus Posterior basal segmental bronchus Left superior lobar bronchus Middle lobar bronchus Lateral segmental bronchus Medial segmental bronchus Right inferior lobar bronchus Superior segmental bronchus Medial basal segmental bronchus Posterior basal segmental bronchus Left superior lobar bronchus Apicoposterior segmental bronchus Anterior segmental bronchus Superior lingular segmental bronchus Inferior lingular segmental bronchus Left inferior lobar bronchus Apicoposterior segmental bronchus Anterior segmental bronchus Superior lingular segmental bronchus Inferior lingular segmental bronchus Left inferior lobar bronchus Superior segmental bronchus Medial basal segmental bronchus (Anteromedial basal segmental bronchus) Anterior basal segmental bronchus Lateral basal segmental bronchus Posterior basal segmental bronchus Superior segmental bronchus Bronchus B6 Medial basal segmental bronchus Bronchus B7 Bronchus segmentalis apicalis Bronchus segmentalis posterior Bronchus segmentalis anterior Bronchus intermedius Bronchus lobaris medius Bronchus segmentalis lateralis Bronchus segmentalis medialis Bronchus lobaris inferior dexter Bronchus segmentalis superior Bronchus segmentalis basalis medialis Bronchus segmentalis basalis anterior Bronchus segmentalis basalis lateralis Bronchus segmentalis basalis posterior Bronchus lobaris superior sinister Bronchus B1 Bronchus B2 Bronchus B3 Bronchus B4 Bronchus B5 Bronchus B6 Bronchus B7; Bronchus cardiacus Bronchus B8 Bronchus B9 Bronchus B10 Bronchus segmentalis apicoposterior Bronchus segmentalis anterior Bronchus segmentalis lingularis superior Bronchus segmentalis lingularis inferior Bronchus lobaris inferior sinister Bronchus B1+2 Bronchus segmentalis superior Bronchus segmentalis basalis medialis; Bronchus cardiacus (Bronchus segmentalis basalis anteromedialis) Bronchus segmentalis basalis anterior Bronchus segmentalis basalis lateralis Bronchus segmentalis basalis posterior Bronchus B6 Bronchus B7 Bronchus B3 Bronchus B4 Bronchus B5 (Bronchus B7+8) Bronchus B8 Bronchus B9 Bronchus B10 Mucous membrane Bronchus B1 Bronchus B2 Bronchus B3 The intermediate bronchus is the term commonly used for the bronchus that gives rise to the middle and inferior lobe bronchi. Anterior basal segmental bronchus Lateral basal segmental bronchus Bronchus B1+2 Bronchus B3 Bronchus B4 Bronchus B5 (Anteromedial basal segmental (Bronchus B7+8) bronchus) Anterior basal segmental Bronchus B8 bronchus Lateral basal segmental bronchus Bronchus B9 Posterior basal segmental bronchus Bronchus B10 Anterior and medial basal segments are often fused in the left lower lobe. Bronchi intrasegmentales Tunica fibromusculocartilaginea Intrasegmental bronchi Intrasegmental bronchi Fibromusculocartilaginous layer Fibromusculocartilaginous layer Tela submucosa Tunica mucosa Glandulae bronchiales PULMONES Pulmo dexter Pulmo sinister Basis pulmonis Apex pulmonis Facies costalis Pars vertebralis Facies mediastinalis Impressio cardiaca Facies diaphragmatica Facies interlobaris Margo anterior Incisura cardiaca pulmonis sinistri Margo inferior Hilum pulmonis Radix pulmonis Lobus superior Lingula pulmonis sinistri Lobus medius pulmonis dextri Lobus inferior Fissura obliqua Fissura horizontalis pulmonis dextri Vasa sanguinea intrapulmonalia Segmenta bronchopulmonalia Pulmo dexter, lobus superior Segmentum apicale Segmentum posterius Segmentum anterius Segmentum laterale Segmentum mediale Segmentum superius Segmentum basale mediale Submucosa Mucosa Bronchial glands LUNGS Right lung Left lung Base of lung Apex of lung Costal surface Vertebral part Mediastinal surface Cardiac impression Diaphragmatic surface Interlobar surface Anterior border Cardiac notch of left lung Submucosa Mucosa Bronchial glands LUNGS Right lung Left lung Base of lung Apex of lung Costal surface Vertebral part Mediastinal surface Cardiac impression Diaphragmatic surface Interlobar surface Anterior border Cardiac notch of left lung Inferior border Hilum of lung Root of lung Superior lobe Lingula of left lung Middle lobe of right lung Inferior lobe Oblique fissure Horizontal fissure of right lung Inferior border Hilum of lung Root of lung Superior lobe Lingula of left lung Middle lobe of right lung Inferior lobe Oblique fissure Horizontal fissure of right lung Intrapulmonary blood vessels Bronchopulmonary segments Right lung, superior lobe Apical segment Posterior segment Anterior segment Lateral segment Medial segment Superior segment Medial basal segment Intrapulmonary blood vessels Bronchopulmonary segments Right lung, superior lobe Apical segment Posterior segment Anterior segment Lateral segment Medial segment Superior segment Medial basal segment Segment S1 Segment S2 Segment S3 Segment S4 Segment S5 Segment S6 Segment S7 Anterior basal segment Lateral basal segment Posterior basal segment Apicoposterior segment Anterior segment Superior lingular segment Inferior lingular segment Superior segment Anterior basal segment Lateral basal segment Posterior basal segment Apicoposterior segment Anterior segment Superior lingular segment Inferior lingular segment Superior segment Segment S8 Segment S9 Segment S10 Segment S1+2 Segment S3 Segment S4 Segment S5 Segment S6 Segmentum basale anterius Segmentum basale laterale Segmentum basale posterius Segmentum apicoposterius Segmentum anterius Segmentum lingulare superius Segmentum lingulare inferius Segmentum superius Segmentum S1 Segmentum S2 Segmentum S3 Segmentum S4 Segmentum S5 Segmentum S6 Segmentum S7; Segmentum cardiacum Segmentum S8 Segmentum S9 Segmentum S10 Segmentum S1+2 Segmentum S3 Segmentum S4 Segmentum S5 Segmentum S6 Mucous membrane Upper lobe Lower lobe Segmentum basale mediale (Segmentum basale anteromediale) Segmentum basale anterius Segmentum basale laterale Segmentum basale posterius Bronchioli Lobulus Cavitas thoracis Cavitas pleuralis Pleura Pleura visceralis Tunica serosa Tela subserosa Pleura parietalis Cupula pleurae Pars costalis Pars diaphragmatica Pars mediastinalis Tunica serosa Tela subserosa Recessus pleurales Recessus costodiaphragmaticus Recessus costomediastinalis Recessus phrenicomediastinalis Recessus vertebromediastinalis Ligamentum pulmonale Fascia endothoracica Membrana suprapleuralis Fascia phrenicopleuralis Mediastinum Mediastinum superius Mediastinum inferius Mediastinum anterius Mediastinum medium Mediastinum posterius Cavitas pericardiaca Systema urinarium REN Margo lateralis Margo medialis Hilum renis Sinus renis Facies anterior Facies posterior Polus superior Polus inferior Segmentum S7; Segmentum cardiacum (Segmentum S7+8) Medial basal segment Medial basal segment Segment S7 (Anteromedial basal segment) (Anteromedial basal segment) (Segment S7+8) Segmentum S8 Segmentum S9 Segmentum S10 Anterior basal segment Lateral basal segment Posterio basal segment Bronchioles Lobule Thoracic cavity Pleural cavity Pleura Visceral pleura Serosa Subserosa Parietal pleura Cervical pleura Costal part Diaphragmatic part Mediastinal part Serosa Subserosa Pleural recesses Costodiaphragmatic recess Anterior basal segment Lateral basal segment Posterio basal segment Bronchioles Lobule Thoracic cavity Pleural cavity Pleura Visceral pleura Serosa Subserosa Parietal pleura Cervical pleura Costal part Diaphragmatic part Mediastinal part Serosa Subserosa Pleural recesses Costodiaphragmatic recess Segment S8 Segment S9 Segment S10 Costomediastinal recess Phrenicomediastinal recess Vertebromediastinal recess Pulmonary ligament Endothoracic fascia Suprapleural membrane Phrenicopleural fascia Mediastinum Superior mediastinum Inferior mediastinum Anterior mediastinum Middle mediastinum Posterior mediastinum Pericardial cavity Urinary system KIDNEY Lateral border Medial border Hilum of kidney Renal sinus Anterior surface Posterior surface Superior pole Inferior pole Costomediastinal recess Phrenicomediastinal recess Vertebromediastinal recess Pulmonary ligament Endothoracic fascia Suprapleural membrane Phrenicopleural fascia Mediastinum Superior mediastinum Inferior mediastinum Anterior mediastinum Middle mediastinum Posterior mediastinum Pericardial cavity Urinary system KIDNEY Lateral border Medial border Hilum of kidney Renal sinus Anterior surface Posterior surface Superior pole Inferior pole Pleural sinus Cavitas thoracica Pleura pulmonalis Fascia parietalis thoracis NEPHROS Extremitas superior Extremitas inferior Anterior and medial basal segments are often fused in the left lower lobe. Thorax Pulmonary pleura Serous coat Subserous layer Visceral pleura reinforces the relationship of pleura to pericardium and peritoneum. Dome of pleura; Pleural cupula Serous coat Subserous layer Costophrenic sulcus; Pleural sinus Parietal fascia of thorax Cupula; Sibson's fascia Shouldn't the heart follow the pericardial cavity? Superior extremity Inferior extremity Fascia renalis Renal fascia Renal fascia Corpus adiposum pararenale Capsula adiposa Capsula fibrosa Lobi renales Cortex renalis Labyrinthus corticis Cortex corticis Radii medullares Columnae renales Pararenal fat body Perirenal fat capsule Fibrous capsule Kidney lobes Renal cortex Cortical labyrinth Cortex corticis Medullary rays Renal columns Pararenal fat body Perirenal fat capsule Fibrous capsule Kidney lobes Renal cortex Cortical labyrinth Cortex corticis Medullary rays Renal columns Medulla renalis Zona externa Stria externa Stria interna Fasciculi vasculares Regio interfascicularis Zona interna Papilla renalis Crista renalis Pyramides renales Area cribrosa Foramina papillaria Segmenta renalia Segmentum superius Segmentum anterius superius Segmentum anterius inferius Segmentum inferius Segmentum posterius Arteriae intrarenales Arteriae interlobares Arteriae arcuatae Arteriae interlobulares Arteriola glomerularis afferens Arteriola glomerularis efferens Arteriae perforantes radiatae Arteriolae rectae Rami capsulares Venae intrarenales Venae interlobares Venae arcuatae Venae interlobulares Venulae rectae Venae stellatae Pelvis renalis Typus dendriticus Calyces renales majores Calyx superior Renal medulla Outer zone Outer stripe Inner stripe Vascular bundles Interbundle region Inner zone Renal papilla Renal crest Renal pyramids Cribriform area Openings of papillary ducts Renal segments Superior segment Anterior superior segment Anterior inferior segment Inferior segment Posterior segment Intrarenal arteries Interlobar arteries Arcuate arteries Interlobular arteries Afferent glomerular arteriole Efferent glomerular arteriole Perforating radiate arteries Straight arterioles Capsular branches Intrarenal veins Interlobar veins Arcuate veins Interlobular veins Straight venules Stellate veins Renal pelvis Branching type Major calyces Superior calyx Renal medulla Outer zone Outer stripe Inner stripe Vascular bundles Interbundle region Inner zone Renal papilla Renal crest Renal pyramids Cribriform area Openings of papillary ducts Renal segments Superior segment Anterior superior segment Anterior inferior segment Inferior segment Posterior segment Intrarenal arteries Interlobar arteries Arcuate arteries Interlobular arteries Afferent glomerular arteriole Efferent glomerular arteriole Perforating radiate arteries Straight arterioles Capsular branches Intrarenal veins Interlobar veins Arcuate veins Interlobular veins Straight venules Stellate veins Renal pelvis Branching type Major calyces Superior calyx Arteriae corticales radiatae Vasa recta Venae corticales radiatae Gerota's fascia (anterior layer); Toldt's fascia; Fascia of Zuckerkandl (posterior layer) Paranephric fat Perinephric fat Ferrein's pyramids Cortical columns; Columns of Bertin Cortical radiate arteries Cortical radiate veins Most structures associated with the kidney use renal terminology. Most structures associated with the kidney use renal terminology. Calyx medius Calyx inferior Calyces renales minores (Typus ampullaris) Tunica adventitia Tunica muscularis Tunica mucosa URETER Pars abdominalis Pars pelvica Pars intramuralis Tunica adventitia Tunica muscularis Tunica mucosa VESICA URINARIA Apex vesicae Corpus vesicae Fundus vesicae Cervix vesicae Uvula vesicae Ligamentum umbilicale medianum Tunica serosa Tela subserosa Tunica muscularis Musculi trigoni vesicae Musculus trigoni vesicae superficialis Musculus trigoni vesicae profundus Musculus detrusor vesicae Pars nontratificata Pars cervicis vesicae Stratum longitudinale externum Stratum circulare Stratum longitudinale internum Musculus pubovesicalis Musculus rectovesicalis Musculus vesicoprostaticus ♂ Musculus vesicovaginalis ♀ Tela submucosa Tunica mucosa Trigonum vesicae Plica interureterica Ostium ureteris Ostium urethrae internum Urethra feminina Urethra masculina Collum vesicae Pars colli vesicae Middle calyx Inferior calyx Minor calyces (Ampullary type) Adventitia Muscular layer Mucosa URETER Abdominal part Pelvic part Intramural part Adventitia Muscular layer Mucosa URINARY BLADDER Apex of bladder Body of bladder Fundus of bladder Neck of bladder Uvula of bladder Median umbilical ligament Middle calyx Inferior calyx Minor calyces (Ampullary type) Adventitia Muscular layer Mucosa URETER Abdominal part Pelvic part Intramural part Adventitia Muscular layer Mucosa URINARY BLADDER Apex of bladder Body of bladder Fundus of bladder Neck of bladder Uvula of bladder Median umbilical ligament Serosa Subserosa Muscular layer Trigonal muscles Superficial trigone muscle Serosa Subserosa Muscular layer Trigonal muscles Superficial trigone muscle Deep trigone muscle Deep trigone muscle Detrusor muscle Unstratified part Bladder neck part External longitudinal layer Circular layer Internal longitudinal layer Pubovesicalis muscle Rectovesicalis muscle Vesicoprostaticus muscle ♂ Vesicovaginalis muscle ♀ Submucosa Mucosa Trigone of bladder Interureteric crest Ureteric orifice Internal urethral orifice Detrusor muscle Unstratified part Bladder neck part External longitudinal layer Circular layer Internal longitudinal layer Pubovesicalis muscle Rectovesicalis muscle Vesicoprostaticus muscle ♂ Vesicovaginalis muscle ♀ Submucosa Mucosa Trigone of bladder Interureteric crest Ureteric orifice Internal urethral orifice Female urethra Male urethra Female urethra Male urethra Muscular coat Mucous membrane Muscular coat Mucous membrane Urachus Serous coat Subserous layer Muscular coat Mucous membrane Lieutaud's trigone Interureteric fold; Mercier's bar Meatus urethrae internus; Internal Ostium is not used. Orifice is sometimes used. Meatus as an opening to a passageway is ubiquitous urethral meatus terminology. Thus, committee should decide on idea of making "Meatus urethrae internus" the official term, and drop the outdated, anachronistic "Ostium." Systemata genitalia Systema genitale femininum Systema genitale masculinum Organa genitalia feminina interna OVARIUM Hilum ovarii Facies medialis Facies lateralis Margo liber Margo mesovaricus Extremitas tubaria Extremitas uterina Tunica albuginea Stroma ovarii Cortex ovarii Medulla ovarii Folliculi ovarici vesiculosi Corpus rubrum Corpus luteum Corpus albicans Ligamentum ovarii proprium Ligamentum uteroovaricum Ligamentum suspensorium ovarii TUBA UTERINA Ostium abdominale tubae uterinae Infundibulum tubae uterinae Fimbriae tubae uterinae Fimbria ovarica Ampulla tubae uterinae Isthmus tubae uterinae Pars uterina Ostium uterinum tubae uterinae Tunica serosa Tela subserosa Tunica muscularis Tunica mucosa Plicae tubariae UTERUS Fundus uteri Corpus uteri Cornu uteri Margo uteri Facies posterior Cavitas uteri Facies anterior Ostium anatomicum uteri internum SALPINX Facies intestinalis Facies vesicalis Genital systems Female genital system Male genital system Female internal genitalia Genital systems Female genital system Male genital system Female internal genitalia OVARY Hilum of ovary Medial surface Lateral surface Free border Mesovarian border Tubal extremity Uterine extremity Tunica albuginea Ovarian stroma Ovarian cortex Ovarian medulla Vesicular ovarian follicles Corpus rubrum Corpus luteum Corpus albicans Proper ovarian ligament OVARY Hilum of ovary Medial surface Lateral surface Free border Mesovarian border Tubal extremity Uterine extremity Tunica albuginea Ovarian stroma Ovarian cortex Ovarian medulla Vesicular ovarian follicles Corpus rubrum Corpus luteum Corpus albicans Proper ovarian ligament Suspensory ligament of ovary Suspensory ligament of ovary UTERINE TUBE Abdominal ostium of uterine tube Infundibulum of uterine tube Fimbriae of uterine tube Ovarian fimbria Ampulla of uterine tube Isthmus of uterine tube Uterine part; Intramural part Uterine ostium of uterine tube Serosa Subserosa Muscular layer Mucosa Folds of uterine tube UTERUS Fundus of uterus Body of uterus Uterine horn Border of uterus Posterior surface Uterine cavity Anterior surface Anatomical internal os UTERINE TUBE Oviduct; Fallopian tube Abdominal ostium of uterine tube Infundibulum of uterine tube Fimbriae of uterine tube Ovarian fimbria Ampulla of uterine tube Isthmus of uterine tube Uterine part; Intramural part Uterine ostium of uterine tube Serosa Subserosa Muscular layer Mucosa Folds of uterine tube UTERUS Fundus of uterus Body of uterus Uterine horn Border of uterus Posterior surface Uterine cavity Anterior surface Anatomical internal os Graafian follicles Ligament of ovary; Round ligament of the ovary Infundibulopelvic ligament Serous coat Subserous layer Muscular coat Mucous membrane Intestinal surface Vesical surface Ligamentum ovarii proprium translates to Proper ovarian ligament. Ligamentum suspensorium ovarii translates to Suspensory ligament of ovary. Cervix uteri Portio supravaginalis cervicis Isthmus uteri Ostium histologicum uteri internum Portio vaginalis cervicis Ostium uteri Labium anterius Labium posterius Canalis cervicis uteri Plicae palmatae Glandulae cervicales Parametrium Paracervix Perimetrium Tela subserosa Myometrium Musculus rectouterinus Endometrium Glandulae uterinae Ligamentum teres uteri Cervix of uterus Supravaginal part Isthmus of uterus Histological internal os Cervix of uterus Supravaginal part Isthmus of uterus Histological internal os Vaginal part External os of uterus Anterior lip Posterior lip Cervical canal Palmate folds Cervical glands Parametrium Paracervix Perimetrium Subserosa Myometrium Recto-uterine muscle Endometrium Uterine glands Round ligament of uterus Vaginal part External os of uterus Anterior lip Posterior lip Cervical canal Palmate folds Cervical glands Parametrium Paracervix Perimetrium Subserosa Myometrium Rectouterine muscle Endometrium Uterine glands Round ligament of uterus Pubocervical ligament Cardinal ligament Pubocervical ligament Cardinal ligament Uterosacral ligament Uterosacral ligament VAGINA Fornix vaginae Pars anterior Pars posterior Pars lateralis Paries anterior Paries posterior Hymen Carunculae hymenales Tunica muscularis Tunica mucosa Rugae vaginales Columnae rugarum Columna rugarum anterior Columna rugarum posterior Carina urethralis vaginae Tunica spongiosa Epoophoron VAGINA Vaginal fornix Anterior part Posterior part Lateral part Anterior wall Posterior wall Hymen Hymenal caruncles Muscular layer Mucosa Vaginal rugae Vaginal columns Anterior vaginal column Posterior vaginal column Urethral carina of vagina Spongy layer Epoophoron VAGINA Vaginal fornix Anterior part Posterior part Lateral part Anterior wall Posterior wall Hymen Hymenal caruncles Muscular layer Mucosa Vaginal rugae Vaginal columns Anterior vaginal column Posterior vaginal column Urethral carina of vagina Spongy layer Epoophoron Ductus longitudinalis Longitudinal duct Longitudinal duct Ductuli transversi Transverse ductules Transverse ductules Ligamentum pubocervicale Ligamentum cardinale Ligamentum uterosacrale Tunica serosa Tuncia muscularis Tunica mucosa Ligamentum transversum cervicis Ligamentum rectouterinum Serosa; Serous coat Subserous layer Recto-uterinus Ligament of Hunter; Hunter's ligament Transverse cervical ligament; Lateral cervical ligament; Mackenrodt's ligament Rectouterine ligament; RectoUterosacral ligament is commonly used, so the Latin equivalent should be listed. uterine ligament; Ligament of Petit Vault of vagina; vaginal vault Muscular coat Mucous membrane Organ of Rosenmüller, Organ of Rosenmuller Gartner's duct; Gärtner's duct; Malpighian canal Appendices vesiculosae Paroophoron (Ductus deferens vestigialis) Organa genitalia feminina externa PUDENDUM FEMININUM Mons pubis Labium majus pudendi Commissura labiorum anterior Commissura labiorum posterior Rima pudendi Labium minus pudendi Frenulum labiorum pudendi Preputium clitoridis Frenulum clitoridis Vestibulum vaginae Fossa vestibuli vaginae Bulbus vestibuli Commissura bulborum Ostium vaginae Glandula vestibularis major Vesicular appendices Paroophoron (Vestige of ductus deferens) Female external genitalia Vesicular appendices Paroophoron (Vestige of ductus deferens) Female external genitalia Hydatid of Morgagni Kobelt's tubules PUDENDUM Mons pubis Labium majus Anterior commissure Posterior commissure Pudendal cleft Labium minus Frenulum of labia minora Prepuce of clitoris Frenulum of clitoris Vestibule of vagina Vestibular fossa Bulb of vestibule Commissure of bulbs Vaginal orifice Greater vestibular gland PUDENDUM Mons pubis Labium majus Anterior commissure Posterior commissure Pudendal cleft Labium minus Frenulum of labia minora Prepuce of clitoris Frenulum of clitoris Vestibule of vagina Vestibular fossa Bulb of vestibule Commissure of bulbs Vaginal orifice Greater vestibular gland VULVA Glandulae vestibulares minores Clitoris Crus clitoridis Corpus clitoridis Glans clitoridis Corpus cavernosum clitoridis Septum corporum cavernosorum Lesser vestibular glands Clitoris Crus of clitoris Body of clitoris Glans of clitoris Corpus cavernosum of clitoris Septum of corpora cavernosa Lesser vestibular glands Clitoris Crus of clitoris Body of clitoris Glans of clitoris Corpus cavernosum of clitoris Septum of corpora cavernosa Fascia clitoridis Ligamentum suspensorium clitoridis Ligamentum fundiforme clitoridis Urethra feminina Ostium urethrae internum Fascia of clitoris Suspensory ligament of clitoris Fascia of clitoris Suspensory ligament of clitoris Fundiform ligament of clitoris Fundiform ligament of clitoris Female urethra Internal urethral orifice Female urethra Internal urethral orifice Pars intramuralis Crista urethralis Ostium urethrae externum Musculus sphincter urethrae externus Tunica muscularis Stratum circulare M. sphincter urethrae internus Intramural part Urethral crest External urethral orifice External urethral sphincter muscle Muscular layer Circular layer Internal urethral sphincter muscle Longitudinal layer Spongy layer Mucosa Intramural part Urethral crest External urethral orifice External urethral sphincter muscle Muscular layer Circular layer Internal urethral sphincter muscle Stratum longitudinale Tunica spongiosa Tunica mucosa VULVA Longitudinal layer Spongy layer Mucosa Fourchette Vaginal vestibule Bartholin's gland; Duverney's gland, Tiedemann's gland Meatus urethrae internus; Internal Ostium is not used. Orifice is sometimes used. Meatus as an opening to a passageway is ubiquitous urethral meatus terminology. Thus, committee should decide on idea of making "Meatus urethrae internus" the official term, and drop the outdated, anachronistic "Ostium." Urethral meatus Muscle of Wilson; Guthrie's muscle Muscular coat Mucous membrane Glandulae urethrales Lacunae urethrales Glandulae paraurethrales Ductus paraurethrales Organa genitalia masculina interna TESTIS Polus superior Polus inferior Facies lateralis Facies medialis Margo anterior Margo posterior Tunica vaginalis testis Lamina parietalis Lamina visceralis Ligamentum epididymidis superius Ligamentum epididymidis inferius Sinus epididymidis Tunica serosa Tela subserosa Tunica albuginea Tunica vasculosa Mediastinum testis Septula testis Lobuli testis Parenchyma testis Tubuli seminiferi contorti Urethral glands Urethral lacunae Para-urethral glands Para-urethral ducts Male internal genitalia Urethral glands Urethral lacunae Paraurethral glands Paraurethral ducts Male internal genitalia TESTIS Superior pole Inferior pole Lateral surface Medial surface Anterior border Posterior border Tunica vaginalis testis Parietal layer Visceral layer Superior ligament of epididymis TESTIS Superior pole Inferior pole Lateral surface Medial surface Anterior border Posterior border Tunica vaginalis testis Parietal layer Visceral layer Superior ligament of epididymis Inferior ligament of epididymis Inferior ligament of epididymis Sinus of epididymis Serosa Subserosa Tunica albuginea Vascular layer Mediastinum of testis Septa testis Lobules of testis Parenchyma of testis Convoluted seminiferous tubules Sinus of epididymis Serosa Subserosa Tunica albuginea Vascular layer Mediastinum of testis Septa testis Lobules of testis Parenchyma of testis Convoluted seminiferous tubules Straight tubules Rete testis Efferent ductules EPIDIDYMIS Head of epididymis Lobules of epididymis Body of epididymis Tail of epididymis Duct of epididymis Aberrant ductules (Superior aberrant ductules) (Inferior aberrant ductule) Appendix of testis Straight tubules Rete testis Efferent ductules EPIDIDYMIS Head of epididymis Lobules of epididymis Body of epididymis Tail of epididymis Duct of epididymis Aberrant ductules (Superior aberrant ductules) (Inferior aberrant ductule) Appendix of testis (Appendix epididymidis) (PARADIDYMIS) (Appendix of epididymis) (PARADIDYMIS) (Appendix of epididymis) (PARADIDYMIS) FUNICULUS SPERMATICUS SPERMATIC CORD SPERMATIC CORD Fascia spermatica externa External spermatic fascia External spermatic fascia Tubuli recti Rete testis Ductuli efferentes testis EPIDIDYMIS Caput epididymidis Lobuli epididymidis Corpus epididymidis Cauda epididymidis Ductus epididymidis Ductuli aberrantes (Ductulus aberrans superior) (Ductulus aberrans inferior) Appendix testis ORCHIS Extremitas superior Extremitas inferior Coni epididymidis Glands of Littré; Glands of Littre Skene's glands Skene's ducts Upper pole Lower pole Serous coat Subserous layer Body of Highmore Seminiferous tubules Haller's rete Conical lobules of epididymis (Haller's aberrant ductule) Appendix of Morgagni; Hydatid of Morgagni (Organ of Giraldès; Organ of Giraldes; Waldeyer's organ) The paraurethral glands should be listed. Musculus cremaster Fascia cremasterica Fascia spermatica interna (Vestigium processus vaginalis) DUCTUS DEFERENS Cremaster muscle Cremasteric fascia Internal spermatic fascia (Vestige of processus vaginalis) DUCTUS DEFERENS Cremaster muscle Cremasteric fascia Internal spermatic fascia (Vestige of processus vaginalis) DUCTUS DEFERENS Pars scrotalis Pars funicularis Pars inguinalis Pars pelvica Ampulla ductus deferentis Diverticula ampullae Tunica adventitia Tunica muscularis Tunica mucosa GLANDULA SEMINALIS Scrotal part Funicular part Inguinal part Pelvic part Ampulla of ductus deferens Diverticula of ampulla Adventitia Muscular layer Mucosa SEMINAL GLAND Scrotal part Funicular part Inguinal part Pelvic part Ampulla of ductus deferens Diverticula of ampulla Adventitia Muscular layer Mucosa SEMINAL GLAND Adventitia Muscular layer Mucosa Excretory duct Ejaculatory duct PROSTATE Adventitia Muscular layer Mucosa Excretory duct Ejaculatory duct PROSTATE Base of prostate Peri-urethral glandular zone of prostate Base of prostate Periurethral glandular zone of prostate Transitional zone of prostate Peripheral zone of prostate Apex of prostate Anterior surface of prostate Posterior surface of prostate Lateral surface of prostate Posterolateral surface of prostate Transitional zone of prostate Peripheral zone of prostate Apex of prostate Anterior surface of prostate Posterior surface of prostate Lateral surface of prostate Posterolateral surface of prostate Inferolateral surface of prostate GLANDULA VESICULOSA; VESICULA SEMINALIS Tunica adventitia Tunica muscularis Tunica mucosa Ductus excretorius Ductus ejaculatorius PROSTATA Basis prostatae Zona glandularum periurethralium prostatae Zona transitionalis prostatae Zona peripherica prostatae Apex prostatae Facies anterior prostatae Facies posterior prostatae Facies lateralis prostatae Facies posterolateralis prostatae Pars glandularum periurethralium prostatae Pars transitionalis prostatae Pars peripheralis prostatae Facies inferolateralis prostatae Partes lateral prostatae [dexter et sinister] Lobi prostatae dexter et sinister (Lobus medius prostatae) Commissura anterior prostatae (Isthmus prostatae); Commissura prostatae Capsula prostatae Fascia prostatae Fascia prostatoseminovesicularis Lateral parts of prostate [right and left] Right and left lobes of prostate (Middle lobe of prostate) Anterior commissure of prostate Parenchyma glandulae prostatae Ductuli prostatici Parenchyma of prostate gland Prostatic ducts Muscle of Riolan Tunica vaginalis communis VAS DEFERENS Ductus deferens translates to Ductus deferens; vas deferens is an antiquated term referring to a vessel. Ampulla of vas deferens Vas deferens is an antiquated term referring to a vessel. Muscular coat Mucous membrane SEMINAL VESICLE Muscular coat Mucous membrane Prostate gland Base of prostate gland Periurethral gland zone; Periurethral glandular part; Periurethral gland zone; Peri-urethral glandular part Transitional part of prostate Peripheral part of prostate Apex of prostate gland Lateral parts of prostate [right and left] Right and left lobes of prostate (Middle lobe of prostate) Albarran's gland Anterior commissure of prostate (Isthmus of prostate); Commissure of prostate Capsule of prostate Capsule of prostate Fascia of prostate Fascia of prostate Prostato-seminal vesicular fascia Prostato-seminal vesicular fascia Denonvilliers' fascia Parenchyma of prostate gland Prostatic ducts Adding GLANDULA and Gland to Prostate was debated. Adding it would bring prostate gland into line with other glands and is analogous to adding nerve, artery, muscle, etc. Terminology modification suggested by Myers et al. 2010 Terminology modification suggested by Myers et al. 2010 Terminology modification suggested by Myers et al. 2010 Terminology modification suggested by Myers et al. 2010 Terminology modification suggested by Myers et al. 2010 Terminology modification suggested by Myers et al. 2010 Terminology modification suggested by Myers et al. 2010 Terminology modification suggested by Myers et al. 2010 Stroma fibromuscularis prostatae Fibromuscular tissue of prostate Fibromuscular tissue of prostate Musculus puboprostaticus Musculus vesicoprostaticus GLANDULA BULBOURETHRALIS Ductus glandulae bulbourethralis Puboprostaticus muscle Puboprostaticus muscle Vesicoprostaticus muscle Vesicoprostaticus muscle BULBO-URETHRAL GLAND BULBOURETHRAL GLAND Cowper's gland; Glands of Mery Duct of bulbo-urethral gland; Duct of bulbourethral gland Duct of Cowper's gland Organa genitalia masculina externa PENIS Radix penis Corpus penis Crus penis Dorsum penis Facies urethralis Glans penis Corona glandis Septum glandis Collum glandis Preputium penis Frenulum preputii Raphe penis Corpus cavernosum penis Corpus spongiosum penis Bulbus penis Tunica albuginea corporum cavernosorum Tunica albuginea corporis spongiosi Septum penis Trabeculae corporum cavernosorum Trabeculae corporis spongiosi Male external genitalia Male external genitalia PENIS Root of penis Body of penis Crus of penis Dorsum of penis Urethral surface Glans penis Corona of glans Septum of glans Neck of glans Prepuce Frenulum Raphe of penis Corpus cavernosum penis Corpus spongiosum penis Bulb of penis Tunica albuginea of corpora cavernosa Tunica albuginea of corpus spongiosum Septum penis Trabeculae of corpora cavernosa PENIS Root of penis Body of penis Crus of penis Dorsum of penis Urethral surface Glans penis Corona of glans Septum of glans Neck of glans Prepuce Foreskin Frenulum Frenum Raphe of penis Corpus cavernosum penis Corpus spongiosum penis Corpus cavernosum urethrae Bulb of penis Tunica albuginea of corpora cavernosa Tunica albuginea of corpus spongiosum Septum penis Trabeculae of corpora cavernosa Trabeculae of corpus spongiosum Cavernous spaces of corpora cavernosa Cavernous spaces of corpus spongiosum Helicine arteries Cavernous veins Deep fascia of penis Suspensory ligament of penis Trabeculae of corpus spongiosum Cavernous spaces of corpora cavernosa Cavernous spaces of corpus spongiosum Helicine arteries Cavernous veins Deep fascia of penis Suspensory ligament of penis Superficial fascia of penis Superficial fascia of penis Fundiform ligament of penis Preputial glands MALE URETHRA Fundiform ligament of penis Preputial glands MALE URETHRA Cavernae corporum cavernosorum Cavernae corporis spongiosi Arteriae helicinae Venae cavernosae Fascia penis profunda Ligamentum suspensorium penis Fascia superficialis penis Ligamentum fundiforme penis Glandulae preputiales URETHRA MASCULINA Tela subcutanea penis Terminology modification suggested by Myers et al. 2010 Deep penile fascia; Buck's fascia Superficial penile fascia; Subcutaneous tissue of penis; Colles' fascia Glands of Tyson Deep penile fascia should have a term, as does subcutaneous tissue of the penis. Meatus urethrae internum Ostium urethrae internum Internal urethral orifice Internal urethral orifice Internal urethral meatus Pars intramuralis Pars preprostatica Intramural part Intramural part Preprostatic part Pars prostatica Pars proximalis Pars distalis Crista urethralis Colliculus seminalis Utriculus prostaticus Prostatic urethra Proximal part Distal part Urethral crest Seminal colliculus Prostatic utricle Prostatic urethra Proximal part Distal part Urethral crest Seminal colliculus Prostatic utricle Posterior urethra Sinus prostaticus Tunica muscularis Stratum circulare Musculus sphincter urethrae internus Prostatic sinus Muscular layer Circular layer Internal urethral sphincter muscle Para-urethral ducts Muscular layer Longitudinal layer Mucosa External urethral orifice Prostatic sinus Muscular layer Muscular coat Circular layer Internal urethral sphincter muscle Supracollicular sphincter muscle; Preprostatic sphincter muscle; Lissosphincter muscle Longitudinal layer Mucosa Mucous membrane External urethral sphincter Muscle of Wilson; Guthrie's muscle muscle; Rhabdosphincter muscle Membranous urethra Intermediate part of urethra Muscular layer Muscular coat Longituindal layer Mucosa Mucous membrane Spongy urethra Penile urethra; Anterior urethra Navicular fossa Fossa of Morgagni (Valve of navicular fossa) Guérin's valve; Guerin's valve Urethral lacunae Lacunae of Morgagni Urethral glands Paraurethral glands Skene's glands; Glands of Morgagni; Glands of Littré; Glands of Littre Paraurethral ducts Skene's ducts Muscular layer Muscular coat Longitudinal layer Mucosa Mucous membrane External urethral orifice External urethral meatus SCROTUM Raphe scroti Tunica dartos scroti SCROTUM Raphe of scrotum Dartos fascia of scrotum SCROTUM Raphe of scrotum Dartos fascia of scrotum Septum scroti Musculus dartos scroti Organa genitalia feminina externa Organa genitalia masculina externa Septum of scrotum Dartos muscle of scrotum Female external genitalia Septum of scrotum Dartos muscle of scrotum Female external genitalia Male external genitalia Male external genitalia Stratum longitudinale Tunica mucosa Musculus sphincter urethrae externus Pars membranacea Tunica muscularis Stratum longitudinale Tunica mucosa Pars spongiosa Fossa navicularis urethrae (Valvula fossae navicularis) Lacunae urethrales Glandulae urethrales Glandulae paraurethrales Ductus paraurethrales Tunica muscularis Stratum longitudinale Tunica mucosa Meatus urethrae externum Musculus sphincter supracollicularis Pars intermedia Ostium urethrae externum Longitudinal layer Mucosa External urethral sphincter muscle Membranous urethra Muscular layer Longituindal layer Mucosa Spongy urethra Navicular fossa (Valve of navicular fossa) Urethral lacunae Urethral glands Para-urethral glands Ostium is not used. Orifice is sometimes used. Meatus as an opening to a passageway is ubiquitous terminology. Thus, committee should decide on idea of making "Meatus urethrae internus" the official term, and drop the outdated, anachronistic "Ostium." # Ian Whitmore suggests using Preprostatic part to match the potential change in Internal and External urethral sphincter terminology. Verumontanum Uterus masculinius; Vagina masculina Superficial fascia of scrotum; Colles' fascia # Ian Whitmore suggests using Preprostatic sphincter and Rhabdosphincter for Internal and External urethral sphincter, which is logical. # Ian Whitmore suggests using Preprostatic sphincter and Rhabdosphincter for Internal and External urethral sphincter, which is logical. The paraurethral glands should be listed. Ostium is not used. Orifice is sometimes used. Meatus as an opening to a passageway is ubiquitous terminology. Thus, committee should decide on idea of making "Meatus urethrae externus" the official term, and drop the outdated, anachronistic "Ostium." Raphe perinei Musculi perinei Musculus regionis analis Musculus sphincter ani externus Musculi regionis urogenitalis Corpus perineale Centrum perinei Perineal raphe Perineal muscles Muscle of anal triangle External anal sphincter muscle Muscles of urogenital triangle Perineal body Perineal raphe Perineal muscles Muscle of anal triangle External anal sphincter muscle Muscles of urogenital triangle Perineal body Ligamentum anococcygeum Fascia superficialis perinei Corpus anococcygeum Tela subcutanea perinei Anococcygeal ligament Superficial fascia of perineum Anococcygeal ligament Superficial fascia of perineum Stratum membranosum Saccus subcutaneus perinei Spatium superficiale perinei Membranous layer Subcutaneous perineal pouch Compartimentum superficiale Superficial perineal space perinei Fascia perinei; Fascia Deep perineal fascia investiens perinei superficialis Fascia profunda perinei Membranous layer Subcutaneous perineal pouch Superficial perineal space Deep perineal fascia Perineal center; Central tendinous Centrum perinei translates to Perineal center and has been called the central tendinous point. point Anococcygeal body Superficial perineal fascia; Subcutaneous tissue of perineum Colles' fascia Superficial perineal pouch; Superficial perineal compartment Perineal fascia; Superficial investing fascia of perineum; Gallaudet's fascia Theile's muscle # Ian Whitmore suggests the use of "pouch" here and the other perineal spaces Deep perineal pouch # Ian Whitmore suggests the use of "pouch" here and the other perineal spaces Musculus transversus perinei superficialis Musculus ischiocavernosus Musculus bulbospongiosus Spatium profundum perinei Saccus profundus perinei Membrana perinei Ligamentum transversum perinei ♂ Superficial transverse perineal muscle Ischiocavernosus muscle Bulbospongiosus muscle Deep perineal space Perineal membrane Transverse perineal ligament ♂ Superficial transverse perineal muscle Ischiocavernosus muscle Bulbospongiosus muscle Deep perineal space Perineal membrane Transverse perineal ligament ♂ Musculus transversus perinei profundus ♂ Musculus sphincter urethrae externus ♂ Musculus sphincter urethrae externus ♀ Musculus compressor urethrae ♀ Deep transverse perineal muscle ♂ External urethral sphincter muscle ♂ External urethral sphincter muscle ♀ Compressor urethrae muscle ♀ Deep transverse perineal muscle ♂ External urethral sphincter muscle ♂ External urethral sphincter muscle ♀ Compressor urethrae muscle ♀ Musculus sphincter urethrovaginalis ♀ Fossa ischioanalis Corpus adiposum fossae ischioanalis Recessus anterior fossae ischioanalis Canalis pudendus Cavitas abdominis et pelvis Cavitas abdominis Cavitas pelvis Spatium extraperitoneale Spatium retroperitoneale Spatium retropubicum Spatium retroinguinale Cavitas peritonealis Peritoneum Tunica serosa Sphincter urethrovaginalis muscle ♀ Ischio-anal fossa; Fat body of ischio-anal fossa Sphincter urethrovaginalis muscle ♀ Ischioanal fossa Ischiorectal fossa Fat body of ischioanal fossa Anterior recess of ischio-anal fossa Pudendal canal Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity Extraperitoneal space Retroperitoneal space Retropubic space Retro-inguinal space Peritoneal cavity Peritoneum Serosa Anterior recess of ischioanal fossa Pudendal canal Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity Extraperitoneal space Retroperitoneal space Retropubic space Retroinguinal space Peritoneal cavity Peritoneum Serosa Cavitas abdominalis Cavitas pelvina Preurethral ligament of Waldeyer; Ligament of Winslow; Ligament of Krause Muscle of Wilson; Guthrie's muscle Muscle of Wilson; Guthrie's muscle Alcock's canal Cave of Retzius Space of Bogros Serous coat Friedrich Wilhelm Theile 1801-1879 Tela subserosa Peritoneum parietale Peritoneum viscerale Mesenterium Radix mesenterii Mesocolon Mesocolon transversum Ligamentum pancreaticocolicum Subserosa; subserous layer Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum Mesentery Root of mesentery Mesocolon Transverse mesocolon Pancreaticocolic ligament Subserosa; subserous layer Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum Mesentery Root of mesentery Mesocolon Transverse mesocolon Pancreaticocolic ligament (Mesocolon ascendens) (Mesocolon descendens) Mesocolon sigmoideum Mesoappendix Omentum minus Ligamentum hepatophrenicum Ligamentum hepatooesophageum (Ascending mesocolon) (Descending mesocolon) Sigmoid mesocolon Meso-appendix Lesser omentum Hepatophrenic ligament Hepato-oesophageal ligament (Ascending mesocolon) (Descending mesocolon) Sigmoid mesocolon Mesoappendix Lesser omentum Hepatophrenic ligament Hepatoesophageal ligament Ligamentum hepatogastricum Ligamentum hepatoduodenale (Ligamentum hepatocolicum) Omentum majus Ligamentum gastrophrenicum Ligamentum gastrosplenicum Plica presplenica Ligamentum gastrocolicum Hepatogastric ligament Hepatoduodenal ligament (Hepatocolic ligament) Greater omentum Gastrophrenic ligament Gastrosplenic ligament Presplenic fold Gastrocolic ligament Hepatogastric ligament Hepatoduodenal ligament (Hepatocolic ligament) Greater omentum Gastrophrenic ligament Gastrosplenic ligament Presplenic fold Gastrocolic ligament (Plica gastroomentalis) (Gastro-omental fold) (Gastroomental fold) Praecinctorium omentale Omental apron Omental apron Ligamentum phrenicosplenicum Ligamentum splenorenale Ligamentum lienorenale Ligamentum pancreaticosplenicum Ligamentum pancreaticocolicum Phrenicosplenic ligament Splenorenal ligament Pancreaticosplenic ligament Phrenicosplenic ligament Splenorenal ligament Pancreaticosplenic ligament Pancreaticocolic ligament Pancreaticocolic ligament Ligamentum splenocolicum Ligamentum phrenicocolicum Ligamenta hepatis Splenocolic ligament Splenocolic ligament Lienocolic ligament Phrenicocolic ligament Phrenicocolic ligament Peritoneal attachments of liver Peritoneal attachments of liver Ligamentum coronarium Ligamentum falciforme Ligamentum triangulare dextrum Coronary ligament Falciform ligament Right triangular ligament Coronary ligament Falciform ligament Right triangular ligament Ligamentum triangulare sinistrum Ligamentum hepatorenale Recessus, fossae et plicae Bursa omentalis Left triangular ligament Left triangular ligament Hepatorenal ligament Recesses, fossae and folds Omental bursa Hepatorenal ligament Recesses, fossae and folds Omental bursa Ligamentum gastrolienale subserous layer Gastrolienal ligament (Gastroomental fold of Morgenstern) Phrenicolienal ligament Lienorenal ligament Pancreaticolienal ligament Epiploic bursa; Lesser sac Lien is antiquated terminology. Gastrocolic ligament always exists, connecting greater curvature of the stomach with the transverse colon to which it fuses during development. This term should not be in parentheses. Gastro-omental fold is an occasional additional, more anteroinferiorly placed connection between spleen and transverse colon. Praecinctorium means linen belt in Latin (PS). Although the pendulous portion of the greater omentum is often called the greater omentum, this part of the greater omentum should be designated as the omental apron. Lien is antiquated terminology. Foramen omentale Omental foramen Omental foramen Recessus ileocaecalis inferior Plica ileocaecalis Vestibule Superior recess Inferior recess Splenic recess Gastropancreatic fold Hepatopancreatic fold Duodenojejunal fold Superior duodenal fossa Duodenomesocolic fold Inferior duodenal fossa (Paraduodenal fold) (Paraduodenal recess) (Retroduodenal recess) Intersigmoid recess Superior ileocaecal recess Vascular fold of caecum; vascular caecal fold Inferior ileocaecal recess Ileocaecal fold Vestibule Superior recess Inferior recess Splenic recess Gastropancreatic fold Hepatopancreatic fold Duodenojejunal fold Superior duodenal fossa Duodenomesocolic fold Inferior duodenal fossa (Paraduodenal fold) (Paraduodenal recess) (Retroduodenal recess) Intersigmoid recess Superior ileocecal recess Vascular fold of cecum; vascular cecal fold Inferior ileocecal recess Ileocecal fold Recessus retrocaecalis Plicae caecales Sulci paracolici Recessus subphrenicus Recessus subhepaticus Recessus hepatorenalis Retrocaecal recess Caecal folds Paracolic gutters Subphrenic space Subhepatic space Hepatorenal recess Retrocecal recess Cecal folds Paracolic gutters Subphrenic space Subhepatic space Hepatorenal recess Trigonum cystohepaticum Cystohepatic triangle Cystohepatic triangle Plica umbilicalis mediana Fossa supravesicalis Plica umbilicalis medialis Fossa inguinalis medialis Trigonum inguinale Plica umbilicalis lateralis Plica epigastrica Fossa inguinalis lateralis Peritoneum urogenitale Fossa paravesicalis Plica vesicalis transversa Excavatio vesicouterina ♀ Ligamentum latum uteri ♀ Mesometrium ♀ Mesosalpinx ♀ Mesovarium ♀ Trigonum parietale laterale pelvis ♀ Fossa ovarica ♀ Ligamentum suspensorium ovarii ♀ Median umbilical fold Supravesical fossa Medial umbilical fold Medial inguinal fossa Inguinal triangle Lateral umbilical fold Lateral inguinal fossa Urogenital peritoneum Paravesical fossa Transverse vesical fold Vesico-uterine pouch ♀ Broad ligament of uterus ♀ Mesometrium ♀ Mesosalpinx ♀ Mesovarium ♀ Pelvic lateral wall triangle ♀ Median umbilical fold Supravesical fossa Medial umbilical fold Medial inguinal fossa Inguinal triangle Lateral umbilical fold Lateral inguinal fossa Urogenital peritoneum Paravesical fossa Transverse vesical fold Vesicouterine pouch ♀ Broad ligament of uterus ♀ Mesometrium ♀ Mesosalpinx ♀ Mesovarium ♀ Pelvic lateral wall triangle ♀ Ovarian fossa ♀ Suspensory ligament of ovary Ovarian fossa ♀ Suspensory ligament of ovary Vestibulum Recessus superior Recessus inferior Recessus splenicus Plica gastropancreatica Plica hepatopancreatica Plica duodenojejunalis Recessus duodenalis superior Plica duodenomesocolica Recessus duodenalis inferior (Plica paraduodenalis) (Recessus paraduodenalis) (Recessus retroduodenalis) Recessus intersigmoideus Recessus ileocaecalis superior Plica caecalis vascularis Foramen epiploicum Recessus lienalis Plica duodenalis superior Plica duodenalis inferior Epiploic foramen; Foramen of Winslow Epiploic is antiquated terminology. Superior duodenal fold Inferior duodenal fold Posterior cecal fold; Superior ileocecal fold Inferior ileocecal fold; Bloodless fold of Treves Pouch of Morison; Morison's pouch Cystohepatic trigone; Triangle of Calot Medial umbilical fold Supravesical fovea This is sometimes referred to as lateral umbilical fold clinically. Medial inguinal fovea Hesselbach's triangle Epigastric fold Lateral inguinal fovea Infundibulopelvic ligament Ligamentum suspensorium ovarii translates to Suspensory ligament of ovary. Plica rectouterina ♀ Excavatio rectouterina ♀ Excavatio rectovesicalis ♂ Plica rectovesicala ♂ Fossa pararectalis Glandulae endocrinae Glandula pituitaria Lobus anterior Pars tuberalis Pars intermedia Pars distalis Lobus posterior Infundibulum Lobus nervosus Glandula pinealis Glandula thyroidea Lobus Isthmus glandulae thyroideae (Lobus pyramidalis) (Glandulae thyroideae accessoriae) Capsula fibrosa Stroma Parenchyma Lobuli Glandula parathyroidea Glandula parathyroidea superior Glandula parathyroidea inferior (Glandulae parathyroideae accessoriae) Glandula suprarenalis Facies anterior Facies posterior Facies renalis Margo superior Margo medialis Cortex Medulla Hilum Vena centralis (Glandulae suprarenales accessoriae) Insulae pancreaticae Systema cardiovasculare Vas sanguineum Anastomosis arteriovenosa Arteria Arteria nutricia Arteriola Hypophysis Adenohypophysis Neurohypophysis Pars nervosa Corpus pineale Anastomosis arteriolovenularis Arteria nutriens Recto-uterine fold ♀ Recto-uterine pouch ♀ Recto-vesical pouch ♂ Recto-vesical fold ♂ Pararectal fossa Endocrine glands Pituitary gland Anterior lobe Pars tuberalis Pars intermedia Pars distalis; Pars anterior Posterior lobe Infundibulum Neural lobe Pineal gland Thyroid gland Lobe Isthmus of thyroid gland (Pyramidal lobe) (Accessory thyroid glands) Rectouterine fold ♀ Rectouterine pouch ♀ Rectovesical pouch ♂ Rectovesical fold ♂ Pararectal fossa Endocrine glands Pituitary gland Anterior lobe Pars tuberalis Pars intermedia Pars distalis; Pars anterior Posterior lobe Infundibulum Neural lobe Pineal gland Thyroid gland Lobe Isthmus of thyroid gland (Pyramidal lobe) (Accessory thyroid glands) Fold of Douglas Pouch of Douglas Fibrous capsule Stroma Parenchyma Lobules Parathyroid gland Superior parathyroid gland Inferior parathyroid gland (Accessory parathyroid glands) Fibrous capsule Stroma Parenchyma Lobules Parathyroid gland Superior parathyroid gland Inferior parathyroid gland (Accessory parathyroid glands) Suprarenal gland Anterior surface Posterior surface Renal surface Superior border Medial border Cortex Medulla Hilum Central vein (Accessory suprarenal glands) Suprarenal gland Anterior surface Posterior surface Renal surface Superior border Medial border Cortex Medulla Hilum Central vein (Accessory suprarenal glands) Adrenal gland Pancreatic islets Cardiovascular system Blood vessel Arteriovenous anastomosis Pancreatic islets Cardiovascular system Blood vessel Arteriovenous anastomosis Islets of Langerhans Artery Nutrient artery Arteriole Artery Nutrient artery Arteriole Rectovesical fold should be designated. Hypophysis Adenohypophysis Neurohypophysis Pars nervosa Pineal body (Lallouette's pyramid) Arteriolovenular anastomosis Adrenal gland is antiquated terminology. # Ian Whitmore suggests Arteriolovenular anastomosis because these occur at the arteriole and venule level. Circulus arteriosus Circulus vasculosus Cisterna Haema Plexus vasculosus Plexus venosus Rete arteriosum Rete mirabile Rete vasculosum articulare Rete venosum Sinus venosus Tunica externa Tunica intima Tunica media Valva Valvula Foliolum Valvula venosa Vas anastomoticum Vas capillare Vas collaterale Vas sinusoideum Vasa vasorum Vasa nervorum Vena Vena comitans Vena cutanea Vena emissaria Vena nutricia Vena profunda Vena superficialis Venula Vas lymphaticum Vas lymphaticum superficiale Vas lymphaticum profundum Plexus lymphaticus Valvula lymphatica Lympha Vas lymphocapillare Rete lymphocapillare Cor Basis cordis Facies anterior Facies inferior Facies dextra Facies sinistra Margo dexter Apex cordis Sanguis Cuspis Vena nutriens Facies sternocostalis Facies diaphragmatica Facies pulmonalis dextra Facies pulmonalis sinistra Arterial circle Vascular circle Cistern Blood Vascular plexus Venous plexus Arterial plexus Rete mirabile Articular vascular plexus Venous plexus Sinus venosus Tunica externa Tunica intima Tunica media Valve Valve Leaflet Arterial circle Vascular circle Cistern Blood Vascular plexus Venous plexus Arterial plexus Rete mirabile Articular vascular plexus Venous plexus Sinus venosus Tunica externa Tunica intima Tunica media Valve Valve Leaflet Venous valve Anastomotic vessel Capillary Collateral vessel Sinusoid Vasa vasorum Vessels of nerves Vein Vena comitans Cutaneous vein Emissary vein Nutrient vein Deep vein Superficial vein Venule Lymphatic vessel Superficial lymph vessel Deep lymph vessel Lymphatic plexus Lymphatic valvule Lymph Lymphatic capillary Lymphatic rete Heart Base of heart Anterior surface Inferior surface Right surface Left surface Right border Apex of heart Venous valve Anastomotic vessel Capillary Collateral vessel Sinusoid Vasa vasorum Vessels of nerves Vein Vena comitans Cutaneous vein Emissary vein Nutrient vein Deep vein Superficial vein Venule Lymphatic vessel Superficial lymph vessel Deep lymph vessel Lymphatic plexus Lymphatic valvule Lymph Lymphatic capillary Lymphatic rete Heart Base of heart Anterior surface Inferior surface Right surface Left surface Right border Apex of heart Cusp Sternocostal surface Diaphragmatic surface Right pulmonary surface Left pulmonary surface Valva and valvula mean valve. Cusp means "pointed end where two curves meet" and thus commisura is synonymous to cuspis and commissure to cusp. Unfortunately, cusp has been a commonly misused term for leaflet in the literature. Incisura apicis cordis Sulcus interventricularis anterior Notch of cardiac apex Anterior interventricular sulcus Notch of cardiac apex Anterior interventricular sulcus Anterior longitudinal sulcus Sulcus interventricularis inferior Sulcus interventricularis posterior Inferior interventricular sulcus Inferior interventricular sulcus Posterior interventricular sulcus; Posterior longitudinal sulcus Sulcus coronarius Ventriculus cordis dexter Ventriculus cordis sinister Septum interventriculare Pars muscularis Pars membranacea Septum atrioventriculare Atrium cordis dextrum Atrium cordis sinistrum Auricula atrii Septum interatriale Trabeculae apicales Trabeculae apicales crassae Sulcus atrioventricularis Coronary sulcus Right ventricle Left ventricle Interventricular septum Muscular part Membranous part Atrioventricular septum Right atrium Left atrium Auricle Interatrial septum Apical trabeculations Coarse apical trabeculations Atrioventricular sulcus Trabeculae carneae Trabeculae carneae Coronary sulcus Right ventricle Left ventricle Interventricular septum Muscular part Membranous part Atrioventricular septum Right atrium Left atrium Auricle Interatrial septum Apical trabeculations Coarse apical trabeculations Trabecula apicalis subtilis Trabeculae carneae Fine apical trabeculations Fine apical trabeculations Vortex of heart Papillary muscles Chordae tendineae False chordae tendineae Right fibrous trigone Left fibrous trigone Right fibrous ring Left fibrous ring Tendon of infundibulum Tendon of inferior pyramidal space Vortex of heart Papillary muscles Chordae tendineae False chordae tendineae Right fibrous trigone Left fibrous trigone Right fibrous ring Left fibrous ring Tendon of infundibulum Tendon of inferior pyramidal space Vortex cordis Musculi papillares Chordae tendineae Chordae tendineae spuriae Trigonum fibrosum dextrum Trigonum fibrosum sinistrum Anulus fibrosus dexter Anulus fibrosus sinister Tendo infundibuli Tendo spatii pyramidalis inferioris Chordae tendineae falsae Tendo valvulae venae cavae inferioris Auricular appendage Trabeculae carneae Trabeculae carneae (right Ho SY and Nihoyannopoulos P. Heart. Apr 2006; 92(Suppl 1): Anatomy, echocardiography, and ventricle) normal right ventricular dimensions. Trabeculae carneae (left ventricle) Tendinous cords Tendon of valve of inferior vena cava; Tendon of Todaro Trigonum nodi atrioventricularis Triangle of atrioventricular node Triangle of atrioventricular node Koch's triangle Atrium dextrum Auricula dextra Vestibulum atrii dextri Right atrium Right auricle Vestibule of right atrium Right atrium Right auricle Vestibule of right atrium Pars venosa systemica Corpus Crista terminalis Foramina venarum minimarum Systemic venous component Body Crista terminalis Openings of smallest cardiac veins Fossa ovalis Limbus fossae ovalis (Foramen ovale) Pectinate muscles Opening of coronary sinus Systemic venous component Body Crista terminalis Openings of smallest cardiac veins Fossa ovalis Limbus fossae ovalis (Foramen ovale) Pectinate muscles Opening of coronary sinus Fossa ovalis Limbus fossae ovalis (Foramen ovale cordis) Musculi pectinati Ostium sinus coronarii Farré J, et al. Cardiac anatomy for the interventional arrhythmologist: I.Terminology and fluoroscopic projections/Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2010 Apr;33(4):497-507. Anderson and Loukas. The importance of attitudinally appropriate description of cardiac anatomy. Clin Anat. 2009 Jan;22(1):4751. Coronary sulcus is commonly referred to as the atrioventricular sulcus. Mori et al. Clin Anat. 2015 Oct;28(7):878-87.Clinical structural anatomy of the inferior pyramidal space reconstructed from the living heart: Three-dimensional visualization using multidetector-row computed tomography. Correction of error in original TA. Right atrial appendage and vestibule: further anatomical insights with implications for invasive electrophysiology. Ueda A, et al. Europace. 2013 May;15(5):728-34. Openings of Thebesian veins Oval fossa Border of oval fossa (Botallo's foramen) Ostium venae cavae inferioris Ostium venae cavae superioris Sinus venarum cavarum Sulcus terminalis cordis Plica interatrialis venae cavae inferioris Isthmus cavotricuspidalis Opening of inferior vena cava Opening of superior vena cava Sinus of venae cavae Sulcus terminalis Interatrial fold of inferior vena cava Cavotricuspid isthmus Opening of inferior vena cava Opening of superior vena cava Sinus of venae cavae Sulcus terminalis Interatrial fold of inferior vena cava Cavotricuspid isthmus Valvula venae cavae inferioris Valvula sinus coronarii Spatium pyramidale inferius Valve of inferior vena cava Valve of coronary sinus Inferior pyramidal space Valve of inferior vena cava Valve of coronary sinus Inferior pyramidal space Ventriculus dexter Ostium atrioventriculare dextrum Right ventricle Right atrioventricular orifice Right ventricle Right atrioventricular orifice Right atrioventricular valve Anterosuperior leaflet Inferior leaflet Septal leaflet Hinge of right atrioventricular valve Supraventricular crest Mural limb of supraventricular crest Septal limb of supraventricular crest Conus arteriosus Opening of pulmonary trunk Pulmonary valve Right adjacent semilunar leaflet Tricuspid valve Anterior cusp Posterior cusp Septal cusp Hinge of tricuspid valve Valvula semilunaris dextra Right atrioventricular valve Anterosuperior leaflet Inferior leaflet Septal leaflet Hinge of right atrioventricular valve Supraventricular crest Mural limb of supraventricular crest Septal limb of supraventricular crest Conus arteriosus Opening of pulmonary trunk Pulmonary valve Right adjacent semilunar leaflet Valvula semilunaris sinistra Left adjacent semilunar leaflet Left adjacent semilunar leaflet Left semilunar cusp Valvula semilunaris anterior Non-adjacent semilunar leaflet Non-adjacent semilunar leaflet Anterior semilunar cusp Noduli valvularum semilunarium Nodules of semilunar leaflets Nodules of semilunar leaflets Bodies of Arantius; Nodules of Arantius; Nodules of Morgagni, Nodules of Valsalva Lunulae valvularum semilunarium Commissurae valvularum semilunarium Trigonum interfoliolare Lunules of semilunar leaflets Lunules of semilunar leaflets Commissures of semilunar leaflets Interleaflet triangle Commissures of semilunar leaflets Interleaflet triangle Junctio sinutubularis Sinutubular junction Sinutubular junction Junctio atrioventricularis Junctio ventriculoarterialis Pars influens Pars trabecularis apicalis Atrioventricular junction Ventriculoarterial junction Inlet component Apical trabecular component Atrioventricular junction Ventriculoarterial junction Inlet component Apical trabecular component Valva atrioventricularis dextra Foliolum anterosuperius Foliolum inferius Foliolum septale Cardo valvae atrioventricularis dextrae Crista supraventricularis Crus murale cristae supraventricularis Crus septale cristae supraventricularis Conus arteriosus Ostium trunci pulmonalis Valva trunci pulmonalis Valvula semilunaris adjacens dextra Valvula semilunaris adjacens sinistra Valvula semilunaris nonadjacens Valva tricuspidalis Cuspis anterior Cuspis posterior Cuspis septalis Cardo valvae tricuspidalis Pars aditus Lower's tubercle Subthebesian isthmus Intervenous tubercle of Lower: true tubercle or normal interatrial fold? Loukas M, et al. Clin Anat. 2012 Sep;25(6):729-36 Radiology. 2008 Jun;247(3):658-68. Right atrial cavotricuspid isthmus: anatomic characterization with multi-detector row CT. Saremi F, et al. Eustachian valve Thebesian valve Mori et al. Clin Anat. 2015 Oct;28(7):878-87.Clinical structural anatomy of the inferior pyramidal space reconstructed from the living heart: Three-dimensional visualization using multidetector-row computed tomography. The supraventricular crest is typically described as having mural and septal limbs. The supraventricular crest is typically described as having mural and septal limbs. Infundibulum; Pulmonary conus Right semilunar In vitro study of the aortic interleaflet triangle reshaping. Vismara R, Leopaldi AM, Mangini A, Romagnoni C, Contino M, Antona C, Fiore GB. J Biomech. 2014 Jan 22;47(2):329-33. The clinical anatomy of the sinutubular junction. Loukas M, Wartmann CT, Tubbs RS, Apaydin N, Louis RG Jr, Easter L, Black B, Jordan R. Anat Sci Int. 2009 Apr;84(1-2):27-33 Pars diverticulum Heart. Apr 2006; 92(Suppl 1): Anatomy, echocardiography, and normal right ventricular dimensions S Y Ho and P Nihoyannopoulos Pars effluens Musculus papillaris anterior Musculus papillaris inferior Pars exitus Outlet component Anterior papillary muscle Musculus papillaris posterior Inferior papillary muscle Outlet component Anterior papillary muscle Inferior papillary muscle Posterior papillary muscle Musculus papillaris septalis Trabecula septomarginalis Septal papillary muscle Septomarginal trabecula Septal papillary muscle Septomarginal trabecula Crus parietale trabeculae septomarginalis Crus anterius trabeculae septomarginalis Trabeculae apicales crassae Parietal limb of septomarginal trabecula Anterior limb of septomarginal trabecula Coarse apical trabeculations Parietal limb of septomarginal trabecula Anterior limb of septomarginal trabecula Coarse apical trabeculations Atrium sinistrum Auricula sinistra Musculi pectinati Vestibulum atrii sinistri Left atrium Left auricle Pectinate muscles Vestibule of left atrium Left atrium Left auricle Pectinate muscles Vestibule of left atrium Pars venosa pulmonalis Corpus Manulea pulmonalis Pulmonary venous component Body Pulmonary sleeve Pulmonary venous component Body Pulmonary sleeve Ostia venarum pulmonalium Valvula foraminis ovalis Ventriculus sinister Ostrium atrioventriculare sinistrum Valva atrioventricularis sinistra Foliolum aorticum Foliolum murale Margo dentatus folioli Foliolum commissurale Cardo valvae atrioventricularis sinistrae Musculus papillaris superoposterior Musculus papillaris inferoseptalis Openings of pulmonary veins Valve of foramen ovale Left ventricle Left atrioventricular orifice Openings of pulmonary veins Valve of foramen ovale Left ventricle Left atrioventricular orifice Left atrioventricular valve Aortic leaflet Mural leaflet Scalloped edge of leaflet Commissural leaflet Hinge of left atrioventricular valve Superoposterior papillary muscle Left atrioventricular valve Aortic leaflet Mural leaflet Scalloped edge of leaflet Commissural leaflet Hinge of left atrioventricular valve Superoposterior papillary muscle Mitral valve Anterior cusp Posterior cusp Inferoseptal papillary muscle Posterior papillary muscle Aortic vestibule Aortic orifice Fine apical trabeculation Aortic vestibule Aortic orifice Fine apical trabeculation Trabeculae carneae (left ventricle) Inlet component Apical trabecular component Inlet component Apical trabecular component Outlet component Sinutubular junction Outlet component Sinutubular junction Atrioventricular junction Ventriculoarterial junction Aortic valve Right coronary leaflet Atrioventricular junction Ventriculoarterial junction Aortic valve Right coronary leaflet Vestibulum aortae Ostium aortae Trabecula apicalis subtilis Trabeculae carneae Valva mitralis Cuspis anterior Cuspis posterior Cardo valvae mitralis Musculus papillaris anterior Musculus papillaris posterior Inferoseptal papillary muscle Trabeculae carneae Pars influens Pars trabecularis apicalis Pars aditus Pars effluens Junctio sinutubularis Pars exitus Junctio atrioventricularis Junctio ventriculoarterialis Valva aortae Foliolum coronarium dextrum Valvula semilunaris dextra Septal papillary muscle of the infundibulum; medial papillary muscle Moderator band; Leonardo's cord; da Vinci's cord Parietal limb of moderator band Anterior limb of moderator band Trabeculae carneae (right ventricle) Ho SY and Nihoyannopoulos P. Heart. Apr 2006; 92(Suppl 1): Anatomy, echocardiography, and normal right ventricular dimensions. Ho SY, et al., Anatomy of the left atrium for interventional echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2011 Oct;12(10):i11-5. Mechanical function of left atrium and pulmonary vein sleeves before and after their antrum isolation. Mamchur S, et al. Medicina (Kaunas). 2014;50(6):353-9 Hinge of mitral valve Terms should be singular. # Ian Whitmore suggests that mitral should be embraced or eliminated consistently Anterior papillary muscle Heart. Apr 2006; 92(Suppl 1): Anatomy, echocardiography, and normal right ventricular dimensions S Y Ho and P Nihoyannopoulos The clinical anatomy of the sinutubular junction. Loukas M, Wartmann CT, Tubbs RS, Apaydin N, Louis RG Jr, Easter L, Black B, Jordan R. Anat Sci Int. 2009 Apr;84(1-2):27-33 Right semilunar cusp Foliolum coronarium sinistrum Foliolum nonadjacens Valvula semilunaris sinistra Left coronary leaflet Valvula semilunaris posterior; Non-adjacent leaflet Valvula non coronaria Left coronary leaflet Non-adjacent leaflet Left semilunar cusp Posterior semilunar cusp; Noncoronary cusp Bodies of Arantius; Nodules of Morgagni, Nodules of Valsalva Lunules of semilunar cusps Noduli foliolorum semilunarium Noduli valvularum semilunarium Lunulae foliolorum Lunulae valvularum seminlunarium seminlunarium Commissurae valvularum Commissurae valvularum semilunarium semilunarium Trigonum interfoliolare Nodules of semilunar leaflets Nodules of semilunar leaflets Lunules of semilunar leaflets Lunules of semilunar leaflets Commissures of semilunar leaflets Interleaflet triangle Commissures of semilunar leaflets Interleaflet triangle Endocardium Myocardium Systema conducens cordis Nodus sinuatrialis Endocardium Myocardium Conducting system of heart Sinu-atrial node Endocardium Myocardium Conducting system of heart Sinuatrial node Nodus atrioventricularis Atrioventricular node Atrioventricular node Fasciculus atrioventricularis Crus dextrum Crus sinistrum Rami subendocardiales Cavitas pericardiaca Sinus transversus pericardii Sinus obliquus pericardii Pericardium Pericardium fibrosum Ligamenta sternopericardiaca Atrioventricular bundle Right bundle Left bundle Subendocardial branches Pericardial cavity Transverse pericardial sinus Oblique pericardial sinus Pericardium Fibrous pericardium Sternopericardial ligaments Atrioventricular bundle Right bundle Left bundle Subendocardial branches Pericardial cavity Transverse pericardial sinus Oblique pericardial sinus Pericardium Fibrous pericardium Sternopericardial ligaments Membrana bronchopericardiaca Pericardium serosum Lamina parietalis Lamina visceralis Tunica serosa Tela subserosa Plica venae cavae superioris sinistrae Arteriae TRUNCUS PULMONALIS Sinus trunci pulmonalis Crista supravalvularis Bifurcatio trunci pulmonalis Arteria pulmonalis dextra Arteriae lobares superiores Arteria segmentalis apicalis Arteria segmentalis anterior Ramus ascendens Ramus descendens Arteria segmentalis posterior Ramus ascendens Bronchopericardial membrane Serous pericardium Parietal layer Visceral layer Serosa Subserosa; subserous layer Fold of left superior vena cava Bronchopericardial membrane Serous pericardium Parietal layer Visceral layer Serosa Subserosa; subserous layer Fold of left superior vena cava Arteries PULMONARY TRUNK Sinus of pulmonary trunk Supravalvular ridge Bifurcation of pulmonary trunk Right pulmonary artery Superior lobar arteries Apical segmental artery Anterior segmental artery Ascending branch Descending branch Posterior segmental artery Ascending branch Arteries PULMONARY TRUNK Sinus of pulmonary trunk Supravalvular ridge Bifurcation of pulmonary trunk Right pulmonary artery Superior lobar arteries Apical segmental artery Anterior segmental artery Ascending branch Descending branch Posterior segmental artery Ascending branch Complexus stimulans cordis Epicardium Commissures of semilunar cusps In vitro study of the aortic interleaflet triangle reshaping. Vismara R, Leopaldi AM, Mangini A, Romagnoni C, Contino M, Antona C, Fiore GB. J Biomech. 2014 Jan 22;47(2):329-33. Flack's node; Node of Keith-Flack; Koch's node Node of Tawara; Aschoff-Tawara node Bundle of His; Kent's bundle Purkinje fibers Thiele's canal These should be listed as superior and inferior, and they should not be indented under fibrous pericardium. Epicardium Serous coat subserous layer This is the fold made by the remnant of the left superior vena cava. Ramus descendens Arteria lobaris media Arteria segmentalis medialis Arteria segmentalis lateralis Arteriae lobares inferiores Arteria segmentalis superior Pars basalis Arteria segmentalis basalis anterior Arteria segmentalis basalis lateralis Arteria segmentalis basalis medialis Arteria segmentalis basalis posterior Arteria pulmonalis sinistra Ligamentum arteriosum (Ductus arteriosus) Arteriae lobares superiores Arteria segmentalis apicalis Arteria segmentalis anterior Ramus ascendens Ramus descendens Arteria segmentalis posterior Ramus ascendens Ramus descendens Arteria lingularis Arteria lingularis inferior Arteria lingularis superior Arteriae lobares inferiores Arteria segmentalis superior Pars basalis Arteria segmentalis basalis anterior Arteria segmentalis basalis lateralis Arteria segmentalis basalis medialis Arteria segmentalis basalis posterior AORTA Aorta ascendens Pars ascendens aortae Sinus aortae Sinus aortae dexter Sinus aortae posterior Sinus aortae sinister Crista supravalvularis Bulbus aortae Arteria coronaria dextra Rami atrioventriculares Ramus coni arteriosi Descending branch Middle lobar artery Medial segmental artery Lateral segmental artery Inferior lobar arteries Superior segmental artery Basal part Anterior basal segmental artery Descending branch Middle lobar artery Medial segmental artery Lateral segmental artery Inferior lobar arteries Superior segmental artery Basal part Anterior basal segmental artery Lateral basal segmental artery Lateral basal segmental artery Medial basal segmental artery Medial basal segmental artery Posterior basal segmental artery Posterior basal segmental artery Left pulmonary artery Ligamentum arteriosum (Ductus arteriosus) Superior lobar arteries Apical segmental artery Anterior segmental artery Ascending branch Descending branch Posterior segmental artery Ascending branch Descending branch Lingular artery Inferior lingular artery Superior lingular artery Inferior lobar arteries Superior segmental artery Basal part Anterior basal segmental artery Left pulmonary artery Ligamentum arteriosum (Ductus Ligament of Botallo (Botallo's arteriosus) duct); Harvey's ligament Superior lobar arteries Apical segmental artery Anterior segmental artery Ascending branch Descending branch Posterior segmental artery Ascending branch Descending branch Lingular artery Inferior lingular artery Superior lingular artery Inferior lobar arteries Superior segmental artery Basal part Anterior basal segmental artery Lateral basal segmental artery Lateral basal segmental artery Medial basal segmental artery Medial basal segmental artery Posterior basal segmental artery Posterior basal segmental artery AORTA Ascending aorta Aortic sinus Right aortic sinus Posterior aortic sinus Left aortic sinus Supravalvular ridge Aortic bulb Right coronary artery Atrioventricular branches Conal branch AORTA Ascending aorta Aortic sinus Right aortic sinus Posterior aortic sinus Left aortic sinus Supravalvular ridge Aortic bulb Right coronary artery Atrioventricular branches Conal branch Sinus of Valsalva Sinus of Valsalva Sinus of Valsalva Sinus of Valsalva Conus branch The three aortic sinuses should be listed. The three aortic sinuses should be listed. The three aortic sinuses should be listed. The three aortic sinuses should be listed. Ramus nodi sinuatrialis Rami atriales Ramus marginalis dexter Ramus atrialis intermedius Ramus interventricularis inferior Sinu-atrial nodal branch Atrial branches Right marginal branch Intermediate atrial branch Inferior interventricular branch Sinuatrial nodal branch Atrial branches Right marginal branch Intermediate atrial branch Inferior interventricular branch Rami interventriculares septales Ramus nodi atrioventricularis (Ramus posterolateralis dexter) Arteria coronaria sinistra Ramus interventricularis anterior Interventricular septal branches Atrioventricular nodal branch (Right posterolateral branch) Left coronary artery Anterior interventricular branch Interventricular septal branches Atrioventricular nodal branch (Right posterolateral branch) Left coronary artery Anterior interventricular branch Conus branch Diagonal branch Interventricular septal branches Circumflex branch Atrial anastomotic branch Atrioventricular branches Left marginal branch Intermediate atrial branch Posterior left ventricular branch Conus branch Diagonal branch Interventricular septal branches Circumflex branch Atrial anastomotic branch Atrioventricular branches Left marginal branch Intermediate atrial branch Posterior left ventricular branch (Sinu-atrial nodal branch) (Atrioventricular nodal branch) Atrial branches Aortic arch (Aortic isthmus) Para-aortic bodies (Sinuatrial nodal branch) (Atrioventricular nodal branch) Atrial branches Aortic arch (Aortic isthmus) Paraaortic bodies Brachiocephalic trunk (Thyroidea ima artery) Common carotid artery Carotid body Carotid sinus Carotid bifurcation External carotid artery Superior thyroid artery Infrahyoid branch Sternocleidomastoid branch Superior laryngeal artery Cricothyroid branch Anterior glandular branch Posterior glandular branch Lateral glandular branch Ascending pharyngeal artery Posterior meningeal artery Pharyngeal branches Inferior tympanic artery (Linguofacial trunk) Lingual artery Brachiocephalic trunk (Thyroidea ima artery) Common carotid artery Carotid body Carotid sinus Carotid bifurcation External carotid artery Superior thyroid artery Infrahyoid branch Sternocleidomastoid branch Superior laryngeal artery Cricothyroid branch Anterior glandular branch Posterior glandular branch Lateral glandular branch Ascending pharyngeal artery Posterior meningeal artery Pharyngeal branches Inferior tympanic artery (Linguofacial trunk) Lingual artery Ramus coni arteriosi Ramus diagonalis Rami interventriculares septales Ramus circumflexus Ramus atrialis anastomoticus Rami atrioventriculares Ramus marginalis sinister Ramus atrialis intermedius Ramus posterior ventriculi sinistri (Ramus nodi sinuatrialis) (Ramus nodi atrioventricularis) Rami atriales Arcus aortae (Isthmus aortae) Corpora paraaortica Truncus brachiocephalicus (Arteria thyroidea ima) Arteria carotis communis Glomus caroticum Sinus caroticus Bifurcatio carotidis Arteria carotis externa Arteria thyroidea superior Ramus infrahyoideus Ramus sternocleidomastoideus Arteria laryngea superior Ramus cricothyroideus Ramus glandularis anterior Ramus glandularis posterior Ramus glandularis lateralis Arteria pharyngea ascendens Arteria meningea posterior Rami pharyngei Arteria tympanica inferior (Truncus linguofacialis) Arteria lingualis Ramus lateralis Glomera aortica Posterior descending artery; PDA Left anterior descending artery; LAD Lateral branch Ramus translates to branch. Posterior artery of the left ventricle Arch of aorta Aortic glomera; Bodies of Zuckerkandl Innominate artery Ramus suprahyoideus Rami dorsales linguae Arteria sublingualis Arteria profunda linguae Arteria facialis Arteria palatina ascendens Ramus tonsillaris Arteria submentalis Rami glandulares Arteria labialis inferior Arteria labialis superior Ramus septi nasi Ramus lateralis nasi Arteria angularis Arteria occipitalis Ramus mastoideus Ramus auricularis Rami sternocleidomastoidei Rami occipitales (Ramus meningeus) Ramus descendens Arteria auricularis posterior Arteria stylomastoidea Arteria tympanica posterior Rami mastoidei (Ramus stapedius) Ramus auricularis Ramus occipitalis Ramus parotideus Arteria temporalis superficialis Suprahyoid branch Dorsal lingual branches Sublingual artery Deep lingual artery Facial artery Ascending palatine artery Tonsillar branch Submental artery Glandular branches Inferior labial artery Superior labial artery Nasal septal branch Lateral nasal branch Angular artery Occipital artery Mastoid branch Auricular branch Sternocleidomastoid branches Occipital branches (Meningeal branch) Descending branch Posterior auricular artery Stylomastoid artery Posterior tympanic artery Mastoid branch (Stapedial branch) Auricular branch Occipital branch Parotid branch Superficial temporal artery Suprahyoid branch Dorsal lingual branches Sublingual artery Deep lingual artery Facial artery Ascending palatine artery Tonsillar branch Submental artery Glandular branches Inferior labial artery Superior labial artery Nasal septal branch Lateral nasal branch Angular artery Occipital artery Mastoid branch Auricular branch Sternocleidomastoid branches Occipital branches (Meningeal branch) Descending branch Posterior auricular artery Stylomastoid artery Posterior tympanic artery Mastoid branch (Stapedial branch) Auricular branch Occipital branch Parotid branch Superficial temporal artery Ramus parotideus Arteria transversa faciei Rami auriculares anteriores Arteria zygomaticoorbitalis Arteria temporalis media Ramus frontalis Ramus parietalis Arteria maxillaris Arteria auricularis profunda Arteria tympanica anterior Arteria alveolaris inferior Rami dentales Rami peridentales Ramus mentalis Ramus mylohyoideus Arteria meningea media Ramus accessorius Parotid branch Transverse facial artery Anterior auricular branches Zygomatico-orbital artery Middle temporal artery Frontal branch Parietal branch Maxillary artery Deep auricular artery Anterior tympanic artery Inferior alveolar artery Dental branches Peridental branches Mental branch Mylohyoid branch Middle meningeal artery Accessory branch Parotid branch Transverse facial artery Anterior auricular branches Zygomaticoorbital artery Middle temporal artery Frontal branch Parietal branch Maxillary artery Deep auricular artery Anterior tympanic artery Inferior alveolar artery Dental branches Peridental branches Mental branch Mylohyoid branch Middle meningeal artery Accessory branch Ramus frontalis Frontal branch Frontal branch External maxillary artery Arteria translates to artery. Arteria translates to artery. Internal maxillary artery Pterygomeningeal artery; Accessory meningeal artery Ramus orbitalis Ramus parietalis Ramus petrosus Arteria tympanica superior Ramus anastomoticus lacrimalis Arteria masseterica Arteria temporalis profunda anterior Arteria temporalis profunda posterior Rami pterygoidei Arteria buccalis Arteria alveolaris superior posterior Rami dentales Rami peridentales Arteria infraorbitalis Arteriae alveolares superiores mediae Arteriae alveolares superiores anteriores Rami dentales Rami peridentales Arteria canalis pterygoidei Ramus pharyngeus Arteria palatina descendens Arteria palatina major Arteriae palatinae minores Ramus pharyngeus Arteria sphenopalatina Arteriae nasales posteriores laterales Rami septales posteriores Arteriae encephali Orbital branch Parietal branch Petrosal branch Superior tympanic artery Anastomotic branch with lacrimal artery Masseteric artery Anterior deep temporal artery Posterior deep temporal artery Posterior deep temporal artery Pterygoid branches Pterygoid branches Buccal artery Buccal artery Posterior superior alveolar artery Posterior superior alveolar artery Circulus arteriosus cerebri Arteria carotis interna Arteria cerebri anterior Arteria communicans anterior Arteria cerebri media Arteria communicans posterior Arteria basilaris Arteria cerebri posterior Systema caroticum Arteria carotis interna Pars cervicalis Sinus caroticus Orbital branch Parietal branch Petrosal branch Superior tympanic artery Anastomotic branch with lacrimal artery Masseteric artery Anterior deep temporal artery Segmentum C1 Dental branches Peridental branches Infra-orbital artery Middle superior alveolar arteries Dental branches Peridental branches Infraorbital artery Middle superior alveolar arteries Anterior superior alveolar arteries Dental branches Peridental branches Artery of pterygoid canal Pharyngeal branch Descending palatine artery Greater palatine artery Lesser palatine arteries Pharyngeal branch Sphenopalatine artery Posterior lateral nasal arteries Anterior superior alveolar arteries Posterior septal branches Arteries of brain Posterior septal branches Arteries of brain Cerebral arterial circle Internal carotid artery Anterior cerebral artery Anterior communicating artery Middle cerebral artery Posterior communicating artery Basilar artery Posterior cerebral artery Carotid system Cerebral arterial circle Internal carotid artery Anterior cerebral artery Anterior communicating artery Middle cerebral artery Posterior communicating artery Basilar artery Posterior cerebral artery Carotid system Internal carotid artery Cervical part Carotid sinus Internal carotid artery Cervical part Carotid sinus Dental branches Peridental branches Artery of pterygoid canal Pharyngeal branch Descending palatine artery Greater palatine artery Lesser palatine arteries Pharyngeal branch Sphenopalatine artery Posterior lateral nasal arteries Middle superior alveolar artery typically supplies the upper premolar teeth and gingiva. Vidian artery Circle of Willis Here, the various arteries to the brain are listed according to their blood flow as Carotid and Vertebrobasilar systems. Although somewhat redundant, the components of the Circulus arteriosus cerebri are listed here. Sylvian artery Here, the various arteries to the brain are listed according to their blood flow as Carotid and Vertebrobasilar systems. C1 Segment See Footnote 12. (Arteria hypoglossa persistens) (Arteria primitiva hypoglossi) (Persistent hypoglossal artery) (Persistent hypoglossal artery) Pars petrosa Arteriae caroticotympanicae Arteria canalis pterygoidei (Arteria stapedia persistens) Segmentum C2 (Arteria primitiva stapedia) Petrous part Caroticotympanic arteries Artery of pterygoid canal (Persistent stapedial artery) Petrous part Caroticotympanic arteries Artery of pterygoid canal (Persistent stapedial artery) (Arteria otica persistens) (Arteria primitiva otica) (Persistent otic artery) (Persistent otic artery) Pars lacera Pars cavernosa Truncus caroticocavernosus posterior Ramus meningeus Arteria caroticocavernosa medialis Ramus basalis tentorii Ramus fossae hypophysialis Ramus dorsi sellae Rami clivales Ramus sinus cavernosi medialis Arteria caroticocavernosa posterior Rami clivales Ramus canalis abducentis Rami petrosi posteriores Arteria caroticocavernosa superior Rami petrosi anteriores Rami petrosi posteriores Rami pori trigemini Ramus sinus cavernosi lateralis Truncus caroticocavernosus lateralis Ramus marginalis tentorii Segmentum C3 Segmentum C4 Truncus posterior Cavernous part Cavernous part Posterior caroticocavernous trunk Meningeal branch Medial caroticocavernous artery Cavernous part C3 Segment Cavernous part C4 Segment Posterior caroticocavernous trunk Posterior trunk; Ramus meningohypophysialis Meningeal branch Medial caroticocavernous artery Tentorial basal branch Branch to hypophysial fossa Branch to dorsum sellae Clival branches Medial cavernous sinus branch Posterior caroticocavernous artery Clival branches Branch to abducens canal Posterior petrosal branches Superior caroticocavernous artery Anterior petrosal branches Posterior petrosal branches Branches to trigeminal opening Lateral cavernous sinus branch Lateral caroticocavernous trunk Tentorial basal branch Branch to hypophyseal fossa Branch to dorsum sellae Clival branches Medial cavernous sinus branch Posterior caroticocavernous artery Tentorial marginal branch Tentorial marginal branch Ramus anteromedialis Ramus anterolateralis Arteria hypophysialis inferior Rami ganglionares trigeminales Anteromedial branch Anterolateral branch Inferior hypophysial artery Branches to trigeminal ganglion Anteromedial branch Anterolateral branch Inferior hypophyseal artery Branches to trigeminal ganglion Rami nervorum Siphon caroticus Branches to nerves Carotid syphon Branches to nerves Carotid siphon Truncus lateralis C2 Segment Vidian artery During development, longitudinal arteries are formed, connected with the ICAs by temporary trigeminal, otic, stapedial and hypoglossal arteries. These 'Primitive arteries' may persist (Wohlschlaeger and Wohlschlaeger 1964 AJR Am J Roentgenol 92:761-768; Suttner et al. 2000 Neurosurgery 47:428-434). During development, longitudinal arteries are formed, connected with the ICAs by temporary trigeminal, otic, stapedial and hypoglossal arteries. These 'Primitive arteries' may persist (Wohlschlaeger and Wohlschlaeger 1964 AJR Am J Roentgenol 92:761-768; Suttner et al. 2000 Neurosurgery 47:428-434). This trunk subdivides into three caroticocavernous arteries (Lang 1985), (Rhoton; Harrigan and Deveikis); (McConnell) Note reordering/organizational changes. In TA as R. sinus cavernosi, not further subdivided. Clival branches Branch to abducens canal Posterior petrosal branches Superior caroticocavernous artery Anterior petrosal branches Posterior petrosal branches Branches to trigeminal opening Lateral cavernous sinus branch Lateral caroticocavernous trunk During development, longitudinal arteries are formed, connected with the ICAs by temporary trigeminal, otic, stapedial and hypoglossal arteries. These 'Primitive arteries' may persist (Wohlschlaeger and Wohlschlaeger 1964 AJR Am J Roentgenol 92:761-768; Suttner et al. 2000 Neurosurgery 47:428-434); See Footnote 13. For the ICA, the ICA1-ICA4 segments have been added. Eponym for canal: Dorello's canal; Abducens canal to be added to Cranium/Ossa cranii. Lateral trunk Synomym from Rhoton and Harrigan/Deveikis. Clinical eponym: Bernasconi and Cassinari (Bernasconi V, Cassinari V 1957 Radiol Med, Torino 43:1015-1026). Moved from cerebral part to cavernous part; see Footnote 14. Pars cerebralis Cerebral part Cerebral part Pars clinoidea Segmentum C5 Pars ophthalmica Segmentum C6 Ramus meningeus Arteria ophthalmica Arteria centralis retinae Pars extraocularis Pars intraocularis Arteria lacrimalis Ramus anastomoticus cum Arteria meningea media Arteriae palpebrales laterales Ramus meningeus recurrens Arteriae ciliares posteriores breves (Arteria cilioretinalis) Arteriae ciliares posteriores longae Arteriae musculares Arteriae ciliares anteriores Arteriae conjunctivales anteriores Clinoid part Ophthalmic part Meningeal branch Ophthalmic artery Central retinal artery Extraocular part Intraocular part Lacrimal artery Anastomotic branch with middle meningeal artery Lateral palpebral arteries Recurrent meningeal branch Short posterior ciliary arteries Clinoid part Ophthalmic part Meningeal branch Ophthalmic artery Central retinal artery Zinn's artery Extraocular part Intraocular part Lacrimal artery Anastomotic branch with middle meningeal artery Lateral palpebral arteries Recurrent meningeal branch Short posterior ciliary arteries (Cilioretinal artery) Long posterior ciliary arteries (Cilioretinal artery) Long posterior ciliary arteries Muscular arteries Anterior ciliary arteries Anterior conjunctival arteries Muscular arteries Anterior ciliary arteries Anterior conjunctival arteries Arteriae episclerales Arteria supraorbitalis Ramus diploicus Arteria ethmoidalis anterior Ramus meningeus anterior Rami septales anteriores Rami nasales anteriores laterales Episcleral arteries Supra-orbital artery Diploic branch Anterior ethmoidal artery Anterior meningeal branch Anterior septal branches Anterior lateral nasal branches Episcleral arteries Supraorbital artery Diploic branch Anterior ethmoidal artery Anterior meningeal branch Anterior septal branches Anterior lateral nasal branches Arteria ethmoidalis posterior Arteriae palpebrales mediales Arteriae conjunctivales posteriores Arcus palpebralis inferior Arcus palpebralis superior Arteria supratrochlearis Arteria externa nasi Posterior ethmoidal artery Medial palpebral arteries Posterior conjunctival arteries Posterior ethmoidal artery Medial palpebral arteries Posterior conjunctival arteries Inferior palpebral arch Superior palpebral arch Supratrochlear artery External nasal artery Inferior palpebral arch Superior palpebral arch Supratrochlear artery External nasal artery Perforating branches Branches to optic chiasm Branches to optic nerve Branches to optic tract Dural branches Communicating part Posterior communicating artery Anterior choroidal artery Superior hypophysial artery Perforating branches Branches to optic chiasm Branches to optic nerve Branches to optic tract Dural branches Communicating part Posterior communicating artery Anterior choroidal artery Superior hypophyseal artery Rami perforantes Rami chiasmatis optici Rami nervi optici Rami tractus optici Rami durales Pars communicans Arteria communicans posterior Arteria choroidea anterior Arteria hypophysialis superior Arteria dorsalis nasi Segmentum C7 Intracranial part; Supraclinoid part Several synonyms in English are commonly used and added. Bouthielleir et al. (1996 Neurosurgery 38;425-432) suggested a further subdivision into C4-C7 (C5 = Clinoidal segment; C6 = Ophthalmic segment; C7 = Communicating segment). This segment is usually divided into Ophthalmic, Communicating and Choroidal segments (Rhoton 2002a, 2007) C5 Segment C6 Segment Note reordering/reorganization. Dorsal nasal artery Branches to optic chiasma C7 Segment The corresponding vein and nerve are called external nasal, and the existing English equivalent is external nasal. Rami perforantes Rami tractus optici Arteria uncalis Arteria choroidea anterior Perforating branches Branches to optic tract Uncal artery Anterior choroidal artery Perforating branches Branches to optic tract Uncal artery Anterior choroidal artery Rami choroidei ventriculi lateralis (Rami choroidei ventriculi tertii) Choroidal branches to lateral ventricle (Choroidal branches to third ventricle) Perforating branches Branches to anterior perforated substance Branches to optic chiasm Branches to optic tract Branches to lateral geniculate body Branches to optic radiation Branches to internal capsule Branches to genu Branches to posterior limb Branches to retrolentiform part Branches to globus pallidus Branches to tail of caudate nucleus Branches to hippocampus Choroidal branches to lateral ventricle (Choroidal branches to third ventricle) Perforating branches Branches to anterior perforated substance Branches to optic chiasm Branches to optic tract Branches to lateral geniculate body Branches to optic radiation Branches to internal capsule Branches to genu Branches to posterior limb Branches to retrolentiform part Branches to globus pallidus Branches to tail of caudate nucleus Branches to hippocampus Branches to dentate gyrus Branches to fornix (Branches to uncus) Branches to piriform cortex Branches to amygdaloid body (Branches to tuber cinereum) (Branches to hypothalamic nuclei) Branches to thalamic nuclei Branches to substantia nigra Branches to red nucleus Branches to crus cerebri Accessory hypophysial arteries Branches to dentate gyrus Branches to fornix (Branches to uncus) Branches to piriform cortex Branches to amygdaloid body (Branches to tuber cinereum) (Branches to hypothalamic nuclei) Branches to thalamic nuclei Branches to substantia nigra Branches to red nucleus Branches to crus cerebri Accessory hypophyseal arteries Anterior cerebral artery Precommunicating part Anteromedial central arteries Anterior cerebral artery Precommunicating part Anteromedial central arteries Rami striati breves Short striate branches Short striate branches Ramus supraopticus Rami perforantes anteriores Rami preoptici Arteria communicans anterior Supra-optic branch Anterior perforating branches Pre-optic branches Anterior communicating artery Supraoptic branch Anterior perforating branches Preoptic branches Anterior communicating artery Rami perforantes Rami substantiae perforatae anterioris Rami chiasmatis optici Rami tractus optici Rami corporis geniculati lateralis Rami radiationis opticae Rami capsulae internae Rami genus Rami cruris posterioris Rami partis retrolentiformis Rami globi pallidi Rami caudae nuclei caudati Rami hippocampi Rami gyri dentati Rami fornicis (Rami uncales) Rami corticis piriformis Rami corporis amygdaloidei (Rami tuberis cinerei) (Rami nucleorum hypothalami) Rami nucleorum thalami Rami substantiae nigrae Rami nuclei rubri Rami cruris cerebri Arteriae hypophysiales accessoriae Arteria cerebri anterior Pars precommunicans Segmentum A1 Arteriae centrales anteromediales This artery is divided into cisternal and plexal segments (Rhoton et al. 1979 Surg Neurol 12:171-187). New term as heading. Branches to optic chiasma New term. New term as heading. Change limb to part to be consistent in translation. For further subdivision, see Duvernoy (1998) The Human Hippocampus, 2nd ed. Springer, and Huther et al. (1998) Neurosurgery 45:1118-1136. New term to be added. New term to be added. New term to be added. New term (see Rhoton 2002a, 2007) to be added. A1 segment For their branches, Rami is used. The TA nomenclature for the Striatal arteries is rather confusing. The Aa.striatae mediales proximales may better be known as Rami striati mediales (as for A2 segment) or as Aa.striatae breves (in PNA: Aa.centrales breves); See Footnote 16. Supra-optic branch Arteriae centrales anteromediales Anteromedial central arteries Anteromedial central arteries Ramus suprachiasmatica Ramus commissuralis medianus Ramus callosus medianus Pars postcommunicalis Pars infracallosa Segmentum A2 Arteria striata longa Arteria centralis longa Suprachiasmatic branch Median commissural branch Median callosal branch Postcommunicating part Infracallosal segment Long striate artery Suprachiasmatic branch Median commissural branch Median callosal branch Postcommunicating part Infracallosal segment Long striate artery The Pars postcommunicans includes A2-A5. Arteria orbitofrontalis medialis Arteria frontobasalis medialis Medial orbitofrontal artery Medial orbitofrontal artery A2 segment Long central artery; Heubner's recurrent artery; Heubner's artery Medial frontobasal artery Arteria orbitofrontalis posterior Arteria frontobasalis posterior Posterior orbitofrontal artery Posterior orbitofrontal artery Posterior frontobasal artery Arteria polaris frontalis Rami perforantes Rami hypothalamici Rami septi pellucidi Rami commissurae anterioris Frontopolar artery Perforating branches Hypothalamic branches Branches to septum pellucidum Branches to anterior commissure Frontopolar artery Polar frontal artery Perforating branches Perforant branches Hypothalamic branches Branches to septum pellucidum Branches to anterior commissure Rami fornicis Rami striati breves (Arteria subcallosa) Arteria pericallosa Rami corporis callosi breves Branches to fornix Short striatal branches (Subcallosal artery) Pericallosal artery Short branches to corpus callosum Long branches to corpus callosum Precallosal part Callosomarginal artery Anteromedial frontal branch Intermediomedial frontal branch Branches to fornix Short striatal branches (Subcallosal artery) Pericallosal artery Short branches to corpus callosum Long branches to corpus callosum Precallosal part Callosomarginal artery Anteromedial frontal branch Intermediomedial frontal branch Rami corporis callosi longi Pars precallosa Arteria callosomarginalis Ramus frontalis anteromedialis Ramus frontalis intermediomedialis Ramus frontalis posteromedialis Ramus cingularis (Rami paracentrales) Pars supracallosa Rami paracentrales Rami precuneati Pars postcallosa Rami parietales superiores Rami parietales inferiores Rami parietooccipitales Rami corpus callosi inferiores Arteria cerebri media Pars sphenoidalis Segmentum A3 Posteromedial frontal branch Cingular branch (Paracentral branches) Segmentum A4 Supracallosal part Paracentral branches Rami precuneales Precuneate branches Segmentum A5 Postcallosal part Superior parietal branches Inferior parietal branches Parieto-occipital branches Inferior callosal branches Middle cerebral artery Pars horizontalis; Segmentum Sphenoid part M1 Arteriae centrales anterolaterales Anterolateral central arteries Posteromedial frontal branch Cingular branch (Paracentral branches) Supracallosal part Paracentral branches Precuneate branches Postcallosal part Superior parietal branches Inferior parietal branches Parietooccipital branches Inferior callosal branches Middle cerebral artery Sphenoid part Arteriae lenticulostriatae mediales Medial lenticulostriate arteries Medial lenticulostriate arteries Anterolateral central arteries In the TA term, distalis/distal is replaced by longus/long; Should this be longus or longa. See Footnote 17. New term to be added as heading. Short striate branches See Footnote 18. Related term: (Arteria precallosa). A3 segment Segments A3-A5 not in TA. A4 segment Precuneal branches A5 segment In various textbooks described as Arteriae. Sylvian artery Horizontal part; M1 segment Lenticulostriate arteries The confusing TA terms Rami proximales/distales laterales striati have been replaced by Arteriae lenticulostriatae mediales/laterales, following Marinkovic et al. (2001 Clin Anat 14:190-195); See Footnote 19. Rhoton (2002a, 2007) distinguished Medial (infrequent), Intermediate and Lateral groups of Lenticulostriate arteries. Arteriae lenticulostriatae laterales Lateral lenticulostriate arteries Lateral lenticulostriate arteries Arteria polaris temporalis Arteria temporalis anterior Arteria uncalis Pars insularis Arteriae insulares Pars opercularis Pars corticalis Pars corticalis inferior Polar temporal artery Anterior temporal artery Uncal artery Insular part Insular arteries Opercular part Cortical part Inferior cortical part Polar temporal artery Anterior temporal artery Uncal artery Insular part Insular arteries Opercular part Cortical part Inferior cortical part Anterior temporal artery Middle temporal artery Posterior temporal artery Temporo-occipital artery Artery to angular gyrus Superior cortical part Anterior temporal artery Middle temporal artery Posterior temporal artery Temporooccipital artery Artery to angular gyrus Superior cortical part Superior cortical branches Lateral orbitofrontal artery Lateral frontobasal artery Arteria temporalis anterior Arteria temporalis media Arteria temporalis posterior Arteria temporooccipitalis Arteria gyri angularis Pars corticalis superior Arteria orbitofrontalis lateralis Segmentum M2 Segmentum M3 Segmentum M4 Rami corticales inferiores Rami corticales superiores; Rami terminales superiores Arteria frontobasalis lateralis Lateral orbitofrontal artery Arteria prefrontalis Arteria sulci precentralis Arteria sulci centralis Arteria sulci postcentralis Arteria parietalis anterior Arteria parietalis posterior Arteria communicans posterior Arteriae centrales posterolaterales Rami anteriores Rami posteriores Ramus chiasmaticus Arteria tuberis cinerei Rami mediales Rami laterales Arteria thalamotuberalis Ramus hypothalamicus Rami mammillares Ramus nervi oculomotorii Systema vertebrobasilare Arteria vertebralis Pars prevertebralis Pars cervicalis Rami spinales Rami radiculares Arteria medullaris segmentalis Segmentum V1 Pars transversaria; Segmentum V2 Rhoton (2002a, 2007) distinguished Medial (infrequent), Intermediate and Lateral groups of Lenticulostriate arteries. Replaced. M2 segment M3 segment M4 segment Inferior cortical branches In TA as Rr. terminales and corticales inferiores; the Opercular part (M3) subdivides into Inferior cortical branches and Superior cortical branches. To be in line with the Superior cortical part, the Branches have been called Arteriae, as already suggested in Benninghoff and Drenckhahn (2004). Prefrontal artery Artery of precentral sulcus Artery of central sulcus Artery of postcentral sulcus Anterior parietal artery Posterior parietal artery Posterior communicating artery Posterolateral central arteries Prefrontal artery Artery of precentral sulcus Artery of central sulcus Rolandic artery Artery of postcentral sulcus Anterior parietal artery Posterior parietal artery Posterior communicating artery Posterolateral central arteries Posterolateral, given the lateral position of the AComP (correction of TA). Anterior branches Posterior branches Chiasmatic branch Artery of tuber cinereum Medial branches Lateral branches Thalamotuberal artery Anterior branches Posterior branches Chiasmatic branch Artery of tuber cinereum Medial branches Lateral branches Thalamotuberal artery Singular also in Latin. Hypothalamic branch Mamillary branches Branch to oculomotor nerve Vertebrobasilar system Hypothalamic branch Mamillary branches Branch to oculomotor nerve Vertebrobasilar system Vertebral artery Prevertebral part Cervical part Vertebral artery Prevertebral part Cervical part Spinal branches Radicular branches Segmental medulllary artery Spinal branches Radicular branches Segmental medulllary artery Premamillary artery; Premammillary artery For brain stem arteries the subdivision by Duvernoy (1995, The Human Brain Stem and Cerebellum. Springer, Vienna, New York) has been followed. Segments 1-3, the extracranial parts, are listed under subclavian artery. V1 segment V2 segment; Transverse part Rami musculares Pars atlantica Ramus meningeus (Arteria proatlantica) Muscular branches Atlantic part Meningeal branch (Pro-atlantic artery) Muscular branches Atlantic part Meningeal branch (Proatlantic artery) Muscular branches Intracranial part Intracranial part Meningeal branches Posterior inferior cerebellar artery Posterior spinal artery Cerebellar cortical branches Muscular branches Intracranial part V4 segment Intracranial part V4 segment Meningeal branches Posterior inferior cerebellar artery PICA Inferior vermian branch Cerebellar tonsillar branch Choroidal branches to fourth ventricle (Meningeal branch) Anterior spinal artery Medial medullary branches Inferior vermian branch Cerebellar tonsillar branch Choroidal branches to fourth ventricle (Meningeal branch) Anterior spinal artery Medial medullary branches Anteromedial medullary branches Rami medullares laterales Anteromedial medullary branches Anterolateral medullary branches Lateral medullary branches Rami medullares posteriores Posterior medullary branches Posterior medullary branches Arteria basilaris Arteria cerebelli inferior anterior Arteria inferior anterior cerebelli Arteria labyrinthi Arteria subarcuata Rami corticales cerebellares Basilar artery Anterior inferior cerebellar artery Labyrinthine artery Arteria subarcuata Cerebellar cortical branches Basilar artery Anterior inferior cerebellar artery AICA Rami perforantes Arteriae pontis Rami mediales Rami anteromediales Rami anterolaterales Rami laterales Perforating branches Pontine arteries Medial branches Anteromedial branches Anterolateral branches Lateral branches Perforating branches Pontine arteries Medial branches Anteromedial branches Anterolateral branches Lateral branches Rami posteriores Posterior branches Posterior branches Rami musculares Pars intracranialis Pars intracranialis Rami meningei Arteria cerebelli inferior posterior Arteria spinalis posterior Rami corticales cerebellares Segmentum V3 Arteria meningea posterior Segmentum V4 Segmentum V4 Arteria inferior posterior cerebelli Ramus vermis inferior Ramus tonsillae cerebelli Rami choroidei ventriculi quarti (Ramus meningeus) Arteria spinalis anterior Rami medullares mediales (Arteria meningea posterior) Rami medullares anteromediales Rami medullares anterolaterales V3 segment Posterior meningeal artery (Pro-atlantal artery); (Proatlantal artery) Posterior spinal artery Cerebellar cortical branches Persistent fetal arteries that may be found in the newborn should be added. Intracranial segment 4 is listed under the Blood supply of the brain, Vertebrobasilar system. Intracranial segment 4 is listed under the Vertebrobasilar system in the Blood supply of the brain. Latin and English not in line; PNA: A. cerebelli inferior posterior. For consistency with ACA, ACM, and ACP changed into: Arteria cerebelli inferior posterior. According to Duvernoy (1995) The Human Brain Stem and Cerebellum. Springer, Vienna (newer edition by Naidich et al.), the PICA gives off two branches to the cerebellum for the Inferior vermis and the Inferior and posterior surfaces of the Cerebellar hemisphere; new term suggested: Rami corticales cerebellares. (Posterior meningeal artery) Paramedian medullary branches Paramedian branches (Foix and Hillemand, 1925); According to Duvernoy (1995); see also Tatu et al. (1996 Neurology 47:1125-1135), the Medulla is vascularized by Anteromedial and Anterolateral groups from VA and the Anterior spinal artery (see ten Donkelaar 2011 Clinical Neuroanatomy, Springer. Figs. 2.26 and 2.27). Short circumferential medullary branches Long circumferential medullary branches Short circumferential medullary branches (Foix and Hillemand, 1925); The Lateral group consists of Inferior rami (PICA), Middle rami (VA), and Superior rami (BA and AICA). Long circumferential medullary branches (Foix and Hillemand, 1925); New term. The Posterior group for the posterior part of the medulla receives branches from the PICA and the Posterior spinal artery. Anterolateral medullary branches Lateral medullary branches Labyrinthine artery Arteria subarcuata Cerebellar cortical branches Perforant branches Paramedian pontine branches Long circumferential pontine branches Long circumferential pontine branches Latin and English not in line; PNA: A.cerebelli inferior anterior; corrected. New term to be added. The AICA vascularizes the Anterior surface of the Lobulus simplex, Superior and Inferior semilunar lobules, the Flocculus and the Pedunculus cerebri medius. New term to be added. Again, here the subdivision by Duvernoy (1995) and Tatu et al. (1996) is advocated. (Foix and Hillemand 1925) From BA. From BA. From AICA and Lateral pontine arteries. From Medial and Lateral branches of SCA. Arteriae mesencephalicae Mesencephalic arteries Mesencephalic arteries Rami mediales Rami anteromediales Rami anterolaterales Rami laterales Rami posteriores Arteria cerebelli superior Medial branches Anteromedial branches Anterolateral branches Lateral branches Posterior branches Superior cerebellar artery Medial branches Anteromedial branches Anterolateral branches Lateral branches Posterior branches Superior cerebellar artery Ramus medialis Arteria vermis superior Ramus lateralis Arteria cerebri posterior Pars precommunicalis Segmentum P1 Ramus meningeus Arteriae centrales posteromediales Arteriae circumferentiales breves Medial branch Superior vermian branch Lateral branch Posterior cerebral artery Precommunicating part Meningeal branch Posteromedial central arteries Medial branch Superior vermian branch Lateral branch Posterior cerebral artery Precommunicating part Meningeal branch Posteromedial central arteries Short circumferential arteries Short circumferential arteries Arteria thalami perforans Arteria collicularis Arteria quadrigeminalis Pars postcommunicalis Segmentum P2 Arteriae centrales posterolaterales Arteria thalamogeniculata Rami choroidei posteriores mediales Rami choroidei posteriores laterales Rami pedunculares Ramus duralis Rami corticales Ramus splenialis Arteria calcarina Arteriae temporales inferiores Arteria temporalis inferior anterior Arteria temporalis inferior media Thalamoperforating artery Collicular artery Postcommunicating part Posterolateral central arteries Thalamoperforating artery Collicular artery Postcommunicating part Posterolateral central arteries Thalamogeniculate artery Posterior medial choroidal branches Posterior lateral choroidal branches Peduncular branches Dural branch Cortical branches Splenial branch Calcarine artery Inferior temporal arteries Anterior inferior temporal artery Thalamogeniculate artery Posterior medial choroidal branches Posterior lateral choroidal branches Peduncular branches Dural branch Cortical branches Splenial branch Calcarine artery Inferior temporal arteries Anterior inferior temporal artery Middle inferior temporal artery Middle inferior temporal artery Arteria temporalis inferior posterior Arteriae hippocampales Arteria hippocampalis posterior Arteria hippocampalis media Arteria hippocampalis anterior Pars quadrigeminalis Arteria parietooccipitalis Pars corticalis Arteria occipitalis lateralis Rami corticales Here, a similar subdivision into Anteromedial, Anterolateral, Lateral and Posterior groups of branches has been applied. SCA From PCA. From Collicular and Posteromedial choroidal arteries. From Collicular and Posteromedial choroidal arteries. From SCA, and Collicular and Posteromedial choroidal branches. Latin and English not in line; PNA Arteria cerebelli superior; corrected. The SCA vascularizes the Superior halves of the Cerebellar hemisphere and Vermis and the Dentate nucleus, via Medial and Lateral branches. Medial superior cerebellar artery Lateral superior cerebellar artery P1 segment Not in TA; to be added. Paramedian arteries Quadrigeminal artery P2 segment Neurosurgeons distinguish Cisternal and Plexal parts. Neurosurgeons distinguish Cisternal and Plexal parts. Not in TA; to be added. Not in TA with subdivisions; to be added. Posterior inferior temporal artery Posterior inferior temporal artery Segmentum P3 Segmentum P4 Hippocampal arteries Posterior hippocampal artery Middle hippocampal artery Anterior hippocampal artery Quadrigeminal part Parieto-occipital artery Cortical part Lateral occipital artery Cortical branches Hippocampal arteries Posterior hippocampal artery Middle hippocampal artery Anterior hippocampal artery Quadrigeminal part Parietooccipital artery Cortical part Lateral occipital artery Cortical branches P3 segment According to Duvernoy (1998) The Human Hippocampus, 2nd ed, Springer According to Duvernoy (1998). According to Duvernoy (1998). According to Rhoton, the P3 segment gives off the Ramus parietooccipitalis. P4 segment Following Rhoton, P4 = Cortical branches. Rami temporales anteriores Rami temporales medii Rami temporales posteriores Arteria occipitalis medialis Ramus corporis callosi dorsalis Anterior temporal branches Middle temporal branches Posterior temporal branches Medial occipital artery Dorsal branch to corpus callosum Cortical branches Parietal branch Calcarine branch Occipitotemporal branch (Persistent trigeminal artery) Anterior temporal branches Middle temporal branches Intermediate temporal branches Posterior temporal branches Medial occipital artery Dorsal branch to corpus callosum Vasa sanguinea medullae spinalis Arteriae medullae spinalis Blood supply of spinal cord Blood supply of spinal cord Arteries of spinal cord Arteries of spinal cord Arteria spinalis anterior Arteria centralis Arteriae spinales posteriores Plexus pialis Rami spinales Arteria radicularis anterior Arteria radicularis magna Arteria radicularis posterior Arteria medullaris segmentalis anterior Arteria medullaris segmentalis posterior Arteria subclavia Arteria vertebralis Pars prevertebralis Anterior spinal artery Central artery Posterior spinal arteries Pial plexus Spinal branches Anterior radicular artery Great radicular artery Posterior radicular artery Anterior segmental medullary artery Posterior segmental medullary artery Subclavian artery Vertebral artery Prevertebral part Anterior spinal artery Central artery Posterior spinal arteries Pial plexus Spinal branches Anterior radicular artery Great radicular artery Posterior radicular artery Anterior segmental medullary artery Posterior segmental medullary artery Subclavian artery Vertebral artery Prevertebral part Internal thoracic artery Mediastinal branches Thymic branches (Bronchial branches) (Tracheal branches) Pericardiacophrenic artery Sternal branches Perforating branches Medial mammary branches (Lateral costal branch) Anterior intercostal branches Musculophrenic artery Superior epigastric artery (Lateral internal thoracic artery) Internal thoracic artery Mediastinal branches Thymic branches (Bronchial branches) (Tracheal branches) Pericardiacophrenic artery Sternal branches Perforating branches Medial mammary branches (Lateral costal branch) Anterior intercostal branches Musculophrenic artery Superior epigastric artery (Lateral internal thoracic artery) Thyrocervical trunk Thyrocervical trunk Rami temporales intermedii Rami corticales Ramus parietalis Ramus calcarinus Ramus occipitotemporalis (Arteria trigemina persistens) Arteria thoracica interna Rami mediastinales Rami thymici (Rami bronchiales) (Rami tracheales) Arteria pericardiacophrenica Rami sternales Rami perforantes Rami mammarii mediales (Ramus costalis lateralis) Rami intercostales anteriores Arteria musculophrenica Arteria epigastrica superior (Arteria thoracica interna lateralis) Truncus thyrocervicalis Corona vasorum Segmentum V1 Cortical branches Parietal branch Calcarine branch Occipitotemporal branch (Persistent trigeminal artery) During development, longitudinal arteries are formed, connected with the ICAs by temporary trigeminal, otic, stapedial and hypoglossal arteries. These 'Primitive arteries' may persist (Wohlschlaeger and Wohlschlaeger 1964 AJR Am J Roentgenol 92:761-768; Suttner et al. 2000 Neurosurgery 47:428-434). See Rickenbacher et al. (1982) Rücken, in von Lanz and Wachsmuth Praktische Anatomie, Thron (1988) Vacular Anatomy of the Spinal Cord, Springer; and Bosmia et al. (2015) Clin Anat, in press. New term. Vasa corona Anterior feeders Artery of Adamkiewicz V1 segment Internal mammary artery New term to be added. This pial network gives off radiary branches to the spinal cord. In TA as eponym for A. radicularis anterior. Posterior feeders. Segments V1-V4 have been added; Segments V1-3 are extracranial and are listed here under Subclavian artery, while Segment 4 is Intracranial and is listed under the Vertebrobasilar system in the Blood supply of the brain. Arteria thyroidea inferior Arteria laryngea inferior Rami glandulares Rami pharyngei Rami oesophagei Rami tracheales Arteria cervicalis ascendens Rami spinales Arteria suprascapularis Ramus acromialis Arteria transversa cervicis (Ramus superficialis) Ramus ascendens Ramus descendens (Ramus profundus) Inferior thyroid artery Inferior laryngeal artery Glandular branches Pharyngeal branches Oesophageal branches Tracheal branches Ascending cervical artery Spinal branches Suprascapular artery Acromial branch Transverse cervical artery (Superficial branch) Ascending branch Descending branch (Deep branch) Inferior thyroid artery Inferior laryngeal artery Glandular branches Pharyngeal branches Esophageal branches Tracheal branches Ascending cervical artery Spinal branches Suprascapular artery Acromial branch Transverse cervical artery (Superficial branch) Ascending branch Descending branch (Deep branch) Arteria dorsalis scapulae Dorsal scapular artery Dorsal scapular artery Truncus costocervicalis Arteria cervicalis profunda Arteria intercostalis suprema Costocervical trunk Deep cervical artery Supreme intercostal artery Costocervical trunk Deep cervical artery Supreme intercostal artery Arteria intercostalis posterior prima Arteria intercostalis posterior secunda Rami dorsales Rami spinales ARTERIAE MEMBRI SUPERIORIS Arteria axillaris Rami subscapulares Arteria thoracica superior Arteria thoracoacromialis Ramus acromialis Rete acromiale Ramus clavicularis Ramus deltoideus Rami pectorales Arteria thoracica lateralis Rami mammarii laterales Arteria subscapularis Arteria thoracodorsalis Arteria circumflexa scapulae Arteria circumflexa humeri anterior Arteria circumflexa humeri posterior Arteria brachialis (Arteria brachialis superficialis) First posterior intercostal artery First posterior intercostal artery Second posterior intercostal artery Dorsal branches Spinal branches ARTERIES OF UPPER LIMB Second posterior intercostal artery Dorsal branches Spinal branches ARTERIES OF UPPER LIMB Axillary artery Subscapular branches Superior thoracic artery Thoraco-acromial artery Acromial branch Acromial anastomosis Clavicular branch Deltoid branch Pectoral branches Lateral thoracic artery Lateral mammary branches Subscapular artery Thoracodorsal artery Circumflex scapular artery Anterior circumflex humeral artery Posterior circumflex humeral artery Brachial artery (Superficial brachial artery) Axillary artery Subscapular branches Superior thoracic artery Thoracoacromial artery Acromial branch Acromial anastomosis Clavicular branch Deltoid branch Pectoral branches Lateral thoracic artery Lateral mammary branches Subscapular artery Thoracodorsal artery Circumflex scapular artery Anterior circumflex humeral artery Posterior circumflex humeral artery Brachial artery (Superficial brachial artery) Arteria transversa colli Transverse scapular artery Superficial cervical artery In 70%, there is no superficial/deep splitting of transverse cervical artery. This should be in parentheses. Dorsal scapular artery arises from transverse cervical only 30% of the time. This should not be in parentheses; Dorsal scapular artery is the last branch off of the subclavian artery in approximately 70% (Huelke, 1958,1959). Highest intercostal artery Highest intercostal artery is frequently used; see highest/supreme nuchal line for comparison in usage. Arteria profunda brachii Deep brachial artery Deep brachial artery Nutrient arteries of humerus Deltoid branch Middle collateral artery Nutrient arteries of humerus Deltoid branch Middle collateral artery Arteria collateralis radialis Radial collateral artery Radial collateral artery Arteria collateralis ulnaris superior Arteria collateralis ulnaris inferior Arteria radialis Arteria recurrens radialis Arteria nutricia radii Ramus carpalis palmaris Ramus palmaris superficialis Ramus carpalis dorsalis Rete carpi dorsale Arteriae metacarpales dorsales Arteriae digitales dorsales Arteria princeps pollicis Arteria radialis indicis Arcus palmaris profundus Arteriae metacarpales palmares Rami perforantes Arteria ulnaris Arteria recurrens ulnaris Ramus anterior Ramus posterior Rete articulare cubiti Arteria nutricia ulnae Arteria interossea communis Arteria interossea anterior Arteria comitans nervi mediani (Arteria mediana persistens) Arteria interossea posterior Ramus perforans Arteria interossea recurrens Ramus carpalis dorsalis Ramus carpalis palmaris Ramus palmaris profundus Arcus palmaris superficialis Arteriae digitales palmares communes Arteriae digitales palmares propriae Aorta descendens Aorta thoracica descendens Superior ulnar collateral artery Superior ulnar collateral artery Inferior ulnar collateral artery Inferior ulnar collateral artery Radial artery Radial recurrent artery Nutrient artery of radius Palmar carpal branch Superficial palmar branch Dorsal carpal branch Dorsal carpal anastomosis Dorsal metacarpal arteries Dorsal digital arteries Princeps pollicis artery Radialis indicis artery Deep palmar arch Palmar metacarpal arteries Perforating branches Ulnar artery Ulnar recurrent artery Anterior branch Posterior branch Cubital anastomosis Nutrient artery of ulna Common interosseous artery Anterior interosseous artery Median artery (Persistent median artery) Posterior interosseous artery Perforating branch Recurrent interosseous artery Dorsal carpal branch Palmar carpal branch Deep palmar branch Superficial palmar arch Common palmar digital arteries Radial artery Radial recurrent artery Nutrient artery of radius Palmar carpal branch Superficial palmar branch Dorsal carpal branch Dorsal carpal anastomosis Dorsal metacarpal arteries Dorsal digital arteries Princeps pollicis artery Radialis indicis artery Deep palmar arch Palmar metacarpal arteries Perforating branches Ulnar artery Ulnar recurrent artery Anterior branch Posterior branch Cubital anastomosis Nutrient artery of ulna Common interosseous artery Anterior interosseous artery Median artery (Persistent median artery) Posterior interosseous artery Perforating branch Recurrent interosseous artery Dorsal carpal branch Palmar carpal branch Deep palmar branch Superficial palmar arch Common palmar digital arteries Proper palmar digital arteries Proper palmar digital arteries Descending aorta Descending thoracic aorta Descending aorta Descending thoracic aorta Bronchial branches Bronchial branches Arteriae nutriciae humeri Ramus deltoideus Arteria collateralis media Rami bronchiales Arteriae nutrientes humeri Arteria nutriens radii Arteria nutriens ulnae Pars descendens aortee Pars descendens aortae thoracicae Profunda brachii artery; Deep artery of arm Humeral nutrient arteries Posterior branch of deep brachial Media translates to middle. a. Anterior branch of deep brachial a. Dorsal carpal network Thoracic aorta has three parts: ascending, arch, and descending. Descending thoracic aorta passes from aortic arch to abdominal aorta. Rami oesophagei Rami pericardiaci Rami mediastinales Arteriae phrenicae superiores Arteriae intercostales posteriores Oesophageal branches Pericardial branches Mediastinal branches Superior phrenic arteries Posterior intercostal arteries Esophageal branches Pericardial branches Mediastinal branches Superior phrenic arteries Posterior intercostal arteries Ramus dorsalis Ramus cutaneus medialis Ramus cutaneus lateralis Rami spinales Ramus postcentralis Ramus prelaminaris Arteria radicularis posterior Arteria radicularis anterior Arteria medullaris segmentalis Ramus collateralis Ramus cutaneus lateralis Rami mammarii laterales (Arteria aberrans) Arteria subcostalis Ramus dorsalis Ramus spinalis Aorta abdominalis Pars abdominalis aortae Arteria phrenica inferior Arteriae suprarenales superiores Arteriae lumbales Ramus dorsalis Ramus spinalis Arteria medullaris segmentalis Arteria radicularis magna Arteria medullaris segmentalis magna Arteria sacralis mediana Arteriae lumbales imae Rami sacrales laterales (Glomus coccygeum) Truncus coeliacus Arteria gastrica sinistra Rami oesophagei Arteria hepatica communis Arteria gastroduodenalis (Arteria supraduodenalis) Arteria pancreaticoduodenalis superior posterior Rami pancreatici Rami duodenales Arteriae retroduodenales Arteria gastroomentalis dextra Dorsal branch Medial cutaneous branch Lateral cutaneous branch Spinal branches Postcentral branch Prelaminar branch Posterior radicular artery Anterior radicular artery Segmental medullary artery Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch Lateral mammary branches (Aberrant artery) Subcostal artery Dorsal branch Spinal branch Abdominal aorta Inferior phrenic artery Superior suprarenal arteries Lumbar arteries Dorsal branch Spinal branch Segmental medullary artery Great radicular artery Dorsal branch Medial cutaneous branch Lateral cutaneous branch Spinal branches Postcentral branch Prelaminar branch Posterior radicular artery Anterior radicular artery Segmental medullary artery Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch Lateral mammary branches (Aberrant artery) Subcostal artery Dorsal branch Spinal branch Abdominal aorta Inferior phrenic artery Superior suprarenal arteries Lumbar arteries Dorsal branch Spinal branch Segmental medullary artery Great radicular artery Median sacral artery Arteriae lumbales imae Lateral sacral branches (Coccygeal body) Coeliac trunk Left gastric artery Oesophageal branches Common hepatic artery Gastroduodenal artery (Supraduodenal artery) Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery Pancreatic branches Duodenal banches Retroduodenal arteries Right gastro-omental artery Median sacral artery Arteriae lumbales imae Lateral sacral branches (Coccygeal body) Celiac trunk Left gastric artery Esophageal branches Common hepatic artery Gastroduodenal artery (Supraduodenal artery) Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery Pancreatic branches Duodenal banches Retroduodenal arteries Right gastroomental artery Rami gastrici Rami omentales Gastric branches Omental branches Gastric branches Omental branches Great segmental medullary artery; This artery usually arises on the left at approximately the T12/L1 level. Artery of Adamkiewicz Luschka's gland Haller's tripus (Wilkie's artery) Michel's arteries Right gastroepiploic artery; Right gastro-epiploic artery Epiploic branches This is a variable structure. Arteria pancreaticoduodenalis superior anterior Rami pancreatici Rami duodenales Arteria gastrica dextra Arteria hepatica propria Arteria hepatica dextra Anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery Pancreatic branches Duodenal branches Right gastric artery Proper hepatic artery Right hepatic artery Anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery Pancreatic branches Duodenal branches Right gastric artery Proper hepatic artery Right hepatic artery Arteria cystica Arteria lobi caudati Arteria segmenti anterioris Arteria segmenti posterioris Arteria hepatica sinistra Cystic artery Artery of caudate lobe Anterior segmental artery Posterior segmental artery Left hepatic artery Cystic artery Artery of caudate lobe Anterior segmental artery Posterior segmental artery Left hepatic artery Arteria lobi caudati Arteria segmenti medialis Arteria segmenti lateralis Ramus intermedius Arteria splenica Rami pancreatici Arteria pancreatica dorsalis Arteria pancreatica inferior Arteria prepancreatica Arteria pancreatica magna Arteria caudae pancreatis Arteria gastroomentalis sinistra Artery of caudate lobe Medial segmental artery Lateral segmental artery Intermediate branch Splenic artery Pancreatic branches Dorsal pancreatic artery Inferior pancreatic artery Prepancreatic artery Great pancreatic artery Artery to tail of pancreas Left gastro-omental artery Artery of caudate lobe Medial segmental artery Lateral segmental artery Intermediate branch Splenic artery Pancreatic branches Dorsal pancreatic artery Inferior pancreatic artery Prepancreatic artery Great pancreatic artery Artery to tail of pancreas Left gastroomental artery Gastric branches Omental branches Short gastric arteries Splenic branches Posterior gastric artery Superior mesenteric artery Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery Anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery Posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery Jejunal arteries Ileal arteries Ileocolic artery Anterior caecal artery Posterior caecal artery Appendicular artery Ileal branch Colic branch Right colic artery Right flexural artery Middle colic artery Gastric branches Omental branches Short gastric arteries Splenic branches Posterior gastric artery Superior mesenteric artery Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery Anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery Posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery Jejunal arteries Ileal arteries Ileocolic artery Anterior cecal artery Posterior cecal artery Appendicular artery Ileal branch Colic branch Right colic artery Right flexural artery Middle colic artery Rami gastrici Rami omentales Arteriae gastricae breves Rami splenici Arteria gastrica posterior Arteria mesenterica superior Arteria pancreaticoduodenalis inferior Arteria pancreaticoduodenalis inferior anterior Arteria pancreaticoduodenalis inferior posterior Arteriae jejunales Arteriae ileales Arteria ileocolica Arteria caecalis anterior Arteria caecalis posterior Arteria appendicularis Ramus ilealis Ramus colicus Arteria colica dextra Arteria flexurae dextrae Arteria colica media Arteria lienalis Rami lienales Hepatic artery proper The right and left branches of proper hepatic artery are commonly referred to as the right and left hepatic arteries. The right and left branches of proper hepatic artery are commonly referred to as the right and left hepatic arteries. Haller's artery Testut's artery There is no lesser pancreatic artery, so Great should be acceptable. Left gastroepiploic artery; Left gastro-epiploic artery Epiploic branches The anterior and posterior branches of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery are commonly referred to as the anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries. The anterior and posterior branches of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery are commonly referred to as the anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries. Arteria marginalis coli Arteria juxtacolica; Arcus marginalis coli Marginal artery Marginal artery Arteria mesenterica inferior Arteria colica sinistra Inferior mesenteric artery Left colic artery Inferior mesenteric artery Left colic artery Ramus ascendens Ramus descendens Arteriae sigmoideae Arteria rectalis superior Arteria suprarenalis media Arteria renalis Rami capsulares Arteria suprarenalis inferior Ramus anterior Arteria segmenti superioris Arteria segmenti anterioris superioris Arteria segmenti anterioris inferioris Arteria segmenti inferioris Ramus posterior Arteria segmenti posterioris Rami ureterici Arteriae intrarenales (Arteria renalis accessoria) Arteria ovarica ♀ Rami ureterici ♀ Rami tubarii ♀ Arteria testicularis ♂ Rami ureterici ♂ Rami epididymici ♂ Bifurcatio aortae Arteria iliaca communis Arteria interna iliaca Divisio posterior Ascending branch Descending branch Sigmoid arteries Superior rectal artery Middle suprarenal artery Renal artery Capsular branches Inferior suprarenal artery Anterior branch Superior segmental artery Anterior superior segmental artery Anterior inferior segmental artery Inferior segmental artery Posterior branch Posterior segmental artery Ureteric branches Intrarenal arteries (Accessory renal artery) Ovarian artery ♀ Ureteric branches ♀ Tubal branches ♀ Testicular artery ♂ Ureteric branches ♂ Epididymal branches ♂ Aortic bifurcation Common iliac artery Internal iliac artery Posterior division Ascending branch Descending branch Sigmoid arteries Superior rectal artery Superior hemorrhoidal artery Middle suprarenal artery Renal artery Capsular branches Inferior suprarenal artery Anterior branch Superior segmental artery Anterior superior segmental artery Anterior inferior segmental artery Arteria iliolumbalis Ramus lumbalis Ramus spinalis Ramus iliacus Arteriae sacrales laterales Rami spinales Arteria glutea superior Ramus superficialis Ramus profundus Ramus superior Ramus inferior Iliolumbar artery Lumbar branch Spinal branch Iliacus branch Lateral sacral arteries Spinal branches Superior gluteal artery Superficial branch Deep branch Superior branch Inferior branch Iliolumbar artery Lumbar branch Spinal branch Iliacus branch Lateral sacral arteries Spinal branches Superior gluteal artery Superficial branch Deep branch Superior branch Inferior branch Inferior segmental artery Posterior branch Posterior segmental artery Ureteric branches Intrarenal arteries (Accessory renal artery) Ovarian artery ♀ Ureteric branches ♀ Tubal branches ♀ Testicular artery ♂ Ureteric branches ♂ Epididymal branches ♂ Aortic bifurcation Common iliac artery Internal iliac artery Posterior division Marginal artery of Drummond; Juxtacolic artery; Marginal arcade; Arcade of Riolan Left colic has ascending and descending branches, which should be listed under it. Currently ascending branch appears before left colic and there is no descending branch. Left colic artery has ascending and descending branches. Left colic artery has ascending and descending branches. Supernumerary renal artery Internal spermatic artery Hypogastric artery Anterior and posterior divisions are commonly recognized from internal iliac artery. Although there is variability, posterior division usually has 3 types of branches: iliolumbar, lateral sacral (often multiple), and superior gluteal. Divisio anterior Anterior division Anterior division Arteria umbilicalis Pars patens Arteria ductus deferentis ♂ Rami ureterici Arteriae vesicales superiores Pars occlusa Pars fibrosa Ligamentum umbilicale mediale Chorda arteriae umbilicalis Arteria obturatoria Umbilical artery Patent part Artery to ductus deferens ♂ Ureteric branches Superior vesical arteries Occluded part Medial umbilical ligament Obturator artery Umbilical artery Patent part Artery to ductus deferens ♂ Ureteric branches Superior vesical arteries Occluded part Medial umbilical ligament Obturator artery Ramus pubicus Ramus acetabularis Ramus anterior Ramus posterior Arteria vesicalis inferior Rami prostatici ♂ Arteria uterina ♀ Rami helicini ♀ Rami vaginales ♀ (Arteria azygos vaginae) ♀ Ramus ovaricus ♀ Ramus tubarius ♀ Arteria vaginalis ♀ Rami vesicales inferiores Arteria rectalis media Rami vaginales ♀ Rami prostatici ♂ Arteria pudenda interna Arteria rectalis inferior Arteria perinealis Rami labiales posteriores ♀ Rami scrotales posteriores ♂ Arteria urethralis Arteria bulbi vestibuli ♀ Arteria bulbi penis ♂ Arteria dorsalis clitoridis ♀ Arteria dorsalis penis ♂ Arteria profunda clitoridis ♀ Arteria profunda penis ♂ Arteriae perforantes penis ♂ Arteria glutea inferior Pubic branch Acetabular branch Anterior branch Posterior branch Inferior vesical artery Prostatic branches ♂ Uterine artery ♀ Helicine branches ♀ Vaginal branches ♀ (Azygos artery of vagina) ♀ Ovarian branches ♀ Tubal branch ♀ Vaginal artery ♀ Inferior vesical branches Middle rectal artery Vaginal branches ♀ Prostatic branches ♂ Internal pudendal artery Inferior rectal artery Perineal artery Posterior labial branches ♀ Posterior scrotal branches ♂ Urethral artery Artery of bulb of vestibule ♀ Artery of bulb of penis ♂ Dorsal artery of clitoris ♀ Dorsal artery of penis ♂ Deep artery of clitoris ♀ Deep artery of penis ♂ Perforating arteries of penis ♂ Inferior gluteal artery Pubic branch Acetabular branch Anterior branch Posterior branch Inferior vesical artery Prostatic branches ♂ Uterine artery ♀ Helicine branches ♀ Vaginal branches ♀ (Azygos artery of vagina) ♀ Ovarian branches ♀ Tubal branch ♀ Vaginal artery ♀ Inferior vesical branches Middle rectal artery Vaginal branches ♀ Prostatic branches ♂ Internal pudendal artery Inferior rectal artery Perineal artery Posterior labial branches ♀ Posterior scrotal branches ♂ Urethral artery Artery of bulb of vestibule ♀ Artery of bulb of penis ♂ Dorsal artery of clitoris ♀ Dorsal artery of penis ♂ Deep artery of clitoris ♀ Deep artery of penis ♂ Perforating arteries of penis ♂ Inferior gluteal artery Arteria comitans nervi ischiadici Artery to sciatic nerve Artery to sciatic nerve ARTERIAE MEMBRI INFERIORIS Arteria iliaca externa ARTERIES OF LOWER LIMB External iliac artery ARTERIES OF LOWER LIMB External iliac artery Anterior and posterior divisions are commonly recognized from internal iliac artery. Although there is variability, anterior division usually has 7 branches in female: umbilical, obturator, uterine, vaginal, middle rectal, internal pudendal, and inferior gluteal. In the male, there are 6 branches: umbilical, obturator, inferior vesical, middle rectal, internal pudendal, and inferior gluteal Artery to vas deferens Fibrous part Cord of umbilical artery Vas deferens is an antiquated term referring to a vessel. The non-patent portion of umbilical artery is commonly referred to as the medial umbilical ligament. Although quite variable, obturator artery is most commonly the second branch of the anterior division of internal iliac. Middle hemorrhoidal artery Inferior hemorrhoidal artery Although inferior gluteal may arise from the posterior division of internal iliac, it is most commonly one of the terminal branches of the anterior division. Artery to ischiatic nerve Arteria epigastrica inferior Ramus pubicus Ramus obturatorius (Arteria obturatoria accessoria) Inferior epigastric artery Pubic branch Obturator branch (Accessory obturator artery) Inferior epigastric artery Pubic branch Obturator branch (Accessory obturator artery) (Arteria obturatoria aberrans) Arteria cremasterica ♂ Arteria ligamenti teretis uteri ♀ Arteria circumflexa ilium profunda Ramus ascendens Arteria femoralis Arteria epigastrica superficialis Arteria circumflexa ilium superficialis Arteria pudenda externa superficialis Arteria pudenda externa profunda (Aberrant obturator artery) Cremasteric artery ♂ Artery of round ligament of uterus ♀ Deep circumflex iliac artery (Aberrant obturator artery) Cremasteric artery ♂ Artery of round ligament of uterus ♀ Deep circumflex iliac artery Ascending banch Femoral artery Superficial epigastric artery Superficial circumflex iliac artery Superficial external pudendal artery Deep external pudendal artery Ascending banch Femoral artery Superficial epigastric artery Superficial circumflex iliac artery Superficial external pudendal artery Deep external pudendal artery Rami labiales anteriores ♀ Rami scrotales anteriores ♂ Rami inguinales Arteria descendens genus Ramus saphenus Rami articulares Arteria profunda femoris Anterior labial branches ♀ Anterior scrotal branches ♂ Inguinal branches Descending genicular artery Saphenous branch Articular branches Deep femoral artery Anterior labial branches ♀ Anterior scrotal branches ♂ Inguinal branches Descending genicular artery Saphenous branch Articular branches Deep femoral artery Arteria circumflexa femoris medialis Ramus superficialis Ramus profundus Ramus acetabularis Ramus ascendens Ramus descendens Arteria circumflexa femoris lateralis Ramus ascendens Ramus transversus Ramus descendens Arteriae perforantes Arteriae nutriciae femoris Rete articulare coxae Medial circumflex femoral artery Superficial branch Deep branch Acetabular branch Ascending branch Descending branch Lateral circumflex femoral artery Ascending branch Transverse branch Descending branch Perforating arteries Nutrient arteries of femur Cruciate anastomosis Medial circumflex femoral artery Arteriae nutrientes femoris Since this branch sometimes replaces the normal obturator artery, should it be called aberrant rather than accessory, which would indicate additional supply not replacing? # Ian Whitmore suggests the term "Arteria obtuatoria varians" or "Variant obturator artery" External spermatic artery Highest genicular artery Deep artery of thigh Superficial branch Deep branch Acetabular branch Ascending branch Descending branch Lateral circumflex femoral artery Ascending branch Transverse branch Descending branch Perforating arteries Nutrient arteries of femur Cruciate anastomosis Arteria poplitea Arteria genus superior lateralis Arteria genus superior medialis Popliteal artery Popliteal artery Superior lateral genicular artery Superior lateral genicular artery Superior medial genicular artery Superior medial genicular artery Arteria genus media Arteriae surales Middle genicular artery Sural arteries Middle genicular artery Sural arteries Femoral nutrient arteries Trochanteric anastomosis; Collateral circulation at the hip joint. Arteria profunda femoris translates to deep femoral artery. See Arteria femoralis, femoral artery. Terminology should be consistent. Arteria genus inferior lateralis Arteria genus inferior medialis Rete genus articulare Rete patellare Arteria tibialis anterior Arteria recurrens tibialis anterior Inferior lateral genicular artery Inferior medial genicular artery Genicular anastomosis Patellar anastomosis Anterior tibial artery Anterior tibial recurrent artery (Arteria recurrens tibialis posterior) Arteria malleolaris anterior lateralis Arteria malleolaris anterior medialis Rete malleolare laterale Arteria dorsalis pedis (Posterior tibial recurrent artery) (Posterior tibial recurrent artery) Lateral malleolar network Dorsalis pedis artery Lateral malleolar network Dorsalis pedis artery Dorsal artery of foot Arteria tarsalis lateralis Arteriae tarsales mediales (Arteria arcuata) Arteriae metatarsales dorsales Arteriae digitales dorsales Arteria plantaris profunda Arteria tibialis posterior Ramus circumflexus fibularis Lateral tarsal artery Medial tarsal arteries (Arcuate artery) Dorsal metatarsal arteries Dorsal digital arteries Deep plantar artery Posterior tibial artery Circumflex fibular branch Lateral tarsal artery Medial tarsal arteries (Arcuate artery) Dorsal metatarsal arteries Dorsal digital arteries Deep plantar artery Posterior tibial artery Circumflex fibular branch Circumflex peroneal branch Medial malleolar branches Medial malleolar network Calcaneal branches Nutrient arteries of tibia Medial plantar artery Lateral plantar artery Plantar arch Medial malleolar branches Medial malleolar network Calcaneal branches Nutrient arteries of tibia Medial plantar artery Lateral plantar artery Plantar arch (Deep plantar arch) Plantar metatarsal arteries Perforating branches Common plantar digital arteries (Deep plantar arch) Plantar metatarsal arteries Perforating branches Common plantar digital arteries Proper plantar digital arteries Proper plantar digital arteries (Superficial plantar arch) Fibular artery Perforating branch Communicating branch Lateral malleolar branch Calcaneal branches Calcaneal anastomosis Nutrient artery of fibula Veins Veins of heart (Superficial plantar arch) Fibular artery Perforating branch Communicating branch Lateral malleolar branch Calcaneal branches Calcaneal anastomosis Nutrient artery of fibula Veins Veins of heart Rami malleolares mediales Rete malleolare mediale Rami calcaneares Arteria nutricia tibiae Arteria plantaris medialis Arteria plantaris lateralis Arcus plantaris (Arcus plantaris profundus) Arteriae metatarsales plantares Rami perforantes Arteriae digitales plantares communes Arteriae digitales plantares propriae (Arcus plantaris superficialis) Arteria fibularis Ramus perforans Ramus communicans Rami malleolares laterales Rami calcaneares Rete calcaneare Arteria nutricia fibulae Venae Venae cordis Inferior lateral genicular artery Inferior medial genicular artery Genicular anastomosis Patellar anastomosis Anterior tibial artery Anterior tibial recurrent artery Anterior lateral malleolar artery Anterior lateral malleolar artery Anterior medial malleolar artery Anterior medial malleolar artery Ramus circumflexus peronealis Arteria nutriens tibiae Arteria peronea Dorsalis pedis artery is a dorsal artery of the foot, but just as femoral artery should not be called artery of the thigh because that causes confusion as to which artery of the thigh it is, so should dorsalis pedis be called thus, to avoid confusion with other arteries on the dorsum of the foot. Tibial nutrient artery There is usually only one plantar arch , which is deep but need not be called deep because there is no superficial arch. Occasionally, both superficial and deep plantar arches are found. Plantar digital arteries proper Occasionally, both superficial and deep plantar arches are found. Peroneal artery Fibular nutrient artery Sinus coronarius Vena cardiaca magna Vena marginalis sinistra V(v). ventriculi sinistri posterior(es) Vena obliqua atrii sinistri Ligamentum venae cavae superioris sinistrae Vena cardiaca media Vena cardiaca parva Vena marginalis dextra Venae cardiacae anteriores Venae cardiacae minimae Venae atriales dextrae Venae ventriculares dextrae (Venae atriales sinistrae) (Venae ventriculares sinistrae) Venae pulmonales Vena pulmonalis dextra superior Vena apicalis Pars intrasegmentalis Pars intersegmentalis Vena anterior Pars intrasegmentalis Pars intersegmentalis Vena posterior Pars infralobaris Pars intralobaris (intersegmentalis) Vena lobi medii Pars lateralis Pars medialis Vena pulmonalis dextra inferior Vena superior Pars intrasegmentalis Pars intersegmentalis Vena basalis communis Vena basalis superior Vena basalis anterior Pars intrasegmentalis Pars intersegmentalis Vena basalis inferior Vena pulmonalis sinistra superior Vena apicoposterior Pars intrasegmentalis Vena cordis magna; Vena interventricularis anterior Coronary sinus Great cardiac vein Coronary sinus Great cardiac vein Anterior interventricular vein Left marginal vein Left marginal vein Posterior vein(s) of left ventricle Posterior vein(s) of left ventricle Vena cordis media; Vena interventricularis posterior Vena cordis parva Venae ventriculi dextri anteriores Venae cordis minimae Oblique vein of left atrium Ligament of left superior vena cava Middle cardiac vein Oblique vein of left atrium Ligament of left superior vena cava Middle cardiac vein Vein of Marshall Small cardiac vein Right marginal vein Anterior cardiac veins Small cardiac vein Right marginal vein Anterior cardiac veins Smallest cardiac veins Right atrial veins Right ventricular veins (Left atrial veins) (Left ventricular veins) Pulmonary veins Right superior pulmonary vein Smallest cardiac veins Thebesian veins Right atrial veins Right ventricular veins (Left atrial veins) (Left ventricular veins) Pulmonary veins Right superior pulmonary vein Apical vein Intrasegmental part Intersegmental part Anterior vein Intrasegmental part Intersegmental part Posterior vein Infralobar part Intralobar part Apical vein Intrasegmental part Intersegmental part Anterior vein Intrasegmental part Intersegmental part Posterior vein Infralobar part Intralobar part Middle lobe vein Lateral part Medial part Right inferior pulmonary vein Middle lobe vein Lateral part Medial part Right inferior pulmonary vein Superior vein Intrasegmental part Intersegmental part Common basal vein Superior basal vein Anterior basal vein Intrasegmental part Intersegmental part Inferior basal vein Left superior pulmonary vein Superior vein Intrasegmental part Intersegmental part Common basal vein Superior basal vein Anterior basal vein Intrasegmental part Intersegmental part Inferior basal vein Left superior pulmonary vein Apicoposterior vein Intrasegmental part Apicoposterior vein Intrasegmental part This is the ligament of the left superior vena cava, rather than simply the vena cava. Posterior interventricular vein Anterior veins of right ventricle Anterior cardiac veins is the common terminology. Pars intersegmentalis Vena anterior Pars intrasegmentalis Pars intersegmentalis Vena lingularis Pars superior Pars inferior Vena pulmonalis sinistra inferior Vena superior Pars intrasegmentalis Pars intersegmentalis Vena basalis communis Vena basalis superior Vena basalis anterior Pars intrasegmentalis Pars intersegmentalis Vena basalis inferior VENA CAVA SUPERIOR Vena brachiocephalica Vena brachiocephalica dextra Vena brachiocephalica sinistra Intersegmental part Anterior vein Intrasegmental part Intersegmental part Lingular vein Superior part Inferior part Left inferior pulmonary vein Intersegmental part Anterior vein Intrasegmental part Intersegmental part Lingular vein Superior part Inferior part Left inferior pulmonary vein Superior vein Intrasegmental part Intersegmental part Common basal vein Superior basal vein Anterior basal vein Intrasegmental part Intersegmental part Inferior basal vein SUPERIOR VENA CAVA Brachiocephalic vein Right brachiocephalic vein Left brachiocephalic vein Superior vein Intrasegmental part Intersegmental part Common basal vein Superior basal vein Anterior basal vein Intrasegmental part Intersegmental part Inferior basal vein SUPERIOR VENA CAVA Brachiocephalic vein Right brachiocephalic vein Left brachiocephalic vein Vena thyroidea inferior Plexus thyroideus impar Vena laryngea inferior Venae thymicae Venae pericardiacae Venae pericardiacophrenicae Venae mediastinales Venae bronchiales Venae tracheales Venae oesophageae Vena vertebralis Vena occipitalis Vena vertebralis anterior (Vena vertebralis accessoria) Plexus venosus suboccipitalis Vena cervicalis profunda Venae thoracicae internae Venae epigastricae superiores Venae subcutaneae abdominis Venae musculophrenicae Venae intercostales anteriores Vena intercostalis suprema Vena intercostalis superior sinistra Vena jugularis interna Bulbus superior venae jugularis internae Inferior thyroid vein Unparied thyroid plexus Inferior laryngeal vein Thymic veins Pericardial veins Pericardiacophrenic veins Mediastinal veins Bronchial veins Tracheal veins Oesophageal veins Vertebral vein Occipital vein Anterior vertebral vein (Accessory vertebral vein) Suboccipital venous plexus Deep cervical vein Internal thoracic veins Superior epigastric veins Subcutaneous abdominal veins Musculophrenic veins Anterior intercostal veins Supreme intercostal vein Left superior intercostal vein Inferior thyroid vein Unparied thyroid plexus Inferior laryngeal vein Thymic veins Pericardial veins Pericardiacophrenic veins Mediastinal veins Bronchial veins Tracheal veins Esophageal veins Vertebral vein Occipital vein Anterior vertebral vein (Accessory vertebral vein) Suboccipital venous plexus Deep cervical vein Internal thoracic veins Superior epigastric veins Subcutaneous abdominal veins Musculophrenic veins Anterior intercostal veins Supreme intercostal vein Left superior intercostal vein Vena colli profunda Internal jugular vein Internal jugular vein Superior bulb of internal jugular Superior bulb of internal jugular vein vein Innominate vein Right innominate vein Left innominate vein Right and left brachiocephalic veins should have separate listings. Right and left brachiocephalic veins should have separate listings. Highest intercostal vein Should this be First posterior intercostal vein? This should be distinguished as the internal jugular vein. Glomus jugulare Vena aqueductus cochleae Bulbus inferior venae jugularis internae Plexus pharyngeus Venae pharyngeae Venae meningeae Vena lingualis Venae dorsales linguae Vena comitans nervi hypoglossi Vena sublingualis Vena profunda linguae Vena thyroidea superior Vena thyroidea media Vena sternocleidomastoidea Vena laryngea superior Vena facialis Vena angularis Venae supratrochleares Vena supraorbitalis Venae palpebrales superiores Venae nasales externae Venae palpebrales inferiores Vena labialis superior Venae labiales inferiores Vena facialis profunda Venae parotideae Vena palatina externa Vena submentalis Vena retromandibularis Venae temporales superficiales Vena temporalis media Vena facialis transversa Venae maxillares Plexus pterygoideus Venae meningeae mediae Venae temporales profundae Vena canalis pterygoidei Venae auriculares anteriores Venae parotideae Venae articulares Venae tympanicae Vena stylomastoidea Divisio posterior Divisio anterior Vena facialis communis Jugular body Vein of cochlear aqueduct Inferior bulb of internal jugular vein Pharyngeal plexus Pharyngeal veins Meningeal veins Lingual vein Dorsal lingual veins Vena comitans of hypoglossal nerve Sublingual vein Deep lingual vein Superior thyroid vein Middle thyroid vein Sternocleidomastoid vein Superior laryngeal vein Facial vein Angular vein Supratrochlear veins Supra-orbital vein Superior palpebral veins External nasal veins Inferior palpebral veins Superior labial vein Inferior labial veins Deep facial vein Parotid veins External palatine vein Submental vein Retromandibular vein Superficial temporal veins Middle temporal vein Transverse facial vein Maxillary veins Pterygoid plexus Middle meningeal veins Deep temporal veins Vein of pterygoid canal Anterior auricular veins Parotid veins Articular veins Tympanic veins Stylomastoid vein Posterior division Anterior division Common facial vein Jugular body Vein of cochlear aqueduct Inferior bulb of internal jugular vein Pharyngeal plexus Pharyngeal veins Meningeal veins Lingual vein Dorsal lingual veins Vena comitans of hypoglossal nerve Sublingual vein Deep lingual vein Superior thyroid vein Middle thyroid vein Sternocleidomastoid vein Superior laryngeal vein Facial vein Angular vein Supratrochlear veins Supraorbital vein Superior palpebral veins External nasal veins Inferior palpebral veins Superior labial vein Inferior labial veins Deep facial vein Parotid veins External palatine vein Submental vein Retromandibular vein Superficial temporal veins Middle temporal vein Transverse facial vein Maxillary veins Pterygoid plexus Middle meningeal veins Deep temporal veins Vein of pterygoid canal Anterior auricular veins Parotid veins Articular veins Tympanic veins Stylomastoid vein Posterior division Anterior division Common facial vein Tympanic body Glomus jugulare translates to jugular body. This should be distinguished as the internal jugular vein. Vein of Kocher There is usually only a single middle thyroid vein. Anterior facial vein Frontal vein Dorsal nasal vein The corresponding artery is the external nasal. Posterior facial vein Retromandibular vein typically has anterior and posterior divisions. Retromandibular vein typically has anterior and posterior divisions. The anterior division of retromandibular vein joins facial vein to form what is commonly referred to as the common facial vein. Posterior division joins posterior auricular vein to form the external jugular vein. Vena auricularis posterior Posterior auricular vein Posterior auricular vein Vena jugularis externa Vena jugularis anterior Arcus venosus jugularis Vena suprascapularis Venae transversae cervicis Venae encephali Venae cerebri superficiales Venae superficiales cerebri External jugular vein Anterior jugular vein Jugular venous arch Suprascapular vein Transverse cervical veins Cerebral veins Superficial cerebral veins External jugular vein Anterior jugular vein Jugular venous arch Suprascapular vein Transverse cervical veins Cerebral veins Superficial cerebral veins Venae prefrontales Superior cerebral veins Orbitofrontal veins Frontopolar vein Frontal veins Superior cerebral veins Orbitofrontal veins Frontopolar vein Frontal veins Precentral vein Central vein Superior anastomotic vein Postcentral vein Parietal veins Occipital veins Superficial middle cerebral vein Precentral vein Central vein Superior anastomotic vein Postcentral vein Parietal veins Occipital veins Superficial middle cerebral vein Temporal veins Inferior anastomotic vein Venae inferiores cerebri Inferior cerebral veins Vein of uncus Basal temporal veins Occipital veins Basal occipital veins Deep cerebral veins Basal vein Venae anteriores cerebri Anterior cerebral veins Vena media profunda cerebri Deep middle cerebral vein Atrial veins Middle atrial vein Lateral atrial vein Insular veins Inferior thalamostriate veins Vena olfactoria Vein of straight gyrus Inferior ventricular vein Inferior choroidal vein Anterior caudate veins Septal veins Long hippocampal veins Anterior long hippocampal vein Temporal veins Inferior anastomotic vein Inferior cerebral veins Vein of uncus Basal temporal veins Occipital veins Basal occipital veins Deep cerebral veins Basal vein Anterior cerebral veins Deep middle cerebral vein Atrial veins Middle atrial vein Lateral atrial vein Insular veins Inferior thalamostriate veins Vein of straight gyrus Inferior ventricular vein Inferior choroidal vein Anterior caudate veins Septal veins Long hippocampal veins Anterior long hippocampal vein Venae cerebri superiores Venae orbitofrontales Vena frontopolaris Venae frontales Vena precentralis Vena centralis Vena anastomotica superior Vena postcentralis Venae parietales Venae occipitales Vena cerebri media superficialis Venae temporales Vena anastomotica inferior Venae cerebri inferiores Vena uncalis Venae temporales basales Venae occipitales Venae occipitales basales Venae cerebri profundae Vena basalis Venae cerebri anteriores Vena cerebri media profunda Venae atriales Vena atrialis media Vena atrialis lateralis Venae insulares Venae thalamostriatae inferiores Vena gyri recti Vena ventricularis inferior Vena choroidea inferior Venae nuclei caudati anteriores Venae septales Venae hippocampales longae Vena hippocampalis longa anterior Vena hippocampalis longa posterior Venae pedunculares Venae transversae colli Vena media superficialis cerebri Posterior long hippocampal vein Posterior long hippocampal vein Peduncular veins Peduncular veins Posterior auricular vein unites with the posterior division of retromandibular vein to form the external jugular vein, so it should be listed before external jugular. Transverse scapular vein Latin and English not in line, moreover not in line with ACA, ACM and ACP; PNA: Venae cerebri superficiales; corrected. Veins of Sylvius Prefrontal veins; Frontosylvian veins Eponym: Rolando. Vein of Trolard Parietosylvian veins Temporosylvian veins Vein of Labbé Rosenthal's vein Olfactory vein TA term Vena gyri olfactorii corrected to Vena gyri recti (there is no Gyrus olfactorius). Vena cerebri magna Vena magna cerebri Vena cerebri interna Vena interna cerebri Vena choroidea superior Vena thalamostriata superior Vena terminalis Venae septi pellucidi Vena septi pellucidi anterior Great cerebral vein Internal cerebral vein Superior choroid vein Superior thalamostriate vein Veins of septum pellucidum Anterior vein of septum pellucidum Posterior vein of septum pellucidum Medial vein of lateral ventricle Great cerebral vein Internal cerebral vein Superior choroid vein Superior thalamostriate vein Veins of septum pellucidum Anterior vein of septum pellucidum Posterior vein of septum pellucidum Medial vein of lateral ventricle Vena lateralis ventriculi lateralis Lateral vein of lateral ventricle Venae nuclei caudati Veins of caudate nucleus Venae directae laterales Lateral direct veins Vena corporis callosi posterior Vena corporis callosi dorsalis Posterior vein of corpus callosum Venae trunci encephali Veins of brainstem Vena pontomesencephalica Pontomesencephalic vein Venae interpedunculares Interpeduncular veins Venae mesencephalicae Anteromedial mesencephalic anteromediales veins Venae mesencephalicae Anterolateral mesencephalic anterolaterales veins Vena intercollicularis Intercollicular vein Venae mesencephalicae Posterior mesencephalic veins posteriores Venae mesencephalicae laterales Lateral mesencephalic veins Lateral vein of lateral ventricle Veins of caudate nucleus Lateral direct veins Posterior vein of corpus callosum Veins of brainstem Pontomesencephalic vein Interpeduncular veins Anteromedial mesencephalic veins Anterolateral mesencephalic veins Intercollicular vein Posterior mesencephalic veins Venae pontis Vena pontis anteromediana Venae pontis anteromediales Venae pontis anterolaterales Venae pontis transversae Venae pontis laterales Venae medullae oblongatae Vena medullaris anteromediana Venae medullares anteromediales Pontine veins Anteromedian pontine vein Anteromedial pontine veins Anterolateral pontine veins Transverse pontine veins Lateral pontine veins Veins of medulla oblongata Anteromedian medullary vein Anteromedial medullary veins Pontine veins Anteromedian pontine vein Anteromedial pontine veins Anterolateral pontine veins Transverse pontine veins Lateral pontine veins Veins of medulla oblongata Anteromedian medullary vein Anteromedial medullary veins Venae medullaris anterolaterales Venae medullares transversae Venae medullares posteriores Venae medullares dorsales Vena medullaris posteromediana Anterolateral medullary veins Transverse medullary veins Posterior medullary veins Posteromedian medullary vein Anterolateral medullary veins Transverse medullary veins Posterior medullary veins Posteromedian medullary vein Vena recessus lateralis ventriculi quarti Vena cisternae cerebellomedullaris Venae cerebelli Vena vermis superior Vena superior vermis Vena vermis inferior Vena inferior vermis Vena retrotonsillaris superior Vena retrotonsillaris inferior Vein of lateral recess of fourth ventricle Vein of cerebellomedullary cistern Cerebellar veins Superior vein of vermis Inferior vein of vermis Superior retrotonsillar vein Inferior retrotonsillar vein Vein of lateral recess of fourth ventricle Vein of cerebellomedullary cistern Cerebellar veins Superior vein of vermis Inferior vein of vermis Superior retrotonsillar vein Inferior retrotonsillar vein Vena septi pellucidi posterior Vena medialis ventriculi lateralis Vein of Galen Vena terminalis Latin term V.terminalis to be deleted (confusing). Dorsal vein of corpus callosum The venous drainage of the mesencephalon is organized as Anteromedial, Anterolateral, Lateral and Posterior groups, draining on larger veins (Duvernoy 1995). Lateral mesencephalic veins Dorsal medullary veins Posterior instead of Dorsal. Vein of cisterna magna See Footnote 21. Venae cerebelli superiores Venae superiores cerebelli Superior veins of cerebellar hemisphere Inferior veins of cerebellar hemisphere Precentral cerebellar vein Petrosal vein Dural venous sinuses Transverse sinus Tentorial sinuses Superior veins of cerebellar hemisphere Inferior veins of cerebellar hemisphere Precentral cerebellar vein Petrosal vein Dural venous sinuses Transverse sinus Tentorial sinuses Venae cerebelli inferiores Venae inferiores cerebelli Vena cerebelli precentralis Vena petrosa Sinus durae matris Sinus transversus Sinus tentorii Vena precentralis cerebelli Confluens sinuum Sinus marginalis Sinus occipitalis (Sinus occipitalis obliquus) Plexus basilaris Sinus petrosquamosus Sinus sigmoideus Sinus sagittalis superior Lacunae laterales Sinus sagittalis inferior (Plexus venosus falcis) Sinus rectus Sinus sphenoparietalis Sinus cavernosus Sinus intercavernosi Sinus intercavernosus anterior Sinus intercavernosus posterior (Sinus intercavernosus inferior) Sinus petrosus inferior Venae labyrinthi Sinus petrosus superior Venae diploicae Vena diploica frontalis Vena diploica temporalis anterior Confluence of sinuses Marginal sinus Occipital sinus (Oblique occipital sinus) Basilar plexus Petrosquamous sinus Sigmoid sinus Superior sagittal sinus Lateral lacunae Inferior sagittal sinus (Venous plexus of falx) Straight sinus Sphenoparietal sinus Cavernous sinus Intercavernous sinuses Anterior intercavernous sinus Posterior intercavernous sinus (Inferior intercavernous sinus) Inferior petrosal sinus Labyrinthine veins Superior petrosal sinus Diploic veins Frontal diploic vein Anterior temporal diploic vein Confluence of sinuses Marginal sinus Occipital sinus (Oblique occipital sinus) Basilar plexus Petrosquamous sinus Sigmoid sinus Superior sagittal sinus Lateral lacunae Inferior sagittal sinus (Venous plexus of falx) Straight sinus Sphenoparietal sinus Cavernous sinus Intercavernous sinuses Anterior intercavernous sinus Posterior intercavernous sinus (Inferior intercavernous sinus) Inferior petrosal sinus Labyrinthine veins Superior petrosal sinus Diploic veins Frontal diploic vein Anterior temporal diploic vein Vena diploica temporalis posterior Vena diploica occipitalis Venae emissariae Vena emissaria parietalis Vena emissaria mastoidea Vena emissaria condylaris Vena emissaria occipitalis Plexus venosus canalis nervi hypoglossi Plexus venosus foraminis ovalis Posterior temporal diploic vein Posterior temporal diploic vein Occipital diploic vein Emissary veins Parietal emissary vein Mastoid emissary vein Condylar emissary vein Occipital emissary vein Venous plexus of hypoglossal canal Venous plexus of foramen ovale Occipital diploic vein Emissary veins Parietal emissary vein Mastoid emissary vein Condylar emissary vein Occipital emissary vein Venous plexus of hypoglossal canal Venous plexus of foramen ovale Vena sphenoidalis Plexus venosus caroticus internus Sphenoidal vein Internal carotid venous plexus Sphenoidal vein Internal carotid venous plexus Venae portales hypophysiales Portal veins of hypophysis Portal veins of hypophysis Vein of Dandy To be added (see Matsushima et al. 1989 J Neurosurg 71:923-928); Lang (1985) distinguished Medial and Lateral tentorial sinuses. Torcular of Herophilus To be added (see Tubbs et al. 2011 Surg Radiol Anat 33:747-749). To be added (see Tubbs et al. 2007 J Neurosurg 107:155-157). Sinus of Breschet Sphenoparietal sinus drains to cavernous sinus, so it should be listed first. Cavernous sinus drains into the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses, so it should precede them. To be added (see Tubbs et al. 2014 World Neurosurg 82:475-478). Veins of Breschet Condyloid emissary vein Vein of Vesalius May arise from Venous plexus of foramen ovale (Padget 1956). Vena petrosa superficialis Superficial petrosal vein Superficial petrosal vein Vena foraminis caeci Venae foraminis laceri Venae clivales Venae orbitales Vena ophthalmica superior Vena nasofrontalis Venae ethmoidales Vena lacrimalis Venae vorticosae Venae ciliares Venae ciliares anteriores Sinus venosus sclerae Venae sclerales Vena centralis retinae Pars extraocularis Pars intraocularis Venae episclerales Venae palpebrales Venae conjunctivales Vena ophthalmica inferior Venae medullae spinalis Vein of foramen caecum Veins of foramen lacerum Clival veins Orbital veins Superior ophthalmic vein Nasofrontal vein Ethmoidal veins Lacrimal vein Vorticose veins Ciliary veins Anterior ciliary veins Scleral venous sinus Scleral veins Central retinal vein Extraocular part Intraocular part Episcleral veins Palpebral veins Conjunctival veins Inferior ophthalmic vein Veins of spinal cord Vein of foramen cecum Veins of foramen lacerum Clival veins Orbital veins Superior ophthalmic vein Nasofrontal vein Ethmoidal veins Lacrimal vein Vorticose veins Ciliary veins Anterior ciliary veins Scleral venous sinus Scleral veins Central retinal vein Extraocular part Intraocular part Episcleral veins Palpebral veins Conjunctival veins Inferior ophthalmic vein Veins of spinal cord Perimedullary veins Anterior spinal veins Posterior spinal veins Posterior central vein Radicular veins Intervertebral veins Veins of vertebral column Vertebral venous plexuses Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus Basivertebral veins Posterior internal vertebral venous plexus External vertebral venous plexuses Anterior external vertebral venous plexus Posterior external vertebral venous plexus Suboccipital venous plexus Spinal vein Intervertebral vein Dorsal vein Posterior intercostal veins Subcostal vein Lumbar veins Perimedullary veins Anterior spinal veins Posterior spinal veins Posterior central vein Radicular veins Intervertebral veins Veins of vertebral column Vertebral venous plexuses Batson's veins; Batson's plexus Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus Basivertebral veins Posterior internal vertebral venous plexus External vertebral venous plexuses Anterior external vertebral venous plexus Posterior external vertebral venous plexus Suboccipital venous plexus Spinal vein Intervertebral vein Dorsal vein Posterior intercostal veins Subcostal vein Lumbar veins Venae perimedullares Venae spinales anteriores Venae spinales posteriores Vena centralis posterior Venae radiculares Venae intervertebrales Venae columnae vertebralis Plexus venosi vertebrales Plexus venosus vertebralis internus anterior Venae basivertebrales Plexus venosus vertebralis internus posterior Plexus venosi vertebrales externi Plexus venosus vertebralis externus anterior Plexus venosus vertebralis externus posterior Plexus venosus suboccipitalis Vena spinalis Vena intervertebralis Vena dorsalis Venae intercostales posteriores Vena subcostalis Venae lumbales Venae transclivales This vein and the following three from Lang (1991) Clinical Anatomy of the Posterior Cranial Fossa and its Foramina. Springer. Transclival veins Ruysch's veins Canal of Schlemm See Rickenbacher et al. (1982), and Griessenauer et al. (2015) Clin Anat, in press; some reordering, from inside outwards. Veins of the spinal cord are moved to follow the veins of the skull, followed by veins of the vertebral column, and then the segmental veins. Term not in TA. New term. Vena lumbalis ascendens Vena azygos Arcus venae azygos Vena intercostalis superior dextra Ascending lumbar vein Azygos vein Arch of azygos vein Right superior intercostal vein Ascending lumbar vein Azygos vein Arch of azygos vein Right superior intercostal vein Vena hemiazygos Hemi-azygos vein Hemiazygos vein Vena hemiazygos accessoria Accessory hemi-azygos vein Accessory hemiazygos vein Venae oesophageae Venae bronchiales Venae pericardiacae Venae mediastinales Venae phrenicae superiores VENAE MEMBRI SUPERIORIS Vena subclavia Venae pectorales Vena scapularis dorsalis Vena axillaris Vena subscapularis Vena circumflexa scapulae Vena thoracodorsalis Vena circumflexa humeri posterior Vena circumflexa humeri anterior Oesophageal veins Bronchial veins Pericardial veins Mediastinal veins Superior phrenic veins VEINS OF UPPER LIMB Esophageal veins Bronchial veins Pericardial veins Mediastinal veins Superior phrenic veins VEINS OF UPPER LIMB Subclavian vein Pectoral veins Dorsal scapular vein Axillary vein Subscapular vein Circumflex scapular vein Thoracodorsal vein Posterior circumflex humeral vein Anterior circumflex humeral vein Lateral thoracic vein Thoraco-epigastric veins Areolar venous plexus Superficial veins of upper limb Subclavian vein Pectoral veins Dorsal scapular vein Axillary vein Subscapular vein Circumflex scapular vein Thoracodorsal vein Posterior circumflex humeral vein Cephalic vein Thoraco-acromial vein (Accessory cephalic vein) Basilic vein Median cubital vein Median antebrachial vein Dorsal venous network of hand Intercapitular veins Dorsal metacarpal veins Superficial venous palmar arch Cephalic vein Thoracoacromial vein (Accessory cephalic vein) Basilic vein Median cubital vein Median antebrachial vein Dorsal venous network of hand Intercapitular veins Dorsal metacarpal veins Superficial venous palmar arch Palmar digital veins Deep veins of upper limb Palmar digital veins Deep veins of upper limb Brachial veins Ulnar veins Radial veins Anterior interosseous veins Posterior interosseous veins Brachial veins Ulnar veins Radial veins Anterior interosseous veins Posterior interosseous veins Vena thoracica lateralis Venae thoracoepigastricae Plexus venosus areolaris Venae superficiales membri superioris Vena cephalica Vena thoracoacromialis (Vena cephalica accessoria) Vena basilica Vena mediana cubiti Vena mediana antebrachii Rete venosum dorsale manus Venae intercapitulares Venae metacarpales dorsales Arcus venosus palmaris superficialis Venae digitales palmares Venae profundae membri superioris Venae brachiales Venae ulnares Venae radiales Venae interosseae anteriores Venae interosseae posteriores Inferior hemiazygos vein; Inferior hemi-azygos vein Superior hemiazygos vein; Superior hemi-azygos vein Anterior circumflex humeral vein Lateral thoracic vein Thoracoepigastric veins Areolar venous plexus Superficial veins of upper limb Median vein of forearm Arcus venosus palmaris profundus Venae metacarpales palmares VENA CAVA INFERIOR Venae phrenicae inferiores Venae lumbales Vena lumbalis ascendens Venae hepaticae Vena hepaticae dextra Vena hepaticae intermedia Vena hepaticae sinistra Venae renales Venae capsulares Vena suprarenalis sinistra Vena ovarica sinistra ♀ Vena testicularis sinistra ♂ Venae intrarenales Vena suprarenalis dextra Vena ovarica dextra ♀ Vena testicularis dextra ♂ Plexus pampiniformis Vena iliaca communis Vena sacralis mediana Vena iliolumbalis Vena iliaca interna Venae gluteae superiores Venae gluteae interiores Venae obturatoriae Venae sacrales laterales Plexus venosus sacralis Plexus venosus rectalis Venae vesicales Plexus venosus vesicalis Plexus venosus prostaticus ♂ Venae prostaticae ♂ Vena dorsalis profunda clitoridis ♀ Vena dorsalis profunda penis ♂ Venae uterinae ♀ Plexus venosus uterinus ♀ Plexus venosus vaginalis ♀ Venae rectales mediae Vena pudenda interna Venae profundae clitoridis ♀ Deep venous palmar arch Deep venous palmar arch Palmar metacarpal veins INFERIOR VENA CAVA Inferior phrenic veins Lumbar veins Ascending lumbar vein Hepatic veins Right hepatic vein Intermediate hepatic vein Left hepatic vein Renal veins Capsular veins Left suprarenal vein Left ovarian vein ♀ Left testicular vein ♂ Intrarenal veins Right suprarenal vein Right ovarian vein ♀ Right testicular vein ♂ Pampiniform plexus Common iliac vein Median sacral vein Iliolumbar vein Internal iliac vein Superior gluteal veins Inferior gluteal veins Obturator veins Lateral sacral veins Sacral venous plexus Rectal venous plexus Vesical veins Vesical venous plexus Prostatic venous plexus ♂ Veins of prostate ♂ Deep dorsal vein of clitoris ♀ Palmar metacarpal veins INFERIOR VENA CAVA Inferior phrenic veins Lumbar veins Ascending lumbar vein Hepatic veins Right hepatic vein Intermediate hepatic vein Left hepatic vein Renal veins Capsular veins Left suprarenal vein Left ovarian vein ♀ Left testicular vein ♂ Intrarenal veins Right suprarenal vein Right ovarian vein ♀ Right testicular vein ♂ Pampiniform plexus Common iliac vein Median sacral vein Iliolumbar vein Internal iliac vein Superior gluteal veins Inferior gluteal veins Obturator veins Lateral sacral veins Sacral venous plexus Rectal venous plexus Vesical veins Vesical venous plexus Prostatic venous plexus ♂ Veins of prostate ♂ Deep dorsal vein of clitoris ♀ Deep dorsal vein of penis ♂ Uterine veins ♀ Uterine venous plexus ♀ Vaginal venous plexus ♀ Middle rectal veins Internal pudendal vein Deep veins of clitoris ♀ Deep dorsal vein of penis ♂ Uterine veins ♀ Uterine venous plexus ♀ Vaginal venous plexus ♀ Middle rectal veins Internal pudendal vein Deep veins of clitoris ♀ Venae profundae penis ♂ Deep veins of penis ♂ Deep veins of penis ♂ Venae rectales inferiores Venae labiales posteriores ♀ Venae scrotales posteriores ♂ Inferior rectal veins Posterior labial veins ♀ Posterior scrotal veins ♂ Inferior rectal veins Posterior labial veins ♀ Posterior scrotal veins ♂ Medial sacral vein Hypogastric vein Terminology modification suggested by Myers et al. 2010 Middle hemorrhoidal vein The deep clitoral/penile veins drain primarily into the deep dorsal vein of clitoris/penis. These should be listed together. The deep clitoral/penile veins drain primarily into the deep dorsal vein of clitoris/penis. These should be listed together. Inferior hemorrhoidal vein Vena bulbi vestibuli ♀ Vena bulbi penis ♂ Vena iliaca externa Vena epigastrica inferior Vena pubica Vein of bulb of vestibule ♀ Vein of bulb of penis ♂ External iliac vein Inferior epigastric vein Pubic vein Vein of bulb of vestibule ♀ Vein of bulb of penis ♂ External iliac vein Inferior epigastric vein Pubic vein Vena circumflexa ilium profunda Deep circumflex iliac vein Deep circumflex iliac vein VENAE MEMBRI INFERIORIS Venae superficiales membri inferioris Vena saphena magna Venae pudendae externae Vena pudenda externa superficialis Vena pudenda externa profunda Vena circumflexa ilium superficialis Vena epigastrica superficialis Vena saphena accessoria Venae dorsales superficiales clitoridis ♀ Venae dorsales superficiales penis ♂ Venae labiales anteriores ♀ Venae scrotales anteriores ♂ Vena saphena parva Rete venosum dorsale pedis Arcus venosus dorsalis pedis Venae metatarsales dorsales Venae digitales dorsales pedis Rete venosum plantare Arcus venosus plantaris Venae metatarsales plantares Venae digitales plantares Venae intercapitulares Vena marginalis lateralis Vena marginalis medialis Venae profundae membri inferioris Vena femoralis Vena profunda femoris VEINS OF LOWER LIMB VEINS OF LOWER LIMB Venae circumflexae femoris mediales Venae circumflexae femoris laterales Venae perforantes Vena poplitea Venae surales Ramus pubicus; (Vena obturatoris accessoria) Pubic branch; (Accessory obturator The pubic tributary to the inferior epigastric vein is present in approximately 90% of cases. vein) Superficial veins of lower limb Superficial veins of lower limb Great saphenous vein External pudendal veins Superficial external pudendal vein Deep external pudendal vein Superficial circumflex iliac vein Great saphenous vein External pudendal veins Superficial external pudendal vein Deep external pudendal vein Superficial circumflex iliac vein Superficial epigastric vein Accessory saphenous vein Superficial dorsal veins of clitoris ♀ Superficial dorsal veins of penis ♂ Anterior labial veins ♀ Anterior scrotal veins ♂ Small saphenous vein Dorsal venous network of foot Dorsal venous arch of foot Dorsal metatarsal veins Dorsal digital veins Plantar venous network Plantar venous arch Plantar metatarsal veins Plantar digital veins Intercapitular veins Lateral marginal vein Medial marginal vein Deep veins of lower limb Superficial epigastric vein Accessory saphenous vein Superficial dorsal veins of clitoris ♀ Superficial dorsal veins of penis ♂ Anterior labial veins ♀ Anterior scrotal veins ♂ Small saphenous vein Short saphenous vein Dorsal venous network of foot Dorsal venous arch of foot Dorsal metatarsal veins Dorsal digital veins Plantar venous network Plantar venous arch Plantar metatarsal veins Plantar digital veins Intercapitular veins Lateral marginal vein Medial marginal vein Deep veins of lower limb Femoral vein Deep femoral vein Femoral vein Deep femoral vein Medial circumflex femoral veins Medial circumflex femoral veins Lateral circumflex femoral veins Lateral circumflex femoral veins Perforating veins Popliteal vein Sural veins Perforating veins Popliteal vein Sural veins Long saphenous vein Magna translates to great. External pudendal veins are superficial and deep. External pudendal veins are superficial and deep. Parva translates to small. Profunda femoris vein; Deep vein Deep vein of the thigh leads to confusion, since one may wonder which deep vein of the thigh is being of thigh referred to. Compare with Vena femoralis, femoral vein, which is not referred to as vein of the thigh. Venae geniculares Venae tibiales anteriores Venae tibiales posteriores Venae fibulares VENA PORTAE HEPATIS Ramus dexter Ramus anterior Ramus posterior Ramus sinister Pars transversa Rami lobi caudati Pars umbilicalis Ligamentum venosum Rami laterales Vena umbilicalis Ligamentum teres hepatis Rami mediales Vena cystica Venae paraumbilicales Vena pancreaticoduodenalis superior posterior Vena gastrica sinistra Genicular veins Anterior tibial veins Posterior tibial veins Fibular veins HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN Right branch Anterior branch Posterior branch Left branch Transverse part Caudate branches Umbilical part Ligamentum venosum Lateral branches Umbilical vein Round ligament of liver Medial branches Cystic vein Para-umbilical veins Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein Left gastric vein Genicular veins Anterior tibial veins Posterior tibial veins Fibular veins HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN Right branch Anterior branch Posterior branch Left branch Transverse part Caudate branches Umbilical part Ligamentum venosum Lateral branches Umbilical vein Round ligament of liver Medial branches Cystic vein Paraumbilical veins Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein Left gastric vein Vena gastrica dextra Right gastric vein Right gastric vein Vena prepylorica Vena mesenterica superior Venae jejunales Venae ileales Vena gastroomentalis dextra Prepyloric vein Superior mesenteric vein Jejunal veins Ileal veins Right gastro-omental vein Prepyloric vein Superior mesenteric vein Jejunal veins Ileal veins Right gastroomental vein Pancreatic veins Pancreaticoduodenal veins Ileocolic vein Appendicular vein Right colic vein Middle colic vein Splenic vein Pancreatic veins Short gastric veins Left gastro-omental vein Pancreatic veins Pancreaticoduodenal veins Ileocolic vein Appendicular vein Right colic vein Middle colic vein Splenic vein Pancreatic veins Short gastric veins Left gastroomental vein Inferior mesenteric vein Left colic vein Sigmoid veins Superior rectal vein Lymphatic trunks and ducts Jugular trunk Subclavian trunk Axillary lymphatic plexus Inferior mesenteric vein Left colic vein Sigmoid veins Superior rectal vein Lymphatic trunks and ducts Jugular trunk Subclavian trunk Axillary lymphatic plexus Venae pancreaticae Venae pancreaticoduodenales Vena ileocolica Vena appendicularis Vena colica dextra Vena colica media Vena splenica Venae pancreaticae Venae gastricae breves Vena gastroomentalis sinistra Vena mesenterica inferior Vena colica sinistra Venae sigmoideae Vena rectalis superior Trunci et ductus lymphatici Truncus jugularis Truncus subclavius Plexus lymphaticus axillaris Venae peroneae Vena gastroepiploica dextra Vena lienalis Vena gastroepiplocia sinistra Peroneal veins Ligament of Arantius Sappey's veins; Burow's veins Coronary vein (with right gastric vein) Coronary vein (with left gastric vein); Pyloric vein Vein of Mayo Right gastroepiploic vein; Right gastro-epiploic vein Lienal vein Left gastroepiploic vein; Left gastro-epiploic vein Superior hemorrhoidal vein Parumbilical veins with connections to the inferior epigastric veins (J Anat 130: 305-322, 1980). Truncus bronchomediastinalis Ductus lymphaticus dexter Ductus thoracicus Arcus ductus thoracici Pars cervicalis Pars thoracica Pars abdominalis Cisterna chyli Truncus lumbalis Trunci intestinales Systema lymphoideum ORGANA LYMPHOIDEA PRIMARIA Medulla ossium Thymus Lobus Lobuli thymi Cortex thymi Medulla thymi (Lobuli thymici accessorii) ORGANA LYMPHOIDEA SECUNDARIA Splen Capsula Trabeculae splenicae Pulpa splenica Pupla rubra Pulpa alba Facies diaphragmatica Facies visceralis Facies renalis Facies gastrica Facies colica (Facies pancreatica) Extremitas anterior Extremitas posterior Margo inferior Margo superior Hilum splenis Tunica serosa Sinus splenis Penicilli Noduli lymphoidei splenici (Splen accessorius) Anulus lymphoideus pharyngis Tonsilla lingualis Cryptae tonsillares Noduli lymphoidei Tonsilla palatina Pars colli Tunica fibrosa Polus anterior Polus posterior Bronchomediastinal trunk Right lymphatic duct Thoracic duct Arch of thoracic duct Cervical part Thoracic part Abdominal part Cisterna chyli Lumbar trunk Intestinal trunks Lymphoid system PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGANS Bone marrow Thymus Lobe Lobules of thymus Cortex of thymus Medulla of thymus (Accessory thymic lobules) SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS Spleen Fibrous capsule Splenic trabeculae Splenic pulp Red pulp White pulp Diaphragmatic surface Visceral surface Renal impression Gastric impression Colic impression (Pancreatic impression) Anterior extremity Posterior extremity Inferior border Superior border Splenic hilum Serosa Splenic sinus Penicilli Splenic lymphoid nodules (Accessory spleen) Pharyngeal lymphoid ring Bronchomediastinal trunk Right lymphatic duct Thoracic duct Arch of thoracic duct Cervical part Thoracic part Abdominal part Cisterna chyli Lumbar trunk Intestinal trunks Lymphoid system PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGANS Bone marrow Thymus Lobe Lobules of thymus Cortex of thymus Medulla of thymus (Accessory thymic lobules) SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS Spleen Fibrous capsule Splenic trabeculae Splenic pulp Red pulp White pulp Diaphragmatic surface Visceral surface Renal impression Gastric impression Colic impression (Pancreatic impression) Anterior extremity Posterior extremity Inferior border Superior border Splenic hilum Serosa Splenic sinus Penicilli Splenic lymphoid nodules (Accessory spleen) Pharyngeal lymphoid ring Lingual tonsil Tonsillar crypts Lymphoid nodules Palatine tonsil Lingual tonsil Tonsillar crypts Lymphoid nodules Palatine tonsil Right lymphatic duct is located in the neck, not the thorax. Chyle cistern; Cistern of Pecquet Malpighian capsule Malpighian corpuscles Serous coat Waldeyer's ring Fossulae tonsillares Cryptae tonsillares Capsula tonsillaris Tonsilla pharyngea Fossulae tonsillares Cryptae tonsillares Noduli lymphoidei Tonsilla tubaria Cryptae tonsillares Nodus lymphaticus Capsula Trabeculae Hilum Cortex Medulla Noduli lymphoidei solitarii Noduli lymphoidei aggregati Noduli lymphoidei aggregati appendicis vermiformis Nodi lymphoidei regionales Nodi lymphoidei capitis et cervicis Nodi occipitales Nodi mastoidei Nodi parotidei superficiales Nodi parotidei profundi Nodi preauriculares Nodi infraauriculares Nodi intraglandulares Nodi faciales Nodus buccinatorius Nodus nasolabialis Nodus malaris Nodus mandibularis Nodi linguales Nodi submentales Nodi submandibulares Nodi cervicales anteriores Nodi superficiales Nodi profundi Nodi infrahyoidei Nodi prelaryngei Nodi thyroidei Nodi pretracheales Nodi paratracheales Nodi retropharyngei Nodi cervicales laterales Nodi superficiales Nodus lymphoideus; Lymphonodus Nodi colli anteriores Nodi jugulares anteriores Nodi colli laterales Tonsillar pits Tonsillar crypts Tonsillar capsule Pharyngeal tonsil Tonsillar pits Tonsillar crypts Lymphoid nodules Tubal tonsil Tonsillar pits Tonsillar crypts Tonsillar capsule Pharyngeal tonsil Tonsillar pits Tonsillar crypts Lymphoid nodules Tubal tonsil Tonsillar crypts Lymph node Tonsillar crypts Lymph node Capsule Trabeculae Hilum Cortex Medulla Solitary lymphoid nodules Aggregated lymphoid nodules Lymph nodules of vermiform appendix Regional lymph nodes Lymph nodes of head and neck Capsule Trabeculae Hilum Cortex Medulla Solitary lymphoid nodules Aggregated lymphoid nodules Peyer's patches Lymph nodules of vermiform appendix Regional lymph nodes Lymph nodes of head and neck Occipital nodes Mastoid nodes Superficial parotid nodes Deep parotid nodes Pre-auricular nodes Infra-auricular nodes Intraglandular nodes Facial nodes Buccinator node Nasolabial node Malar node Mandibular node Lingual nodes Submental nodes Submandibular nodes Anterior cervical nodes Superficial nodes Deep nodes Infrahyoid nodes Prelaryngeal nodes Thyroid nodes Pretracheal nodes Paratracheal nodes Retropharyngeal nodes Lateral cervical nodes Superficial nodes Occipital nodes Mastoid nodes Superficial parotid nodes Deep parotid nodes Preauricular nodes Infraauricular nodes Intraglandular nodes Facial nodes Buccinator node Nasolabial node Malar node Mandibular node Lingual nodes Submental nodes Submandibular nodes Anterior cervical nodes Superficial nodes Deep nodes Infrahyoid nodes Prelaryngeal nodes Thyroid nodes Pretracheal nodes Paratracheal nodes Retropharyngeal nodes Lateral cervical nodes Superficial nodes Tonsil of Luschka Eustachian amygdala; Gerlach's tonsil Lymph gland Anterior jugular nodes Nodi profundi superiores Nodus jugulodigastricus Nodus lateralis Nodus anterior Nodi profundi inferiores Nodus juguloomohyoideus Nodus lateralis Nodi anteriores Nodi supraclaviculares Nodi accessorii Nodi retropharyngeales Nodi lymphoidei membri superioris Nodi lymphoidei axillares Nodi axillares apicales Nodi axillares laterales Nodi axillares posteriores Nodi axillares anteriores Nodi axillares centrales Nodi interpectorales Nodi infraclaviculares Nodi brachiales Nodi cubitales Nodi supratrochleares Nodi superficiales Nodi profundi Nodi lymphoidei thoracis Nodi paramammarii Nodi parasternales Nodi intercostales Nodi phrenici superiores Nodi prepericadiaci Nodi brachiocephalici (Nodus ligamenti arteriosi) (Nodus arcus venae azygoi) Nodi pericardiaci laterales Nodi paratracheales Nodi tracheobronchiales Nodi tracheobronchiales superiores Nodi tracheobronchiales inferiores Nodi bronchopulmonales Nodi intrapulmonales Nodi juxtaoesophagei Nodi prevertebrales Nodi lymphoidei abdominis Nodi lymphoidei parietales Nodi lumbales sinistri Nodi humerales Nodi subscapulares Nodi pectorales Nodi deltopectorales Superior deep nodes Jugulodigastric node Lateral node Anterior node Inferior deep nodes Jugulo-omohyoid node Lateral node Anterior nodes Supraclavicular nodes Accessory nodes Retropharyngeal nodes Lymph nodes of upper limb Superior deep nodes Jugulodigastric node Lateral node Anterior node Inferior deep nodes Juguloomohyoid node Lateral node Anterior nodes Supraclavicular nodes Accessory nodes Retropharyngeal nodes Lymph nodes of upper limb Axillary lymph nodes Apical axillary nodes Lateral axillary nodes Posterior axillary nodes Anterior axillary nodes Central axillary nodes Interpectoral nodes Infraclavicular nodes Brachial nodes Cubital nodes Supratrochlear nodes Superficial nodes Deep nodes Thoracic lymph nodes Paramammary nodes Parasternal nodes Intercostal nodes Superior diaphragmatic nodes Prepericardial nodes Brachiocephalic nodes (Node of ligamentum arteriosum) (Node of arch of azygos vein) Lateral pericardial nodes Paratracheal nodes Tracheobronchial nodes Superior tracheobronchial nodes Axillary lymph nodes Apical axillary nodes Lateral axillary nodes Posterior axillary nodes Anterior axillary nodes Central axillary nodes Interpectoral nodes Infraclavicular nodes Brachial nodes Cubital nodes Supratrochlear nodes Superficial nodes Deep nodes Thoracic lymph nodes Paramammary nodes Parasternal nodes Intercostal nodes Superior diaphragmatic nodes Prepericardial nodes Brachiocephalic nodes (Node of ligamentum arteriosum) Inferior tracheobronchial nodes Inferior tracheobronchial nodes Bronchopulmonary nodes Intrapulmonary nodes Juxta-oesophageal nodes Prevertebral nodes Abdominal lymph nodes Parietal lymph nodes Left lumbar nodes Bronchopulmonary nodes Intrapulmonary nodes Juxtaesophageal nodes Prevertebral nodes Abdominal lymph nodes Parietal lymph nodes Left lumbar nodes (Node of arch of azygos vein) Lateral pericardial nodes Paratracheal nodes Tracheobronchial nodes Superior tracheobronchial nodes The axillary lymph node groups should be designated as axillary. Humeral nodes Subscapular nodes Pectoral nodes Deltopectoral nodes Botallo's node Nodi aortici laterales Nodi preaortici Nodi retroaortici Nodi lumbales intermedii Nodi lumbales dextri Nodi cavales laterales Nodi precavales Nodi retrocavales Nodi phrenici inferiores Nodi epigastrici inferiores Nodi lymphoidei viscerales Nodi coeliaci Nodi gastrici dextri Nodi gastrici sinistri (Anulus lymphaticus cardiae) Nodi gastroomentales dextri Nodi gastroomentales sinistri Nodi pylorici (Nodus suprapyloricus) (Nodi subpylorici) (Nodi retropylorici) Nodi pancreatici Nodi superiores Nodi inferiores Nodi splenici Nodi pancreaticoduodenales Nodi superiores Nodi inferiores Nodi hepatici Nodus cysticus Nodus foraminalis Nodi postaortici Nodi postcavales Nodi lienales Nodi mesenterici superiores Nodi juxtaintestinales Nodi superiores centrales Nodi ileocolici Nodi precaecales Nodi retrocaecales Nodi appendiculares Nodi mesenterici Nodi paracolici Nodi colici dextri Nodi colici medii Nodi colici sinistri Nodi mesenterici inferiores Nodi sigmoidei Nodi rectales superiores Nodi lymphoidei pelvis Nodi mesocolici Lateral aortic nodes Pre-aortic nodes Retroaortic nodes Intermediate lumbar nodes Right lumbar nodes Lateral caval nodes Precaval nodes Retrocaval nodes Inferior diaphragmatic nodes Inferior epigastric nodes Visceral lymph nodes Coeliac nodes Right gastric nodes Left gastric nodes (Nodes around cardia) Right gastro-omental nodes Left gastro-omental nodes Pyloric nodes (Suprapyloric node) (Subpyloric nodes) (Retropyloric nodes) Pancreatic nodes Superior nodes Inferior nodes Splenic nodes Pancreaticoduodenal nodes Superior nodes Inferior nodes Hepatic nodes Cystic node Node of anterior border of omental foramen Superior mesenteric nodes Juxta-intestinal mesenteric nodes Lateral aortic nodes Preaortic nodes Retroaortic nodes Intermediate lumbar nodes Right lumbar nodes Lateral caval nodes Precaval nodes Retrocaval nodes Inferior diaphragmatic nodes Inferior epigastric nodes Visceral lymph nodes Celiac nodes Right gastric nodes Left gastric nodes (Nodes around cardia) Right gastroomental nodes Left gastroomental nodes Pyloric nodes (Suprapyloric node) (Subpyloric nodes) (Retropyloric nodes) Pancreatic nodes Superior nodes Inferior nodes Splenic nodes Pancreaticoduodenal nodes Superior nodes Inferior nodes Hepatic nodes Cystic node Node of anterior border of omental foramen Superior mesenteric nodes Juxtaintestinal mesenteric nodes Central superior mesenteric nodes Ileocolic nodes Precaecal nodes Retrocaecal nodes Appendicular nodes Mesenteric nodes Paracolic nodes Right colic nodes Middle colic nodes Left colic nodes Inferior mesenteric nodes Sigmoid nodes Superior rectal nodes Pelvic lymph nodes Central superior mesenteric nodes Ileocolic nodes Prececal nodes Retrocecal nodes Appendicular nodes Mesenteric nodes Paracolic nodes Right colic nodes Middle colic nodes Left colic nodes Inferior mesenteric nodes Sigmoid nodes Superior rectal nodes Pelvic lymph nodes Postaortic nodes Postcaval nodes Pancreaticosplenic nodes Mesocolic nodes Splenic nodes are commonly referred to as pancreaticosplenic nodes. Nodi lymphoidei parietales Nodi iliaci communes Nodi mediales Nodi intermedii Nodi laterales Nodi subaortici Nodi promontorii Nodi iliaci externi Nodi mediales Nodi intermedii Nodi laterales (Nodus lacunaris medialis) (Nodus lacunaris intermedius) (Nodus lacunaris lateralis) Nodi interiliaci Nodi obturatorii Nodi iliaci interni Nodi glutei Nodi superiores Nodi inferiores Nodi sacrales Nodi lymphoidei viscerales Nodi paravesicales Nodi prevesicales Nodi postvesicales Nodi vesicales laterales Nodi parauterini ♀ Nodi paravaginales ♀ Nodi pararectales Nodi lymphoidei membri inferioris Nodi lymphoidei inguinales Nodi inguinales superficiales Nodi superomediales Nodi superolaterales Nodi inferiores Nodi inguinales profundi (Nodus proximalis) (Nodus intermedius) Nodus distalis Nodi poplitei Nodi superficiales Nodi profundi (Nodus tibialis anterior) (Nodus tibialis posterior) (Nodus fibularis) Systema nervosum TEXTUS NERVOSUS Nodi retrovesicales Nodi anorectales Parietal nodes Common iliac nodes Medial nodes Intermediate nodes Lateral nodes Subaortic nodes Promontorial nodes External iliac nodes Medial nodes Intermediate nodes Lateral nodes (Median lacunar node) (Intermediate lacunar node) (Lateral lacunar node) Interiliac nodes Obturator nodes Internal iliac nodes Gluteal nodes Superior nodes Inferior nodes Sacral nodes Visceral lymph nodes Paravesical nodes Prevesical nodes Postvesical nodes Lateral vesical nodes Para-uterine nodes ♀ Paravaginal nodes ♀ Pararectal nodes Lymph nodes of lower limb Parietal nodes Common iliac nodes Medial nodes Intermediate nodes Lateral nodes Subaortic nodes Promontorial nodes External iliac nodes Medial nodes Intermediate nodes Lateral nodes (Median lacunar node) (Intermediate lacunar node) (Lateral lacunar node) Interiliac nodes Obturator nodes Internal iliac nodes Gluteal nodes Superior nodes Inferior nodes Sacral nodes Visceral lymph nodes Paravesical nodes Prevesical nodes Postvesical nodes Lateral vesical nodes Parauterine nodes ♀ Paravaginal nodes ♀ Pararectal nodes Lymph nodes of lower limb Inguinal lymph nodes Superficial inguinal nodes Superomedial nodes Superolateral nodes Inferior nodes Deep inguinal nodes (Proximal node) Inguinal lymph nodes Superficial inguinal nodes Superomedial nodes Superolateral nodes Inferior nodes Deep inguinal nodes (Proximal node) (Intermediate node) Distal node Popliteal nodes Superficial nodes Deep nodes (Anterior tibial node) (Posterior tibial node) (Fibular node) Nervous system NERVOUS TISSUE (Intermediate node) Distal node Popliteal nodes Superficial nodes Deep nodes (Anterior tibial node) (Posterior tibial node) (Fibular node) Nervous system NERVOUS TISSUE Retrovesical nodes Anorectal nodes Node of Rosenmüller, Node of Rosenmuller Node of Cloquet Peroneal node This Section combines TH and TA. Textus nervosus centralis Tissue of central nervous system Substantia grisea Grey matter Nucleus Nucleus nervi cranialis Nucleus originis Nucleus terminationis Nucleus nervi spinalis Columna Lamina Neuropilus Substantia alba Funiculus Tractus Tractus commissuralis Tractus proprius Tractus associationis Tractus longus Tractus ascendens Tractus descendens Stria Fasciculus Lemniscus Decussatio Commissura Neurofibrae centrales Neurofibra centrals afferens Neurofibra centrals efferens Neurofibra associationis Nucleus Nucleus of cranial nerve Nucleus of origin Terminal nucleus Nucleus of spinal nerve Column Lamina Neuropil White matter Funiculus Tract Commissural tract Intrinsic tract Association tract Long tract Ascending tract Descending tract Stria Fasciculus Lemniscus Decussation Commissure Central nerve fibres; Afferent central nerve fibre Efferent central nerve fibre Association nerve fibre Nucleus Nucleus of cranial nerve Nucleus of origin Terminal nucleus Nucleus of spinal nerve Column Lamina Neuropil White matter Funiculus Tract Commissural tract Intrinsic tract Association tract Long tract Ascending tract Descending tract Stria Fasciculus Lemniscus Decussation Commissure Central nerve fiber Afferent central nerve fiber Efferent central nerve fiber Association nerve fiber Commissural nerve fibre Projection nerve fibre Internuncial nerve fibre Reticular formation Ependyma Cells of nervous tissue Neurons Sensory neurons Unipolar neuron Pseudo-unipolar neuron Peripheral process Central process Bipolar neuron Interneurons Interneuron with short axon Commissural nerve fiber Projection nerve fiber Internuncial nerve fiber Reticular formation Ependyma Cells of nervous tissue Neurons Sensory neurons Unipolar neuron Pseudounipolar neuron Peripheral process Central process Bipolar neuron Interneurons Interneuron with short axon Neurofibra commissuralis Neurofibra projectionis Neurofibra internuncialis Formatio reticularis Ependyma Cellulae textus nervosi Neura Neura sensoria Neuron unipolare Neuron pseudounipolare Processus peripheralis Processus centralis Neuron bipolare Interneura Interneuron breviaxonicum Interneuron excitatorium Interneuron inhibitorium Stratum Tractus projectionis Fibra Neura internuncialia Neuron multipolare breviaxonicum Excitatory interneuron Inhibitory interneuron Tissue of central nervous system Gray matter Excitatory interneuron Inhibitory interneuron Textus nervosus periphericus under PNS. Grey substance; Gray substance Layer White substance Terms added from TA, p. 104. Projection tract Fascicle Fibre; Fiber Association fibre; Association fiber Neura was accepted as plural for Neuron. Photoreceptors (Rods and Cones). Internuncial neurons Local circuit interneuron; Eponym: Golgi type II. Multipolar neuron with short axon Interneuron longiaxonicum Neuron projectionis Neuron commissurale Neuron associationis Motoneura Motoneuron somaticum Neuron multipolare longiaxonicum Neura motoria Motoneuron branchiale Motoneuron viscerale Motoneuron autonomicum Motoneuron parasympathicum craniale Motoneuron parasympathicum craniale preganglionare Motoneuron parasympathicum spinale Motoneuron parasympathicum spinale preganglionare Motoneuron sympathicum preganglionare Motoneuron sympathicum spinale Motoneuron neuroendocrinum Motoneuron neuroendocrinum magnocellulare Motoneuron neuroendocrinum parvocellulare Neuron afferens Neuron efferens Neuron secretorium Substantia neurosecretoria Vesicula neurosecretoria Neuron pigmentosum Neuron melaniferum Neuromelanocytus Neuron Neurolemma Perikaryon Gemmula somatica Colliculus axonalis Neurofibrilla Neurofilamentum Microtubulus neuralis Neurotubulus Substantia chromatophilica Processus neuralis Neuritus Axon Axolemma Axoplasma Segmentum initiale Densitas subaxolemmalis Ramus collateralis axonis Interneuron with long axon Interneuron with long axon Projection neuron Commissural neuron Association neuron Motor neurons Somatic motor neuron Projection neuron Commissural neuron Association neuron Motor neurons Somatic motor neuron Multipolar neuron with long axon See Footnote 1; eponym: Golgi type I. See Footnote 1. See Footnote 1. See Footnote 1. Motoneuron as English synonym. Motoneurons Somatic motoneuron; Somatomotoneuron Branchial motor neuron Branchial motor neuron Branchial motoneuron; Branchiomotoneuron Visceral motor neuron Visceral motor neuron Visceral motoneuron; For Ganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic (Postganglionic) motoneurons, see Nomina generalia Visceromotoneuron; Autonomic of PNS. motoneuron Cranial parasympathetic motor Cranial parasympathetic motor Cranial parasympathetic For Preganglionic autonomic neurons motoneuron for consistency. neuron neuron motoneuron; Preganglionic cranial parasympathetic motoneuron Spinal parasympathetic motor Spinal parasympathetic motor neuron neuron Spinal parasympathetic motoneuron; Preganglionic spinal parasympathetic motoneuron Spinal sympathetic motor Spinal sympathetic motor Spinal sympathetic motoneuron; neuron neuron Preganglionic sympathetic motoneuron Neuroendocrine motor neuron Neuroendocrine motor neuron Neuroendocrine motoneuron Magnocellular neuroendocrine Magnocellular neuroendocrine Magnocellular neuroendocrine motor neuron motor neuron motoneuron Parvocellular neuroendocrine Parvocellular neuroendocrine Parvocellular neuroendocrine motor neuron motor neuron motoneuron Afferent neuron Afferent neuron Efferent neuron Efferent neuron Secretory neuron Secretory neuron Neurosecretory material Neurosecretory material Neurosecretory vesicle Neurosecretory vesicle Pigmented neuron Pigmented neuron Neuromelanin cell Neuromelanin cell Neuron Neuron Neurone Neurolemma Neurolemma Neurilemma Perikaryon Perikaryon Nerve cell body Somatic spine Somatic spine Axon hillock Axon hillock Neurofibril Neurofibril Neurofilament Neurofilament Neural microtubule Neural microtubule Neurotubule Chromatophilic substance Chromatophilic substance Neuronal process Neuronal process Neurite Axon Axon Axolemma Axolemma Axoplasm Axoplasm Initial segment Initial segment Subaxolemmal density Subaxolemmal density Axon collateral Axon collateral Plasmalemma of neuron. Related terms: Neurosoma, Corpus neuronis. Neuritus: any process extending from the cell body. Plasmalemma of axon Ramus collateralis recurrens axonis Varicositas axonalis Bulbus preterminalis Segmentum intervaricosum Telodendron Pes terminalis Bulbulus terminalis Terminatio calycealis axonis Calyx terminalis axonis Dendritum Rami dendritici Ramus dendriticus primarius Ramus dendriticus secundarius Ramus dendriticus tertiarius Appendices dendriticae Varicositas dendritica Gemmulae dendriticae Gemmula dendritica Apparatus gemmularis Gemmula sessilis Gemmula longa Caput gemmulae Stipes gemmulae Gemmula ramosa Gemmula uncinata Spinula dendritica Terminatio calycealis Terminationes neurales Terminationes receptoriae Terminatio neuralis libera Terminatio neuralis tecta Terminatio effectoria Neuroglia Gliocytus Corpus gliocyticum Processus gliocyticus Pigmentum gliae Gliocyti centrales Ependymocyti Ependymocytus columnaris Ependymocytus ciliatus Ependymocytus choroideus Cellula supraependymalis Tanycytus Astrocyti Astrocytus Gliofilamentum Astrocytus protoplasmicus Recurrent axon collateral Recurrent axon collateral Axon varicosity Preterminal bouton Intervaricose segment Terminal arborization Terminal pedicle Terminal bouton Calyceal axonal ending Dendrite Dendritic branches Primary dendritic branch Axon varicosity Preterminal bouton Intervaricose segment Terminal arborization Terminal pedicle Terminal bouton Calyceal axonal ending Dendrite Dendritic branches Primary dendritic branch Secondary dendritic branch Calyx terminalis dendriti Astroglia Tertiary dendritic branch Dendritic appendages Dendritic varicosity Dendritic spines Dendritic spine Spine apparatus Sessile spine Thin-necked spine Spine head Spine stalk Branched spine Crooked spine Dendritic spinule Calyceal dendritic ending Nerve endings Receptor nerve endings Free nerve ending Encapsulated nerve ending Effector nerve ending Neuroglia Glial cell Glial cell body Glial process Glial pigment Central glial cells Ependymal cells Columnar ependymal cell Ciliated ependymal cell Choroid ependymal cell Supra-ependymal cell Tanycyte Astrocytes Astrocyte Glial filament Protoplasmic astrocyte Bouton en passant Calciform terminal Replaced from Terminationes neurales. Ibid. Calyx terminalis axonis adopted from Calyx terminalis. Dendritic shafts Secondary dendritic branch Tertiary dendritic branch Dendritic appendages Dendritic varicosity Dendritic spines Dendritic spine Spine apparatus Sessile spine Thin-necked spine Spine head Spine stalk Branched spine Crooked spine Dendritic spinule Calyceal dendritic ending Nerve endings Receptor nerve endings Free nerve ending Encapsulated nerve ending Effector nerve ending Neuroglia Glial cell Glial cell body Glial process Glial pigment Central glial cells Ependymal cells Columnar ependymal cell Ciliated ependymal cell Choroid ependymal cell Supraependymal cell Tanycyte Astrocytes Astrocyte Glial filament Protoplasmic astrocyte Dendritic appendices Stubby spine Calyx terminalis is added. Latin receptores corrected to receptoriae. Ibid., effectoris to effectoria. Gliocyte English synonym added. TH term corrected to Glial cell body. Gliocytes Ependymocytes Columnar ependymocyte Ciliated ependymocyte Choroid ependymocyte English synonym added. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Astroglia The general term Astroglia is merged with Astrocyti. Astrocytus fibrosus Processus pialis Membrana limitans glialis superficialis Processus vascularis Membrana limitans glialis perivascularis Processus ependymalis Membrana limitans glialis periventricularis Oligodendrocyti Oligodendrocytus Processus myelinopoieticus Oligodendrocytus interfascicularis Oligodendrocytus intrafascicularis Oligodendrocytus perifascicularis Oligodendrocytus perivascularis Oligodendrocytus satellitus Microgliocytus Gliocyti peripherici Gliocytus ganglionicus Schwannocyti Schwannocytus nonmyelinatus Mesaxon Schwannocytus myelinatus Schwannocytus terminalis Tegumentum neuronale Spatium periaxonale Mesoaxon internum Stratum myelini Lamella myelini Linea densa major Fissura lineae densae majoris Linea densa minor Fissura lineae intraperiodicae Mesaxon externum Incisura myelini Nodus interruptionis myelini Interdigitatio nodalis Fissura nodalis Substantia fissurae nodalis Intumescentia nodalis axonis Densitas axolemmalis nodi Regio paranodalis Manica lamellaris terminalis Oligodendroglia Oligodendrocytus perineuronalis Microglia Cellula teloglialis Linea intraperiodica Fissura intraperiodica Fibrous astrocyte Pial process Limiting membrane of superficial glia Vascular process Limiting membrane of perivascular glia Ependymal process Limiting membrane of periventricular glia Oligodendrocytes Oligodendrocyte Myelinating process Interfascicular oligodendrocyte Fibrous astrocyte Pial process Limiting membrane of superficial glia Vascular process Limiting membrane of perivascular glia Ependymal process Limiting membrane of periventricular glia Oligodendrocytes Oligodendroglia Oligodendrocyte Myelinating process Interfascicular oligodendrocyte Intrafascicular oligodendrocyte Intrafascicular oligodendrocyte Perifascicular oligodendrocyte Perifascicular oligodendrocyte Perivascular oligodendrocyte Perivascular oligodendrocyte Satellite oligodendrocyte Satellite oligodendrocyte Microglial cell Peripheral glial cells Satellite cell Schwann cells Nonmyelinating Schwann cell Microglial cell Peripheral glial cells Satellite cell Schwann cells Nonmyelinating Schwann cell Mesaxon Myelinating Schwann cell Terminal Schwann cell Neuronal sheath Periaxonal space Inner mesaxon Myelin sheath Myelin lamella Major dense line Fissure of major dense line Minor dense line Fissure of intraperiod line Outer mesaxon Myelin cleft Myelin sheath gap Nodal interdigitation Nodal gap Nodal gap substance Nodal axon enlargement Axolemmal density Paranodal region Terminal lamellar sleeve Mesaxon Myelinating Schwann cell Terminal Schwann cell Neuronal sheath Periaxonal space Inner mesaxon Myelin sheath Myelin lamella Major dense line Fissure of major dense line Minor dense line Fissure of intraperiod line Outer mesaxon Myelin cleft Myelin sheath gap Nodal interdigitation Nodal gap Nodal gap substance Nodal axon enlargement Axolemmal density Paranodal region Terminal lamellar sleeve New term added for the following membrane. Oligodendroglia is merged with Oligodendrocyti. Myelinating is a better term than Myelinizing. Perineural oligodendrocyte English synonym: Perineuronal oligodendrocyte. Microgliocyte Microglia merged with Microgliocytus. TH Tegumentum neuronale terms under Gliocyti peripherici. Satellite glial cell Schwannocytus is official TH term. Related term: Neurolemmocytus (Neurolemmocyte). Related term: Neurolemmocytus nonmyelinatus (Nonmyelinating neurolemmocyte). Terminal glial cell Related term: Neurolemmocytus myelinatus (Myelinating neurolemmocyte). Related term: Neurolemmocytus terminalis (Terminal neurolemmocyte). Intraperiod line Intraperiod gap The synonym Intermediate line has been deleted. Myelin incisure Eponym: Schmidt-Lantermann. Eponym: (Node of) Ranvier. Divisio lineae densae majoris Divisio lineae interperiodicae Infundibulum paranodale Constrictio paranodalis axonis Segmentum internodale Synapses Synapsis nonvesicularis Nexus Synapses vesiculares Synapsis vesicularis Pars presynaptica Vesiculae synapticae Vesicula synaptica Vinculum vesiculae synapticae Neurotransmittens Vesicula lucida rotunda Vesicula lucida plana Vesicula densonuclearis parva Vesicula densonuclearis magna Zona activa Cribrum presynapticum Protuberantia conica Membrana presynaptica Densitas presynaptica Fissura synaptica Substantia intrafissuralis Pars postsynaptica Membrana postsynaptica Densitas postsynaptica Apparatus postsynapticus Trama subsynaptica Synapsis fasciolaris Corpusculum synapticum Fasciolus synapticus Sphaera synaptica Synapsis symmetrica Synapsis asymmetrica Synapsis alternans Synapsis preteriens Glomerulus synapticus Synaptosoma Synapses neuroneuronales Synapsis axoaxonalis Synapsis axodendritica Synapsis axosomatica Synapsis dendrodendritica Synapsis somatodendritica Synapsis electrica Macula communicans Synapses chemicae Vesiculae presynapticae Vesicula presynaptica Synapses interneuronales Split of major dense line Split of intraperiod line Paranodal pocket Paranodal constriction of axon Internodal segment Synapses Nonvesicular synapse Gap junction Vesicular synapses Vesicular synapse Presynaptic region Synaptic vesicles Synaptic vesicle Synaptic vesicle linking strand Neurotransmitter Round clear vesicle Flat clear vesicle Small dense-core vesicle Split of major dense line Split of intraperiod line Paranodal pocket Paranodal constriction of axon Internodal segment Synapses Nonvesicular synapse Gap junction Vesicular synapses Vesicular synapse Presynaptic region Synaptic vesicles Synaptic vesicle Synaptic vesicle linking strand Neurotransmitter Round clear vesicle Flat clear vesicle Small dense-core vesicle Large dense-core vesicle Large dense-core vesicle Active zone Presynaptic grid Conical projection Presynaptic membrane Presynaptic density Synaptic cleft Synaptic cleft material Postsynaptic region Postsynaptic membrane Postsynaptic density Postsynaptic apparatus Subsynaptic web Ribbon synapse Synaptic body Synaptic ribbon Synaptic sphere Symmetrical synapse Asymmetrical synapse Reciprocal synapse Synapse en passant Synaptic glomerule Synaptosome Neuroneuronal synapses Axo-axonal synapse Axodendritic synapse Axosomatic synapse Dendrodendritic synapse Somatodendritic synapse Active zone Presynaptic grid Conical projection Presynaptic membrane Presynaptic density Synaptic cleft Synaptic cleft material Postsynaptic region Postsynaptic membrane Postsynaptic density Postsynaptic apparatus Subsynaptic web Ribbon synapse Synaptic body Synaptic ribbon Synaptic sphere Symmetrical synapse Asymmetrical synapse Reciprocal synapse Synapse en passant Synaptic glomerule Synaptosome Neuroneuronal synapses Axoaxonal synapse Axodendritic synapse Axosomatic synapse Dendrodendritic synapse Somatodendritic synapse Related term: Split of intermediate line. Electrical synapse Chemical synapses Presynaptic vesicles Presynaptic vesicle Round electrolucent vesicle Flat electrolucent vesicle Subsynaptic membrane Type 1 synapse Type 2 synapse Eponym: Gray. Eponym: Gray. Interneuronal synapses English synonym Interneuronal synapses added. Synapsis somatosomatica Synapsis excitatoria Synapsis inhibitoria Synapsis afferens Synapsis efferens Synapsis neuromuscularis Synapsis neuroglialis Synapses neuroglandulares Synapsis extraparenchymatica Synapsis parenchymatica Synapsis neurovascularis Synapsis neurohaemalis Pars centralis MENINGES Dura mater Dura mater cranialis Laminae Pars periostea durae matris cranialis Pars meningea durae matris cranialis Lamina neurothelialis durae matris Processus durae matris cranialis Falx cerebri Tentorium cerebelli Incisura tentorii Junctio neuromuscularis Systema nervosum centrale Pachymeninx Dura mater encephali Endocranium Plica petroclinoidea anterior Plica petroclinoidea posterior Somatosomatic synapse Excitatory synapse Inhibitory synapse Afferent synapse Efferent synapse Neuromuscular synapse Somatosomatic synapse Excitatory synapse Inhibitory synapse Afferent synapse Efferent synapse Neuromuscular synapse Neuroglial synapse Neuroglandular synapses Extraparenchymal synapse Parenchymal synapse Neurovascular synapse Neurohaemal synapse Central nervous system MENINGES Dura mater Cranial dura mater Layers Periosteal cranial dura mater Neuroglial synapse Neuroglandular synapses Extraparenchymal synapse Parenchymal synapse Neurovascular synapse Neurohemal synapse Central nervous system MENINGES Dura mater Cranial dura mater Layers Periosteal cranial dura mater Epilemmal synapse Hypolemmal synapse Pachymeninx Endocranium Term added from TH. Meningeal cranial dura mater Meningeal cranial dura mater Ibid. Dural border cell layer Dural border cell layer Term added from TH. Processes of cranial dura mater Falx cerebri Tentorium cerebelli Tentorial notch Anterior petroclinoid fold Posterior petroclinoid fold Ligamentum petroclinoideum Ligamentum sphenopetrosum Petroclinoid ligament superius Canalis nervi abducentis Abducens nerve canal Falx cerebelli Falx cerebelli Diaphragma sellae Diaphragma sellae Foramen diaphragmatis sellae Foramen of diaphragma sellae Cavum trigeminale Trigeminal cave Ligamentum petrolinguale Ligamentum sphenopetrosum Petrolingual ligament inferius Porus trigeminus Trigeminal opening Spatia Spaces (Spatium epidurale) Spatium extradurale (Epidural space) (Spatium subdurale) (Subdural space) Compartimentum supratentoriale Supratentorial compartment Compartimentum infratentoriale Dura mater spinalis Spatium epidurale Spatium peridurale Neuromuscular junction; Motor end plate Infratentorial compartment Spinal dura mater Epidural space Processes of cranial dura mater Falx cerebri Tentorium cerebelli Tentorial notch Cerebral falx Cerebellar tentorium Incisure of tentorium; Tentorial incisure; Pacchioni's foramen Anterior petroclinoid fold Posterior petroclinoid fold Petroclinoid ligament See Footnote 2. See Footnote 3. Superior sphenopetrous ligament Abducens nerve canal Falx cerebelli Cerebellar falx Diaphragma sellae Sellar diaphragm Foramen of diaphragma sellae Trigeminal cave Petrolingual ligament Trigeminal opening Spaces (Epidural space) (Subdural space) Supratentorial compartment Infratentorial compartment Spinal dura mater Epidural space Trigeminal cavity; Meckel's cave Inferior sphenopetrous ligament See Footnote 4; eponym: Gruber. See Footnote 5; eponym: Dorello. Eponym: Pacchioni. See Footnote 6. See Footnote 6. Extradural space See Footnote 7. New term for Space within Skull. Ibid. Peridural space Saccus durae matris spinalis Leptomeninx Arachnoidea mater Lamina neurothelialis claustri arachnoidei Spatium subarachnoideum Liquor cerebrospinalis Granulationes arachnoideae Macula cellularis Colliculus cellularis Trabeculae arachnoideae Protrusio neurothelialis Villus arachnoideus Capsula villi Cupula apicalis Cellula arachnoidea cupularis Stratum cellularum arachnoidearum cupularium Cumulus cellularum arachnoidearum cupularium Cervix villi Centrum trabeculare villi Arachnoidea mater cranialis Spatium subarachnoideum craniale Cisternae subarachnoideae Membranae intercisternales Membrana intercisternalis basalis Cisternae infratentoriae Cisternae basales caudales Cisterna premedullaris Cisterna prepontina Cisterna interpeduncularis Cisternae laterales caudales Cisterna cerebellomedullaris lateralis Cisterna cerebellopontina Cisterna meati acustici interni Cisterna ambiens Cisternae dorsales caudales Cisterna cerebellomedullaris posterior Cisterna cerebellaris superior Cisternae supratentoriae Cisternae basales rostrales Cisterna hypophysialis Spatium leptomeningeum Dural sac Leptomeninx Arachnoid Arachnoid barrier cell layer Dural sac Leptomeninx Arachnoid Arachnoid barrier cell layer Thecal sac TH terms added. Arachnoid mater In English, Arachnoid is used (without mater). Added from TH. Subarachnoid space Cerebrospinal fluid Arachnoid granulations Subarachnoid space Cerebrospinal fluid Arachnoid granulations Leptomeningeal space Cellular macula Cellular colliculus Arachnoid trabeculae Neurothelial protrusion Arachnoid villus Capsule of villus Apical cap Arachnoid cap cell Cellular macula Cellular colliculus Arachnoid trabeculae Neurothelial protrusion Arachnoid villus Capsule of villus Apical cap Arachnoid cap cell Villous capsule Added from TH. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Arachnoid cap cell layer Ibid. Arachnoid cap cell cluster Arachnoid cap cell cluster Ibid. Neck of arachnoid villus Central core Arachnoidea mater encephali Cranial arachnoid Cisterna magna Added from TH. Ibid. Arachnoid cap cell layer Collum villi Cisterna pontocerebellaris Pacchionian granulations or bodies Neck of arachnoid villus Central core Cranial arachnoid Cervix villi as official Latin term (Roberto Fadda, Ferrara). Added from TH. Cranial arachnoid mater Cranial subarachnoid space Cranial subarachnoid space Subarachnoid cisterns Intercisternal membranes Basal intercisternal membrane Infratentorial cisterns Caudal basal cisterns Premedullary cistern Prepontine cistern Interpeduncular cistern Caudal lateral cisterns Lateral cerebellomedullary cistern Cerebellopontine cistern Cistern of internal acoustic meatus Cisterna ambiens Caudal dorsal cisterns Posterior cerebellomedullary cistern Superior cerebellar cistern Supratentorial cisterns Rostral basal cisterns Hypophysial cistern Subarachnoid cisterns Intercisternal membranes Basal intercisternal membrane See Footnote 9. See Footnote 10. See Footnote 10. Infratentorial cisterns Posterior fossa cisterns Caudal basal cisterns Premedullary cistern Prepontine cistern Interpeduncular cistern Caudal lateral cisterns Lateral cerebellomedullary cistern See Footnote 9. Cerebellopontine cistern Cistern of internal acoustic meatus Cisterna ambiens Caudal dorsal cisterns Posterior cerebellomedullary cistern Superior cerebellar cistern Supratentorial cisterns Rostral basal cisterns Hypophyseal cistern Not in TA. Not in TA. Pontocerebellar cistern Ambient cistern Cisterna magna Not in TA. Not in TA. Cisterna chiasmatica Cisterna laminae terminalis Cisternae laterales rostrales Cisterna carotica Cisterna olfactoria Cisterna fossae lateralis cerebri Cisterna valleculae cerebri Cisterna sulci centralis Cisternae dorsales rostrales Cisterna quadrigeminalis Cisterna fissurae transversae Cisterna pericallosa Arachnoidea mater spinalis Spatium subarachnoideum spinale Septum subarachnoideum dorsale Cisterna lumbalis Pia mater Pia mater cranialis Lamina externa piae matris Lamina interna piae matris Spatium subpiale Tela choroidea Tela choroidea ventriculi quarti Tela choroidea ventriculi tertii Velum interpositum Plexus choroideus Epithelium choroideum Epitheliocytus choroideus Cellula epiplexalis Psammoma Claustrum hematoliquorosum Plexus choroideus ventriculi quarti Plexus choroideus ventriculi tertii Plexus choroideus ventriculi lateralis Claustrum hematoencephalicum Glomus choroideum Pia mater spinalis Linea splendens Ligamentum denticulatum Septum cervicale intermedium Cisterna venae magnae cerebri Cisterna veli interpositi Pia mater encephali Chiasmatic cistern Cistern of lamina terminalis Rostral lateral cisterns Carotid cistern Olfactory cistern Cistern of lateral cerebral fossa Cistern of cerebral vallecula Cistern of central sulcus Rostral dorsal cisterns Quadrigeminal cistern Chiasmatic cistern Cistern of lamina terminalis Rostral lateral cisterns Carotid cistern Olfactory cistern Cistern of lateral cerebral fossa Cistern of cerebral vallecula Cistern of central sulcus Rostral dorsal cisterns Quadrigeminal cistern Cistern of transverse fissure Pericallosal cistern Spinal arachnoid mater Spinal subarachnoid space Cistern of transverse fissure Pericallosal cistern Spinal arachnoid mater Spinal subarachnoid space Dorsal subarachnoid septum Dorsal subarachnoid septum Lumbar cistern Pia mater Cranial pia mater Lamina externa of pia mater Lamina interna of pia mater Subpial space Tela choroidea Tela choroidea of fourth ventricle Tela choroidea of third ventricle Lumbar cistern Pia mater Cranial pia mater Lamina externa of pia mater Lamina interna of pia mater Subpial space Tela choroidea Tela choroidea of fourth ventricle Waterbed of Hilton Ibid. Ibid. Sylvian cistern Not in TA. Ibid. Cistern of great cerebral vein; Superior cistern; Waterbed of Hilton Cistern of velum interpositum Not in TA. Term added from TH. Ibid. Ibid. As heading. Tela choroidea of third ventricle Velum interpositum Velum interpositum Choroid plexus Choroid plexus Choroid epithelium Choroid epithelium Choroid epitheliocyte Choroid epitheliocyte Epiplexus cell Epiplexus cell Inclusion body Inclusion body Blood-cerebrospinal fluid Blood-cerebrospinal fluid Blood-liquor barrier barrier barrier Choroid plexus of fourth Choroid plexus of fourth ventricle ventricle Choroid plexus of third ventricle Choroid plexus of third ventricle Choroid plexus of lateral ventricle Blood-brain barrier Choroid plexus of lateral ventricle Choroidal enlargement Spinal pia mater Linea splendens Denticulate ligament Intermediate cervical septum Choroidal enlargement Spinal pia mater Linea splendens Denticulate ligament Intermediate cervical septum Blood-brain barrier Term added. As heading. TH Term added with components. Eponym: Kolmer. Eponym: Biondi. From TH; Blood-liquor barrier as English synonym. Term added from TH. Linea splendens is pia mater that forms a sheath for the anterior spinal artery Filum terminale Filum terminale externum Filum terminale internum Pars spinalis fili terminalis Pars duralis fili terminalis Pars pialis fili terminalis Medulla spinalis Morphologia externa Intumescentia cervicalis Intumescentia lumbosacralis Conus medullaris Ventriculus terminalis Sulcus medianus posterior Septum medianum posterius Sulcus posterolateralis Sulcus intermedius posterior Fissura mediana anterior Sulcus anterolateralis Funiculi medullae spinalis Pars cervicalis Pars duralis; Ligamentum coccygeum Pars pialis Ligamentum coccygeum; Filum terminale externum Filum terminale internum Sulcus medianus dorsalis Septum medianum dorsale Sulcus intermedius dorsalis Fissura mediana ventralis Segmenta cervicalia 1-8 Pars thoracica Pars lumbalis Pars sacralis Pars coccygea Morphologia interna Canalis centralis Substantia grisea Columna posterior Segmenta thoracica 1-12 Segmenta lumbalia 1-5 Segmenta sacralia 1-5 Segmenta coccygea 1-3 Cornu posterius Lamina spinalis I Lamina spinalis II Laminae spinales III-IV Lamina spinalis V Lamina spinalis VI Processus reticularis Nucleus cervicalis lateralis Nucleus spinalis lateralis Cornu dorsale Zona marginalis Substantia gelatinosa Nucleus proprius Columna dorsalis Nucleus posterior funiculi lateralis Typi neurales Neura cornus posterioris Neura cornu sdorsalis Interneura cornus posterioris Interneura cornus dorsalis Interneuron excitatorium Cellula centralis transiens (Lamina II) Cellula radialis (Lamina II) Cellula verticalis (Lamina II) Interneuron inhibitorium Filum terminale Filum terminale externum Filum terminale Filum terminale externum Terminal filum Dural part; Coccygeal ligament Filum terminale internum Spinal part of filum terminale Dural part Filum terminale internum Spinal part of filum terminale Dural part Pial part; Pial filament Pial part Spinal cord External features Cervical enlargement Lumbosacral enlargement Conus medullaris Terminal ventricle Posterior median sulcus Posterior median septum Posterolateral sulcus Posterior intermediate sulcus Anterior median fissure Anterolateral sulcus Funiculi of spinal cord Cervical part Pial part Spinal cord External features Cervical enlargement Lumbosacral enlargement Conus medullaris Terminal ventricle Posterior median sulcus Posterior median septum Posterolateral sulcus Posterior intermediate sulcus Anterior median fissure Anterolateral sulcus Funiculi of spinal cord Cervical part Thoracic part Lumbar part Sacral part Coccygeal part Internal features Central canal Grey substance Posterior column Thoracic part Lumbar part Sacral part Coccygeal part Internal features Central canal Grey substance Posterior column Thoracic segments 1-12 Lumbar segments 1-5 Sacral segments 1-5 Coccygeal segments 1-3 Posterior horn Spinal lamina I Spinal lamina II Spinal laminae III and IV Spinal lamina V Spinal lamina VI Reticular process Lateral cervical nucleus Lateral spinal nucleus Posterior horn Spinal lamina I Spinal lamina II Spinal laminae III and IV Spinal lamina V Spinal lamina VI Reticular process Lateral cervical nucleus Lateral spinal nucleus Dorsal horn Marginal zone Gelatinous substance Nucleus proprius Neuron types Posterior horn neurons Posterior horn interneurons Excitatory interneuron Transient central cell (Lamina II) Radial cell (Lamina II) Vertical cell (Lamina II) Neuron types Posterior horn neurons Dorsal horn neurons Posterior horn interneurons Dorsal horn interneurons Excitatory interneuron Transient central cell (Lamina II) Radial cell (Lamina II) Vertical cell (Lamina II) Inhibitory interneuron Inhibitory interneuron Coccygeal ligament; Filum terminale externum Filum terminale internum Move from spinal cord suggested by TNA working group Alternative suggested by TNA working group Alternative suggested by TNA working group Medullary cone Dorsal median sulcus Dorsal median septum Dorsolateral sulcus Dorsal intermediate sulcus Ventral median fissure Ventrolateral sulcus Until the 6th edition of Nomina Anatomica, dorsal was used. Until the 6th edition of Nomina Anatomica, dorsal was used. Cervical segments 1-8 Arabic numerals are used for spinal cord segments, as should all numbers referring to vertebral or spinal levels. Roman numerals should be used for cranial nerves. Dorsal column Until the 6th edition of Nomina Anatomica, dorsal was used. Until the 6th edition of Nomina Anatomica, ventral was used. The use of Rexed layers has become standard; the terms Apex, Caput, Cervix and Basis are listed as Related terms; eponym: Rexed. See Footnote 25. Eponym: Rolando. See Footnote 26; eponym: von Lenhossék. Posterior nucleus of lateral funiculus See Footnote 27. See Footnote 27. See Footnote 28. Cellula insularis (Lamina II) Cellula centralis tonica (Lamina II) Interneuron inhibitorium Ib (Lamina VI) Neura projectionis Neuron marginale (Lamina I) Cellula originis tractus spinocervicalis Cellula originis tractus spinoreticularis Cellula originis tractus spinomesencephalici Cellula originis tractus spinothalamici Cellula originis fibrae postsynapticae tractus columnae dorsalis Neuron associationis Neuron propriospinale breve (Laminae V, VI) Columna intermedia Lamina spinalis VII Substantia intermedia centralis Nucleus thoracicus posterior Nucleus cervicalis centralis Nucleus intermediomedialis Nucleus intercalatus spinalis Substantia intermedia lateralis Nucleus parasympathicus sacralis Cornu laterale Nucleus intermediolateralis Pars principalis Pars funicularis Centrum ciliospinale Typi neurales Neura zonae intermediae Interneura zonae intermediae Interneuron excitatorium Interneuron inhibitorium Interneuron inhibitorium Ia (Lamina VII) Interneuron inhibitorium recurrens (Lamina VII) Neura projectionis Cellula originis tractus spinocerebellaris Cellula originis tractus spinoreticularis Cellula originis tractus spinomesencephalici Cellula originis tractus spinothalamici Islet cell (Lamina II) Tonic central cell (Lamina II) Neura funicularia spinale Neuron propriospinale Zona intermedia Nucleus dorsalis Neura funicularia spinale Islet cell (Lamina II) Tonic central cell (Lamina II) Ib-inhibitory interneuron (Lamina VI) Projection neurons Marginal neuron (Lamina I) Cell of origin of spinocervical tract Cell of origin of spinoreticular tract Cell of origin of spinomesencephalic tract Cell of origin of spinothalamic tract Cell of origin of postsynaptic dorsal column tract Ib-inhibitory interneuron (Lamina VI) Projection neurons Spinal tract neurons Marginal neuron (Lamina I) Cell of origin of spinocervical tract Cell of origin of spinoreticular tract Cell of origin of spinomesencephalic tract Cell of origin of spinothalamic tract Cell of origin of postsynaptic dorsal column tract Association neuron Short propriospinal neuron (Lamina V, VI) Intermediate column Spinal lamina VII Central intermediate substance Posterior thoracic nucleus Central cervical nucleus Intermediomedial nucleus Spinal intercalated nucleus Lateral intermediate substance Sacral parasympathetic nucleus Lateral horn Intermediolateral nucleus Principal part Funicular part Ciliospinal centre Neuron types Intermediate zone neurons Intermediate zone interneurons Excitatory interneuron Inhibitory interneuron Ia-inhibitory interneuron (Lamina VII) Recurrent inhibitory interneuron (Lamina VII) Projection neurons Cell of origin of spinocerebellar tract Cell of origin of spinoreticular tract Cell of origin of spinomesencephalic tract Cell of origin of spinothalamic tract Association neuron Propriospinal neuron Short propriospinal neuron (Lamina V, VI) Intermediate column Intermediate zone Spinal lamina VII Central intermediate substance Posterior thoracic nucleus Dorsal nucleus Central cervical nucleus Intermediomedial nucleus Spinal intercalated nucleus Lateral intermediate substance Sacral parasympathetic nucleus Lateral horn Intermediolateral nucleus Principal part Funicular part Ciliospinal center Neuron types Intermediate zone neurons Intermediate zone interneurons Excitatory interneuron Inhibitory interneuron Ia-inhibitory interneuron (Lamina VII) Recurrent inhibitory interneuron (Lamina VII) Projection neurons Spinal tract neurons Cell of origin of spinocerebellar tract Cell of origin of spinoreticular tract Cell of origin of spinomesencephalic tract Cell of origin of spinothalamic tract Eponym: Waldeyer. Not further specified to Laminae. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. See Footnote 31. Latin synonym added. Eponyms: Clarke, Stilling-Clarke. Related term: Nucleus cervicalis medialis. See Footnote 29. Singular, only one nucleus. See Footnote 29. Eponym: Budge. See Footnote 30. See Footnote 30. Ibid.; eponym: Renshaw. Neura associationis Neura propriospinalia Neuron propriospinale breve (Lamina VII) Neuron propriospinale intermedium (Lamina VII) Neuron propriospinale longum (Lamina VII) Motoneuron zonae intermediae Motoneuron parasympathicum Motoneuron spinale parasympathicum spinale preganglionare Motoneuron sympathicum Motoneuron sympathicum spinale preganglionare Columna anterior Cornu anterius Lamina spinalis VIII Lamina spinalis IX Nuclei motorii mediales Nucleus anteromedialis Nucleus posteromedialis Nuclei motorii laterales Nucleus centralis Nucleus anterior Nucleus anterolateralis Nucleus posterolateralis Nucleus retroposterolateralis Nucleus nervi accessorii Nucleus nervi phrenici Nucleus nervi pudendi Aggregatio motoneurorum Typi neurales Neura cornus anterioris Interneura cornus anterioris Interneuron excitatorium Interneuron inhibitorium Neuron projectionis Cellula marginalis spinalis (Lamina IX) Neuron associationis Neuron propriospinale longum (Lamina IX) Motoneuron somaticum cornus anterioris Motoneuron epaxiale Motoneuron hypaxiale Motoneuron appendiculare Motoneuron α Motoneuron β Motoneuron γ Substantia alba Funiculus posterior Columna ventralis Cornu ventrale Nuclei motorii Nucleus ventromedialis Nucleus dorsomedialis Nucleus ventralis Nucleus ventrolateralis Nucleus dorsolateralis Nucleus retrodorsolateralis Neura cornus ventralis Interneura cornus ventralis Neuron funiculare spinale Neuron propriospinale Motoneuron somaticum cornus ventralis Funiculus dorsalis Association neurons Short propriospinal neuron (Lamina VII) Intermediate propriospinal neuron (Lamina VII) Long propriospinal neuron (Lamina VII) Motor neuron of intermediate zone Spinal parasympathetic motor neuron Association neurons Short propriospinal neuron (Lamina VII) Intermediate propriospinal neuron (Lamina VII) Long propriospinal neuron (Lamina VII) Motor neuron of intermediate zone Spinal parasympathetic motor neuron Spinal sympathetic motor neuron Spinal sympathetic motor neuron Anterior column Anterior horn Spinal lamina VIII Spinal lamina IX Medial motor nuclei Anteromedial nucleus Posteromedial nucleus Lateral motor nuclei Central nucleus Anterior nucleus Anterolateral nucleus Posterolateral nucleus Retroposterolateral nucleus Nucleus of accessory nerve Nucleus of phrenic nerve Nucleus of pudendal nerve Motor pool Neuron types Anterior horn neurons Anterior horn interneurons Excitatory interneuron Inhibitory interneuron Projection neuron Spinal border cell (Lamina IX) Anterior column Anterior horn Spinal lamina VIII Spinal lamina IX Medial motor nuclei Anteromedial nucleus Posteromedial nucleus Lateral motor nuclei Central nucleus Anterior nucleus Anterolateral nucleus Posterolateral nucleus Retroposterolateral nucleus Nucleus of accessory nerve Nucleus of phrenic nerve Nucleus of pudendal nerve Motor pool Neuron types Anterior horn neurons Anterior horn interneurons Excitatory interneuron Inhibitory interneuron Projection neuron Spinal border cell (Lamina IX) Association neuron Long propriospinal neuron (Lamina IX) Anterior horn motor neuron Association neuron Long propriospinal neuron (Lamina IX) Anterior horn motor neuron Epaxial motor neuron Hypaxial motor neuron Appendicular motor neuron Motor neuron α Motor neuron β Motor neuron γ White substance Posterior funiculus Epaxial motor neuron Hypaxial motor neuron Appendicular motor neuron Motor neuron α Motor neuron β Motor neuron γ White substance Posterior funiculus Propriospinal neurons See Footnote 31. Motoneuron of intermediate zone Spinal parasympathetic motoneuron; Preganglionic spinal parasympathetic motoneuron Spinal sympathetic motoneuron; Preganglionic sympathetic motoneuron Ventral column Ventral horn Motor nuclei Ventromedial nucleus Dorsomedial nucleus Ventral nucleus Ventrolateral nucleus Dorsolateral nucleus Retrodorsolateral nucleus Spinal accessory nucleus Phrenic nucleus Eponym: Onuf (from Onufrowicz). Term added from TE. Ventral horn neurons Ventral horn interneurons So far, no useful subdivision into Excitatory and Inhibitory interneurons. Spinal tract neuron Part of cells of origin of VSCT. Propriospinal neuron Ventral horn motor neuron; Anterior horn motoneuron; Ventral horn motoneuron Epaxial motoneuron Hypaxial motoneuron Appendicular motoneuron Motoneuron α Motoneuron β Evidence on the human spinal cord is conflicting. Motoneuron γ Dorsal funiculus Radices centrales Fasciculus gracilis Fasciculus cuneatus Tractus proprii Fasciculus proprius posterior Fasciculus septomarginalis Fasciculus interfascicularis Fasciculus cornucommissuralis Tractus longi Tractus ascendentes Fibrae spinocuneatae Fibrae spinograciles Tractus descendentes Fibrae cuneospinales Fibrae gracilispinales Fasciculus posterolateralis Zona ingressionis radicis posterioris Pars lateralis Pars medialis Fibrae afferentes somatosensoriae Fibrae afferentes proprioceptivae Fibrae afferentes viscerosensoriae Funiculus lateralis Tractus proprii Fasciculus proprius lateralis Tractus spinocervicalis Tractus longi Tractus ascendentes Tractus anterolateralis Fasciculi proprii Fasciculus proprius dorsalis Fasciculus semilunaris Fasciculus dorsolateralis Zona ingressionis radicis dorsalis Fasciculi proprii Systema anterolateralis; Lemniscus spinalis Tractus spinoreticularis Tractus spinoparabrachialis Tractus spinomesencephalicus Tractus spinothalamicus lateralis Tractus spinohypothalamicus Tractus cervicothalamicus Tractus spinoolivaris Tractus spinovestibularis Tractus spinocerebellares Tractus spinocerebellaris posterior Tractus spinocerebellaris anterior Tractus cuneocerebellaris Tractus spinocerebellaris rostralis Tractus spinocerebellaris dorsalis Tractus spinocerebellaris ventralis Central roots Gracile fasciculus Fasciculus cuneatus Intrinsic tracts Posterior fasciculus proprius Central roots Gracile fasciculus Fasciculus cuneatus Intrinsic tracts Posterior fasciculus proprius Septomarginal fasciculus Interfascicular fasciculus Cornucommissural fasciculus Long tracts Ascending tracts Spinocuneate fibres Spinogracile fibres Descending tracts Cuneospinal fibres Gracilespinal fibres Posterolateral tract Posterior root entry zone Septomarginal fasciculus Interfascicular fasciculus Cornucommissural fasciculus Long tracts Ascending tracts Spinocuneate fibers Spinogracile fibers Descending tracts Cuneospinal fibers Gracilespinal fibers Posterolateral tract Posterior root entry zone Lateral component Medial component Somatosensory afferent fibres Lateral component Medial component Somatosensory afferent fibers Somatosensory afferents include Aβ-, Aδ- and C-fibres. Proprioceptive afferent fibres Proprioceptive afferent fibers Proprioceptive afferents are divided into type I-IV fibres. Viscerosensory afferent fibres Viscerosensory afferent fibers Viscerosensory afferents are mainly Aδ- and C-fibres. Lateral funiculus Intrinsic tracts Lateral fasciculus proprius Spinocervical tract Long tracts Ascending tracts Anterolateral tract Lateral funiculus Intrinsic tracts Lateral fasciculus proprius Spinocervical tract Long tracts Ascending tracts Anterolateral tract Spinoreticular tract Spinoparabrachial tract Spinomesencephalic tract Spinoreticular tract Spinoparabrachial tract Spinomesencephalic tract Lateral spinothalamic tract Lateral spinothalamic tract Spinohypothalamic tract Cervicothalamic tract Spino-olivary tract Spinovestibular tract Spinocerebellar tracts Posterior spinocerebellar tract Spinohypothalamic tract Cervicothalamic tract Spinoolivary tract Spinovestibular tract Spinocerebellar tracts Posterior spinocerebellar tract Dorsal spinocerebellar tract See Footnote 35. Pars spinalis. Pars spinalis; see Footnote 36. Separate tract as Spino-olivary tract. Heading for four Spinocerebellar tracts; Pars spinalis; eponym: Flechsig. Anterior spinocerebellar tract; Anterior spinocerebellar tract; Ventral spinocerebellar tract Pars spinalis; eponym: Gowers. Cuneocerebellar tract Rostral spinocerebellar tract Cuneocerebellar tract Rostral spinocerebellar tract Pars spinalis; eponym: Goll. Pars spinalis; eponym: Burdach. Propriospinal tracts Dorsal fasciculus proprius; Posterior ground bundle; Dorsal ground bundle See Footnote 32. Comma tract See Footnote 32; eponyms: Flechsig, Philippe-Gombault. See Footnote 32; eponym: Schultze. See Footnote 32. Dorsolateral tract Dorsal root entry zone Related term: Tractus posterolateralis; eponym: (Zone of) Lissauer. See Footnote 33. Propriospinal tracts Lateral ground bundle Anterolateral system; Spinal lemniscus See Footnote 32. Replaced. Pars spinalis; see Footnote 34. Tractus spino-mesencephallicus replaces Tractus spinotectalis; most fibres go to the Intercollicular nucleus and PAG. Eponym: Edinger. Pars spinalis; upper limb equivalent of the Dorsal spinocerebellar tract for the lower limb. Pars spinalis; upper limb equivalent of the Ventral spinocerebellar tract for the lower limb. Tractus descendentes Tractus corticospinalis lateralis Tractus rubrospinalis Tractus reticulospinalis lateralis Tractus fastigiospinalis Tractus interpositospinalis Tractus caeruleospinalis Tractus hypothalamospinalis Tractus raphespinalis lateralis Tractus solitariospinalis Tractus trigeminospinalis Funiculus anterior Tractus proprii Fasciculus proprius anterior Descending tracts Lateral corticospinal tract Rubrospinal tract Tractus bulbo-reticulospinalis Lateral reticulospinal tract Descending tracts Lateral corticospinal tract Rubrospinal tract Lateral reticulospinal tract Medullary reticulospinal tract; Bulboreticulospinal tract Pars spinalis; eponym: von Monakow. Pars spinalis; see Footnote 48. Fastigiospinal tract Interpositospinal tract Caeruleospinal tract Hypothalamospinal tract Lateral raphespinal tract Solitariospinal tract Trigeminospinal tract Anterior funiculus Propriospinal tracts Anterior fasciculus proprius Fastigiospinal tract Interpositospinal tract Caeruleospinal tract Hypothalamospinal tract Lateral raphespinal tract Solitariospinal tract Trigeminospinal tract Anterior funiculus Propriospinal tracts Anterior fasciculus proprius Fasciculus sulcomarginalis Tractus longi Tractus ascendentes Tractus spinothalamicus anterior Tractus spinothalamicus ventralis Tractus descendentes Tractus corticospinalis anterior Tractus corticospinalis ventralis Tractus vestibulospinalis lateralis Sulcomarginal fasciculus Long tracts Ascending tracts Anterior spinothalamic tract Sulcomarginal fasciculus Long tracts Ascending tracts Anterior spinothalamic tract Ventral spinothalamic tract Eponym: Dejerine. Descending tracts Anterior corticospinal tract Descending tracts Anterior corticospinal tract Ventral corticospinal tract For Olivospinal fibres, see Footnote 36. Eponym: Türck. Lateral vestibulospinal tract Lateral vestibulospinal tract Pars spinalis Tractus vestibulospinalis medialis Medial vestibulospinal tract Medial vestibulospinal tract Pars spinalis Funiculus ventralis Fasciculi proprii Fasciculus proprius ventralis Tractus reticulospinalis medialis Tractus ponto-reticulospinalis Medial reticulospinal tract Medial reticulospinal tract Tractus interstitiospinalis Tractus tectospinalis Tractus raphespinalis anterior Interstitiospinal tract Tectospinal tract Tractus raphespinalis ventralis Anterior raphespinal tract Interstitiospinal tract Tectospinal tract Anterior raphespinal tract Central cord structures Central cord structures Spinal area X Spinal area X Structurae centrales medullae spinalis Area spinalis X Commissura grisea anterior Commissura grisea ventralis Anterior grey commissure Anterior gray commissure Commissura grisea posterior Commissura grisea dorsalis Posterior grey commissure Posterior gray commissure Commissura alba anterior Commissura alba posterior Encephalon TRUNCUS ENCEPHALI MYELENCEPHALON Morphologia externa Obex Sulcus medianus posterior Tuberculum gracile Tuberculum cuneatum Tuberculum trigeminale Commissura alba ventralis Commissura alba dorsalis Anterior white commissure Posterior white commissure Brain BRAIN STEM Medulla oblongata; Bulbus MYELENCEPHALON External features Obex Sulcus medianus dorsalis Posterior median sulcus Gracile tubercle Cuneate tubercle Trigeminal tubercle Anterior white commissure Posterior white commissure Brain BRAIN STEM MYELENCEPHALON External features Obex Posterior median sulcus Gracile tubercle Cuneate tubercle Trigeminal tubercle Coeruleospinal tract Ventral funiculus Intrinsic tracts Ventral fasciculus proprius; Anterior ground bundle; Ventral ground bundle Pars spinalis Pars spinalis Pars spinalis Pars spinalis; tract instead of Fibrae. Pars spinalis Pars spinalis Pars spinalis See Footnote 32. Eponym: Marie. Pontine reticulospinal tract; Pontoreticulospinal tract Ventral raphespinal tract Pars spinalis; see Footnote 48. Pars spinalis Pars spinalis; eponym: Held. Pars spinalis The term Lamina X is deleted; this is not a layer (see Rexed B 1952 J Comp Neurol 96:415-419; Rexed B 1954 J Comp Neurol 100:297-379). Ventral grey commissure; Ventral gray commissure Dorsal grey commissure; Dorsal gray commissure Ventral white commissure Dorsal white commissure Medulla oblongata; Bulb Dorsal median sulcus Sulcus posterolateralis Oliva Area retroolivaris Sulcus retroolivaris Sulcus preolivaris Pyramis medullae oblongatae Sulcus anterolateralis Foramen caecum medullae oblongatae Fissura mediana anterior Morphologia interna Substantia grisea Posterolateral sulcus Inferior olive Retro-olivary area Retro-olivary groove Pre-olivary groove Pyramid Ventrolateral sulcus Foramen caecum of medulla oblongata Anterior median fissure Internal features Grey matter Posterolateral sulcus Inferior olive Retroolivary area Retroolivary groove Preolivary groove Pyramid Ventrolateral sulcus Foramen cecum of medulla oblongata Anterior median fissure Internal features Gray matter Nuclei somatosensorii Nucleus gracilis Pars centralis Pars rostralis Subnucleus rostrodorsalis Nucleus parvocellularis compactus Nucleus cuneatus Pars caudalis Pars rotunda Pars triangularis Pars rostralis Nucleus cuneatus accessorius Nucleus cuneatus externus Nucleus precuneatus accessorius Somatosensory nuclei Gracile nucleus Central part Rostral part Rostrodorsal subnucleus Compact parvocellular nucleus Somatosensory nuclei Gracile nucleus Central part Rostral part Rostrodorsal subnucleus Compact parvocellular nucleus Cuneate nucleus Caudal part Round part Triangular part Rostral part Accessory cuneate nucleus Pre-accessory cuneate nucleus Cuneate nucleus Caudal part Round part Triangular part Rostral part Accessory cuneate nucleus Preaccessory cuneate nucleus Nucleus pericuneatus medialis Nucleus pericuneatus lateralis Nucleus endolemniscalis Nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini Medial pericuneate nucleus Lateral pericuneate nucleus Endolemniscal nucleus Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve Caudal subnucleus Trigeminal lamina I Trigeminal lamina II Trigeminal laminae III and IV Interpolar subnucleus Peritrigeminal nucleus Viscerosensory nuclei Area postrema Nuclei of solitary tract Parasolitary nucleus Commissural solitary nucleus Medial pericuneate nucleus Lateral pericuneate nucleus Endolemniscal nucleus Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve Caudal subnucleus Trigeminal lamina I Zonal layer Trigeminal lamina II Gelatinous layer Trigeminal laminae III and IV Magnocellular layer Gelatinous solitary nucleus Intermediate solitary nucleus Interstitial solitary nucleus Medial solitary nucleus Paracommissural solitary nucleus Posterior solitary nucleus Gelatinous solitary nucleus Intermediate solitary nucleus Interstitial solitary nucleus Medial solitary nucleus Paracommissural solitary nucleus Posterior solitary nucleus Subnucleus caudalis Lamina trigeminalis I Lamina trigeminalis II Laminae trigeminales III-IV Sulcus dorsolateralis Pyramis bulbi Sulcus ventrolateralis Fissura mediana ventralis Lamina zonalis Lamina gelatinosus Lamina magnocellularis Subnucleus interpolaris Nucleus peritrigeminalis Nuclei viscerosensorii Area postrema Nuclei tractus solitarii Nucleus parasolitarius Nucleus solitarius commissuralis Nucleus solitarius gelatinosus Nucleus solitarius intermedius Nucleus solitarius interstitialis Nucleus solitarius medialis Nucleus solitarius paracommissuralis Nucleus solitarius posterior Nucleus solitarius dorsalis Interpolar subnucleus Peritrigeminal nucleus Viscerosensory nuclei Area postrema Nuclei of solitary tract Parasolitary nucleus Commissural solitary nucleus Dorsolateral sulcus Ventrolateral sulcus Ventral median fissure Grey substance; Gray substance The Substantia grisea placed before the Substantia alba for consistency. See Footnote 37. Eponym: Goll. Cell nest region Shell region Cell group Z See Footnote 38. Eponym: Burdach; see Footnote 39. External cuneate nucleus Cell group X Eponym: von Monakow. Solitary nuclei For consistency, word order of several nuclei is corrected. Related term: Nucleus commissuralis. Related term: Nucleus gelatinosus solitarius. Related term: Nucleus intermedius solitarius. Related term: Nucleus interstitialis solitarius. Related term: Nucleus medialis solitarius. Related term: Nucleus paracommissuralis solitarius. Dorsal solitary nucleus Nucleus solitarius posterolateralis Nucleus solitarius anterior Nucleus solitarius anterolateralis Nuclei vestibulares Nucleus vestibularis inferior Pars magnocellularis nuclei vestibularis inferioris Nucleus vestibularis medialis Pars magnocellularis Pars parvocellularis Nucleus marginalis corporis restiformis Nuclei acustici Nucleus cochlearis posterior Lamina molecularis Lamina granularis Lamina profunda Typi neurales Neuron projectionis Neuron fusiforme Neuron giganteum Interneuron excitatorium Neuron granulosum Interneuron inhibitorium Neuron verticale (Cellula rotiformis) Nucleus cochlearis anterior Pars anterior Pars posterior Pars cupularis Typi neurales Neuron projectionis Neuron stellatum Neuron fruticosum spheroideum Neuron fruticosum globulare Neuron octopodiforme Interneuron inhibitorium Neuron multipolare Nuclei somatomotorii Nucleus nervi hypoglossi Nuclei branchiomotorii Nucleus supraspinalis Nucleus ambiguus Nuclei visceromotorii Nucleus posterior nervi vagi Nucleus salivatorius inferior Nuclei reticulares Nucleus reticularis centralis Nucleus solitarius dorsolateralis Nucleus solitarius ventralis Nucleus solitarius ventrolateralis Nuclei auditorii Nucleus cochlearis dorsalis Neuron principale Nucleus cochlearis ventralis Neuron principale Nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi Posterolateral solitary nucleus Posterolateral solitary nucleus Dorsolateral solitary nucleus Anterior solitary nucleus Anterolateral solitary nucleus Anterior solitary nucleus Anterolateral solitary nucleus Ventral solitary nucleus Ventrolateral solitary nucleus Vestibular nuclei Inferior vestibular nucleus Magnocellular part of inferior vestibular nucleus Medial vestibular nucleus Magnocellular part Parvocellular part Marginal nucleus of restiform body Auditory nuclei Posterior cochlear nucleus Molecular layer Granular layer Deep layer Neuron types Projection neuron Fusiform cell Giant cell Excitatory interneuron Granule cell Inhibitory interneuron Vertical cell (Cartwheel cell) Anterior cochlear nucleus Anterior part Posterior part Cap region Neuron types Projection neuron Stellate cell Spherical bushy cell Vestibular nuclei Inferior vestibular nucleus Magnocellular part of inferior vestibular nucleus Medial vestibular nucleus Magnocellular part Parvocellular part Marginal nucleus of restiform body Auditory nuclei Posterior cochlear nucleus Molecular layer Granular layer Deep layer Neuron types Projection neuron Fusiform cell Giant cell Excitatory interneuron Granule cell Inhibitory interneuron Vertical cell (Cartwheel cell) Anterior cochlear nucleus Anterior part Posterior part Cap region Neuron types Projection neuron Stellate cell Spherical bushy cell Globular bushy cell Globular bushy cell Descending vestibular nucleus Cell group F Eponym: Schwalbe. Cell group Y See Footnote 40. Dorsal cochlear nucleus Principal neuron See Footnote 41. Ventral cochlear nucleus New term from Paxinos G, Huang X-F (1995 Atlas of Human Brainstem. AP, San Diego). Principal neuron T-multipolar cell. Octopus cell Inhibitory interneuron Multipolar cell Somatomotor nuclei Nucleus of hypoglossal nerve Branchiomotor nuclei Supraspinal nucleus Nucleus ambiguus Visceromotor nuclei Posterior nucleus of vagus nerve Octopus cell Inhibitory interneuron Multipolar cell D-multipolar cell. Somatomotor nuclei Nucleus of hypoglossal nerve Branchiomotor nuclei Supraspinal nucleus Nucleus ambiguus Ventral nucleus of vagus nerve Visceromotor nuclei Posterior nucleus of vagus nerve Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve Inferior salivatory nucleus Reticular nuclei Central reticular nucleus Inferior salivatory nucleus Reticular nuclei Central reticular nucleus The Nucleus commissuralis nervi vagi is deleted (not existing). See Footnote 42; eponym: Kohnstamm. Central nucleus of medulla oblongata Pars dorsalis Pars ventralis Nucleus gigantocellularis Nucleus gigantocellularis proper Pars alpha Nucleus gigantocellularis anterior Nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis Nucleus reticularis parvocellularis Nucleus paragigantocellularis posterior Zona reticularis intermedia Dorsal part Dorsal part Ventral part Ventral part Gigantocellular reticular nucleus Gigantocellular reticular nucleus Proper gigantocellular nucleus Nucleus gigantocellularis ventralis Nucleus paragigantocellularis dorsalis Nucleus reticularis intermedius Centrum respiratorium ventrale rostrale Centrum respiratorium ventrale caudale Centrum expiratorium medullae Centrum generans motum respiratorium Centrum vasomotorium medullae ventrolaterale rostrale Centrum vasomotorium medullae ventrolaterale caudale Nuclei neuromodulatorii Nuclei raphes Nucleus raphes pallidus Nucleus raphes obscurus Nucleus raphes magnus Cellulae adrenergicae Cellulae adrenergicae medullae oblongatae Cellulae noradrenergicae Cellulae noradrenergicae medullae oblongatae Nuclei limbici Nucleus retroambiguus Nuclei precerebellares Complexus olivaris inferior Nuclei olivares inferiores Nucleus olivaris principalis Lamella posterior Lamella dorsalis Lamella anterior Lamella ventralis Lamella lateralis Hilum nuclei olivaris inferioris Nucleus olivaris accessorius posterior Nucleus olivaris accessorius dorsalis Proper gigantocellular nucleus Pars alpha Anterior gigantocellular reticular nucleus Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus Parvocellular reticular nucleus Pars alpha Anterior gigantocellular reticular nucleus Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus Parvocellular reticular nucleus Posterior paragigantocellular reticular nucleus Intermediate reticular zone Posterior paragigantocellular reticular nucleus Intermediate reticular zone Rostral ventral respiratory group Caudal ventral respiratory group Medullary expiratory centre Rostral ventral respiratory group Caudal ventral respiratory group Medullary expiratory center Centre generating respiratory rhythm Rostral ventrolateral medullary vasomotor neurons Caudal ventrolateral medullary vasomotor neurons Neuromodulatory nuclei Cellulae serotonergicae Raphe nuclei Cellulae serotonergicae B1 Raphe pallidus nucleus Cellulae serotonergicae B2 Raphe obscurus nucleus Cellulae serotonergicae B3 Raphe magnus nucleus Adrenergic cells Cellulae adrenergicae C1, C2 Adrenergic cells in medulla oblongata Noradrenergic cells Cellulae noradrenergicae A1, Noradrenergic cells in medulla A2 oblongata Limbic nuclei Retroambiguus nucleus Precerebellar nuclei Inferior olivary complex Principal olivary nucleus Posterior lamella Anterior lamella Lateral lamella Hilum of inferior olivary nucleus Posterior accessory olivary nucleus Related nucleus: Nucleus reticularis medialis. Center generating respiratory rhythm Rostral ventrolateral medullary vasomotor neurons Caudal ventrolateral medullary vasomotor neurons Neuromodulatory nuclei Raphe nuclei Raphe pallidus nucleus Raphe obscurus nucleus Raphe magnus nucleus Epinephric cells Epinephric cells in medulla oblongata Norepinephric cells Norepinephric cells in medulla oblongata Limbic nuclei Retroambiguus nucleus Precerebellar nuclei Inferior olivary complex Principal olivary nucleus Posterior lamella Anterior lamella Lateral lamella Hilum of inferior olivary nucleus Posterior accessory olivary nucleus Eponym: Meessen-Olszewski. Ventral gigantocellular nucleus Term added from Olszewski and Baxter3. Dorsal paragigantocellular reticular nucleus Intermediate reticular zone See Footnote 43. Bötzinger group of expiratory neurons Pre-Bötzinger cells, generating respiratory rhythm Serotonergic cell groups Serotonergic cell group B1 Serotonergic cell group B2 Serotonergic cell group B3 Adrenergic cell groups C1, C2; Epinephric cells C1, C2 Added parts of Aggregationes cellularum chemergicarum. Related term: Raphe medullae oblongatae. Related term: Pallidal raphe nucleus. Related term: Obscurus raphe nucleus. Related term: Magnus raphe nucleus. Latin term simplified as for A1 and A2; Cellulae adrenergicae C1, C2 added. Noradrenergic cell groups A1, A2; Added: Cellulae noradrenergicae A1, A2. Norepinephric cell groups A1, A2 Inferior olivary nuclei Dorsal lamella Ventral lamella Dorsal accessory olivary nucleus Nucleus olivaris accessorius medialis Nucleus reticularis lateralis Pars magnocellularis Pars parvocellularis Pars subtrigeminalis Nuclei perihypoglossales Nucleus subhypoglossalis Nucleus intercalatus Nucleus prepositus Nucleus arcuatus Nucleus conterminalis Nucleus interfascicularis nervi hypoglossi Nucleus pontobulbaris Nuclei tractus paramediani Nucleus interfascicularis medullae Nuclei pararapheales Nucleus paramedianus posterior Nucleus paramedianus dorsalis Substantia alba Radices centrales Tractus solitarius Tractus spinalis nervi trigemini Tractus longi Tractus ascendentes medullae spinalis Tractus columnae dorsales Fasciculus gracilis Fasciculus cuneatus Tractus anterolateralis Lemniscus spinalis Fibrae spinobulbares Fibrae spinoreticulares bulbi Tractus cervicothalamicus Tractus spinoolivaris Fibrae spinovestibulares Tractus ascendentes trunci encephalici Lemniscus medialis Fibrae arcuatae internae Decussatio lemniscorum medialium Tractus trigeminothalamici Tractus trigeminothalamicus Tractus trigemino-thalamicus anterior ventralis; Lemniscus trigeminalis Tractus trigeminothalamicus lateralis Connexus cerebelli Pedunculus cerebellaris inferior Corpus restiforme Tractus spinocerebellaris Tractus spinocerebellaris posterior dorsalis Medial accessory olivary nucleus Lateral reticular nucleus Magnocellular part Parvocellular part Subtrigeminal part Perihypoglossal nuclei Subhypoglossal nucleus Intercalated nucleus Prepositus nucleus Arcuate nucleus Conterminal nucleus Interfascicular nucleus of hypoglossal nerve Pontobulbar nucleus Paramedian tract nuclei Medullary interfascicular nucleus Pararaphe nuclei Posterior paramedian nucleus Medial accessory olivary nucleus Lateral reticular nucleus Magnocellular part Parvocellular part Subtrigeminal part Perihypoglossal nuclei Subhypoglossal nucleus Intercalated nucleus Prepositus nucleus Arcuate nucleus Conterminal nucleus Interfascicular nucleus of hypoglossal nerve Pontobulbar nucleus Paramedian tract nuclei Medullary interfascicular nucleus Pararaphe nuclei Posterior paramedian nucleus White matter Central roots Solitary tract Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve Long tracts Ascending tracts from spinal cord Dorsal column pathways Gracile fasciculus Cuneate fasciculus Anterolateral tract Spinobulbar fibres Bulbar spinoreticular fibres Cervicothalamic tract Spino-olivary tract Spinovestibular fibres Ascending tracts from brain stem Medial lemniscus Internal arcuate fibres Decussation of medial lemnisci Trigeminothalamic tracts Anterior trigeminothalamic tract White matter White substance Central roots Solitary tract Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve Long trats Ascending tracts from spinal cord Dorsal column pathways Gracile fasciculus Cuneate fasciculus Anterolateral tract Spinal lemniscus Spinobulbar fibers Bulbar spinoreticular fibers Cervicothalamic tract Spinoolivary tract Spinovestibular fibers Ascending tracts from brain stem Medial lemniscus Internal arcuate fibers Decussation of medial lemnisci Sensory decussation Lateral trigeminothalamic tract Eponym: Roller. Eponym: Staderini. Eponym: Marburg. See Footnote 44. Replaced from Reticular nuclei. See Footnote 45. PMT cell group 1 PMT cell group 2 Dorsal paramedian nucleus Trigeminothalamic tracts Anterior trigeminothalamic tract Ventral trigeminothalamic tract; Trigeminal lemniscus Lateral trigeminothalamic tract Cerebellar connections Cerebellar connections Inferior cerebellar peduncle Inferior cerebellar peduncle Restiform body Restiform body Posterior spinocerebellar tract Posterior spinocerebellar tract Related term: Nucleus funiculi anterioris; eponym: Jacobsohn; see Footnote 46. Pars medullaris Pars medullaris; eponym: Goll. Pars medullaris; eponym: Burdach. Pars medullaris; only fibres from the Spinal lemniscus terminating in the Myelencephalon. Bulbi/bulbar added. Pars medullaris Pars medullaris Pars medullaris Latin term in TA (Decussatio lemnisci medialis) corrected. Partes medullares; see Footnote 47. Pars medullaris Pars medullaris Pars medullaris Dorsal spinocerebellar tract Pars medullaris; eponym: Flechsig. Tractus spinocerebellaris rostralis Fibrae cuneocerebellares Fibrae arcuatae externae posteriores Fibrae arcuatae externae anteriores Fibrae trigeminocerebellares Tractus olivocerebellaris Fibrae nucleocerebellares Rostral spinocerebellar tract Fibrae arcuatae externae dorsales Fibrae arcuatae externae ventrales Fibrae raphecerebellares Corpus juxtarestiforme Fibrae vestibulocerebellares Fibrae vestibulocerebellares primariae Fibrae vestibulocerebellares secundariae Fibrae cerebellovestibulares Fibrae fastigiobulbares Fibrae fastigiospinales Tractus spinocerebellaris anterior Tractus spinocerebellaris ventralis Tractus descendentes Tractus pyramidalis Fibrae corticospinales Fibrae corticonucleares bulbi Fibrae corticoreticulares Decussatio pyramidum Fibrae amygdalotegmentales Tractus hypothalamospinalis Tractus tegmentalis medialis Tractus pretectoolivaris Tractus prerubroolivaris Tractus tectobulbaris Fibrae tectoreticulares Fibrae tectoolivares Tractus tectospinalis Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis Tractus interstitiospinalis Tractus vestibulospinalis medialis Fasciculus longitudinalis Fasciculus longitudinalis posterior dorsalis Tractus rubrospinalis Tractus tegmentalis centralis Tractus rubroolivaris Amiculum olivare Tractus caeruleospinalis Tractus cerebellospinales Tractus fastigiospinalis Tractus interpositospinalis Rostral spinocerebellar tract Pars medullaris Cuneocerebellar fibres Cuneocerebellar fibers Posterior external arcuate Posterior external arcuate Dorsal external arcuate fibres; fibres fibers Dorsal external arcuate fibers Anterior external arcuate fibres Anterior external arcuate fibers Ventral external arcuate fibres; Ventral external arcuate fibers Trigeminocerebellar fibres Trigeminocerebellar fibers Olivocerebellar tract Olivocerebellar tract Nucleocerebellar fibres Nucleocerebellar fibers Raphecerebellar fibres Juxtarestiform body Vestibulocerebellar fibres Primary vestibulocerebellar fibres Secondary vestibulocerebellar fibres Cerebellovestibular fibres Fastigiobulbar fibres Fastigiospinal fibres Anterior spinocerebellar tract Raphecerebellar fibers Juxtarestiform body Vestibulocerebellar fibers Primary vestibulocerebellar fibers Secondary vestibulocerebellar fibers Cerebellovestibular fibers Fastigiobulbar fibers Fastigiospinal fibers Anterior spinocerebellar tract Ventral spinocerebellar tract Descending tracts Pyramidal tract Corticospinal fibres Bulbar corticonuclear fibres Corticoreticular fibres Decussation of pyramids Amygdalotegmental fibres Hypothalamospinal tract Medial tegmental tract Pretecto-olivary tract Prerubro-olivary tract Tectobulbar tract Tectoreticular fibres Tecto-olivary fibres Tectospinal tract Medial longitudinal fasciculus Descending tracts Pyramidal tract Corticospinal fibers Bulbar corticonuclear fibers Corticoreticular fibers Decussation of pyramids Amygdalotegmental fibers Hypothalamospinal tract Medial tegmental tract Pretectoolivary tract Prerubroolivary tract Tectobulbar tract Tectoreticular fibers Tectoolivary fibers Tectospinal tract Medial longitudinal fasciculus Interstitiospinal tract Medial vestibulospinal tract Interstitiospinal tract Medial vestibulospinal tract Posterior longitudinal fasciculus Posterior longitudinal fasciculus Rubrospinal tract Central tegmental tract Rubro-olivary tract Amiculum of olive Caeruleospinal tract Cerebellospinal tracts Fastigiospinal tract Interpositospinal tract Rubrospinal tract Central tegmental tract Rubroolivary tract Amiculum of olive Caeruleospinal tract Cerebellospinal tracts Fastigiospinal tract Interpositospinal tract Pars medullaris Not in TA, to be added. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Pars medullaris; eponym: Gowers. Pars medullaris Pars medullaris Pars medullaris Motor decussation Pars medullaris; not in TA, to be added. Pars medullaris Pars medullaris; not in TA, to be added. Pars medullaris; fibres from Pretectal nuclei to Inferior olive. Pars medullaris; new term; fibres from Nucleus ellipticus (Prerubral tegmentum) to Inferior olive. Pars medullaris Pars medullaris; eponym: Held. Pars medullaris Pars medullaris Pars medullaris Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus Pars medullaris; eponym: Schütz. Pars medullaris; eponym: von Monakow. Pars medullaris Pars medullaris Coeruleospinal tract Pars medullaris; coeruleospinal tract added as English synonym. Pars medullaris Pars medullaris Tractus vestibulospinalis lateralis Lateral vestibulospinal tract Lateral vestibulospinal tract Tractus reticulospinales Reticulospinal tracts Tractus reticulospinalis lateralis Tractus bulbo-reticulospinalis Lateral reticulospinal tract Reticulospinal tracts Lateral reticulospinal tract Tractus reticulospinalis medialis Tractus raphespinales Tractus raphespinalis lateralis Tractus raphespinalis anterior Tractus ponto-reticulospinalis Medial reticulospinal tract Raphespinal tracts Lateral raphespinal tract Tractus raphespinalis ventralis Anterior raphespinal tract Tractus solitariospinalis PONS Morphologia externa Angulus pontocerebellaris Sulcus basilaris Sulcus bulbopontinus Morphologia interna Pars basilaris pontis Substantia grisea Medial reticulospinal tract Raphespinal tracts Lateral raphespinal tract Anterior raphespinal tract Solitariospinal tract PONS External features Cerebellopontine angle Basilar sulcus Medullopontine sulcus Internal features Basal part of pons Grey matter Solitariospinal tract PONS External features Cerebellopontine angle Basilar sulcus Medullopontine sulcus Internal features Basal part of pons Gray matter Pontine nuclei Anterior nucleus Lateral nucleus Median nucleus Paramedian nucleus Peduncular nucleus Posterior nucleus Posterolateral nucleus Posteromedial nucleus White matter Longitudinal pontine fibres Corticospinal fibres Pontine corticonuclear fibres Corticoreticular fibres Corticopontine fibres Frontopontine fibres Occipitopontine fibres Parietopontine fibres Temporopontine fibres Pontine nuclei Anterior nucleus Lateral nucleus Median nucleus Paramedian nucleus Peduncular nucleus Posterior nucleus Posterolateral nucleus Posteromedial nucleus White matter Longitudinal pontine fibers Corticospinal fibers Pontine corticonuclear fibers Corticoreticular fibers Corticopontine fibers Frontopontine fibers Occipitopontine fibers Parietopontine fibers Temporopontine fibers Transverse pontine fibres Transverse pontine fibers Tegmentum pontis Substantia grisea Pontine tegmentum Grey matter Pontine tegmentum Gray matter Nuclei somatosensorii Nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini Somatosensory nuclei Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve Oral part Principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve Posteromedial nucleus Anterolateral nucleus Somatosensory nuclei Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve Oral part Principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve Posteromedial nucleus Anterolateral nucleus Nuclei pontis Nucleus anterior Nucleus lateralis Nucleus medianus Nucleus paramedianus Nucleus peduncularis Nucleus posterior Nucleus posterior lateralis Nucleus posterior medialis Substantia alba Fibrae pontis longitudinales Fibrae corticospinales Fibrae corticonucleares pontis Fibrae corticoreticulares Fibrae corticopontinae Fibrae frontopontinae Fibrae occipitopontinae Fibrae parietopontinae Fibrae temporopontinae Fibrae pontis transversae Pars oralis Nucleus principalis nervi trigemini Nucleus posteromedialis Nucleus anterolateralis Nucleus ventralis Nucleus dorsalis Nucleus dorsalis lateralis Nucleus dorsalis medialis Fibrae pontocerebellares Nucleus dorsomedialis Nucleus ventrolateralis Pars medullaris Medullary reticulospinal tract; Bulboreticulospinal tract Pontine reticulospinal tract; Pontoreticulospinal tract Ventral raphespinal tract See Footnote 48. Pars medullaris; reordering of synonyms. Pars medullaris; related term: Tractus reticulospinalis anterior. Pars medullaris Pars medullaris Pars medullaris The terms Velum medullare superius and Frenulum veli are found under Ventriculus quartus. Grey substance; Gray substance Ventral nucleus Dorsal nucleus Dorsolateral nucleus Dorsomedial nucleus White substance Eponym: Arnold. Eponym: Türck (may not be justified; see Schmahmann JD, Nitsch R, Pandya DN 1992 Brain 115:1911-1924). Pontocerebellar fibres; Pontocerebellar fibers Grey substance; Gray substance Nuclei are placed from Retropontine through Pontine to Prepontine tegmentum (including Isthmus rhombencephali). TA's Subnucleus corrected to Pars. Dorsomedial nucleus Ventrolateral nucleus Nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini Nuclei viscerosensorii Nucleus ovalis Nuclei vestibulares Nucleus vestibularis medialis Pars magnocellularis Pars parvocellularis Nucleus vestibularis lateralis Pars parvocellularis Nucleus vestibularis superior Pars magnocellularis Pars parvocellularis Nucleus interstitialis nervi vestibularis Nuclei acustici Complexus olivaris superior Nucleus olivaris superior lateralis Nucleus olivaris superior medialis Nuclei periolivares Nuclei mediales Nuclei laterales Nucleus corporis trapezoidei Nuclei lemnisci lateralis Nucleus posterior lemnisci lateralis Nucleus anterior lemnisci lateralis Nuclei somatomotorii Nucleus nervi abducentis Nucleus nervi trochlearis Nuclei branchiomotorii Nucleus retrofacialis Nucleus nervi facialis Nucleus retrotrigeminalis Rostrum nuclei solitarii Nuclei auditorii Nucleus dorsalis lemnisci lateralis Nucleus ventralis lemnisci lateralis Nucleus facialis accessorius Nucleus trigeminalis accessorius Nucleus motorius nervi trigemini Nuclei visceromotorii Nucleus salivatorius superior Nuclei reticulares Nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis Formatio reticularis pontis paramedianus Nucleus raphes interpositus Nucleus reticularis pontis oralis Nucleus paralemniscalis Nuclei neuromodulatorii Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve Viscerosensory nuclei Oval nucleus Vestibular nuclei Medial vestibular nucleus Magnocellular part Parvocellular part Lateral vestibular nucleus Parvocellular part Superior vestibular nucleus Magnocellular part Parvocellular part Interstitial nucleus of vestibular nerve Auditory nuclei Superior olivary complex Lateral superior olivary nucleus Medial superior olivary nucleus Periolivary nuclei Medial nuclei Lateral nuclei Nucleus of trapezoid body Nuclei of lemniscus lateralis Posterior nucleus of lemniscus lateralis Anterior nucleus of lemniscus lateralis Somatomotor nuclei Nucleus of abducens nerve Nucleus of trochlear nerve Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve Viscerosensory nuclei Oval nucleus Rostral tip of Solitary nucleus Vestibular nuclei Medial vestibular nucleus Magnocellular part Parvocellular part Lateral vestibular nucleus Parvocellular part Cell group L Superior vestibular nucleus Magnocellular part Parvocellular part Interstitial nucleus of vestibular nerve Auditory nuclei Superior olivary complex Lateral superior olivary nucleus Branchiomotor nuclei Retrofacial nucleus Motor nucleus of facial nerve Retrotrigeminal nucleus Branchiomotor nuclei Retrofacial nucleus Motor nucleus of facial nerve Retrotrigeminal nucleus Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve Visceromotor nuclei Superior salivatory nucleus Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve Eponym: Schwalbe. Eponym: Deiters Eponym: von Bechterew. New term added, described by Ramón y Cajal (1896; Olszewski and Baxter3, p. 93). The Cochlear nuclei are included in the Myelencephalon. New term for the Superior olivary nuclei and the Periolivary nuclei. Medial superior olivary nucleus Periolivary nuclei Medial nuclei Lateral nuclei Nucleus of trapezoid body Nuclei of lemniscus lateralis Posterior nucleus of lemniscus lateralis Anterior nucleus of lemniscus lateralis Somatomotor nuclei Nucleus of abducens nerve Nucleus of trochlear nerve See Footnote 49. In the human brain, an Intermediate nucleus does not exist. Dorsal nucleus of lemniscus lateralis Ventral nucleus of lemniscus lateralis See Footnote 50. Belongs to the Isthmus rhombencephali (see TE), and part of the Prepontine tegmentum. Accessory facial nucleus See Footnote 51. Accessory trigeminal nucleus See Footnote 52. Visceromotor nuclei Superior salivatory nucleus See Footnote 42; eponym: Kohnstamm. Reticular nuclei Reticular nuclei Caudal pontine reticular nucleus Caudal pontine reticular nucleus Nucleus reticularis pontis rostralis Paramedian pontine reticular formation Interposed raphe nucleus Oral pontine reticular nucleus Paramedian pontine reticular formation Interposed raphe nucleus Oral pontine reticular nucleus Paralemniscal nucleus Neuromodulatory nuclei Paralemniscal nucleus Neuromodulatory nuclei See Footnote 53. See Footnote 53. Rostral pontine reticular nucleus Here, the relevant Aggregationes cellularum chemergicarum have been added. Nuclei raphes Nucleus raphes magnus Nucleus raphes pontis Nucleus raphes medianus Nucleus raphes dorsalis Cellulae serotonergicae areae vestibularis Nuclei noradrenergici Nucleus caeruleus Nucleus subcaeruleus Cellulae noradrenergicae pedunculi cerebellaris superioris Cellulae noradrenergicae pontis caudales laterales Cellulae noradrenergicae nuclei lemnisci lateralis Nuclei cholinergici Nucleus tegmentalis dorsolateralis Nucleus tegmentalis pedunculopontinus Pars compacta Pars dissipata Nuclei limbici Nuclei parabrachiales Nucleus parabrachialis lateralis Pars lateralis Pars medialis Pars posterior Pars anterior Nucleus parabrachialis medialis Pars medialis Pars lateralis Nucleus subparabrachialis Centrum micturitionis Regio L Nucleus tegmentalis ventralis Nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis Nuclei precerebellares Nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis Nucleus supralemniscalis Nuclei tractus paramediani Nucleus supragenualis Cupula rostralis nuclei nervi abducentis Subnucleus dorsalis nuclei raphes pontis Cellulae serotonergicae Cellulae serotonergicae B3 Cellulae serotonergicae B5 Cellulae serotonergicae B6 Cellulae serotonergicae B7 Cellulae serotonergicae B4 Nucleus noradrenergicus A6 Cellulae noradrenergicae A4 Cellulae noradrenergicae A5 Cellulae noradrenergicae A7 Nucleus tegmentalis posterolateralis; Nucleus cholinergicus Ch6 Nucleus cholinergicus Ch5 Subnucleus lateralis Subnucleus medialis Pars dorsalis Pars ventralis Raphe nuclei Raphe magnus nucleus Pontine raphe nucleus Median raphe nucleus Dorsal raphe nucleus Serotonergic cells adjacent to medial vestibular nucleus and prepositus nucleus Noradrenergic nuclei Caerulean nucleus Raphe nuclei Raphe magnus nucleus Pontine raphe nucleus Median raphe nucleus Dorsal raphe nucleus Serotonergic cells adjacent to medial vestibular nucleus and prepositus nucleus Norepinephric nuclei Caerulean nucleus Serotonergic cell groups Serotonergic cell group B3 Serotonergic cell group B5 Serotonergic cell group B6 Serotonergic cell group B7 Serotonergic cell group B4 Coerulean nucleus; Noradrenergic nucleus A6; Norepinephric nucleus A6; Locus coeruleus Subcaerulean nucleus Subcaerulean nucleus Subcoerulean nucleus Noradrenergic cells of superior Norepinephric cells of superior Noradrenergic cell group A4; cerebellar peduncle cerebellar peduncle Norepinephric cell group A4 Noradrenergic cells in Norepinephric cells in Noradrenergic cell group A5; caudolateral pons caudolateral pons Norepinephric cell group A5 Noradrenergic cells in nucleus of Norepinephric cells in nucleus of Noradrenergic cell group A7; lateral lemniscus lateral lemniscus Norepinephric cell group A7 Cholinergic nuclei Cholinergic nuclei Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus Lateroposterior tegmental nucleus; Cholinergic nucleus Ch6 Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus Compact part Dissipated part Limbic nuclei Parabrachial nuclei Lateral parabrachial nucleus Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus Compact part Dissipated part Limbic nuclei Parabrachial nuclei Lateral parabrachial nucleus Lateral part Medial part Posterior part Anterior part Medial parabrachial nucleus Lateral part Medial part Posterior part Anterior part Medial parabrachial nucleus Subnucleus medialis Subnucleus lateralis Related term: Superior central nucleus. Related term: Nucleus raphes posterior (Posterior raphe nucleus). The Latin term has been simplified. Locus coeruleus is used for the dark spot and for the nucleus; Nucleus noradrenergicus A6 added. Subcoerulean nucleus added as English synonym. Term not yet included in TA. In the Latin term 'pontis' added as well as Cellulae noradrenergicae A5. Cellulae noradrenergicae A7 added. Cholinergic nucleus Ch5 Lateral subnucleus Medial subnucleus Dorsal part Ventral part Subnucleus lateralis for consistency. Ibid., Subnucleus medialis. Medial subnucleus Lateral subnucleus Ibid., Subnucleus medialis. Ibid., Subnucleus lateralis. Eponym: Kölliker-Fuse. See Footnote 54; eponym: Barrington. See Footnote 54. Eponym: von Gudden. Eponym: von Gudden. Medial part Lateral part Subparabrachial nucleus Regio M Pontine micturition centre L-region Nucleus tegmentalis anterior Ventral tegmental nucleus Nucleus tegmentalis posterior Dorsal tegmental nucleus Medial part Lateral part Subparabrachial nucleus Pontine micturition center L-region Ventral tegmental nucleus Dorsal tegmental nucleus Precerebellar nuclei Reticulotegmental nucleus Precerebellar nuclei Reticulotegmental nucleus Supralemniscal nucleus Paramedian tract nuclei Supragenual nucleus Rostral cap of abducens nucleus Dorsal subnucleus of nucleus raphes pontis Supralemniscal nucleus Paramedian tract nuclei Supragenual nucleus PMT cell group 3 Rostral cap of abducens nucleus PMT cell group 4a Dorsal subnucleus of nucleus raphes pontis Related term: Raphe pontis. Related term: Magnus raphe nucleus. M-region Anterior tegmental nucleus Posterior tegmental nucleus Eponym: von Bechterew. PMT cell group 5b + 5c See Footnote 45. Nucleus intrafascicularis areae preabducentis Cellulae pontinae medianae dorsales Substantia alba Radices centrales Tractus spinalis nervi trigemini Tractus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini Genu nervi facialis Decussatio fibrarum nervorum trochlearium Tractus proprii Tractus olivocochlearis Tractus longi Tractus ascendentes medullae spinalis Tractus anterolateralis Lemniscus spinalis Fibrae spinopontinae Fibrae spino-reticulares pontinae Fibrae spinofaciales Fibrae spinoparabrachiales Tractus ascendentes trunci encephalici Lemniscus medialis Tractus trigeminothalamici Tractus trigeminothalamicus Tractus trigeminothalamicus anterior ventralis; Lemniscus trigeminalis Tractus trigeminothalamicus lateralis Tractus trigeminothalamicus Tractus trigeminothalamicus posterior dorsalis Fibrae gustatoriae Tractus vestibulomesencephalici Tractus vestibulomesencephalicus medialis Tractus vestibulomesencephalicus lateralis Tractus vestibulomesencephalicus ventralis Tractus vestibulothalamicus Projectiones auditoriae Corpus trapezoideum Striae cochleares Stria cochlearis anterior Stria cochlearis intermedia Stria cochlearis posterior Lemniscus lateralis Decussatio lemniscorum lateralium Stria cochlearis ventralis Stria cochlearis dorsalis Intrafascicular nucleus of preabducent area Dorsal midline pontine group Intrafascicular nucleus of preabducent area Dorsal midline pontine group PMT cell group 5a PMT cell group 6 White matter White matter White substance Central roots Central roots Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve Mesencephalic tract of Mesencephalic tract of trigeminal trigeminal nerve nerve Genu of facial nerve Genu of facial nerve Decussation of trochlear nerves Decussation of trochlear nerves Intrinsic tracts Olivocochlear bundle Long tracts Ascending tracts from spinal cord Anterolateral tract Spinopontine fibres Pontine spinoreticular fibres Intrinsic tracts Olivocochlear bundle Long tracts Ascending tracts from spinal cord Anterolateral tract Spinopontine fibers Pontine spinoreticular fibers Spinofacial fibres Spinoparabrachial fibres Ascending tracts from brain stem Medial lemniscus Trigeminothalamic tracts Anterior trigeminothalamic tract Spinofacial fibers Spinoparabrachial fibers Ascending tracts from brain stem Medial lemniscus Trigeminothalamic tracts Anterior trigeminothalamic tract Lateral trigeminothalamic tract Lateral trigeminothalamic tract Related term: Nuclei interstitiales fasc. long. medialis. Pars pontina Pars pontina Eponym: (Bundle of) Rasmussen. Spinal lemniscus Pars pontina Pontinae/pontine added. Pars pontina Ventral trigeminothalamic tract; Trigeminal lemniscus Pars pontina Pars pontina Posterior trigeminothalamic tract Ascending gustatory fibres Vestibulo-mesencephalic tracts Posterior trigeminothalamic tract Ascending gustatory fibers Vestibulo-mesencephalic tracts Dorsal trigeminothalamic tract Medial vestibulomesencephalic tract Lateral vestibulomesencephalic tract Ventral vestibulomesencephalic tract Vestibulothalamic tract Auditory projections Trapezoid body Acoustic striae Anterior acoustic stria Intermediate acoustic stria Posterior acoustic stria Lateral lemniscus Decussation of lateral lemniscus Medial vestibulomesencephalic tract Lateral vestibulomesencephalic tract Ventral vestibulomesencephalic tract Vestibulothalamic tract Auditory projections Trapezoid body Acoustic striae Anterior acoustic stria Ventral acoustic stria Intermediate acoustic stria Posterior acoustic stria Dorsal acoustic stria Lateral lemniscus Decussation of lateral lemniscus Pars pontina; ipsilateral tract from Principal trigeminal nucleus. Eponym: Wallenberg. See Footnote 55. Pars pontina Pars pontina Pars pontina Pars pontina; see Footnote 55a. Pars pontina Not in TA, to be added; eponym: Probst. Fibrae ascendentes monoaminergicae Fibrae ascendentes serotonergicae Fibrae ascendentes noradrenergicae Tractus efferentes cerebelli Pedunculus cerebellaris medius Pedunculus cerebellaris superior Brachium conjunctivum Ramus ascendens Ramus descendens Fasciculus uncinatus cerebelli Fibrae cerebelloolivares Tractus descendentes Fibrae amygdalotegmentales Tractus hypothalamospinalis Tractus tectobulbaris Tractus tectospinalis Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis Fasciculus longitudinalis posterior Tractus rubrospinalis Fibrae rubrocerebellares Fibrae rubrofaciales Tractus tegmentalis medialis Tractus tegmentalis centralis Tractus caeruleospinalis Tractus reticulospinales Tractus reticulospinalis medialis MESENCEPHALON Morphologia externa Lamina quadrigemina Colliculus inferior Colliculus superior Trigonum lemnisci lateralis Sulcus lateralis mesencephali Pedunculus cerebri Ascending monoaminergic fibres Ascending monoaminergic fibers Fibrae nucleoolivares Fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis Ascending serotonergic fibres Ascending serotonergic fibers Ascending noradrenergic fibres Ascending noradrenergic fibers Cerebellar efferent tracts Middle cerebellar peduncle Superior cerebellar peduncle Brachium conjunctivum Ascending branch Descending branch Uncinate fasciculus of cerebellum Cerebello-olivary fibres Cerebellar efferent tracts Middle cerebellar peduncle Superior cerebellar peduncle Brachium conjunctivum Ascending branch Descending branch Uncinate fasciculus of cerebellum Descending tracts Amygdalotegmental fibres Hypothalamospinal tract Tectobulbar tract Tectospinal tract Medial longitudinal fasciculus Descending tracts Amygdalotegmental fibres Hypothalamospinal tract Tectobulbar tract Tectospinal tract Medial longitudinal fasciculus Cerebelloolivary fibers Posterior longitudinal fasciculus Posterior longitudinal fasciculus Rubrospinal tract Rubrocerebellar fibres Rubrofacial fibres Medial tegmental tract Central tegmental tract Caeruleospinal tract Reticulospinal tracts Tractus ponto-reticulospinalis Medial reticulospinal tract Rubrospinal tract Rubrocerebellar fibers Rubrofacial fibers Medial tegmental tract Central tegmental tract Caeruleospinal tract Reticulospinal tracts Medial reticulospinal tract MIDBRAIN External features Quadrigeminal plate Inferior colliculus Superior colliculus Trigone of lateral lemniscus Lateral groove Cerebral peduncle MIDBRAIN External features Quadrigeminal plate Inferior colliculus Superior colliculus Trigone of lateral lemniscus Lateral groove Cerebral peduncle Sulcus nervi oculomotorii Fossa interpeduncularis Substantia perforata posterior Morphologia interna Pedunculus cerebri Tractus pyramidalis Fibrae corticomesencephalicae Oculomotor sulcus Interpeduncular fossa Posterior perforated substance Internal features Cerebral peduncle Pyramidal tract Cortico-mesencephalic fibres Oculomotor sulcus Interpeduncular fossa Posterior perforated substance Internal features Cerebral peduncle Pyramidal tract Cortico-mesencephalic fibers Fibrae corticorubrales Tractus corticopontini Corticorubral fibres Corticopontine tracts Corticorubral fibers Corticopontine tracts Lamina tecti Crus cerebri Via Fasciculus prosencephalicus medialis (Medial forebrain bundle). Pars pontina Pars pontina Pars pontina Pars pontina Pars pontina Pars pontina; eponym: (Bundle of) Russell. Nucleo-olivary fibres; Nucleoolivary fibers Pars pontina Pars pontina Pars pontina Pars pontina; eponym: Held. Pars pontina Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus Pars pontina; eponym: Schütz. Pars pontina; eponym: von Monakow. Coeruleospinal tract Pars pontina Pars pontina Pars pontina Pontine reticulospinal tract; Pontoreticulospinal tract Pars pontina; reordering of synonyms (see Footnote 48). Tectal plate Order of terms changed. Cerebral crus Although since the BNA Pedunculus cerebri is used for Long corticofugal fibres and the Substantia nigra, this term should only be used for the Long fibre tracts (= Crus cerebri); Substantia nigra = Tegmentum mesencephali; see Footnote 56. The term Pedunculus cerebri is restricted to the Long corticofugal fibre tracts. Pars mesencephalica Pars mesencephalica Tractus frontopontinus Tractus occipitoparietotemporopontinus Tegmentum mesencephali Substantia grisea Frontopontine tract Occipitoparietotemporopontine tract Mesencephalic tegmentum Grey matter Frontopontine tract Pars peduncularis Occipitoparieto-temporopontine Pars peduncularis tract Mesencephalic tegmentum Gray matter Grey substance; Gray substance Nuclei somatosensorii Nucleus intercollicularis Nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini Nuclei acustici Nucleus saguli Nucleus brachii colliculi inferioris Nucleus subbrachialis Nuclei visuales Nucleus parabigeminalis Nucleus terminalis lateralis Nuclei somatomotorii Nucleus nervi oculomotorii Nucleus caudalis centralis Nucleus interoculomotorius Somatosensory nuclei Intercollicular nucleus Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve Auditory nuclei Sagulum nucleus Nucleus of brachium of inferior colliculus Subbrachial nucleus Visual nuclei Parabigeminal nucleus Lateral terminal nucleus Somatomotor nuclei Nucleus of oculomotor nerve Central caudal nucleus Interoculomotor nucleus Somatosensory nuclei Intercollicular nucleus Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve Auditory nuclei Sagulum nucleus Nucleus of brachium of inferior colliculus Subbrachial nucleus Visual nuclei Parabigeminal nucleus Lateral terminal nucleus Somatomotor nuclei Nucleus of oculomotor nerve Central caudal nucleus Interoculomotor nucleus Nuclei visceromotorii Nuclei accessorii nervi oculomotorii Pars preganglionica Pars nonganglionica Nucleus anteromedialis Nuclei reticulares Nucleus cuneiformis Regio locomotoria mesencephalica Formatio reticularis mesencephali Nucleus intracuneiformis Nuclei neuromodulatorii Nuclei raphes Nucleus raphes dorsalis Nucleus raphes linearis Nuclei dopaminergici Cellulae dopaminergicae retrorubrales Cellulae dopaminergicae partis compactae substantiae nigrae Cellulae dopaminergicae areae tegmentalis ventralis Substantia nigra Pars compacta Pars dorsalis Subnucleus dorsolateralis Subnucleus dorsomedialis Pars ventralis Nuclei auditorii Sagulum See Footnote 57. Eponym: Ziehen. See Footnote 58. See Footnote 58a. New term to be added. Eponym: Tsuchida. Nucleus interoculo-motorius (Paxinos and Huang 1995) is advocated for the Nucleus of Perlia. Eponym: Perlia. See Footnote 59. Visceromotor nuclei Visceromotor nuclei Accessory nuclei of oculomotor Accessory nuclei of oculomotor nerve nerve Preganglionic part Preganglionic part Nonganglionic, projecting part Nonganglionic, projecting part Anterior medial nucleus Reticular nuclei Cuneiform nucleus Mesencephalic locomotor region Mesencephalic reticular formation Intracuneiform nucleus Neuromodulatory nuclei Cellulae serotonergicae Raphe nuclei Cellulae serotonergicae B7 Dorsal raphe nucleus Cellulae serotonergicae B8 Linear raphe nucleus Dopaminergic nuclei Cellulae dopaminergicae A8 Dopaminergic cells in retrorubral area Cellulae dopaminergicae A9 Dopaminergic cells in compact part of substantia nigra Cellulae dopaminergicae A10 Dopaminergic cells in ventral tegmental area Substantia nigra Compact part Pars posterior Dorsal part Subnucleus posterolateralis Dorsolateral subnucleus Subnucleus posteromedialis Dorsomedial subnucleus Pars anterior Ventral part Anterior medial nucleus Reticular nuclei Cuneiform nucleus Mesencephalic locomotor region Mesencephalic reticular formation Intracuneiform nucleus Neuromodulatory nuclei Raphe nuclei Dorsal raphe nucleus Linear raphe nucleus Dopaminergic nuclei Dopaminergic cells in retrorubral area Dopaminergic cells in compact part of substantia nigra Dopaminergic cells in ventral tegmental area Substantia nigra Compact part Dorsal part Dorsolateral subnucleus Dorsomedial subnucleus Ventral part Ventral medial nucleus Related term: Medial accessory oculomotor nucleus. See Footnote 60. Central tegmental field Here, the relevant parts of the Section Aggregationes cellularum chemergicarum have been added. Serotonergic cell groups Serotonergic cell group B7 Serotonergic cell group B8 Related term: Nucleus raphes posterior. Related term: Nucleus linearis inferior; see Footnote 61. Dopaminergic cell group A8 TA term 'retrobulbaris' corrected to retrorubralis. Dopaminergic cell group A9 Dopaminergic cell group A10 Eponym: Soemmering ('s substance). See Footnote 62. Posterior part; Dorsal tier Posterolateral subnucleus Posteromedial subnucleus Anterior part; Ventral tier Subnucleus ventrolateralis Subnucleus anterolateralis Ventrolateral subnucleus Subnucleus Subnucleus anterointermedius Ventro-inter-mediate ventrointermedius subnucleus Subnucleus ventromedialis Subnucleus anteromedialis Ventromedial subnucleus Ventrolateral subnucleus Ventrointer-mediate subnucleus Ventromedial subnucleus Anterolateral subnucleus Antero-intermediate subnucleus; Anterointermediate subnucleus Anteromedial subnucleus Pars lateralis Pars medialis Pars reticulata Nuclei tegmentales ventrales Lateral part Medial part Reticular part Ventral tegmental nuclei Anterior tegmental nuclei Lateral part Medial part Reticular part Nuclei tegmentales anteriores Ventral tegmental nuclei Nucleus linearis caudalis Nucleus linearis inferior Nucleus linearis rostralis Nucleus paranigralis Nucleus interfascicularis Nucleus parabrachialis pigmentosus Nucleus parapeduncularis Nuclei cholinergici Nucleus tegmentalis pedunculopontinus Nucleus parabigeminalis Nuclei limbici Nucleus interpeduncularis Nucleus linearis superior Caudal linear nucleus Caudal linear nucleus Inferior linear nucleus Rostral linear nucleus Paranigral nucleus Interfascicular nucleus Parabrachial pigmented nucleus Parapeduncular nucleus Cholinergic nuclei Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus Parabigeminal nucleus Limbic nuclei Interpeduncular nucleus Parapeduncular nucleus Cholinergic nuclei Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus Parabigeminal nucleus Limbic nuclei Interpeduncular nucleus Nucleus peripeduncularis Nuclei precerebellares Nucleus ruber Pars magnocellularis Pars parvocellularis Pars posteromedialis Pars dorsomedialis Substantia alba Radices centrales Tractus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini Tractus longi Tractus ascendentes medullae spinalis Tractus anterolateralis Lemniscus spinalis Fibrae spinomesencephalicae Fibrae spinointercolliculares Tractus ascendentes trunci encephalici Lemniscus medialis Tractus trigeminothalamici Lemniscus lateralis Tractus vestibulomesencephalici Peripeduncular nucleus Precerebellar nuclei Red nucleus Magnocellular part Parvocellular part Posteromedial part White matter Central roots Mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve Long tracts Ascending tracts from spinal cord Anterolateral tract Spinomesencephalic fibres Spino-intercollicular fibres Ascending tracts from brain stem Medial lemniscus Trigeminothalamic tracts Lateral lemniscus Vestibulo-mesencephalic tracts Peripeduncular nucleus Precerebellar nuclei Red nucleus Magnocellular part Parvocellular part Posteromedial part Dorsomedial part White matter White substance Central roots Mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve Long tracts Ascending tracts from spinal cord Anterolateral tract Spinal lemniscus Spinomesencephalic fibers Spinointercollicular fibers Ascending tracts from brain stem Medial lemniscus Trigeminothalamic tracts Lateral lemniscus Vestibulo-mesencephalic tracts Tractus vestibulomesencephalicus medialis Tractus vestibulomesencephalicus lateralis Tractus vestibulomesencephalicus ventralis Medial vestibulomesencephalic tract Lateral vestibulomesencephalic tract Ventral vestibulomesencephalic tract Medial vestibulomesencephalic tract Lateral vestibulomesencephalic tract Ventral vestibulomesencephalic tract Nucleus cholinergicus Ch5 Nucleus cholinergicus Ch8 Rostral linear nucleus Superior linear nucleus Paranigral nucleus Interfascicular nucleus Parabrachial pigmented nucleus Related term: Pars reticularis. See Footnote 63; eponym: (Ventral tegmental area of) Tsai. Along the longitudinal axis of the brain stem, this linear nucleus should be called: Nucleus linearis caudalis. Ibid., Nucleus linearis rostralis. Recently added to VTA by Halliday et al. (2012). Cholinergic nucleus Ch5 Cholinergic nucleus Ch8 Eponym: von Gudden ('s ganglion). Eponym: von Bechterew. Pars mesencephalica Pars mesencephalica Pars mesencephalica Pars mesencephalica Pars mesencephalica Pars mesencephalica Pars mesencephalica Tractus vestibulothalamicus Fibrae nigrostriatales Vestibulothalamic tract Nigrostriatal fibres Vestibulothalamic tract Nigrostriatal fibers Tractus efferentes cerebelli Pedunculus cerebellaris superior Brachium conjunctivum Decussatio pedunculorum cerebellarium superiorum Tractus descendentes Fibrae striatonigrales Fibrae pallidofugales Fibrae amygdalotegmentales Tractus hypothalamospinalis Tractus rubrospinalis Decussatio tegmentalis Decussatio tegmentalis ventralis anterior Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis Tractus interstitiospinalis Tractus tegmentalis medialis Tractus pretectoolivaris Tractus prerubroolivaris Tractus tegmentalis centralis Tractus rubroolivaris Structurae centrales mesencephali Substantia grisea Cerebellar efferent tracts Superior cerebellar peduncle Brachium conjunctivum Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle Descending tracts Striatonigral fibres Pallidofugal fibres Amygdalotegmental fibres Hypothalamospinal tract Rubrospinal tract Decussation of rubrospinal tract Cerebellar efferent tracts Superior cerebellar peduncle Brachium conjunctivum Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle Descending tracts Striatonigral fibers Pallidofugal fibers Amygdalotegmental fibers Hypothalamospinal tract Rubrospinal tract Decussation of rubrospinal tract Medial longitudinal fasciculus Medial longitudinal fasciculus Pars mesencephalica Interstitiospinal tract Medial tegmental tract Pretecto-olivary tract Prerubro-olivary tract Central tegmental tract Rubro-olivary tract Central mesencephalic structures Grey matter Interstitiospinal tract Medial tegmental tract Pretectoolivary tract Prerubroolivary tract Central tegmental tract Rubroolivary tract Central mesencephalic structures Gray matter Pars mesencephalica Pars mesencephalica Pars mesencephalica Pars mesencephalica Pars mesencephalica Pars mesencephalica Substantia grisea periaqueductalis Substantia alba Tractus longi Tracus ascendentes medullae spinalis Tractus anterolateralis Fibrae spinoperiaqueductales Tractus descendentes Fasciculus longitudinalis posterior Aqueductus mesencephali Tectum mesencephali Substantia grisea Colliculus inferior Nucleus centralis Nucleus externus Nucleus pericentralis Stratum I corticis dorsalis Stratum II corticis dorsalis Stratum III corticis dorsalis Stratum IV corticis dorsalis Colliculus superior Stratum zonale Stratum griseum superficiale Stratum opticum Periaqueductal grey substance Periaqueductal gray substance White matter Long tracts Ascending tracts from spinal cord Anterolateral tract Spinoperiaqueductal fibres Descending tracts Posterior longitudinal fasciculus White matter Long tracts Ascending tracts from spinal cord Anterolateral tract Spinoperiaqueductal fibers Descending tracts Posterior longitudinal fasciculus White substance Mesencephalic aqueduct Mesencephalic tegmentum Mesencephalic aqueduct Mesencephalic tegmentum Inferior colliculus Central nucleus External nucleus Pericentral nucleus Layer I of dorsal cortex Layer II of dorsal cortex Layer III of dorsal cortex Layer IV of dorsal cortex Superior colliculus Zonal layer Superficial grey layer Optic layer Inferior colliculus Central nucleus External nucleus Pericentral nucleus Layer I of dorsal cortex Layer II of dorsal cortex Layer III of dorsal cortex Layer IV of dorsal cortex Superior colliculus Zonal layer Superficial gray layer Optic layer Lemniscus spinalis Fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis Aqueductus cerebri Cortex externus Cortex dorsalis Lamina I Lamina II Lamina III Pars mesencephalica Pars mesencephalica Pars mesencephalica Pars mesencephalica Eponym: Wernekinck. Ventral tegmental decussation; Anterior tegmental decussation Pars mesencephalica; new term added. Pars mesencephalica; new term added. Pars mesencephalica; new term added. Pars mesencephalica Pars mesencephalica; eponym: von Monakow. Eponym: Forel. Grey substance; Gray substance Related term: Substantia grisea centralis. Spinal lemniscus Pars centralis mesencephali Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus Pars centralis mesencephali; eponym: (Bundle of) Schütz. Cerebral aqueduct Eponym: Sylvius. External cortex Dorsal cortex See Footnote 64. See Footnote 64. Layer I Layer II Layer III Stratum griseum intermedium Lamina IV Stratum medullare intermedium Lamina V Stratum griseum profundum Stratum medullare profundum Substantia alba Tractus commissurales Commissura colliculi inferioris Lamina VI Lamina VII Commissura colliculi superioris Tractus longi Tractus ascendentes medullae spinalis Tractus anterolateralis Fibrae spinotectales Tractus ascendentes trunci encephalici Lemniscus lateralis Brachium colliculi inferioris Brachium colliculi superioris Tractus descendentes Tractus tectobulbaris Decussation tegmentalis dorsalis Tractus tectospinalis Ventriculus quartus Tegmen ventriculi quarti Apertura mediana Recessus lateralis Apertura lateralis Plexus choroideus Tela choroidea Velum medullare inferius Fastigium Velum medullare superius Frenulum veli medullaris superioris Fossa rhomboidea Sulcus medianus Sulcus limitans Fovea superior Fovea inferior Funiculus separans Taenia cinerea Trigonum nervi vagi Trigonum nervi hypoglossi Striae medullares ventriculi quarti Area vestibularis Tuberculum acusticum Colliculus facialis Eminentia medialis Locus caeruleus Lemniscus spinalis Decussatio tegmentalis posterior Trigonum vagale Intermediate grey layer Intermediate white layer Deep grey layer Deep white layer White matter Commissural tracts Commissure of inferior colliculus Commissure of superior colliculus Long tracts Ascending tracts from spinal cord Anterolateral tract Spinotectal fibres Ascending tracts from brain stem Lateral lemniscus Brachium of inferior colliculus Brachium of superior colliculus Descending tracts Tectobulbar tract Decussation of tectobulbospinal tract Tectospinal tract Fourth ventricle Roof of fourth ventricle Median aperture Lateral recess Lateral aperture Choroid plexus Choroid membrane Inferior medullary velum Fastigium Superior medullary velum Frenulum of superior medullary velum Rhomboid fossa Median sulcus Sulcus limitans Fovea superior Fovea inferior Funiculus separans Grey line Vagal trigone Hypoglossal trigone Medullary striae of fourth ventricle Vestibular area Acoustic tubercle Facial colliculus Medial eminence Locus caeruleus Intermediate gray layer Intermediate white layer Layer IV Layer V Deep gray layer Lamina VI Deep white layer Layer VII White matter White substance Commissural tracts Commissure of inferior colliculus Commissure of superior colliculus Long tracts Ascending tracts from spinal cord Anterolateral tract Spinotectal fibers Ascending tracts from brain stem Lateral lemniscus Brachium of inferior colliculus Brachium of superior colliculus Descending tracts Tectobulbar tract Decussation of tectobulbospinal tract Tectospinal tract Fourth ventricle Roof of fourth ventricle Median aperture Lateral recess Lateral aperture Choroid plexus Choroid membrane Inferior medullary velum Fastigium Superior medullary velum Frenulum of superior medullary velum Rhomboid fossa Median sulcus Sulcus limitans Fovea superior Fovea inferior Funiculus separans Gray line Vagal trigone Hypoglossal trigone Medullary striae of fourth ventricle Vestibular area Acoustic tubercle Facial colliculus Medial eminence Locus caeruleus Spinal lemniscus Pars tectalis Pars tectalis Pars tectalis Pars tectalis Dorsal tegmental decussation; Posterior tegmental decussation Pars tectalis Eponym: Meynert. Pars tectalis Eponym: Magendie. Eponym: Luschka. Eponym: (Valve of) Vieussens. Floor of fourth ventricle Eponym: His. Taenia cinerea; Tenia cinerea Trigone of vagal nerve Trigone of hypoglossal nerve Eponym: Arnold. Eponym: Piccolomini. Term added. Locus coeruleus CEREBELLUM Morphologia externa Vermis cerebelli Hemispherium cerebelli Vallecula cerebelli Fissurae interlobares cerebelli Fissura prima Fissura posterolateralis Corpus cerebelli Lobus anterior cerebelli Pars anterior vermis Lingula cerebelli Lobulus centralis Lobulus II Lobulus III Culmen Lobulus IV Lobulus V Fissurae lobi anterioris cerebelli Fissura precentralis Fissura postcentralis Fissura intraculminalis Pars anterior hemispherii cerebelli Vincingulum lingulae Ala lobuli centralis Lobulus HII Lobulus HIII Lobulus quadrangularis anterior Lobulus HIV Lobulus HV Lobus posterior cerebelli Pars posterior vermis Declive Folium vermis Tuber Pyramis Lobulus VIIIA Lobulus VIIIB Uvula Fissurae lobi posterioris cerebelli Fissura posterior superior Fissura horizontalis Fissura lunogracilis Fissura prebiventralis Fissura intrabiventralis Fissura secunda Pars posterior hemispherii cerebelli Lobulus quadrangularis posterior Fissura preclivalis Lobulus I Fissura postlingualis Fissura preculminalis Lobulus HI Lobulus VI Lobulus VIIA Lobulus VIIB Lobulus VIII Lobulus IX Fissura postclivalis Fissura intercruralis Fissura ansoparamediana Fissura prepyramidalis Fissura postpyramidalis Lobulus simplex; Lobulus HVI CEREBELLUM External features Vermis of cerebellum Cerebellar hemisphere Vallecula of cerebellum Interlobar fissures Primary fissure Posterolateral fissure Body of cerebellum Anterior lobe of cerebellum Anterior part of vermis Lingula Central lobule Lobule II Lobule III Culmen Lobule IV Lobule V Fissures of anterior lobe CEREBELLUM External features Vermis of cerebellum Cerebellar hemisphere Vallecula of cerebellum Interlobar fissures Primary fissure Posterolateral fissure Body of cerebellum Anterior lobe of cerebellum Anterior part of vermis Lingula Central lobule Lobule II Lobule III Culmen Lobule IV Lobule V Fissures of anterior lobe Precentral fissure Postcentral fissure Intraculminate fissure Anterior part of of cerebellar hemisphere Vincingulum Wing of central lobule Lobule HII Lobule HIII Anterior quadrangular lobule Lobule HIV Lobule HV Posterior lobe of cerebellum Posterior part of vermis Declive Folium of vermis Tuber Pyramis Lobule VIIIA Lobule VIIIB Uvula Fissures of posterior lobe Precentral fissure Postcentral fissure Intraculminate fissure Anterior part of of cerebellar hemisphere Vincingulum Wing of central lobule Lobule HII Lobule HIII Anterior quadrangular lobule Lobule HIV Lobule HV Posterior lobe of cerebellum Posterior part of vermis Declive Folium of vermis Tuber Pyramis Lobule VIIIA Lobule VIIIB Uvula Fissures of posterior lobe Postlingual fissure Preculminate fissure Superior posterior fissure Horizontal fissure Lunogracile fissure Prebiventral fissure Intrabiventral fissure Secondary fissure Posterior part of cerebellar hemisphere Posterior quadrangular lobe Superior posterior fissure Horizontal fissure Lunogracile fissure Prebiventral fissure Intrabiventral fissure Secondary fissure Posterior part of cerebellar hemisphere Posterior quadrangular lobe Postclival fissure Intercrural fissure Ansoparamedian fissure Prepyramidal fissure Hemisphere of cerebellum Preclival fissure The terminology of the Lobuli is simplified. Lobule I Lobule HI The notation [I] has been corrected; Lobulus I added as synonym. See Footnote 65. Lobule VI Lobule VIIA Lobule VIIB Lobule VIII Lobule IX Mostly two terms are in use for the human cerebellum. Rel. term: Posterior superior fissure. Related term: Fissura anterior inferior. Postpyramidal fissure Simple lobule; Lobule HVI Lobuli semilunares Lobulus ansiformis; Lobulus Semilunar lobules HVIIA Lobulus semilunaris superior Crus I lobuli ansiformis; Superior semilunar lobule Lobulus HVIIAa Lobulus semilunaris inferior Crus II lobuli ansiformis; Inferior semilunar lobule Lobulus HVIIAb Lobulus gracilis Lobulus HVIIB Gracile lobule Lobulus biventer Lobulus HVIII Biventral lobule Pars lateralis lobuli biventralis Lobulus HVIIIA Lateral part Pars medialis lobuli biventralis Lobulus HVIIIB Medial part Semilunar lobules Tonsilla cerebelli Paraflocculus accessorius Lobus flocculonodularis Nodulus Flocculus Morphologia interna Folium cerebelli Substantia grisea Tonsil of cerebellum Accessory paraflocculus Flocculonodular lobe Nodule Flocculus Internal features Cerebellar folium Grey matter Tonsil of cerebellum Accessory paraflocculus Flocculonodular lobe Nodule Flocculus Internal features Cerebellar folium Gray matter Cerebellar cortex Layers of cerebellar cortex Granular layer Purkinje cell layer Molecular layer Cerebellar neuron types Projection neuron Purkinje cell Cerebellar interneurons Excitatory interneuron Granule cell Glomerulus of cerebellum Granule cell dendrite Parallel fibre Unipolar brush cell Inhibitory interneuron Fusiform horizontal cell Cerebellar cortex Layers of cerebellar cortex Granular layer Purkinje cell layer Molecular layer Cerebellar neuron types Projection neuron Purkinje cell Cerebellar interneurons Excitatory interneuron Granule cell Glomerulus of cerebellum Granule cell dendrite Parallel fiber Unipolar brush cell Inhibitory interneuron Fusiform horizontal cell Neuron golgiense magnum Neuron golgiense parvum Axon neuri golgiensis Neuron corbiforme Neuron stellatum superficiale Large Golgi cell Small Golgi cell Golgi cell axon Basket cell Superficial stellate cell Large Golgi cell Small Golgi cell Golgi cell axon Basket cell Superficial stellate cell Neuron stellatum profundum Deep stellate cell Deep stellate cell Cortex cerebelli Strata corticis cerebelli Stratum granulare Stratum purkinjense Stratum moleculare Typi neurales cerebelli Neuron projectionis Neuron purkinjense Interneura cerebelli Interneuron excitatorium Neuron granulare Glomerulus cerebelli Dendritum neuri granulare Neurofibra parallela Neuron penicillatum Interneuron inhibitorium Neuron fusiforme horizontale Astrocyti cerebelli Astrocytus radians cerebelli Astrocytus epithelialis cerebelli Processus radians astrocyti epithelialis cerebelli Astrocytus pennatus Subdivisio cerebelli Lobulus HIX Lobulus X Lobulus HX Superior semilunar lobule Inferior semilunar lobule Gracile lobule Biventral lobule Lateral part Medial part Cerebellar astrocytes Radial astrocyte of cerebellum Epithelial astrocyte of cerebellum Radial fibre Cerebellar astrocytes Radial astrocyte of cerebellum Epithelial astrocyte of cerebellum Radial fiber Feathered astrocyte Subdivision of cerebellum Feathered astrocyte Subdivision of cerebellum Ansiform lobule; Lobule HVIIA Eponym for Lobulus ansiformis: Bolk. Crus I of Lobule HVIIA; Lobule HVIIAa Crus II of Lobule HVIIA; Lobule HVIIAb Lobule HVIIB Lobule HVIII Lobule HVIIIA Lobule HVIIB Related term: Crus primum. Lobule HIX See Footnote 66. See Footnote 66. Related term: Crus secundum. Related term: Lobus paramedianus. Related term: Pars copularis lobuli paramediana. Lobule X Lobule HX Grey substance; Gray substance granulare as official Latin (suggested by Morten Moeller, Copenhagen). Ibid., not granulosum. Ibid. Eponym: Lugaro. See Footnote 67; eponym: Golgi. Ibid. Ibid. Eponym: Bergmann glia. Eponym: Bergmann fibre. Subtype of Epithelial astrocyte (Voogd and Ruigrok 2012). Eponym: Fañanas. Vestibulocerebellum Spinocerebellum Pontocerebellum Zonae sagittales cerebelli Vestibulocerebellum Spinocerebellum Pontocerebellum Zonal organization of corticonuclear projections Medial zone A-zone X-zone B-zone Intermediate zone C1-C3 zones Lateral zone Y-zone D1 and D2 zones Cerebellar nuclei Nucleus lateralis cerebelli Dentate nucleus Hilum of dentate nucleus Microgyric part Macrogyric part Interposed nuclei Nucleus interpositus anterior Emboliform nucleus Nucleus interpositus posterior Globose nucleus Vestibulocerebellum Spinocerebellum Pontocerebellum Zonal organization of corticonuclear projections Medial zone A-zone X-zone B-zone Intermediate zone C1-C3 zones Lateral zone Y-zone D1 and D2 zones Cerebellar nuclei Dentate nucleus Hilum of dentate nucleus Microgyric part Macrogyric part Interposed nuclei Emboliform nucleus Globose nucleus Nucleus medialis cerebelli Fastigial nucleus Neuron types Projection neurons Large projection neuron Small projection neuron Fastigial nucleus Neuron types Projection neurons Large projection neuron Small projection neuron Interneura inhibitoria Interneuron inhibitorium glycinergicum Interneuron inhibitorium GABAergicum Substantia alba Arbor vitae Corpus medullare cerebelli Lamella medullaris cerebelli Inhibitory interneurons Glycinergic inhibitory interneuron GABAergic inhibitory interneuron White matter Arbor vitae White matter of cerebellum Medullary lamella of cerebellum Inhibitory interneurons Glycinergic inhibitory interneuron GABAergic inhibitory interneuron White matter White substance Arbor vitae White matter of cerebellum White substance of cerebellum Medullary lamella of cerebellum Neurofibrae afferentes corticis cerebelli Neurofibra muscosa Flosculus neurofibrae muscosae Neurofibra ascendens Neurofibra multistratificata Cerebellar cortical afferent fibres Cerebellar cortical afferent fibers Zona medialis Zona A Zona X Zona B Zona intermedia Zonae C1-C3 Zona lateralis Zona Y Zonae D1, D2 Nuclei cerebelli Nucleus dentatus Hilum nuclei dentati Pars microgyria Pars macrogyria Nuclei interpositi Nucleus emboliformis Nucleus globosus Nucleus fastigii Typi neurales Neura projectionis Neuron projectionis magnum Neuron projectionis parvum Neurofibra efferens corticis cerebelli Tractus commissurales Commissura cerebelli Tractus longi Pedunculi cerebellares Neuron nucleoolivare Axon neuri purkinjensis Mossy fibre Mossy fibre rosette Mossy fiber Mossy fiber rosette Climbing fibre Multilayered fibre Climbing fiber Multilayered fiber Cerebellar cortical efferent fibre Cerebellar cortical efferent fiber Commissural tracts Cerebellar commissure Commissural tracts Cerebellar commissure Long tracts Cerebellar peduncles Long tracts Cerebellar peduncles Related term: Archicerebellum. Related term: Paleocerebellum. Related term: Neocerebellum. Zonal, sagittal organization of Corticonuclear (and Olivocerebellar) projections. Lateral cerebellar nucleus Added (see Voogd and Ruigrok 2012). Ibid. Anterior interposed nucleus Posterior interposed nucleus Medial cerebellar nucleus Nucleo-olivary neuron; Nucleoolivary neuron Glutamatergic projection neurons. The GABAergic Nucleo-olivary neurons. The white Lamellae medullares together form the Arbor vitae. Related term: Lamina alba cerebelli. TH's Neurofibra ascendens is confusing (= Climbing fibre). Monoaminergic fibre; Monoaminergic fiber Purkinje cell axon These monoaminergic fibres terminate in various layers. Related term: Neurofibra descendens (TH). Contains crossing Uncinate tract and Mossy fibres. Pedunculus cerebellaris inferior Pedunculus cerebellaris medius Fibrae pontocerebellares Pedunculus cerebellaris superior Inferior cerebellar peduncle Middle cerebellar peduncle Pontocerebellar fibres Superior cerebellar peduncle Inferior cerebellar peduncle Middle cerebellar peduncle Pontocerebellar fibers Superior cerebellar peduncle Pars cerebellaris Pars cerebellaris; related term: Brachium pontis. Brachium conjunctivum Ascending branch Descending branch Uncinate fasciculus of cerebellum Peduncle of flocculus FOREBRAIN DIENCEPHALON External features Pretectum Pars cerebellaris; eponym: Burdach. Pars cerebellaris Pars cerebellaris Pars cerebellaris; eponym: (Uncinate bundle of) Russell. Pedunculus flocculi PROSENCEPHALON DIENCEPHALON Morphologia externa Pretectum Brachium conjunctivum Ascending branch Descending branch Uncinate fasciculus of cerebellum Peduncle of flocculus FOREBRAIN DIENCEPHALON External features Pretectum Commissura posterior Epithalamus Habenula Commissura habenularum Sulcus habenularis Trigonum habenulare Glandula pinealis Thalamus Posterior commissure Epithalamus Habenula Habenular commissure Habenular sulcus Habenular trigone Pineal gland Thalamus Posterior commissure Epithalamus Habenula Habenular commissure Habenular sulcus Habenular trigone Pineal gland Thalamus Tuberculum anterius thalami Pulvinar thalami Metathalamus Anterior thalamic tubercle Pulvinar Metathalamus Anterior thalamic tubercle Pulvinar Metathalamus Corpus geniculatum laterale Corpus geniculatum mediale Prethalamus Lateral geniculate body Medial geniculate body Prethalamus Lateral geniculate body Medial geniculate body Prethalamus Eminentia prethalamica Prethalamic eminence Prethalamic eminence Stria medullaris of prethalamus Stria medullaris of prethalamus Hypothalamus Mamillary body Neurohypophysis Infundibulum Pars nervosa Optic chiasm Optic tract Lateral root Medial root Tuber cinereum Third ventricle Interventricular foramen Subfornical organ Taenia thalami Velum interpositum Choroid membrane Choroid plexus Hypothalamus Mammillary body Neurohypophysis Infundibulum Pars nervosa Optic chiasm Optic tract Lateral root Medial root Tuber cinereum Third ventricle Interventricular foramen Subfornical organ Tenia thalami Velum interpositum Choroid membrane Choroid plexus Brachium conjunctivum Ramus ascendens Ramus descendens Fasciculus uncinatus cerebelli Stria medullaris prethalami Hypothalamus Corpus mammillare Neurohypophysis Infundibulum Pars nervosa Chiasma opticum Tractus opticus Radix lateralis Radix medialis Tuber cinereum Ventriculus tertius Foramen interventriculare Organum subfornicale Taenia thalami Velum interpositum Tela choroidea Plexus choroideus Stria medullaris thalami Corpus mamillare Lobus nervosus Pars cerebellaris Eponym:(Bundle of) Loewy. See Footnote 68. The Pretectum is a separate part of the diencephalon, arising from the alar part of the synencephalon (prosomere P1; see Footnote 68). The Posterior commissure is an external feature of the Pretectum. The term Dorsal thalamus is deleted. The Thalamus arises with the Epithalamus and the Geniculate bodies from the alar part of prosomere P2; see Footnote 68). Related term: Thalamus dorsalis. The Geniculate nuclei are part of the Thalamus, but it has become customary to group them together as Metathalamus. As a descriptive term it may remain useful. Stria medullaris of thalamus Neural lobe Optic chiasma Prethalamus was introduced by Puelles L, Rubinstein JLR (2003 Trends Neurosci 26:469-476) as alternative for Ventral thalamus (see Footnote 68). Related term: Thalamus ventralis. The Prethalamic eminence forms the dorsal part of the Prethalamus. The Prethalamus arises from the alar part of prosomere P3; see Footnote 68). The Stria medullaris passes via the Prethalamic eminence to the Epithalamus; rrenamed Stria medullaris prethalami. The Preoptic area is treated as a separate part (see below). Synonyms added (suggestion Roberto Fadda, Ferrara). Eponym: Monro. Double layer of pia, covering ependyma of roof Ventriculus tertius. Recessus suprapinealis Commissura habenularum Recessus pinealis Commissura posterior Organum subcommissurale Apertura aqueductus mesencephali Recessus infundibuli Eminentia mediana Recessus supraopticus Lamina terminalis Organum vasculosum laminae terminalis Recessus preopticus Columna fornicis Commissura anterior Sulcus hypothalamicus Adhesio interthalamica Morphologia interna Pretectum Substantia grisea Apertura aqueductus cerebri Massa intermedia Area pretectalis Nuclei pretectales Nucleus pretectalis anterior Nucleus tracti optici Nucleus pretectalis olivaris Nucleus pretectalis posterior Nucleus commissurae posterioris Pars principalis Pars magnocellularis Nuclei accessorii tractus optici Nucleus posterior Nucleus lateralis Nucleus medialis Substantia alba Tractus commissurales Commissura posterior Tractus longi Tractus descendentes Tractus tegmentalis medialis Tractus pretectoolivaris Tegmentum prerubrale Substantia grisea Nucleus interstitialis Nucleus interstitialis rostralis fasciculi longitudinalis medialis Nucleus ellipticus Substantia alba Tractus longi Tractus efferentes prerubrales Tractus tegmentalis medialis Nucleus dorsalis Tegmentum diencephali Suprapineal recess Habenular commissure Pineal recess Posterior commissure Subcommissural organ Opening of aqueduct of midbrain Suprapineal recess Habenular commissure Pineal recess Posterior commissure Subcommissural organ Opening of aqueduct of midbrain Opening of cerebral aqueduct Infundibular recess Median eminence Supra-optic recess Lamina terminalis Vascular organ of lamina terminalis Preoptic recess Column of fornix Anterior commissure Hypothalamic sulcus Interthalamic adhesion Internal features Pretectum Grey matter Infundibular recess Median eminence Supraoptic recess Lamina terminalis Vascular organ of lamina terminalis Preoptic recess Column of fornix Anterior commissure Hypothalamic sulcus Interthalamic adhesion Internal features Pretectum Gray matter Pretectal area Pretectal nuclei Anterior pretectal nucleus Nucleus of optic tract Olivary pretectal nucleus Posterior pretectal nucleus Nucleus of the posterior commissure Principal part Magnocellular part Accessory nuclei of optic tract Posterior nucleus Lateral nucleus Medial nucleus White matter Commissural tracts Posterior commissure Long tracts Descending tracts Medial tegmental tract Pretecto-olivary tract Prerubral tegmentum Grey matter Pretectal area Pretectal nuclei Anterior pretectal nucleus Nucleus of optic tract Olivary pretectal nucleus Posterior pretectal nucleus Nucleus of the posterior commissure Principal part Magnocellular part Accessory nuclei of optic tract Posterior nucleus Lateral nucleus Medial nucleus White matter Commissural tracts Posterior commissure Long tracts Descending tracts Medial tegmental tract Pretectoolivary tract Prerubral tegmentum Gray matter Interstitial nucleus Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus Elliptic nucleus White matter Long tracts Prerubral efferent tracts Medial tegmental tract Interstitial nucleus Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus Elliptic nucleus White matter Long tracts Prerubral eferent tracts Medial tegmental tract The confusing Latin term Commissura epithalamica is deleted Replaced from Epithalamus Replaced. Eponym: Monro. Massa intermedia Separate part of Diencephalon, not part of Epithalamus; the following terms are replaced. Grey substance; Gray substance See Footnote 69. Replaced from Mesencephalon. Dorsal nucleus White substance Diencephalic tegmentum Grey substance; Gray substance Pars pretectalis Pars pretectalis See Footnote 70. Replaced from Mesencephalon. Eponym: Cajal. See Footnote 71. See Footnote 69; eponym: Darkschewitsch. White substance Pars prerubralis Tractus prerubroolivaris Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis Tractus interstitiospinalis Epithalamus Substantia grisea Prerubro-olivary tract Medial longitudinal fasciculus Prerubroolivary tract Medial longitudinal fasciculus Pars prerubralis; new term, projection Nucleus ellipticus to Inferior olive. Pars prerubralis Interstitiospinal tract Epithalamus Grey matter Interstitiospinal tract Epithalamus Gray matter Pars prerubralis Nucleus habenularis lateralis Nucleus habenularis medialis Cellulae cholinergicae epithalamicae Substantia alba Tractus commissuralis Commissura habenularum Tractus longi Tractus efferens epithalami Tractus habenulointerpeduncularis Thalamus Substantia grisea Cellulae cholinergicae Ch7 Lateral habenular nucleus Lateral habenular nucleus Medial habenular nucleus Medial habenular nucleus Cholinergic cells of epithalamus Cholinergic cells of epithalamus Fasciculus retroflexus White matter Commissural tract Habenular commissure Long tracts Epithalamic efferent tract Habenulo-interpeduncular tract White matter Commissural tract Habenular commissure Long tracts Epithalamic efferent tract Habenulointer-peduncular tract Thalamus Grey matter Thalamus Gray matter Anterior nuclei of thalamus Anterior nuclei of thalamus Anterodorsal nucleus (AD) Anteromedial nucleus (AM) Anteroventral nucleus (AV) Laterodorsal nucleus (LD) Anterodorsal nucleus (AD) Anteromedial nucleus (AM) Anteroventral nucleus (AV) Laterodorsal nucleus (LD) Nuclei anteriores thalami Regio anterior thalami Grey substance; Gray substance Cholinergic cell group Ch7 Replaced from Aggreg. cellularum chemergicarum. White substance Fasciculus retroflexus Eponym: Meynert. Grey substance; Gray substance See Footnote 72. For the Thalamic nuclei, common abbreviations are added. Nucleus anterodorsalis Nucleus anteromedialis Nucleus anteroventralis Nucleus dorsalis lateralis Nuclei mediales thalami Nucleus mediodorsalis Pars parvocellularis Pars magnocellularis Regio medialis thalami Pars lateralis Pars medialis Medial nuclei of thalamus Medial nuclei of thalamus Mediodorsal nucleus (MD) Mediodorsal nucleus (MD) Parvocellular nucleus (MDpc) Parvocellular nucleus (MDpc) Lateral dorsal nucleus; Dorsal superficial nucleus Replaced from Dorsal nuclei; Laterodorsal nucleus is most commonly used. Medial dorsal nucleus Lateral nucleus Related term: Dorsomedial nucleus. Related term: Pars parvocellularis lateralis. Nucleus centromedianus Nucleus parafascicularis Nucleus subparafascicularis Magnocellular nucleus (MDmc) Paralaminar part (MDpl) Intralaminar nuclei Anterior group of intralaminar nuclei Central medial nucleus (CM) Paracentral nucleus (Pc) Central lateral nucleus (CL) Central group of intralaminar nuclei Centromedian nucleus (CMn) Parafascicular nucleus (Pf) Subparafascicular nucleus (SPf) Paralaminar part (MDpl) Intralaminar nuclei Anterior group of intralaminar nuclei Central medial nucleus (CM) Paracentral nucleus (Pc) Central lateral nucleus (CL) Central group of intralaminar nuclei Centromedian nucleus (CMn) Centre médian Parafascicular nucleus (Pf) Subparafascicular nucleus (SPf) Nuclei intralaminares posteriores Nucleus limitans Nucleus suprageniculatus Nuclei laterales thalami Nucleus ventralis anterior Posterior group of intralaminar nuclei Limitans nucleus (Lim) Suprageniculate nucleus (SG) Lateral nuclei of thalamus Ventral anterior nucleus (VA) Posterior group of intralaminar nuclei Limitans nucleus (Lim) Suprageniculate nucleus (SG) Lateral nuclei of thalamus Ventral anterior nucleus (VA) Pars paralaminaris Nuclei intralaminares thalami Nuclei intralaminares anteriores Nucleus centralis medialis Nucleus paracentralis Nucleus centralis lateralis Nuclei intralaminares centrales Regio lateralis thalami Magnocellular nucleus (MDmc) Medial nucleus Related term: Pars magnocellularis medialis. Here, subdivision of Mai and Forutan (2012) is followed. Eponym: Luys. In TA, described as Posterior nuclear complex of thalamus (A14.1.08.634). For various reasons this term is confusing. Iincludes the TA Posterior nucleus (A14.1.08.636; Mai and Forutan 2012). In TA, described as Nuclei ventrales thalami/Ventral nuclei of thalamus. Pars magnocellularis Pars principalis Nuclei ventrales laterales Nucleus ventrolateralis anterior Nucleus ventrolateralis posterior Nuclei ventrales mediales Nucleus ventromedialis basalis Nucleus ventromedialis principalis Nucleus submedialis Nucleus ventromedialis posterior Nuclei ventrobasales Nucleus ventralis posterolateralis Pars anterior Pars posterior Nucleus ventralis posteromedialis Pars parvocellularis Nucleus ventralis posterior inferior Nuclei periventriculares Nucleus parataenialis Nucleus paraventricularis thalami Nucleus medioventralis Nuclei posteriores thalami Nucleus lateralis posterior Nuclei pulvinares Nucleus pulvinaris anterior Nucleus pulvinaris inferior Nucleus pulvinaris lateralis Nucleus pulvinaris medialis Corpora geniculata Nucleus dorsalis corporis geniculati lateralis Strata koniocellularia K1-K6 Strata magnocellularia M1, M2 Strata parvocellularia P3-P6 Nuclei corporis geniculati medialis Nucleus ventralis Nucleus dorsalis Nucleus medialis magnocellularis Nucleus reuniens Regio posterior thalami Regio geniculata; Metathalamus Magnocellular division (VAmc) Principal division (VAp) Ventral lateral complex (VL) Anterior ventrolateral nucleus (VLa) Posterior ventrolateral nucleus (VLp) Ventral medial complex (VM) Basal ventromedial nucleus (VMb) Principal ventromedial nucleus (VM) Submedial nucleus Ventromedial posterior nucleus (VMpo) Ventroposterior complex (VP) Ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) Anterior part (VPLa) Posterior part (VPLp) Ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) Parvocellular part (VPMpc) Ventral posterior inferior nucleus (VPI) Periventricular nuclei Magnocellular division (VAmc) Principal division (VAp) Ventral lateral complex (VL) Anterior ventrolateral nucleus (VLa) Posterior ventrolateral nucleus (VLp) Ventral medial complex (VM) Basal ventromedial nucleus (VMb) Principal ventromedial nucleus (VM) Submedial nucleus Ventromedial posterior nucleus (VMpo) Ventroposterior complex (VP) Ventrobasal complex Ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) Anterior part (VPLa) Posterior part (VPLp) Ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) Parvocellular part (VPMpc) Ventral posterior inferior nucleus (VPI) Periventricular nuclei Midline nuclei Parataenial nucleus (PT) Paraventricular nucleus of thalamus (PV) Medioventral nucleus (MV) Posterior nuclei of thalamus Lateral posterior nucleus (LP) Pulvinar nuclei Anterior pulvinar nucleus Inferior pulvinar nucleus Lateral pulvinar nucleus Medial pulvinar nucleus Geniculate nuclei Paratenial nucleus (PT) Paraventricular nucleus of thalamus (PV) Medioventral nucleus (MV) Posterior nuclei of thalamus Lateral posterior nucleus (LP) Pulvinar nuclei Anterior pulvinar nucleus Inferior pulvinar nucleus Lateral pulvinar nucleus Medial pulvinar nucleus Geniculate nuclei Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) (LGN) Koniocellular layers K1-K6 Koniocellular layers K1-K6 Magnocellular layers M1, M2 Magnocellular layers M1, M2 Parvocellular layers P3-P6 Parvocellular layers P3-P6 Medial geniculate nuclei (MGN) Medial geniculate nuclei (MGN) Ventral principal nucleus Dorsal nucleus Medial magnocellular nucleus Ventral principal nucleus Dorsal nucleus Medial magnocellular nucleus Related term: Nucleus anterior ventrolateralis. Related term: Nucleus posterior ventrolateralis. Related term: Nucleus basalis ventralis medialis. Related term: Nucleus principalis ventralis medialis. See Footnote 73. Replaced since this nucleus belongs to the Ventroposterior complex. Periventricular nuclei is preferable; these nuclei are found along the third ventricle, not in the midline. No further subdivision into Anterior and posterior paraventricular nuclei necessary. Nucleus reuniens (Re) In TA under Dorsal nuclei of thalamus. Metathalamus The LGN has two Magnocellular layers (M1, M2), four Parvocellular layers (P3-P6) and six Koniocellular layers (K1-K6). Related terms (TH): Lamina I parahilaris magnocellularis and Lamina II magnocellularis. Related terms (TH): Lamina III parvocellularis ventralis, Lamina IV parvocellularis lata, Lamina V parvocellularis angusta and Lamina VI parvocellularis dorsalis. Substantia alba Tractus proprii Lamina medullaris lateralis Lamina medullaris medialis Fibrae intrathalamicae Fibrae periventriculares Tractus longi Tractus ascendentes medullae spinalis Lemniscus spinalis Fibrae spinothalamicae Tractus ascendentes trunci encephali Lemniscus medialis Tractus trigeminothalamici Tractus trigeminothalamicus lateralis Tractus trigeminothalamicus anterior White matter Intrinsic tracts External medullary lamina Internal medullary lamina Intrathalamic fibres Periventricular fibres Long tracts Ascending tracts from spinal cord Spinal lemniscus Spinothalamic fibres Ascending tracts from brain stem Medial lemniscus Trigeminothalamic tracts Lateral trigeminothalamic tract Tractus trigemino-thalamicus Anterior trigeminothalamic ventralis; Lemniscus tract trigeminalis Tractus trigeminothalamicus Tractus trigemino-thalamicus Posterior trigeminothalamic posterior dorsalis tract Tractus vestibulothalamicus Vestibulothalamic tract Brachium colliculi inferioris Brachium of inferior colliculus Brachium colliculi superioris Brachium of superior colliculus Pedunculus cerebellaris superior Superior cerebellar peduncle Tractus opticus Optic tract Fibrae corticothalamicae Corticothalamic fibres Ansa lenticularis Ansa lenticularis Fasciculus lenticularis Lenticular fasciculus Fasciculus thalamicus Thalamic fasciculus Fasciculus mammillothalamicus Fasciculus mamillothalamicus Mamillothalamic fasciculus Tractus efferentes thalami Radiationes thalamicae White matter White substance Intrinsic tracts External medullary lamina Internal medullary lamina Intrathalamic fibers Periventricular fibers Long tracts Ascending tracts from spinal cord Spinal lemniscus Spinothalamic fibers Ascending tracts from brain stem Medial lemniscus Trigeminothalamic tracts Lateral trigeminothalamic tract Anterior trigeminothalamic tract Ventral trigeminothalamic tract; Trigeminal lemniscus Posterior trigeminothalamic tract Vestibulothalamic tract Brachium of inferior colliculus Brachium of superior colliculus Superior cerebellar peduncle Optic tract Corticothalamic fibers Ansa lenticularis Lenticular fasciculus Thalamic fasciculus Mammillothalamic fasciculus Efferent tracts from thalamus Efferent tracts from thalamus Pars thalamica Pars thalamica Pars thalamica Pars thalamica; eponym: Wallenberg. Pars thalamica; see Footnote 56. Pars thalamica Pars thalamica Pars thalami Pars thalamica Pars thalamica Pars thalamica Pars thalamica Pars thalamica; eponym: Vicq d'Azyr. Thalamic radiations Radiatio anterior thalami Fibrae thalamofrontales Radiatio centralis thalami Fibrae thalamoparietales Radiatio inferior thalami Fibrae thalamotemporales Ansa peduncularis Radiatio acustica Radiatio posterior thalami Radiatio optica Anterior thalamic radiation Thalamofrontal fibres Central thalamic radiation Thalamoparietal fibres Inferior thalamic radiation Thalamotemporal fibres Ansa peduncularis Acoustic radiation Posterior thalamic radiation Optic radiation Fasciculus anterior Fasciculus centralis Fasciculus dorsalis Prethalamus Nucleus reticularis prethalami Nucleus reticularis thalami Anterior bundle Anterior bundle Central bundle Central bundle Dorsal bundle Dorsal bundle Prethalamus Prethalamus Reticular nucleus of prethalamus Reticular nucleus of prethalamus Reticular nucleus of thalamus Nucleus pregeniculatus Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus Pregeniculate nucleus Nucleus ventralis corporis geniculati lateralis Anterior thalamic radiation Thalamofrontal fibers Central thalamic radiation Thalamoparietal fibers Inferior thalamic radiation Thalamotemporal fibers Ansa peduncularis Acoustic radiation Posterior thalamic radiation Optic radiation Dorsal trigeminothalamic tract Pars thalamica Thalamocortical fibres according to the targeted Lobe. Peduncular loop Corticothalamic and Thalamotemporal fibres and Ventral amygdalofugal pathway. Eponym: Gratiolet; with three parts (see Mandelstam SA 2012 AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 33:12041210). Eponym: Meyer('s loop). Related term: Ventral tthalamus. In TA, found under Thalamus. In TA, found under Metathalamus. Nuclei campi perizonalis (H, H1, H2) Nucleus campi medialis (H) Nucleus campi dorsalis (H1) Nucleus campi ventralis (H2) Zona incerta Cellulae dopaminergicae zonae Cellulae dopaminergicae A13 incertae Subthalamus Nucleus subthalamicus Hypothalamus Substantia grisea Nuclei of perizonal fields (H, H1, H2) Nucleus of medial field (H) Nucleus of dorsal field (H1) Nucleus of ventral field (H2) Zona incerta Dopaminergic cells of zona incerta Subthalamus Subthalamic nucleus Hypothalamus Grey matter Nuclei of perizonal fields (H, H1, H2) Nucleus of medial field (H) Nucleus of dorsal field (H1) Nucleus of ventral field (H2) Zona incerta Dopaminergic cells of zona Dopaminergic cell group A13 incerta Subthalamus Subthalamic nucleus Hypothalamus Gray matter Grey substance; Gray substance Replaced from Subthalamus. Eponym: Forel. Area hypothalamica anterior Anterior hypothalamic area Anterior hypothalamic area Latin term corrected (rostralis > anterior). Nucleus anterior hypothalami Nucleus periventricularis anterior Nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami Nucleus suprachiasmaticus Nucleus supraopticus Pars dorsolateralis Pars dorsomedialis Pars ventromedialis Pars anterior areae hypothalamicae lateralis Cellulae dopaminergicae areae anterioris hypothalamicae Area hypothalamica intermedia Nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami Nucleus arcuatus Cellulae dopaminergicae nuclei arcuati Nucleus periventricularis posterior Area retrochiasmatica Nuclei tuberales laterales Nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami Nucleus perifornicalis Pars tuberalis areae hypothalamicae lateralis Area hypothalamica posterior Pars posterior areae hypothalamicae lateralis Nucleus premammillaris dorsalis Area hypothalamica chiasmatica Anterior hypothalamic nucleus Anterior periventricular nucleus Paraventricular nucleus Anterior hypothalamic region; Chiasmatic hypothalamic area Replaced from Subthalamus. Replaced from Aggregationes cellularum chemergicarum. Ontogenetically, hypothalamic in origin (see TE); eponym: Luys. See Footnote 74. Anterior hypothalamic nucleus Anterior periventricular nucleus Latin term corrected (ventralis > anterior) to contrast it with the Nucleus periventricularis posterior. Paraventricular nucleus Suprachiasmatic nucleus Supra-optic nucleus Dorsolateral part Dorsomedial part Ventromedial part Anterior part of Lateral hypothalamic area Cellulae dopaminergicae A14 Dopaminergic cells in anterior area of hypothalamus Area hypothalamica tuberalis Intermediate hypothalamic area Suprachiasmatic nucleus Supraoptic nucleus Dorsolateral part Dorsomedial part Ventromedial part Anterior part of Lateral hypothalamic area Dopaminergic cells in anterior area of hypothalamus Intermediate hypothalamic area Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus Nucleus infundibularis Arcuate nucleus Cellulae dopaminergicae A12 Dopaminergic cells of arcuate nucleus Posterior periventricular nucleus Retrochiasmatic area Lateral tuberal nuclei Ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus Perifornical nucleus Tuberal part of lateral hypothalamic area Area hypothalamica Posterior hypothalamic area mammillaria; Area hypothalamica mamillaria Posterior part of lateral hypothalamic area Nucleus premamillaris Dorsal premamillary nucleus dorsalis Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus Arcuate nucleus Dopaminergic cells of arcuate nucleus Posterior periventricular nucleus Retrochiasmatic area Lateral tuberal nuclei Ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus Perifornical nucleus Tuberal part of lateral hypothalamic area Posterior hypothalamic area Posterior part of lateral hypothalamic area Dorsal premammillary nucleus Dopaminergic cell group A14 Replaced from Aggregationes cellularum chemergicarum. Intermediate hypothalamic region; Tuberal hypothalamic area Infundibular nucleus Dopaminergic cell group A12 Retrochiasmatic region Posterior hypothalamic region; Mamillary hypothalamic area; Mammillary hypothalamic area Related term: Nucleus semilunaris. Replaced from Aggregationes cellularum chemergicarum. Nucleus premammillaris ventralis Nucleus tuberomammillaris Nucleus mammillaris lateralis Nucleus mammillaris medialis Nucleus supramammillaris Nucleus posterior hypothalami Nucleus premamillaris ventralis Nucleus tuberomamillaris Nucleus mamillaris lateralis Nucleus mamillaris medialis Nucleus supramamillaris Ventral premamillary nucleus Tuberomamillary nucleus Lateral mamillary nucleus Medial mamillary nucleus Supramamillary nucleus Posterior hypothalamic nucleus Cellulae dopaminergicae areae Cellulae dopaminergicae A11 Dopaminergic cells of hypothalamicae posterioris posterior hypothalamus Zonae hypothalamicae Zona periventricularis Zona medialis Zona lateralis Substantia alba Tractus proprii Fibrae periventriculares Tractus commissurales Commissurae supraopticae Commissura supraoptica dorsalis Commissura supraoptica ventralis Tractus longi Tractus ascendentes Fasciculus longitudinalis Fasciculus longitudinalis posterior dorsalis Stria terminalis Tractus amygdalofugalis ventralis Zones of hypothalamus Periventricular zone Medial zone Lateral zone White matter Intrinsic tracts Periventricular fibres Commissural tracts Supra-optic commissures Dorsal supra-optic commissure Fornix Pedunculus mammilaris Pedunculus mamillaris Tractus retinohypothalamicus Fibrae spinohypothalamicae Tractus efferentes hypothalami Fasciculus mammillaris principalis Fasciculus mammillothalamicus Fasciculus mammillotegmentalis Fasciculus prosencephali medialis Fibrae hypothalamocorticales Tractus hypothalamohypophysiales Tractus paraventriculohypophysialis Tractus supraopticohypophysialis Tractus hypothalamospinalis Area preoptica Fasciculus mamillaris principalis Fasciculus mamillothalamicus Fasciculus mamillotegmentalis Ventral premammillary nucleus Replaced. Tuberomammillary nucleus Lateral mammillary nucleus Medial mammillary nucleus Supramammillary nucleus Posterior hypothalamic nucleus Related term: Lateral nucleus of mammillary body. Related term: Medial nucleus of mammillary body. Dopaminergic cells of posterior Dopaminergic cell group A11 hypothalamus Zones of hypothalamus Periventricular zone Medial zone Lateral zone White matter Intrinsic tracts Periventricular fibers Commissural tracts Supraoptic commissures Dorsal supraoptic commissure Replaced from Aggregationes cellularum chemergicarum. White substance See Footnote 75. Eponyms: Meynert, Ganser. Ventral supra-optic Ventral supraoptic commissure commissure Long tracts Long tracts Ascending tracts Ascending tracts Posterior longitudinal fasciculus Posterior longitudinal fasciculus Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus Replaced. Eponym: von Gudden. Stria terminalis Ventral amygdalofugal tract Stria terminalis Ventral amygdalofugal tract Pars hypothalamica Pars hypothalamica Fornix Mamillary peduncle Retinohypothalamic tract Spinohypothalamic fibres Efferent tracts from hypothalamus Principle mamillary fasciculus Fornix Mammillary peduncle Retinohypothalamic tract Spinohypothalamic fibers Efferent tracts from hypothalamus Principle mammillary fasciculus Pars hypothalamica New term; from Mesencephalic tegmental nuclei. Mamillothalamic fasciculus Mammillothalamic fasciculus Pars hypothalamica; eponym: Vicq d'Azyr. Mamillotegmental fasciculus Mammillotegmental fasciculus Pars hypothalamica Medial forebrain bundle Medial forebrain bundle Pars hypothalamica; eponym: Schütz. Related term: Fasciculus medialis telencephali. Hypothalamocortical fibres Hypothalamocortical fibers Hypothalamo-hypophysial tracts Hypothalamo-hypophysial tracts Paraventriculo-hypophysial tract Supra-optico-hypophysial tract Hypothalamospinal tract Preoptic area Paraventriculo-hypophysial tract Supraoptico-hypophysial tract The TA term Paraventricular fibres is deleted. Hypothalamospinal tract Preoptic area Pars hypothalamica Ibid., Supra-optic fibres. Nucleus preopticus lateralis Nucleus preopticus medialis Nucleus preopticus medianus Nucleus preopticus periventricularis Nucleus preopticus ventrolateralis Nuclei interstitiales hypothalami anteriores Nucleus dimorphus sexualis Cellulae dopaminergicae areae preopticae TELENCEPHALON Morphologia externa Hemispherium cerebri Gyri cerebri Lobi cerebri Sulci cerebri Fissura longitudinalis cerebri Fossa lateralis cerebri Margo superior Margo inferomedialis Margo inferolateralis Facies superolateralis hemispherii cerebri Sulci interlobares Sulcus centralis Sulcus lateralis Ramus posterior Ramus ascendens Ramus anterior Sulcus parietooccipitalis Incisura preoccipitalis Lobus frontalis Sulcus frontomarginalis Polus frontalis Operculum frontale Gyrus frontalis inferior Pars orbitalis Pars triangularis Pars opercularis Sulcus diagonalis Sulcus frontalis inferior Gyrus frontalis medius Cortex prefrontalis Cortex prefrontalis dorsolateralis Cortex prefrontalis ventrolateralis Cortex premotorius Cortex premotorius dorsalis Cortex premotorius ventralis Gyrus precentralis Lateral preoptic nucleus Medial preoptic nucleus Median preoptic nucleus Periventricular preoptic nucleus Lateral preoptic nucleus Medial preoptic nucleus Median preoptic nucleus Periventricular preoptic nucleus Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) (VLPO) Interstitial nuclei of anterior Interstitial nuclei of anterior hypothalamus (INAH) hypothalamus (INAH) Sexual dimorphic nucleus Sexual dimorphic nucleus (SDN) (SDN) Cellulae dopaminergicae A15 Dopaminergic cells of preoptic Dopaminergic cells from preoptic area area CEREBRUM TELENCEPHALON TELENCEPHALON External features External features Cerebral hemisphere Cerebral hemisphere Cerebral gyri Cerebral gyri Cerebral lobes Cerebral lobes Cerebral sulci Cerebral sulci Longitudinal cerebral fissure Longitudinal cerebral fissure Lateral cerebral fossa Lateral cerebral fossa Superior margin Superior margin Inferomedial margin Inferomedial margin Inferolateral margin Inferolateral margin Superolateral surface of Superolateral surface of cerebral hemisphere cerebral hemisphere Interlobar sulci Interlobar sulci Central sulcus Central sulcus Lateral sulcus Lateral sulcus Posterior ramus Posterior ramus Ascending ramus Ascending ramus Anterior ramus Anterior ramus Parieto-occipital sulcus Parietooccipital sulcus Pre-occipital notch Preoccipital notch Frontal lobe Frontal lobe Frontomarginal sulcus Frontomarginal sulcus Frontal pole Frontal pole Frontal operculum Frontal operculum Inferior frontal gyrus Inferior frontal gyrus Orbital part Orbital part Triangular part Triangular part Opercular part Opercular part Diagonal sulcus Diagonal sulcus Inferior frontal sulcus Inferior frontal sulcus Middle frontal gyrus Middle frontal gyrus Prefrontal cortex Prefrontal cortex Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex Premotor cortex Dorsal premotor cortex Ventral premotor cortex Precentral gyrus Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex Premotor cortex Dorsal premotor cortex Ventral premotor cortex Precentral gyrus See Footnote 76. New term. CEREBRUM Eponym: Sylvius. Classic numbering convention (F1-F3, O1-O6, P1, P 2, T1-T5), functional subdivision and Brodmann areas (BA) placed under English synonyms. Sulci interlobares are not repeated under the various Lobi as in TA Eponym: Rolando. Eponym: Sylvius. Eponym: Gratiolet. New eponym: Meynert. BA10 F3 BA47 BA44; Broca's area BA45; Broca's area See Footnote 77. See Footnote 78. Eponym: Broca; see Footnote 79. Ibid. Eponym: Eberstaller; see Footnote 79. F2 New subdivision. BA8, 9, 9/46 BA44, 45, 47/12 See Footnote 80. BA6 BA6 Primary motor cortex; M1; BA4 Sulcus precentralis Sulcus subcentralis anterior Sulcus subcentralis posterior Gyrus frontalis superior Sulcus frontalis superior Lobus parietalis Gyrus postcentralis Precentral sulcus Anterior subcentral sulcus Posterior subcentral sulcus Superior frontal gyrus Superior frontal sulcus Parietal lobe Postcentral gyrus Precentral sulcus Anterior subcentral sulcus Posterior subcentral sulcus Superior frontal gyrus Superior frontal sulcus Parietal lobe Postcentral gyrus Sulcus postcentralis Lobulus parietalis superior Sulcus intraparietalis Sulcus intermedius primus Sulcus intermedius secundus Sulcus parietalis transversus Lobulus parietalis inferior Gyrus angularis Operculum parietale Gyrus supramarginalis Lobus occipitalis Polus occipitalis Sulcus lunatus Sulcus occipitalis transversus Gyrus occipitalis superior Gyrus occipitalis medius Gyrus occipitalis inferior Gyrus occipitalis descendens Area striata Areae extrastriatae Lobus temporalis Polus temporalis Gyrus temporalis superior Pars anterior Postcentral sulcus Superior parietal lobule Intraparietal sulcus First intermediate sulcus Second intermediate sulcus Transverse parietal sulcus Inferior parietal lobule Angular gyrus Parietal operculum Supramarginal gyrus Occipital lobe Occipital pole Lunate sulcus Transverse occipital sulcus Superior occipital gyrus Middle occipital gyrus Inferior occipital gyrus Descending occipital gyrus Striate area Extrastriate areas Temporal lobe Temporal pole Superior temporal gyrus Anterior part Postcentral sulcus Superior parietal lobule Intraparietal sulcus First intermediate sulcus Second intermediate sulcus Transverse parietal sulcus Inferior parietal lobule Angular gyrus Parietal operculum Supramarginal gyrus Occipital lobe Occipital pole Lunate sulcus Transverse occipital sulcus Superior occipital gyrus Middle occipital gyrus Inferior occipital gyrus Descending occipital gyrus Striate area Extrastriate areas Temporal lobe Temporal pole Superior temporal gyrus Anterior part Pars posterior Operculum temporale Planum polare Gyri temporales transversi Posterior part Temporal operculum Polar plane Transverse temporal gyri Posterior part Temporal operculum Polar plane Transverse temporal gyri Gyrus temporalis transversus anterior Gyrus temporalis transversus posterior Planum temporale Sulci temporales transversi Sulcus temporalis transversus anterior Sulcus temporalis transversus intermedius Sulcus temporalis transversus posterior Sulcus temporalis superior Gyrus temporalis medius Sulcus temporalis inferior Gyrus temporalis inferior Anterior transverse temporal gyrus Posterior transverse temporal gyrus Temporal plane Transverse temporal sulci Anterior transverse temporal sulcus Intermediate transverse temporal sulcus Posterior transverse temporal sulcus Superior temporal sulcus Middle temporal gyrus Inferior temporal sulcus Inferior temporal gyrus Anterior transverse temporal gyrus Posterior transverse temporal gyrus Temporal plane Transverse temporal sulci Anterior transverse temporal sulcus Intermediate transverse temporal sulcus Posterior transverse temporal sulcus Superior temporal sulcus Middle temporal gyrus Inferior temporal sulcus Inferior temporal gyrus F1 Primary somatosensory cortex; S1; BA3,1,2 P1; SPL; BA5, 7 P2; IPL BA39 See Footnote 82. See Footnote 83. See Footnote 84; eponym: Jensen. See Footnote 84; eponym: Eberstaller. See Footnote 85; eponym: Brissaud. See Footnote 86. BA40 Further subdivision of the Occipital lobe into gyri. O1 O2 O3 New subdivision after Duvernoy (1992) Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Eponym: Ecker. Primary visual cortex; V1; BA17 Visual cortices V2-V8; BA18, 19 BA38 T1, BA22 Belt area; Secondary auditory cortex; BA42 Wernicke's area Primary auditory cortex; Core area; BA41 See Footnote 87. Eponym: Wernicke. See Footnote 88. Eponym: Heschl. See Footnote 88. T2; BA21 T3; BA20 Insula Gyri insulae Gyrus longus insulae Gyri breves insulae Sulcus centralis insulae Sulcus circularis insulae Limen insulae Facies inferomedialis hemispherii cerebri Sulci interlobares Sulcus corporis callosi Sulcus cinguli Ramus marginalis Sulcus subparietalis Sulcus collateralis Lobus insularis Junctio frontotemporalis Sulcus marginalis Sulcus centralis Lobus frontalis Gyrus frontalis superior Sulcus paracentralis Lobulus paracentralis Gyrus paracentralis anterior Cortex prefrontalis Cortex prefrontalis medialis Cortex premotorius Cortex premotorius medialis Area subcallosa Gyrus paraterminalis Area paraolfactoria Gyrus paraolfactorius Sulci paraolfactorii Sulcus paraolfactorius anterius Sulcus paraolfactorius posterius Gyri orbitales Gyrus orbitalis medialis Gyrus orbitalis anterior Gyrus orbitalis posterior Gyrus orbitalis lateralis Sulci orbitales Sulcus orbitalis lateralis Sulcus orbitalis transversus Sulcus orbitalis medialis Gyrus rectus Sulcus olfactorius Substantia perforata anterior Structurae olfactoriae Bulbus olfactorius Pedunculus olfactorius Tractus olfactorius Insula Insular gyri Long gyrus of insula Short gyri of insula Central sulcus of insula Circular sulcus of insula Limen insulae Insula Insular gyri Long gyrus of insula Short gyri of insula Central sulcus of insula Circular sulcus of insula Limen insulae Inferomedial surface of cerebral hemisphere Interlobar sulci Sulcus of corpus callosum Cingulate sulcus Marginal branch Subparietal sulcus Collateral sulcus Inferomedial surface of cerebral hemisphere Interlobar sulci Sulcus of corpus callosum Cingulate sulcus Marginal branch Subparietal sulcus Collateral sulcus Central sulcus Frontal lobe Superior frontal gyrus Paracentral sulcus Paracentral lobule Anterior paracentral gyrus Prefrontal cortex Medial prefrontal cortex Premotor cortex Medial premotor cortex Subcallosal area Paraterminal gyrus Paraolfactory area Paraolfactory gyrus Central sulcus Frontal lobe Superior frontal gyrus Paracentral sulcus Paracentral lobule Anterior paracentral gyrus Prefrontal cortex Medial prefrontal cortex Premotor cortex Medial premotor cortex Subcallosal area Paraterminal gyrus Paraolfactory area Paraolfactory gyrus Paraolfactory sulci Anterior paraolfactory sulcus Substantia perforata rostralis Insular lobe BA13-16 Eponym: Reil. Insular threshold; Frontotemporal junction The TA term Facies medialis et inferior hemispherii cerebri is simplified. Marginal sulcus This sulcus 'separates' the Limbic lobe from the Temporal lobe (see Duvernoy 1992), and may be viewed as an Interlobar sulcus. F1; BA4, 6, 8, 9, 10 Related term: Gyrus frontalis medialis. Primary motor cortex; M1; BA4 BA24, 32 See Footnote 80. BA6 Subcallosal gyrus; BA32 The Paraterminal gyrus ('Septum verum') marks the location of the Septal nuclei (see Subpallium). BA25 Only one Gyrus paraolfactorius, marked by the Ant. paraolfactory sulcus rostrally, and the Post. paraolfactory sulcus caudally (Duvernoy 1992). Paraolfactory sulci Anterior paraolfactory sulcus Posterior paraolfactory sulcus Orbital gyri Medial orbital gyrus Anterior orbital gyrus Posterior orbital gyrus Lateral orbital gyrus Orbital sulci Lateral orbital sulcus Transverse orbital sulcus Medial orbital sulcus Straight gyrus Olfactory sulcus Anterior perforated substance Olfactory structures Posterior paraolfactory sulcus Orbital gyri Medial orbital gyrus Anterior orbital gyrus Posterior orbital gyrus Lateral orbital gyrus Orbital sulci Lateral orbital sulcus Transverse orbital sulcus Medial orbital sulcus Straight gyrus Olfactory sulcus Anterior perforated substance Olfactory structures Olfactory bulb Olfactory peduncle Olfactory tract Olfactory bulb Olfactory peduncle Olfactory tract BA11-13 See Footnote 89. Gyrus between the Olfactory sulcus and the Medial orbital sulcus. Cortex rostral to the Transverse orbital sulcus. Cortex caudal to the Transverse orbital sulcus. Gyrus lateral to the Lateral orbital sulcus. See Footnote 89. Rostral perforated substance Term added here. Here, the Olfactory structures from Bulbus olfactorius until the Striae olfactoriae (A14.1.09.429/436) are added. The following structures are separate structures. Trigonum olfactorium Tuberculum olfactorium Striae olfactoriae Stria olfactoria medialis Stria olfactoria lateralis Regio retrobulbaris Cortex piriformis Pars frontalis Pars temporalis Lobus parietalis Lobulus paracentralis Gyrus paracentralis posterior Sulcus parietalis transversus Precuneus Sulcus subparietalis Ramus marginalis Cortex olfactorius primarius Sulcus marginalis Lobus occipitalis Cuneus Sulcus calcarinus Gyrus lingualis Gyrus fusiformis Sulcus occipitotemporalis Area striata Areae extrastriatae Lobus temporalis Gyrus temporalis inferior Sulcus occipitotemporalis Gyrus fusiformis Cortex ectorhinalis Sulcus collateralis Gyrus parahippocampalis Lobus limbicus Gyrus limbicus Area subcallosa Gyrus cinguli Gyrus cinguli, pars anterior Gyrus cinguli, pars media Gyrus cinguli, pars posterior Cortex retrosplenialis Isthmus gyri cinguli Gyrus parahippocampalis Cortex entorhinalis Substantia reticularis alba Verrucae hippocampi Cortex perirhinalis Uncus Gyrus ambiens Sulcus semianularis Gyrus semilunaris Gyrus uncinatus Limbus fasciae dentatae Gyrus subcallosus Olfactory trigone Olfactory tubercle Olfactory striae Medial olfactory stria Lateral olfactory stria Retrobulbar region Piriform cortex Frontal part Temporal part Parietal lobe Paracentral lobule Posterior paracentral gyrus Olfactory trigone Olfactory tubercle Olfactory striae Medial olfactory stria Lateral olfactory stria Retrobulbar region Piriform cortex Frontal part Temporal part Parietal lobe Paracentral lobule Posterior paracentral gyrus Transverse parietal sulcus Precuneus Subparietal sulcus Marginal branch Transverse parietal sulcus Precuneus Subparietal sulcus Marginal branch Occipital lobe Cuneus Calcarine sulcus Lingual gyrus Fusiform gyrus Occipitotemporal sulcus Striate area Extrastriate areas Temporal lobe Inferior temporal gyrus Occipitotemporal sulcus Fusiform gyrus Ectorhinal cortex Collateral sulcus Parahippocampal gyrus Limbic lobe Occipital lobe Cuneus Calcarine sulcus Lingual gyrus Fusiform gyrus Occipitotemporal sulcus Striate area Extrastriate areas Temporal lobe Inferior temporal gyrus Occipitotemporal sulcus Fusiform gyrus Ectorhinal cortex Collateral sulcus Parahippocampal gyrus Limbic lobe Limbic gyrus Subcallosal area Cingulate gyrus Anterior cingulate cortex Midcingulate cortex Posterior cingulate cortex Retrosplenial cortex Isthmus of cingulate gyrus Parahippocampal gyrus Entorhinal cortex White reticular substance Hippocampal warts Perirhinal cortex Uncus Ambient gyrus Semi-anular sulcus Semilunar gyrus Uncinate gyrus Band of dentate gyrus Limbic gyrus Subcallosal area Cingulate gyrus Anterior cingulate cortex Midcingulate cortex Posterior cingulate cortex Retrosplenial cortex Isthmus of cingulate gyrus Parahippocampal gyrus Entorhinal cortex White reticular substance Hippocampal warts Perirhinal cortex Uncus Ambient gyrus Semianular sulcus Semilunar gyrus Uncinate gyrus Band of dentate gyrus Primary olfactory cortex; BA51 See Footnote 90. See Footnote 91. Ibid. Primary somatosensory cortex; S1; BA3,1,2 Eponym: Brissaud. P1; BA5, 7 Marginal sulcus Forms part of the Cingulate sulcus. O6; BA17, 18, 19 O5; BA17, 18, 19 O4; BA18, 19, 20, 37 Related term: Gyrus occipito-temporalis medialis. Related term: Gyrus occipito-temporalis lateralis. Primary visual cortex; V1; BA17 Visual cortices V2-V8; BA18, 19 Related terms: Area parastriata (BA18), Area peristriata (BA19). T3; BA20, 21, 37 T4; BA20, 36, 37 BA36 T5 See Footnote 92. Related term: Sulcus occipito-temporalis lateralis. Related term: Gyrus occipito-temporalis lateralis. See Footnote 93. Related term: Sulcus occipito-temporalis medialis. For subdivision see Lobus limbicus. Here, the French subdivision (Broca, Duvernoy 1992) is proposed: an Outer ring (Limbic gyrus) and an Inner ring (Hippocampal formation). Outer ring of limbic lobe Subcallosal gyrus See Footnote 94. BA32 BA24 BA23, 31 BA26, 29, 30 T5 BA28, 34 BA35 See Footnote 95. Ibid.; eponym: Arnold. See Footnote 95. See Footnote 96. See Footnote 97. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid.; eponym: Giacomini. Gyrus intralimbicus Sulcus collateralis Sulcus rhinalis Sulcus intrarhinalis Formatio hippocampi Pars precommissuralis hippocampi Pars supracommissuralis hippocampi Stria longitudinalis lateralis Indusium griseum Stria longitudinalis medialis Pars retrocommissuralis hippocampi Sulcus hippocampalis Gyrus dentatus Sulcus fimbriodentatus Fimbria hippocampi Dentes subiculi Gyrus fasciolaris Fasciola cinerea Corpus callosum Rostrum Genu Truncus Splenium Septum pellucidum Cavum Lamina Morphologia interna Cortex cerebri Pallium Pallium dorsale Pallium laterale Pallium mediale Pallium ventrale Allocortex Archicortex Paleocortex Isocortex Isocortex granularis Areae sensoriae primariae Areae sensoriae unimodales Areae associationis ordinis magni Isocortex agranularis Area motoria primaria Areae motoriae nonprimariae Mesocortex Proisocortex Periallocortex Peripaleocortex Periarchicortex Isocortex Hippocampus proprius Gyri subspleniales Corpus Neocortex Areae majores associationis Intralimbic gyrus Collateral sulcus Rhinal sulcus Intrarhinal sulcus Hippocampal formation Precommissural part of hippocampus Supracommissural part of hippocampus Lateral longitudinal stria Indusium griseum Medial longitudinal stria Retrocommissural part of hippocampus Hippocampal sulcus Dentate gyrus Fimbriodentate sulcus Fimbria of hippocampus Gyri of Andreas Retzius Fasciolar gyrus Fasciola cinerea Corpus callosum Rostrum Genu Trunk Splenium Septum pellucidum Cave Lamina Internal features Cerebral cortex Cerebral cortex Dorsal pallium Lateral pallium Medial pallium Ventral pallium Allocortex Archicortex Paleocortex Isocortex Granular isocortex Primary sensory areas Unimodal sensory areas Higher-order association areas Intralimbic gyrus Collateral sulcus Rhinal sulcus Intrarhinal sulcus Hippocampal formation Precommissural part of hippocampus Supracommissural part of hippocampus Lateral longitudinal stria Indusium griseum Medial longitudinal stria Retrocommissural part of hippocampus Hippocampal sulcus Dentate gyrus Fimbriodentate sulcus Fimbria of hippocampus Gyri of Andreas Retzius Fasciolar gyrus Fasciola cinerea Corpus callosum Rostrum Genu Trunk Splenium Septum pellucidum Cave Lamina Internal features Cerebral cortex Cerebral cortex Dorsal pallium Lateral pallium Medial pallium Ventral pallium Allocortex Archicortex Paleocortex Isocortex Granular isocortex Primary sensory areas Unimodal sensory areas Higher-order association areas Agranular isocortex Primary motor area Nonprimary motor areas Mesocortex Proisocortex Periallocortex Peripaleocortex Periarchicortex Isocortex Agranular isocortex Primary motor area Nonprimary motor areas Mesocortex Proisocortex Periallocortex Peripaleocortex Periarchicortex Isocortex Uncal apex See Footnote 97. Inner ring of limbic lobe See Footnote 98. See Footnote 99. Replaced from Corpus callosum. Related term: Taenia tecta; eponym: Lancisi. Ibid., replaced. Ibid., replaced; related term: Taenia libera; eponym: Lancisi. Hippocampus proper Subsplenial gyri See Footnote 100; eponym: A.Retzius. See Footnote 100. See Footnote 100. Macroscopically visible structures on a median section of the cerebrum are added. Body See Footnote 101. See Footnote 102. See Footnote 103. See Footnote 104. Neocortex See Footnote 105. V1, S1, A1, BA17, B3, BA41 Examples are V2-V8, BA42, BA2. Prefrontal, Temporal. Parietal association areas. BA4. BA6 (F2-F7). See Footnote 106 Ibid. Claustrum. Entorhinal, Presubicular, Retrospenial cortices and part of the Cingulate gyrus. Strata isocorticis Lamina molecularis Lamina granularis externa Lamina pyramidalis externa Lamina granularis interna Lamina pyramidalis interna Lamina multiformis Striae fibrarum myelinatarum isocorticis Stria laminae molecularis Sublamina superficialis Sublamina intermedia Sublamina profunda Lamina dysfibrosa Lamina suprastriata Sublamina superficialis Sublamina intermedia Sublamina profunda Stria laminae pyramidalis externae Lamina intrastriata Stria laminae pyramidalis internae Lamina substriata et limitans Lamina substriata Lamina limitans Stria verticalis Columna corticalis isocorticis Cortex visualis primarius Stria occipitalis Columna dominantiae ocularis Columna orientationis Hypercolumna Typi neurales isocorticis Neuron projectionis Neuron pyramidale magnum Neuron pyramidale giganteum Neuron commissurale Neuron pyramidale medium Neuron associationis Neuron pyramidale parvum Interneura isocorticis Interneuron excitatorium Neuron stellatum spinosum Interneuron inhibitorium Neuron axodendriticum Neuron bipolare Neuron horizontale Neuron multiplumosum Neuron neurogliaforme Lamina I Lamina II Lamina III Lamina IV Lamina V Lamina VI Lamina 1; Lamina tangentialis Sublamina 1a Sublamina 1b Sublamina 1c Lamina 2 Lamina 3 Sublamina 3a Sublamina 3b Sublamina 3c Layers of isocortex Molecular layer External granular layer External pyramidal layer Internal granular layer Internal pyramidal layer Multiform layer Striae of fibres in isortex Layers of isocortex Molecular layer External granular layer External pyramidal layer Internal granular layer Internal pyramidal layer Multiform layer Striae of fibers in isortex Layer I Layer II Layer III Layer IV Layer V Layer VI Stria of molecular layer Stria of molecular layer Layer 1; Tangential layer Superficial sublayer Intermediate sublayer Deep sublayer Dysfibrous layer Suprastriate layer Superficial sublayer Intermediate sublayer Deep sublayer Dysfibrous layer Suprastriate layer Sublayer 1a Sublayer 1b Sublayer 1c Layer 2 Layer 3 Superficial sublayer Intermediate sublayer Deep sublayer Superficial sublayer Intermediate sublayer Deep sublayer Sublayer 3a Sublayer 3b Sublayer 3c Cytoarchitectonic subdivision; numbering convention: Roman numerals. [I] corrected to Lamina I. Myeloarchitectonic subdivision; Arabic numerals for clear distinction from cytoarchitectonic layers designated in Roman numerals. Here, TH layers (H4.8.03.017/032) are modified. Related term: Lamina zonalis (Zonal layer). Eponym: Exner. Suprastriate, Intrastriate and Substriate layer refer to position to Outer and Inner Baillarger stripes. TH's 'infrastriate' corrected. Eponym: Stripe of Kaes-Bechterew. Lamina 4 Stria of external pyramidal layer Stria of external pyramidal layer Layer 4 Not in TH; added from Vogt C, Vogt O (1919) Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. J Psychol Neurol (Lpz) 25:279-461. Eponym: External or outer stripe of Baillarger. Sublamina 5a Sublamina 5b Intrastriate layer Intrastriate layer Stria of internal pyramidal layer Stria of internal pyramidal layer Sublayer 5a Sublayer 5b Related term: Infrastriate layer. Eponym: Internal or inner stripe of Baillarger. Lamina 6 Sublamina 6a Sublamina 6b Substriate and limiting layer Substriate layer Limiting layer Vertical stria Cortical column of isocortex Primary visual cortex Occipital stripe Ocular dominance column Orientation column Hypercolumn Neuron types of isocortex Projection neuron Large pyramidal neuron Giant pyramidal neuron Commissural neuron Medium-sized pyramidal neuron Association neuron Small pyramidal neuron Isocortical interneurons Excitatory interneuron Spiny stellate neuron Inhibitory interneuron Axodendritic cell Bipolar neuron Horizontal neuron Multitufted neuron Neurogliaform neuron Layer 6 Sublayer 6a Sublayer 6b Area striata Neuron pyramidale Interneuron spinosum Interneuron leve Neuron araneiforme Substriate and limiting layer Substriate layer Limiting layer Vertical stria Cortical column of isocortex Primary visual cortex Occipital stripe Ocular dominance column Orientation column Hypercolumn Neuron types of isocortex Projection neuron Large pyramidal neuron Giant pyramidal neuron Commissural neuron Medium-sized pyramidal neuron Association neuron Small pyramidal neuron Isocortical interneurons Excitatory interneuron Spiny stellate neuron Inhibitory interneuron Axodendritic cell Bipolar neuron Horizontal neuron Multitufted neuron Neurogliaform neuron Striate area Occipital line Eponym: Kaes. Replaced. TH terms added (H4.8.03.033/037). Eponyms: Gennari, Vicq d'Azyr. Pyramidal neuron See Footnote 107 Ibid. Eponyms: Betz (for BA4); Solitary cell of Meynert (for BA17). Spiny interneuron Smooth interneuron See Footnote 108. Eponym: Cajal-Retzius. Eponym: Martinotti. Spiderweb cell Neuron racemiforme bifasciculare Neura axosomatodendriticum Neuron corbiforme magnum Neuron corbiforme parvum Neuron axoaxonicum Neuron candelarium Complexus claustroinsularis Claustrum Claustrum dorsale Claustrum ventrale Insula Cortex insularis agranularis Neuron projectionis Neuron bipolare magnum Cortex insularis dysgranularis Cortex insularis granularis Allocortex Paleocortex Bulbus olfactorius Strata bulbi olfactorii Stratum neurofibrosum Stratum glomerulosum Glomerulus olfactorius Stratum plexiforme externum Stratum mitrale Stratum plexiforme internum Stratum granulare Typi neurales Neuron projectionis Neuron mitrale Neuron plumosum Neuron plumosum externum Neuron plumosum medium Neuron plumosum internum Interneura Interneuron excitatorium Neuron juxtaglomerulare Interneuron inhibitorium Neuron granulare superficiale Neuron granulare intermedium Neuron granulare profundum Neuron periglomerulare Cellulae dopaminergicae bulbi olfactorii Regio retrobulbaris Stratum moleculare Stratum densocellulare Stratum multiforme Tuberculum olfactorium Cortex piriformis Neuron biplumosum Nucleus endopiriformis Stratum fibrosum Neuron principale Double dendritic bouquet neuron Axo-somatodendritic cell Large basket neuron Small basket neuron Axo-axonic cell Chandelier neuron Claustro-insular complex Claustrum Dorsal claustrum Ventral claustrum Insula Agranular insular cortex Projection neuron Large bipolar neuron Dysgranular insular cortex Granular insular cortex Allocortex Paleocortex Olfactory bulb Layers of olfactory bulb Olfactory nerve layer Glomerular layer Olfactory glomerulus External plexiform layer Mitral cell layer Internal plexiform layer Granular cell layer Neuron types Projection neuron Mitral cell Tufted cell External tufted cell Middle tufted cell Internal tufted cell Interneurons Excitatory interneuron Juxtaglomerular cell Inhibitory interneuron Superficial granular cell Double dendritic bouquet neuron Axo-somatodendritic cell Large basket neuron Small basket neuron Axoaxonic cell Chandelier neuron Claustroinsular complex Claustrum Dorsal claustrum Ventral claustrum Insula Agranular insular cortex Projection neuron Large bipolar neuron Dysgranular insular cortex Granular insular cortex Allocortex Paleocortex Olfactory bulb Layers of olfactory bulb Olfactory nerve layer Glomerular layer Olfactory glomerulus External plexiform layer Mitral cell layer Internal plexiform layer Granular cell layer Neuron types Projection neuron Mitral cell Tufted cell External tufted cell Middle tufted cell Internal tufted cell Interneurons Excitatory interneuron Juxtaglomerular cell Inhibitory interneuron Superficial granular cell Intermediate granular cell Intermediate granular cell Deep granular cell Deep granular cell Periglomerular cell Cellulae dopaminergicae A16 Dopaminergic cells in olfactory bulb Retrobulbar region Molecular layer Dense cell layer Multiform layer Olfactory tubercle Piriform cortex Periglomerular cell Dopaminergic cells in olfactory bulb Retrobulbar region Molecular layer Dense cell layer Multiform layer Olfactory tubercle Piriform cortex Bitufted neuron Eponym: Cajal. See Footnote 109. See Footnote 110. Insular claustrum Endopiriform nucleus See Footnote 111. Ibid. Spindle cell Ibid.; eponym: von Economo (neuron). See Footnote 111. See Footnote 111. See Footnote 112. Granulare as official Latin (suggested by Morten Moeller, Copenhagen). Simplified version of TH terms used (H4.08.03.038/048). Principal neuron Short-axon cell See Footnote 113. Dopaminergic cell group A16 Replaced from Aggrg. cellularum chemergicarum. See Footnote 90. BA51 See Footnote 114. See Footnote 115. Stratum moleculare Stratum densocellulare Stratum multiforme Regio periamygdaloidea Stratum moleculare Stratum densocellulare Regio peripaleocorticalis claustralis Stratum moleculare Stratum densocellulare Stratum dissecans Stratum multiforme Archicortex Formatio hippocampi Hippocampus proprius Pes hippocampi Digitationes hippocampi Caput Corpus Cauda Dentes subiculi Regiones hippocampi proprii Cornu ammonis 1; CA1 Cornu ammonis 2; CA2 Cornu ammonis 3; CA3 Cornu ammonis 3h; CA3h Strata hippocampi Stratum moleculare et substratum lacunosum Stratum radiatum Stratum pyramidale Stratum oriens Typi neurales Neuron projectionis Neuron pyramidale Interneura hippocampi Interneuron inhibitorium Neuron corbiforme Neuron bistratificatum Neuron candelarium Substantia alba hippocampi Cornu ammonis Pars anterior Pars media Pars posterior Gyri subspleniales Strata cornus ammonis Neuron principale Tractus perforans Neurofibrae muscosa hippocampi proprii Collaterales axonales hippocampi proprii Collaterales axonales hilares Via endofolialis hippocampi Alveus hippocampi Fimbria hippocampi Fornix Crus fornicis Commissura hippocampi Psalterium Molecular layer Densocellular layer Multiform layer Periamygdaloid region Molecular layer Densocellular layer Claustral peripaleocortical region Molecular layer Densocellular layer Dissecting layer Multiform layer Archicortex Hippocampal formation Hippocampus proper Pes hippocampi Hippocampal digitations Head Body Tail Gyri of Andreas Retzius Hippocampal fields CA1 field CA2 field CA3 field CA3h field Layers of hippocampus Lacunar-molecular layer Molecular layer Densocellular layer Multiform layer Periamygdaloid region Molecular layer Densocellular layer Claustral peripaleocortical region Molecular layer Densocellular layer Dissecting layer Multiform layer Archicortex Hippocampal formation Hippocampus proper Pes hippocampi Hippocampal digitations Head Body Tail Gyri of Andreas Retzius Hippocampal fields CA1 field CA2 field CA3 field CA3h field Layers of hippocampus Lacunar-molecular layer Radiate layer Pyramidal layer Oriens layer Neuron types Projection neuron Pyramidal neuron Hippocampal interneurons Inhibitory interneuron Basket neuron Bistratified neuron Chandelier neuron Fibre connections of hippocampus Perforant path Mossy fibres Radiate layer Pyramidal layer Oriens layer Neuron types Projection neuron Pyramidal neuron Hippocampal interneurons Inhibitory interneuron Basket neuron Bistratified neuron Chandelier neuron Fiber connections of hippocampus Perforant path Mossy fibers Axon collaterals of hippocampus proper Hilar Schaffer collaterals (from CA3h) Alveus Fimbria Fornix Crus of fornix Hippocampal commissure Axon collaterals of hippocampus Schaffer collaterals proper Hilar Schaffer collaterals (from Endfolial pathway CA3h) Alveus Fimbria Fornix Crus of fornix Hippocampal commissure Psalterium See Footnote 116. BA16 Peripaleocortical claustral region with four-layered cortex (Stephan 1975). Here, Hippocampal formation is more appropriate than Hippocampus (proper) Ammon's horn Pes of hippocampus Anterior segment Middle segment Posterior segment Subsplenial gyri Layers of Ammon's horn The terms 'Head', 'Body' and 'Tail' are descriptive terms for the main parts of the Hippocampus. See Footnote 100; eponym: A.Retzius. See Footnote 117. Related term: CA4. Layers are placed in correct sequence. Principal neuron See Footnote 118. Axo-axonic cell; Axoaxonic cell Arranged as afferent and efferent projections. Eponym: Schaffer. See Footnote 119. See Footnote 120; related term: Commissura fornicis. Corpus fornicis Columna fornicis Fibrae precommissurales Fibrae postcommissurales Gyrus dentatus Fasciola cinerea Strata gyri dentati Stratum moleculare Stratum granulare Stratum multiforme Typi neurales Neuron projectionis Neuron granulare Interneura gyri dentati Interneuron excitatorium Neuron muscosum Interneuron inhibitorium Neuron corbiforme pyramidale Neuron candelarium Subiculum Stratum moleculare Stratum pyramidale Stratum multiforme Periarchicortex Presubiculum Stratum moleculare Stratum principale externum Stratum principale internum Parasubiculum Stratum moleculare Stratum cellulare Cortex entorhinalis Subcampi Strata Lamina 1 Stratum principale externum Lamina 2 Lamina 3 Lamina 4 Lamina 5 Sublamina 5a Sublamina 5b Sublamina 5c Tractus perforans Cortex perirhinalis Subregio transentorhinalis Cortex retrosplenialis Cortex ectosplenialis Cortex retrosplenialis granularis Cortex retrosplenialis dysgranularis Cortex cingularis Neuron principale Neuron stellatum Neuron axoaxonicum Stratum moleculare Stratum stellare Stratum pyramidale Lamina dissecans Stratum principale internum Stratum magnocellulare Stratum parvocellulare Stratum multiforme Body of fornix Column of fornix Precommissural fornix Postcommissural fornix Dentate gyrus Fasciola cinerea Layers of dentate gyrus Molecular layer Granular layer Multiform layer Neuron types Projection neuron Granule cell Interneurons of gyrus dentatus Excitatory interneuron Mossy cell Inhibitory interneuron Pyramidal basket cell Body of fornix Column of fornix Precommissural fornix Postcommissural fornix Dentate gyrus Fasciola cinerea Layers of dentate gyrus Molecular layer Granular layer Multiform layer Neuron types Projection neuron Granule cell Interneurons of gyrus dentatus Excitatory interneuron Mossy cell Inhibitory interneuron Pyramidal basket cell Chandelier cell Subiculum Molecular layer Pyramidal layer Multiform layer Periarchicortex Presubiculum Molecular layer External principal layer Internal principal layer Parasubiculum Molecular layer Cellular layer Entorhinal cortex Subfields Layers Layer 1 External principal layer Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 4 Layer 5 Sublayer 5a Sublayer 5b Sublayer 5c Perforating tract Perirhinal cortex Transentorhinal subregion Retrosplenial cortex Ectosplenial cortex Granular retrosplenial cortex Dysgranular retrosplenial cortex Chandelier cell Subiculum Molecular layer Pyramidal layer Multiform layer Periarchicortex Presubiculum Molecular layer External principal layer Internal principal layer Parasubiculum Molecular layer Cellular layer Entorhinal cortex Subfields Layers Layer 1 External principal layer Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 4 Layer 5 Sublayer 5a Sublayer 5b Sublayer 5c Perforating tract Perirhinal cortex Transentorhinal subregion Retrosplenial cortex Ectosplenial cortex Granular retrosplenial cortex Dysgranular retrosplenial cortex Cingulate cortex Cingulate cortex See Footnote 100. Principal neuron Stellate cell Axo-axonic cell; Axoaxonic cell TH subdivision = TA. See Footnote 121. BA28, 34 See Footnote 122. Ibid. Molecular layer Cell island layer Pyramidal layer Dissecting layer Internal principal layer Magnocellular layer Parvocellular layer Multiform layer Ibid. Ibid. BA35 See Footnote 123. Ibid. See Footnote 124. BA26 BA29 BA30 See Footnote 125. Substantia alba hemispherii cerebri Centrum semiovale Capsula extrema Capsula externa Corona radiata Capsula interna Crus anterius Radiatio thalami anterior Tractus frontopontinus Genu capsulae internae Fibrae corticonucleares Crus posterius Radiatio thalami centralis Fibrae corticoreticulares Fibrae corticorubrales Fibrae corticospinales Fibrae corticothalamicae Fibrae parietopontinae Fibrae thalamoparietales Pars retrolentiformis Fibrae occipitopontinae Fibrae occipitotectales Radiatio optica Fibrae geniculo-calcarinae White matter of cerebral hemisphere Semi-oval center Extreme capsule External capsule Corona radiata Internal capsule Anterior limb Anterior thalamic radiation Frontopontine tract Genu of internal capsule Corticonuclear fibres Posterior limb Central thalamic radiation Corticoreticular fibres Corticorubral fibres Corticospinal fibres Corticothalamic fibres Parietopontine fibres Thalamoparietal fibres Retrolentiform limb Occipitopontine fibres Occipitotectal fibres Optic radiation White matter of cerebral hemisphere Semioval center Extreme capsule External capsule Corona radiata Internal capsule Anterior limb Anterior thalamic radiation Frontopontine tract Genu of internal capsule Corticonuclear fibers Posterior limb Central thalamic radiation Corticoreticular fibers Corticorubral fibers Corticospinal fibers Corticothalamic fibers Parietopontine fibers Thalamoparietal fibers Retrolentiform limb Occipitopontine fibers Occipitotectal fibers Optic radiation Crus sublentiforme Fibrae geniculo-temporales Posterior thalamic radiation Sublentiform limb Acoustic radiation Posterior thalamic radiation Sublentiform limb Acoustic radiation Fibrae corticotectales Radiatio optica Fibrae temporopontinae Fibrae corticothalamicae Fibrae associationis telencephali Fibrae associationis breves Fibrae U-figuratae Fibrae associationis longae Fasciculus arcuatus Segmentum anterius Segmentum longum Segmentum posterius Cingulum Capsula extrema Fasciculus longitudinalis inferior Corticotectal fibres Optic radiation Temporopontine fibres Corticothalamic fibres Association fibres of telencephalon Short association fibres Long association fibres fibres Arcuate fasciculus Anterior segment Long segment Posterior segment Cingulum Extreme capsule Inferior longitudinal fasciculus Corticotectal fibers Optic radiation Temporopontine fibers Corticothalamic fibers Association fibers of telencephalon Short association fibers Long association fibres fibers Arcuate fasciculus Anterior segment Long segment Posterior segment Cingulum Extreme capsule Inferior longitudinal fasciculus Fasciculus longitudinalis superior Superior longitudinal fasciculus Superior longitudinal fasciculus Pedunculus temporalis Fasciculus uncinatus Fasciculus occipitofrontalis inferior Fasciculus occipitofrontalis superior Fasciculus subcallosus Temporal peduncle Uncinate fasciculus Inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus Superior occipitofrontal fasciculus Subcallosal fasciculus Radiatio thalami posterior Pars sublentiformis Radiatio acustica Crus retrolentiforme Temporal peduncle Uncinate fasciculus Inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus Superior occipitofrontal fasciculus Subcallosal fasciculus White substance of cerebral hemisphere The White matter of the Cerebral hemisphere has been combined. See Footnote 126. Pars capsulae internae Ibid. Ibid. Retrolenticular limb Geniculocalcarine fibres; Geniculocalcarine fibers Sublenticular limb Geniculotemporal fibres; Geniculotemporal fibers Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. See Footnote 127. Pars capsulae internae Ibid. Ibid; eponym: Gratiolet. Ibid; in TA: Radiatio thalamica posterior; corrected. See Footnote 127. Pars capsulae internae Ibid. Ibid.; eponym: Gratiolet. Pars capsulae internae Ibid. Listed according to their distribution from short to long. U-fibres; U-fibers Related term: Fibrae arcuatae cerebri. See Footnote 128. This group may be further subdivided into Intralobar and Interlobar long association fibres. See Footnote 129. See Footnote 130. See Footnote 131. Temporal stem The Fasciculus subcallosus is replaced; it forms a separate tract. Eponym: (Bundle of) Muratoff; see Footnote 132. Fasciculus frontalis obliquus Fasciculus frontalis orbitopolaris Frontal aslant tract Frontal orbitopolar fasciculus Frontal aslant tract Frontal orbitopolar fasciculus Fasciculus frontomarginalis Frontomarginal tract Frontomarginal tract Fasciculi occipitales verticales Fibrae laterales Fibrae caudales Fasciculi occipitales horizontales Vertical occipital fasciculi Lateral fibres Caudal fibres Transverse occipital fasciculi Vertical occipital fasciculi Lateral fibers Caudal fibers Transverse occipital fasciculi Fibrae cuneatae Fibrae linguales Tractus commissurales telencephali Corpus callosum Fibrae corporis callosi Radiatio corporis callosi Forceps minor Forceps major Tapetum Commissura hippocampi Commissura anterior Pars anterior Pars posterior Tractus longi telencephali Tractus descendentes Fibrae corticostriatales Fibrae corticothalamicae Fibrae corticotectales Tractus pyramidalis Fibrae corticorubrales Fibrae corticoreticulares Fibrae corticonucleares Fibrae corticospinales Fibrae corticopontinae Tractus frontopontinus Fibrae parietopontinae Fibrae temporopontinae Fibrae occipitopontinae Subpallium Striatum Pallidum Area diagonalis Area preoptica Corpus amygdaloideum Nuclei basolaterales Nucleus basalis lateralis amygdalae Nucleus basalis medialis amygdalae Area transitionis amygdaloclaustralis Nucleus lateralis amygdalae Nuclei centromediales Cuneate fibres Lingual fibres Commissural tracts of telencephalon Corpus callosum Corpus callosum fibres Radiation of corpus callosum Forceps minor Forceps major Tapetum Hippocampal commissure Anterior commissure Anterior part Posterior part Long tracts of telencephalon Descending tracts Corticostriatal fibres Corticothalamic fibres Corticotectal fibres Pyramidal tract Corticorubral fibres Corticoreticular fibres Corticonuclear fibres Corticospinal fibres Corticopontine fibres Frontopontine tract Parietopontine fibres Temporopontine fibres Occipitopontine fibres Subpallium Striatum Pallidum Diagonal band area Preoptic area Amygdaloid body Basolateral nuclear group Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus Cuneate fibers Lingual fibers Commissural tracts of telencephalon Corpus callosum Corpus callosum fibers Radiation of corpus callosum Forceps minor Forceps major Tapetum Hippocampal commissure Anterior commissure Anterior part Posterior part Long tracts of telencephalon Descending tracts Corticostriatal fibers Corticothalamic fibers Corticotectal fibers Pyramidal tract Corticorubral fibers Corticoreticular fibers Corticonuclear fibers Corticospinal fibers Corticopontine fibers Frontopontine tract Parietopontine fibers Temporopontine fibers Occipitopontine fibers Subpallium Striatum Pallidum Diagonal band area Preoptic area Amygdaloid body Basolateral nuclear group Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus Tractus commissurales cerebri Forceps frontalis Forceps occipitalis Psalterium Tractus longi cerebri Complexus amygdaloideus Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus Amygdaloclaustral transition area Lateral amygdaloid nucleus Centromedial nuclear group Frontal oblique tract See Footnote 133. Connects Posterior orbitofrontal cortex with anterior polar region (Catani et al. 2012). This tract runs below the Frontomarginal sulcus and connects medial and lateral regions of the Frontopolar cortex (Catani et al. 2012). Commissural tracts of cerebrum Gross division of Corpus callosum is included in Section Morphologia externa. Frontal forceps Occipital forceps Psalterium Related term: Commissura fornicis Replaced. Replaced. Pars cerebralis Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. See Footnote 134. Amygdaloid complex See Footnote 135. Related term: Archistriatum. Following the suggestion by the Informatics WG, order ot terms in Amygdaloid nuclei changed. Related term: Nucleus amygdalae basalis lateralis. Related term: Nucleus amygdalae basalis medialis. Amygdaloclaustral transition area In the Latin term, 'transitionis' is added as in A14.1.09.404/405. Lateral amygdaloid nucleus Centromedial nuclear group Related term: Nucleus amygdalae lateralis. Nucleus centralis amygdalae Nucleus medialis amygdalae Nuclei intercalati amygdalae Area transitionis amygdalostriatalis Amygdala extenta Nucleus striae terminalis Divisio lateralis Divisio medialis Pars sublenticularis amygdalae Central amygdaloid nucleus Medial amygdaloid nucleus Intercalated amygdaloid nuclei Amygdalostriatal transition area Central amygdaloid nucleus Medial amygdaloid nucleus Intercalated amygdaloid nuclei Amygdalostriatal transition area Extended amygdala Bed nucleus of stria terminalis Lateral division Medial division Sublenticular extended amygdala Interstitial amygdaloid nucleus Extended amygdala Bed nucleus of stria terminalis Lateral division Medial division Sublenticular extended amygdala Amygdala olfactoria Area amygdaloidea anterior Nucleus corticalis anterior amygdalae Nucleus corticalis posterior amygdalae Nucleus corticalis ventralis amygdalae Nucleus lateralis tractus olfactorii Olfactory amygdala Anterior amygdaloid area Anterior cortical nucleus Olfactory amygdala Anterior amygdaloid area Anterior cortical nucleus Posterior cortical nucleus Posterior cortical nucleus Ventral cortical nucleus Ventral cortical nucleus Area transitionis amygdalohippocampalis Area transitionis amygdalopiriformis Cortex periamygdaloideus Amygdalohippocampal transition area Amygdalopiriform transition area Periamygdaloid cortex Amygdalohippocampal transition area Amygdalopiriform transition area Basal forebrain proper Basal forebrain proper Basal substance Basal nucleus Cholinergic cells of basal substance Cholinergic cells of medial septal nucleus Cholinergic cells of vertical limb of diagonal band Cholinergic cells of horizontal limb of diagonal band Basal substance Basal nucleus Cholinergic cells of basal substance Cholinergic cells of medial septal nucleus Cholinergic cells of vertical limb of diagonal band Cholinergic cells of horizontal limb of diagonal band Cholinergic cells of basal nucleus Bed nucleus of stria terminalis Sublenticular extended amygdala Diagonal band Horizontal limb Vertical limb Nucleus of diagonal band Innominate substance Cholinergic cells of basal Cholinergic cell group Ch4 nucleus Bed nucleus of stria terminalis Sublenticular extended amygdala Nucleus interstitialis amygdalae Nucleus interstitialis cruris commissurae anterioris See Footnote 136. Interstitial nucleus of posterior limb of anterior commissure Related term: Nucleus amygdalae interstitialis. See Footnote 137. In TA, only one Nucleus amygdalae corticalis is mentioned (A14.1.09.410) Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract Area transitionis amygdalopara-hippocampalis Pars basalis telencephali proprius Substantia basalis Nucleus basalis Cellulae cholinergicae substantiae basalis Cellulae cholinergicae nuclei septi medialis Cellulae cholinergicae striae diagonalis verticalis Cellulae cholinergicae striae diagonalis horizontalis Prosencephalon basale Cellulae cholinergicae nuclei basalis Nucleus striae terminalis Pars sublenticularis amygdalae Cellulae cholinergicae Ch4 Stria diagonalis Crus horizontale Crus verticale Nucleus striae diagonalis Substantia innominata Interstitial amygdaloid nucleus Related term: Nucleus amygdalae centralis. Related term: Nucleus amygdalae medialis. Not in TA (for description see de Olmos 2004). Not in TA (for description see de Olmos 2004). Cellulae cholinergicae Ch1 Cellulae cholinergicae Ch2 Cellulae cholinergicae Ch3 Periamygdaloid cortex Diagonal band Horizontal limb Vertical limb Nucleus of diagonal band Innominate substance Latin corrected: Parahippocampal amygdaloid transition used as synonym for part of the Periamygdaloid cortex (see below). Parahippocampal amygdaloid transition area See Footnote 138. Eponym: Meynert. Replaced from Aggregationes cellularum chemergicarum; terms simplified. Cholinergic cell group Ch1 Cholinegic cell group Ch2 Cholinergic cell group Ch3 Part of Extended amygdala. Ibid. Eponym: Broca. See Footnote 138; eponym: Reichert. Nuclei septales Nucleus septalis dorsalis Nucleus septalis lateralis Nucleus septalis medialis Nucleus septalis precommissuralis Nucleus septofimbrialis Nucleus triangularis septi Substantia alba Tractus longi Tractus descendentes Fasciculus peduncularis Ansa peduncularis Stria terminalis Fasciculus amygdalofugalis ventralis Fibrae amygdalotegmentales Nuclei basales Nucleus caudatus Caput Corpus Cauda Nucleus lentiformis Putamen Lamina medullaris lateralis Globus pallidus lateralis Lamina medullaris medialis Globus pallidus medialis Pars lateralis Lamina medullaris accessoria Pars medialis Striatum Striatum dorsale Nucleus caudatus Striosoma Matrix Pontes grisei caudatolenticulares Putamen Striatum ventrale Fundus striati Nucleus accumbens Pars centralis Pars tegens Tuberculum olfactorium Insulae olfactoriae Pallidum Pallium dorsale Pallium ventrale Typi neurales Striatum Septal nuclei Dorsal septal nucleus Lateral septal nucleus Medial septal nucleus Precommissural septal nucleus Septal nuclei Dorsal septal nucleus Lateral septal nucleus Medial septal nucleus Precommissural septal nucleus Replaced. Septofimbrial nucleus Triangular nucleus of septum White matter of basal forebrain Long tracts Descending tracts Fasciculus peduncularis Ansa peduncularis Stria terminalis Ventral amygdalofugal bundle Septofimbrial nucleus Triangular nucleus of septum White matter of basal forebrain White substance of basal forebrain Long tracts Descending tracts Fasciculus peduncularis Ansa peduncularis Peduncular loop Stria terminalis Ventral amygdalofugal bundle Pars basalis telencephali Pars basalis telencephali; not in TA, included. Corpus striatum Amygdalotegmental fibres Basal nuclei Amygdalotegmental fibers Basal nuclei Lamina medullaris externa Globus pallidus pars externa Lamina medullaris interna Globus pallidus pars interna Caudate nucleus Head Body Tail Lentiform nucleus Putamen Lateral medullary lamina Globus pallidus lateral segment Medial medullary lamina Globus pallidus medial segment Caudate nucleus Head Body Tail Lentiform nucleus Putamen Lateral medullary lamina Globus pallidus lateral segment Medial medullary lamina Globus pallidus medial segment Pontes grisei transcapsulares Lateral part Accessory medullary lamina Medial part Striatum Dorsal striatum Caudate nucleus Striosome Matrix Caudolenticular grey bridges Lateral part Accessory medullary lamina Medial part Striatum Dorsal striatum Caudate nucleus Striosome Matrix Caudolenticular gray bridges Putamen Ventral striatum Fundus striati Nucleus accumbens Central part Medial part Olfactory tubercle Olfactory islets Pallidum Dorsal pallidum Ventral pallidum Neuron types Striatum Putamen Ventral striatum Fundus striati Nucleus accumbens Central part Medial part Olfactory tubercle Olfactory islets Pallidum Dorsal pallidum Ventral pallidum Neuron types Striatum Regio nuclearis Regio tegens Insulae terminales Globus pallidus Corpus striatum Ibid. (see Hopkins DA 1975 Amygdalotegmental projections in the rat, cat and rhesus monkey. Neurosci Lett 1:263-270). The overall term Corpus striatum is added as synonym; it usually includes Nucleus caudatus and Nucleus lentiformis. Lenticular nucleus External medullary lamina Globus pallidus external segment Internal medullary lamina Globus pallidus internal segment Related term: Neoostriatum. See Footnote 139. Transcapsular grey bridges; Transcapsular gray bridges Replaced. The Latin synonym 'Corpus striatum ventrale' deleted; there is no term 'Corpus striatum dorsale'. See Footnote 140. Core region Shell region Terminal islands Eponym: Calleja. Globus pallidus Related term: Paleostriatum. See Footnote 141. Neuron projectionis Neuron spinosum magnitudinis mediae Interneura striatalia Interneuron excitatorium Interneuron cholinergicum striati Interneuron inhibitorium Interneuron GABAergicum striati Globus pallidus Neuron projectionis Neuron magnum Substantia alba Tractus striatales Capsula externa Fasciculus subcallosus Ansa lenticularis Fasciculus lenticularis Fasciculus subthalamicus Fasciculus thalamicus Connexus striatales Connexus afferentes Fibrae corticostriatales Fibrae thalamostriatales Fibrae nigrostriatales Connexus efferentes Fibrae striatopallidales Fibrae striatonigrales Connexus pallidales Connexus afferentes Fibrae striatopallidales Fibrae subthalamopallidales Connexus efferentes Fibrae pallidosubthalamicae Fibrae pallidothalamicae Fibrae pallidohabenulares Fibrae pallidonigrales Fibrae pallidotegmentales Ventriculus lateralis Cornu frontale Foramen interventriculare Pars centralis Taenia choroidea Fissura choroidea Plexus choroideus Trigonum collaterale Atrium Eminentia collateralis Glomus choroideum Bulbus cornus posterioris Calcar avis Cornu ocipitale Neuron principale Neuron aspinosum typi II Neuron aspinosum typi I Neuron principale Fibrae pallidofugales Cornu anterius Corpus Cornu posterius Projection neuron Medium-sized spiny neuron Projection neuron Medium-sized spiny neuron Striatal interneurons Excitatory interneuron Aspiny, type II, cholinergic interneuron Inhibitory interneuron Aspiny, type I, GABAergic interneuron Globus pallidus Projection neuron Large cell White matter of basal nuclei Striatal fibre tracts External capsule Subcallosal bundle Ansa lenticularis Lenticular fasciculus Subthalamic fasciculus Thalamic fasciculus Striatal connections Afferent connections Corticostriatal fibres Thalamostriatal fibres Nigrostriatal fibres Efferent connections Striatopallidal fibres Striatonigral fibres Pallidal connections Afferent connections Striatopallidal fibres Subthalamopallidal fibres Efferent connections Striatal interneurons Excitatory interneuron Aspiny, type II, cholinergic interneuron Inhibitory interneuron Aspiny, type I, GABAergic interneuron Globus pallidus Projection neuron Large cell White matter of basal nuclei Striatal fiber tracts External capsule Subcallosal bundle Ansa lenticularis Lenticular fasciculus Subthalamic fasciculus Thalamic fasciculus Striatal connections Afferent connections Corticostriatal fibers Thalamostriatal fibers Nigrostriatal fibers Efferent connections Striatopallidal fibers Striatonigral fibers Pallidal connections Afferent connections Striatopallidal fibers Subthalamopallidal fibers Efferent connections Pallidosubthalamic fibres Pallidothalamic fibres Pallidohabenular fibres Pallidonigral fibres Pallidotegmental fibres Lateral ventricle Frontal horn Interventricular foramen Central part Choroid line Choroid fissure Choroid plexus Collateral trigone Atrium Collateral eminence Choroid enlargement Bulb of occipital horn Calcarine spur Occipital horn Pallidosubthalamic fibers Pallidothalamic fibers Pallidohabenular fibers Pallidonigral fibers Pallidotegmental fibers Lateral ventricle Frontal horn Interventricular foramen Central part Choroid line Choroid fissure Choroid plexus Collateral trigone Atrium Collateral eminence Choroid enlargement Bulb of occipital horn Calcarine spur Occipital horn Principal neuron See Footnote 142. Ibid. Principal neuron White substance of basal nuclei The External capsule contains Corticostriatal fibres Ibid.; eponym: Bundle of Muratoff. Also known as 'Pencil bundles' of Wilson; eponym: Wilson. Also known as Edinger's 'Kammsystem' (Comb system); eponym: Edinger. Pallidofugal fibres; Pallidofugal fibers Anterior horn Eponym: Monro. Body Posterior horn Cornu temporale Aggregationes cellularum chemergicarum Cellulae aminergicae Cellulae noradrenergicae medullae oblongatae [A1, A2] Cornu inferius Temporal horn Temporal horn Inferior horn Chemically-defined cell groups Chemically-defined cell groups Aminergic cells Noradrenergic cells in medulla; Norepinephric cells in medulla [A1, A2] Noradrenergic cells in nucleus of lateral lemniscus; Norepinephric cells in nucleus of lateral lemniscus [A7] Noradrenergic cells in nucleus caeruleus; Norepinephric cells in nucleus caeruleus [A6] Noradrenergic cells in caudolateral pons; Norepinephric cells in caudolateral pons [A5] Aminergic cells in reticular formation; Retrobulbar nucleus [A8] Dopaminergic cells Noradrenergic cells; Norepinephric cells Aminergic cells in compact part of substantia nigra [A9] Aminergic cells Noradrenergic cells in medulla; Norepinephric cells in medulla [A1, A2] Noradrenergic cells in nucleus of lateral lemniscus; Norepinephric cells in nucleus of lateral lemniscus [A7] Noradrenergic cells in nucleus Noradrenergic cells in locus caeruleus; Norepinephric cells in coeruleus nucleus caeruleus [A6] Noradrenergic cells in caudolateral pons; Norepinephric cells in caudolateral pons [A5] Cellulae dopaminergicae areae hypothalamicae posterioris [A11] Dopaminergic cells Noradrenergic cells; Norepinephric cells Aminergic cells in ventral tegmental area [A10] Dopaminergic cells Noradrenergic cells; Norepinephric cells Dopaminergic cells in posterior hypothalamus [A11] Dopaminergic cells Noradrenergic cells; Norepinephric cells Aminergic cells in ventral tegmental area [A10] Dopaminergic cells Noradrenergic cells; Norepinephric cells Dopaminergic cells in posterior hypothalamus [A11] Cellulae dopaminergicae nuclei arcuati [A12] Cellulae dopaminergicae zonae incertae [A13] Cellulae dopaminergicae zonae medialis et areae anterioris hypothalamicae [A14] Cellulae dopaminergicae bulbi olfactorii [A15] Cellulae serotoninergicae nuclei raphes pallidi [B1] Cellulae serotoninergicae nuclei raphes obscuri [B2] Cellulae serotoninergicae nuclei raphes magni [B3] Dopaminergic cells in arcuate nucleus [A12] Dopaminergic cells in zona incerta [A13] Dopaminergic cells in medial zone and anterior area of hypothalamus [A14] Dopaminergic cells in olfactory bulb [A15] Serotoninergic cells in pallidal raphe nucleus [B1] Serotoninergic cells in obscurus raphe nucleus [B2] Serotoninergic cells in magnus raphe nucleus [B3] Dopaminergic cells in arcuate nucleus [A12] Dopaminergic cells in zona incerta [A13] Dopaminergic cells in medial zone and anterior area of hypothalamus [A14] Dopaminergic cells in olfactory bulb [A15] Serotoninergic cells in pallidal raphe nucleus [B1] Serotoninergic cells in obscurus raphe nucleus [B2] Serotoninergic cells in magnus raphe nucleus [B3] Cellulae noradrenergicae nuclei lemnisci laterlis [A7] Cellulae noradrenergicae nuclei caerulei [A6] Cellulae noradrenergicae pontis caudalis lateralis [A5] Cellulae aminergicae formationis reticularis; Nucleus retrobulbaris [A8] Cellulae dopaminergicae Cellulae noradrenergicae Cellulae aminergicae partis compactae substantiae nigrae [A9] Cellulae dopaminergicae Cellulae noradrenergicae Cellulae aminergicae areae tegmentalis ventralis [A10] Cellulae dopaminergicae Cellulae noradrenergicae Aminergic cells in reticular formation; Retrobulbar nucleus [A8] Dopaminergic cells Noradrenergic cells; Norepinephric cells Aminergic cells in compact part of substantia nigra [A9] Cellulae serotoninergicae vicinae nuclei vestibularis medialis et nuclei prepositi [B4] Cellulae serotoninergicae nuclei raphes pontis [B5] Cellulae serotoninergicae nuclei raphes mediani [B6] Cellulae serotoninergicae nuclei raphes posterioris [B7] Cellulae adrenergicae areae postremae et nuclei reticularis anterioris [C1, C2] Cellulae cholinergicae Cellulae cholinergicae nuclei septi medialis [Ch1] Cellulae cholinergicae globi pallidi, nuclei accumbentis et gyri diagonalis [Ch2] Cellulae cholinergicae globi pallidi, nuclei accumbentis et striae diagonalis [Ch3] Cellulae cholinergicae substantiae innominatae, nuclei basalis, corporis amygdaloidei et tuberculi olfactorii [Ch4] Cellulae cholinergicae areae tegmentalis dorsalis [Ch5, Ch6, Ch8] Cellulae cholinergicae epithalamicae [Ch7] Pars peripherica; Systema nervosum periphericum Nervi Nervus Epineurium Epineurium superficiale Epineurium profundum Perineurium Pars epithelioidea Pars fibrosa Fasciculus nervi Fasciculus neurofibrarum periphericarum Endoneurium Cellula implicans Neurofibrae periphericae Neurofibra myelinata peripherica Neurofibra nonmyelinata peripherica Neurofibra peripherica afferens Neurofibra peripherica efferens Serotoninergic cells adjacent to medial vestibular nucleus and prepositus nucleus [B4] Serotoninergic cells in pontine raphe nucleus [B5] Serotoninergic cells in median raphe nucleus [B6] Serotoninergic cells in dorsal raphe nucleus [B7] Adrenergic cells in area postrema and anterior reticular nucleus; Epinephric cells in area postrema and anterior reticular nucleus [C1, C2] Cholinergic cells Cholinergic cells of medial septal nuclei [Ch1] Cholinergic cells of globus pallidus, accumbens nucleus and diagonal gyrus [Ch2] Cholinergic cells of globus pallidus, accumbens nucleus and diagonal band [Ch3] Cholinergic cells of substantia innominata, basal nucleus, amygdaloid body and olfactory tubercle [Ch4] Cholinergic cells of dorsal tegmental area [Ch5, Ch6, Ch8] Serotoninergic cells adjacent to medial vestibular nucleus and prepositus nucleus [B4] Serotoninergic cells in pontine raphe nucleus [B5] Serotoninergic cells in median raphe nucleus [B6] Serotoninergic cells in dorsal raphe nucleus [B7] Adrenergic cells in area postrema and anterior reticular nucleus; Epinephric cells in area postrema and anterior reticular nucleus [C1, C2] Cholinergic cells Cholinergic cells of medial septal nuclei [Ch1] Cholinergic cells of globus pallidus, accumbens nucleus and diagonal gyrus [Ch2] Cholinergic cells of globus pallidus, accumbens nucleus and diagonal band [Ch3] Cholinergic cells of substantia innominata, basal nucleus, amygdaloid body and olfactory tubercle [Ch4] Cholinergic cells of dorsal tegmental area [Ch5, Ch6, Ch8] Cholinergic cells of epithalamus Cholinergic cells of epithalamus [Ch7] [Ch7] Peripheral nervous system Peripheral nervous system Nerves Nerve Epineurium Superficial epineurium Deep epineurium Perineurium Epithelioid part Fibrous part Nerve fascicle Nerves Nerve Epineurium Superficial epineurium Deep epineurium Perineurium Epithelioid part Fibrous part Nerve fascicle Endoneurium Ensheathing cell Peripheral nerve fibres Peripheral myelinated nerve fibre Peripheral nonmyelinated nerve fibre Afferent peripheral nerve fibre Efferent peripheral nerve fibre Endoneurium Ensheathing cell Peripheral nerve fibers Peripheral myelinated nerve fiber Peripheral nonmyelinated fiber Afferent peripheral nerve fiber Efferent peripheral nerve fiber Added as heading for Online version. Peripheral nerve fibre bundle; Peripheral nerve fiber bundle New term from TE Includes Schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells/glia in the olfactory nerves. Neurofibra somatica Neurofibra autonomica Neurofibra preganglionica Neurofibra postganglionica Radices nervorum Radix vervi cranialis Radix nervi spinalis Radicula Zonae transitionis radicum nervorum Zona transitionis radicis nervi cranialis Zona ingressionis radicis posterioris Taenia connexionis radiculae posterioris Zona transitionis radicis anterioris Nervus motorius Nervus sensorius Nervus mixtus Ramus cutaneus Ramus articularis Ramus muscularis Ramus autonomicus Nervus autonomicus Nervus cranialis Nervus spinalis Radiculae nervi spinalis Radicula anterior Radicula posterior Radices nervi spinalis Radix anterior Radix posterior Filum radicularium Somatic nerve fiber Autonomic nerve fiber Preganglionic nerve fiber Presynaptic nerve fiber Postganglionic nerve fiber Postsynaptic nerve fiber Nerve roots Cranial nerve root Spinal nerve root Rootlet Transitional zones of nerve roots CNS-PNS transitional zones. Cranial nerve root transitional Cranial nerve root transitional zone zone Posterior root entry zone Posterior root entry zone Zona ingressionis radicis dorsalis; Zona ingressionis radicis sensoriae Taenia connexionis radiculae Posterior rootlet attachment dorsalis; Taenia connexionis zone radicis sensoriae Zona transitionis radicis ventralis; Zona transitionis radicis motoriae Radicula ventralis; Radicula motoria Radicula dorsalis; Radicula sensoria Radix ventralis; Radix motoria Radix dorsalis; Radix sensoria Truncus nervi spinalis Rami nervi spinalis Ramus meningeus Ramus communicans Ramus anterior Ramus posterior Ganglia Ganglion Somatic nerve fibre Autonomic nerve fibre Preganglionic nerve fibre Postganglionic nerve fibre Nerve roots Cranial nerve root Spinal nerve root Rootlet Transitional zones of nerve roots Ramus ventralis Ramus dorsalis Anterior root transitional zone Motor nerve Sensory nerve Mixed nerve Cutaneous branch Articular branch Muscular branch Autonomic branch Autonomic nerve Cranial nerve Spinal nerve Rootlets of spinal nerve Anterior rootlet Posterior rootlet attachment zone Anterior root transitional zone Motor nerve Sensory nerve Mixed nerve Cutaneous branch Articular branch Muscular branch Autonomic branch Autonomic nerve Cranial nerve Spinal nerve Rootlets of spinal nerve Anterior rootlet Posterior rootlet Posterior rootlet Roots of spinal nerve Anterior root Roots of spinal nerve Anterior root Posterior root Posterior root Spinal nerve trunk Branches of spinal nerve Meningeal branch Spinal nerve trunk Branches of spinal nerve Meningeal branch Ramus communicans Anterior ramus Posterior ramus Ganglia Ganglion Ramus communicans Anterior ramus Posterior ramus Ganglia Ganglion Added from TE, Zona substituted for Locus; eponym: Obersteiner-Redlich. Dorsal root entry zone; Sensory root entry zone Related term: Locus ingressionis radicis posterioris (TE). Dorsal rootlet attachment zone; Sensory rootlet attachment zone Related term: Taenia conexa radiculae posterioris (TE). Ventral root transitional zone; Motor root transitional zone Related term: Locus transitionis radicis anterioris (TE). Ventral rootlet; Motor rootlet Dorsal rootlet; Sensory rootlet Ventral root; Motor root Dorsal root; Sensory root Trunk of spinal nerve Recurrent branch; Recurrent nerve of Luschka; Sinu-menigeal nerve; Sinumenigeal nerve Ventral ramus Dorsal ramus Merging of TH and TA Capsula ganglii Stroma ganglii Parenchyma ganglii Neuron ganglionare Gliocytus ganglionaris Ganglion craniospinale sensorium Neuron sensorium Neuron bipolare Neuron pseudounipolare Neuron periphericum Capsule of ganglion Stroma of ganglion Parenchyma of ganglion Ganglionic neuron Satellite cell Craniospinal sensory ganglion Sensory neuron Neuron bipolare periphericum Bipolar neuron Neuron pseudounipolare periphericum Neuron pseudounipolare Neuron pseudounipolare magnum periphericum magnum Neuron pseudounipolare parvum Neuron pseudounipolare periphericum parvum Ganglion sensorium nervi spinalis Ganglion sensorium nervi cranialis Ganglia autonomica Motoneuron autonomicum Neuron autonomicum ganglionare periphericum Motoneuron autonomicum Neuron autonomicum ganglionare multipolare periphericum multipolare Neuron parvum fluorescens Neuron parvum valde fluorescens Ganglion sympathicum Ganglion parasympathicum Ganglion viscerale Plexus nervosi Plexus neurales; Plexus nervorum Plexus nervorum spinalium Plexus autonomicus Plexus visceralis Plexus perivascularis Plexus vascularis Plexus periarterialis Terminationes effectoriae Synapsis neuromuscularis Junctio neuromuscularis Synapsis neuromuscularis fusi Junction neuromuscularis fusi muscularis muscularis Junctio neuroglandularis Terminatio neuroglandularis Receptores sensorii Receptor sensorius cutaneus Receptor sensorius muscularis Receptor sensorius articularis Receptor sensorius visceralis Receptores sensorii noncapsulati Terminatio neuralis libera Capsule of ganglion Stroma of ganglion Parenchyma of ganglion Ganglionic neuron Satellite cell Craniospinal sensory ganglion Satellite glial cell From TH Sensory neuron Bipolar neuron Pseudo-unipolar neuron Pseudounipolar neuron Large pseudo-unipolar neuron Large pseudounipolar neuron Small pseudo-unipolar neuron Small pseudounipolar neuron Spinal ganglion Spinal ganglion Cranial sensory ganglion Cranial sensory ganglion Autonomic ganglia Peripheral autonomic motor neuron Multipolar peripheral autonomic motor neuron Small intensely fluorescent cell Autonomic ganglia Peripheral autonomic motor neuron Multipolar peripheral autonomic motor neuron Small intensely fluorescent cell Sympathetic ganglion Parasympathetic ganglion Visceral ganglion Nerve plexuses Sympathetic ganglion Parasympathetic ganglion Visceral ganglion Nerve plexuses Spinal nerve plexus Autonomic plexus Visceral plexus Perivascular plexus Peri-arterial plexus Effector nerve endings Neuromuscular synapse Neuromuscular junction of muscle spindle Neuroglandular ending Sensory receptors Cutaneous sensory receptor Muscular sensory receptor Articular sensory receptor Visceral sensory receptor Unencapsulated sensory receptors Free nerve ending Spinal nerve plexus Autonomic plexus Visceral plexus Perivascular plexus Periarterial plexus Effector nerve endings Neuromuscular synapse Neuromuscular junction of muscle spindle Neuroglandular ending Sensory receptors Cutaneous sensory receptor Muscular sensory receptor Articular sensory receptor Visceral sensory receptor Unencapsulated sensory receptors Free nerve ending Dorsal root ganglion; Spinal sensory ganglion Peripheral autonomic motoneuron Multipolar peripheral autonomic motoneuron SIF cell The superfluous adverb 'valde' was deleted for simplification. The plexus surrounds both Arteries and Veins. Neuromuscular junction Related term: Motor end plate. Neuroglandular junction Nonencapsulated sensory receptors Unencapsulated and encapsulated receptors. Muscle spindles and other types. Free nerve endings and encapsulated receptors. Free nerve endings and encapsulated receptors. New entity. TH had nonencapsulated and encapsulated sensory corpuscles also listed under Terminatio neuralis libera. Free nerve endings are found in most connective and epithelial tissues. Terminatio folliculi pili Hair follicle ending Hair follicle ending Complexus epithelialis tactus Epithelial tactile complex Epithelial tactile complex Epitheliocytus tactilis Meniscus tactilis Corpuscula sensoria capsulata Sensory epithelial cell Sensory epithelial cell Merkel cell Tactile meniscus Tactile meniscus Merkel's tactile disc Encapsulated sensory corpuscles Encapsulated sensory corpuscles Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme Corpusculum ovoideum Bulbous corpuscle Bulbous corpuscle Tactile corpuscle Tactile corpuscle Schwannocytus cuneiformis Wedge-shaped Schwann cell Wedge-shaped Schwann cell Corpusculum lamellosum Lamellar corpuscle Lamellar corpuscle Capsula fibrosa Capsula perineuralis Schwannocytus capsularis Corpusculum tactile Fibrous capsule Perineural capsule Neurolemmocytus capsularis Outer Schwann cell Fibrous capsule Perineural capsule Outer Schwann cell Merkel cell-neurite complex Meissner's corpuscle Entity (and term) restored from TH. Hair follicles are innervated by a triad of receptor types: lanceolate, Ruffini and free nerve endings that compose the piloneural complex (Munger and Ide 1988 Arch Histol Cytol 51:1-34). In humans, microneuronographic studies by Vallbo et al. (1995 J Physiol, Lond 486:783-795) corroborate these findings. This term is from Integumentum commune of TH. Merkel cell-neurite complex added as English synonym. Cup-shaped expansion of nerve ending; Synonym Meniscus dendriticus deleted. Subdivided according to the organization of the Schwann-cell component of the capsules (see Chouchkov 1978 Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 54:1-63, and Darian-Smith 1984 The sense of touch. In Hb Physiol, The Nervous System III, pp 739-788; Amer Physiol Soc, Bethesda, MD). Receptors without a defined lamellation, found in dermis and joint capsules. Eponym: Ruffini. Receptors with asymmetrical Schwann-cell lamination, found in papillary dermis; eponym: Meissner. In mucocutaneous junctional areas (lips, external genitalia) known as Krause end bulbs (Chouchkov 1978 Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 54:1-63). In TE, the term Neurolemmocytus is not advocated anymore; here, as Related term Neurolemmocytus cuneiformis (Wedge-shaped neurolemmocyte). Use of eponym violates TA principle. Receptors with a highly-ordered symmetrical lamellation, found associated with skin and joint capsules. Eponyms: Pacini, Vater-Pacini. Outer lemmocyte Old term Bulbus externus modernized. Receptors with a highly-ordered symmetrical lamellation, found associated with skin and joint capsules. They are composed of an outer fluid-filled capsule (Schwannocytus capsularis or Outer Schwann cell) with 20-30 concentric cellular laminae, and around the neurite, a compact inner core (Schwannocytus lamellaris or Inner Schwann cell), surrounding the fibre (there are about 60 layers of concentrically packed lamellar cells). The neurite enters the Pacini corpuscle via the Spatium intermedium fissum (Cleft intermediate space). Related term: Neurolemmocytus capsularis (Outer lemmocyte). Schwannocytus lamellaris Neurolemmocytus lamellaris Spatium intermedium fissum Neurofibra centralis Organum sensorium tendinis Fusus neuromuscularis Capsula Lamina interna Lamina externa Myofibra intrafusalis Myofibra sacculiformis Myofibra catenaformis Spatium periaxiale Terminatio neuralis anulospiralis Terminatio primaria Inner Schwann cell Cleft intermediate space Central nerve fibre Tendon organ Muscle spindle Capsule Inner layer Outer layer Intrafusal muscle fibre Nuclear bag fibre Nuclear chain fibre Peri-axial space Anulospiral ending Inner Schwann cell Cleft intermediate space Central nerve fiber Tendon organ Muscle spindle Capsule Inner layer Outer layer Intrafusal muscle fiber Nuclear bag fiber Nuclear chain fiber Periaxial space Anulospiral ending Inner lemmocyte Ibid. Related term: Neurolemmocytus lamellaris (Inner lemmocyte). Here the neurite enters the Pacini corpuscle; The TH 'bifissum' corrected to 'fissum'. New term; no need for Dendritus fusiformis and Spina radialis mediana. Golgi tendon organ. Also found in ligaments and joint capsules. Eponym: Golgi. This term belongs also in the Systema musculare. Primary ending Latin synonym Terminatio primaria added. Terminatio neuralis racemosa Nervi craniales Nervus terminalis Ganglion terminale Nervus olfactorius Fila olfactoria Flower spray ending Cranial nerves Terminal nerve Terminal ganglion Olfactory nerve Olfactory nerves Flower spray ending Cranial nerves Terminal nerve Terminal ganglion Olfactory nerve Olfactory nerves Secondary ending Ibid., Terminatio secundaria. Cranial nerve 0 In TA and TE as Nervus cranialis 0, although there is no suitable Latin equivalent of “0”. Olfactory fibre bundle Olfactory fiber bundle Filum olfactorium Terminatio secundaria Nervus cranialis 0 Nervus cranialis I Cranial nerve I Olfactory fibre bundles; Olfactory The Latin term is a synonym for Nervus olfactorius. fiber bundles New term. Nervus opticus Nervus oculomotorius Ramus superior Ramus inferior Ramus ganglionaris ciliaris Nervus cranialis II Nervus cranialis III Nervus trochlearis Nervus trigeminus Radices nervi trigemini Radix sensoria Ganglion trigeminale Optic nerve Oculomotor nerve Superior branch Inferior branch Radix parasympathica ganglii Branch to ciliary ganglion ciliaris Nervus cranialis IV Trochlear nerve Nervus cranialis V Trigeminal nerve Roots of trigeminal nerve Sensory root Trigeminal ganglion Radix motoria Nervus ophthalmicus Nervus cranialis V1 Motor root Ophthalmic nerve Tentorial branch Lacrimal nerve Tentorial branch Lacrimal nerve Ramus meningeus recurrens Rami palpebrales Rami glandulares Nervus frontalis Nervus supraorbitalis Ramus lateralis Ramus medialis Nervus supratrochlearis Nervus nasociliaris Ramus ganglionaris ciliaris Palpebral branches Glandular branches Frontal nerve Supra-orbital nerve Lateral branch Medial branch Supratrochlear nerve Nasociliary nerve Radix sensoria ganglii ciliaris Branch to ciliary ganglion Nervus cranialis V2 Ramus meningeus Rami ganglionares Radices sensoriae ganglii pterygopalatini pterygopalatini Nervus zygomaticus Ramus zygomaticotemporalis (Ramus communicans lacrimalis) (Ramus communicans nervi lacrimalis cum nervo zygomatico) Ramus zygomaticofacialis Nervi alveolares superiores Trochlear nerve Trigeminal nerve Roots of trigeminal nerve Sensory root Trigeminal ganglion Motor root Ophthalmic nerve Ramus tentorius Nervus lacrimalis Nervi ciliares longi (Nervus ethmoidalis posterior) Ramus meningeus anterior Nervus ethmoidalis anterior Rami nasales interna Rami nasales laterales Rami nasales mediales Ramus nasalis externus Ramus meningeus anterior Nervus infratrochlearis Rami palpebrales Nervus maxillaris Optic nerve Oculomotor nerve Superior branch Inferior branch Branch to ciliary ganglion Palpebral branches Glandular branches Frontal nerve Supraorbital nerve Lateral branch Medial branch Supratrochlear nerve Nasociliary nerve Branch to ciliary ganglion Long ciliary nerves (Posterior ethmoidal nerve) Anterior meningeal branch Anterior ethmoidal nerve Internal nasal branches Lateral nasal branches Medial nasal branches External nasal branch Anterior meningeal branch Infratrochlear nerve Palpebral branches Maxillary nerve Long ciliary nerves (Posterior ethmoidal nerve) Anterior meningeal branch Anterior ethmoidal nerve Internal nasal branches Lateral nasal branches Medial nasal branches External nasal branch Anterior meningeal branch Infratrochlear nerve Palpebral branches Maxillary nerve Meningeal branch Branches to pterygopalatine ganglion Zygomatic nerve Zygomaticotemporal branch (Communicating branch to the lacrimal gland) Meningeal branch Branches to pterygopalatine ganglion Zygomatic nerve Zygomaticotemporal branch (Communicating branch to the lacrimal gland) Zygomaticofacial branch Superior alveolar nerves Zygomaticofacial branch Superior alveolar nerves Cranial nerve II Cranial nerve III Parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion Cranial nerve IV Cranial nerve V Latin preposition (ad) removed. Related term: Radix oculomotoria ganglii ciliaris (Oculomotor root of ciliary ganglion). New term as heading for Roots Semilunar ganglion; Gasserian ganglion Cranial nerve V1; Ophthalmic division Recurrent meningeal branch. Related term: Nervus cranialis Va (Cranial nerve Va). Sensory root of ciliary ganglion Latin term altered to remove preposition (cum). Related term: Radix nasociliaris ganglii ciliaris (Nasociliary root of ciliary ganglion). TA incorrect (branches of N. nasociliaris, not of R. ganglionaris ciliaris). A small, inconstant nerve Branch, not nerve; eponym: Arnold. The Ramus communicans to the Nervus lacrimalis has been relocated following its source, the Nervus zygomaticotemporalis. Ramus translates to branch. Innervation of Anterior cranial fossa primarily by Anterior ethmoidal nerve. Cranial nerve V2; Maxillary division Related term: Nervus cranialis Vb (Cranial nerve Vb). Sensory roots of pterygopalatine ganglion The first Latin term was modified to avoid use of a preposition (ad). Correction of Ramus communicans nervi lacrimalis cum nervo zygomatico; This communication between zygomaticotemporal and lacrimal nerves only exists 30% of the time. Rami alveolares superiores posteriores Ramus alveolaris superior medius Rami alveolares superiores anteriores Rami nasales Plexus dentalis superior Rami dentales superiores Rami gingivales superiores Nervus infraorbitalis Rami palpebrales inferiores Rami nasales externi Rami nasales interni Rami labiales superiores Rami orbitales Rami nasales posteriores superiores laterales Rami nasales posteriores superiores mediales Nervus nasopalatinus Nervus pharyngeus Nervus palatinus major Rami nasales posteriores inferiores Nervus palatini minores Rami tonsillares Nervus mandibularis Ramus meningeus Posterior superior alveolar branches Middle superior alveolar branch Anterior superior alveolar branches Nasal branches Superior dental plexus Superior dental branches Superior gingival branches Infra-orbital nerve Inferior palpebral nerves External nasal branches Internal nasal branches Superior labial branches Orbital branches Posterior superior lateral nasal branches Posterior superior medial nasal branches Nasopalatine nerve Pharyngeal nerve Greater palatine nerve Posterior inferior nasal branches Anterior superior alveolar branches Nasal branches Superior dental plexus Superior dental branches Superior gingival branches Infraorbital nerve Inferior palpebral nerves External nasal branches Internal nasal branches Superior labial branches Orbital branches Posterior superior lateral nasal branches Posterior superior medial nasal branches Nasopalatine nerve Pharyngeal nerve Greater palatine nerve Posterior inferior nasal branches Nervus cranialis V3 Lesser palatine nerves Tonsillar branches Mandibular nerve Lesser palatine nerves Tonsillar branches Mandibular nerve Ramus spinosus Meningeal branch Meningeal branch Nerve to medial pterygoid muscle Branches to otic ganglion Nerve to medial pterygoid muscle Nervus pterygoideus medialis Rami ganglionares ad ganglion Radix sensoria ganglii otici oticum Nervus musculi tensoris veli palatini Nervus musculi tensoris tympani Divisio anterior Nervus massetericus Nervus temporales profundi Nervus pterygoideus lateralis Nervus buccalis Divisio posterior Nervus auriculotemporalis Nervus meatus acustici externi Rami membranae tympanicae Rami parotidei Rami auriculares anteriores Posterior superior alveolar branches Middle superior alveolar branch Branches to otic ganglion Anterior superior alveolar branch supplies a portion of lateral nasal wall in the inferior meatus. Scarpa's nerve Cranial nerve V3; Mandibular division Related term: Nervus cranialis Vc (Cranial nerve Vc). Latin synonym Nervus corrected to Ramus for consistency; English synonym (Ramus spinosus) deleted because it is identical to the Latin synonym. Sensory root of otic ganglion Nerve to tensor veli palatini Nerve to tensor veli palatini muscle muscle Nerve to tensor tympani muscle Nerve to tensor tympani muscle Anterior division Masseteric nerve Deep temporal nerves Nerve to lateral pterygoid muscle Buccal nerve Posterior division Auriculotemporal nerve Nerve to external acoustic meatus Branches to tympanic membrane Parotid branches Anterior auricular branches Anterior division Masseteric nerve Deep temporal nerves Nerve to lateral pterygoid muscle Buccal nerve Long buccal nerve Posterior division Auriculotemporal nerve Nerve to external acoustic meatus Branches to tympanic membrane Parotid branches Anterior auricular branches New term as heading for subdivision of V3. New term as heading for subdivision of V3. Tympani corrected to tympanicae. These are branches of auriculotemporal nerve Rami temporales superficiales Nervus lingualis Rami isthmi faucium Nervus sublingualis Rami linguales Ramus ganglionaris submandibularis posterior (Rami ganglionares sublinguales) Nervus alveolaris inferior Nervus mylohyoideus Plexus dentalis inferior Rami dentales inferiores Rami gingivales inferiores Nervus mentalis Rami mentales Rami labiales inferiores Rami gingivales inferiores Nervus abducens Nervus facialis Radices nervi facialis Radix motoria Nervus intermedius Ganglion geniculi Geniculum Rami intracraniales Nervus petrosus major Nervus canalis pterygoidei Nervus stapedius Chorda tympani Superficial temporal branches Lingual nerve Branches to isthmus of fauces Sublingual nerve Lingual branches Radix parasympathica ganglii Posterior branch to submandibularis submandibular ganglion (Radices ganglii sublinguales) (Branches to sublingual ganglion) Inferior alveolar nerve Nerve to mylohyoid muscle Inferior dental plexus Inferior dental branches Inferior gingival branches Mental nerve Mental branches Inferior labial branches Inferior gingival branches Nervus cranialis VI Abducens nerve Nervus cranialis VII Facial nerve Roots of facial nerve Motor root Intermediate nerve Geniculate ganglion Genu Geniculum Intracranial branches Radix parasympathica ganglii Greater petrosal nerve pterygopalatini Nerve of pterygoid canal Nerve to stapedius muscle Chorda tympani Superficial temporal branches Lingual nerve Branches to isthmus of fauces Sublingual nerve Lingual branches Posterior branch to submandibular ganglion (Branches to sublingual ganglion) Inferior alveolar nerve Nerve to mylohyoid muscle Inferior dental plexus Inferior dental branches Inferior gingival branches Mental nerve Mental branches Inferior labial branches Inferior gingival branches Abducens nerve Facial nerve Roots of facial nerve Motor root Intermediate nerve Geniculate ganglion Geniculum Intracranial branches Greater petrosal nerve Nerve of pterygoid canal Nerve to stapedius muscle Chorda tympani Nervus facialis proprius Facial nerve proper Facial nerve proper Nervus auricularis posterior Ramus occipitalis Ramus auricularis Ramus digastricus Ramus stylohyoideus Plexus intraparotideus Divisio superior Rami temporales Rami zygomatici Divisio inferior Rami buccales (Ramus lingualis) Ramus marginalis mandibularis Ramus cervicalis Posterior auricular nerve Occipital branch Auricular branch Digastric branch Stylohyoid branch Parotid plexus Superior division Temporal branches Zygomatic branches Inferior division Buccal branches (Lingual branch) Marginal mandibular branch Cervical branch Posterior auricular nerve Occipital branch Auricular branch Digastric branch Stylohyoid branch Parotid plexus Superior division Temporal branches Zygomatic branches Inferior division Buccal branches (Lingual branch) Marginal mandibular branch Cervical branch Divisio temporofacialis Divisio cervicofacialis Ramus colli Parasympathetic root of submandibular ganglion (Roots of sublingual ganglion) Related term: Radix sensoria ganglii submandibularis. These branches are both the sensory and parasympathetic roots of this variant ganglion. Muscle added to English term for consistency. Cranial nerve VI Cranial nerve VII Deleted are Rami communicantes to N. glosso-pharyngeus, Nervus vagus and Plexus tympanicus. New term as heading for roots. New term. Nerve of Wrisberg Genu GCA WG suggested to add Genu. Parasympathetic root of pterygopalatine ganglion Vidian nerve Related term: Radix intermedia ganglii pterygopalatini. Eponym: Vidius. Muscle added to English term for consistency. Chorda tympani is the parasympathetic root of the submandibular ganglion, but the latter is its function, not its name. New term for the peripheral part of VII. Alternatively, the various parts of the Facial nerve may be mentioned (Pars meatica, Pars labyrinthica, Pars tympanica, Pars pyramidalis. Pars mastoidea, Pars extracranialis) as suggested by Ronald Bleys, Utrecht; see Lang J 1992 Klinische Anatomie des Ohres. Springer, Vienna-New York). The Nervus facialis proprius would become: Nervus facialis, Pars extracranialis. Temporofacial division In TA, PNA Latin term corrected to Plexus intraparotideus, but not in English. New terms for the division into end branches. Cervicofacial division Ibid. Cruveilhier's nerve Official term:Ramus cervicalis (Roberto Fadda, Ferrara). Nervus vestibulocochlearis Nervus cranialis VIII Nervus vestibularis Ganglion vestibulare Ramus communicans cochlearis Ramus communicans vestibulocochlearis Pars superior Nervus utriculoampullaris Vestibulocochlear nerve Vestibular nerve Vestibular ganglion Cochlear communicating branch Nervus utricularis Nervus ampullaris anterior Nervus ampullaris lateralis Pars inferior Nervus ampullaris posterior Nervus saccularis Nervus cochlearis Ganglion cochleare Nervus glossopharyngeus Ganglion superius Ganglion inferius Nervus tympanicus Utricular nerve Anterior ampullary nerve Lateral ampullary nerve Inferior part Posterior ampullary nerve Saccular nerve Cochlear nerve Cochlear ganglion Glossopharyngeal nerve Superior ganglion Inferior ganglion Tympanic nerve Plexus tympanicus Ramus tubarius Nervus petrosus minor Nervus sinus carotici Ganglion spirale cochleare Nervus cranialis IX Ganglion petrosum Superior part Tympanic plexus Tubal branch Radix parasympathica ganglii Lesser petrosal nerve otici Carotid sinus nerve Nervus caroticotympanici Ramus communicans cum ramo auriculare nervi vagi Ramus stylopharyngeus Rami pharyngei Rami tonsillares Rami linguales Ramus communicans cum ramo meningeo Ramus communicans cum nervo auriculotemporali Ramus communicans cum chorda tympani Nervus vagus Nervus cranialis X Ganglion superius Ganglion jugulare Ramus meningeus Ramus auricularis Ganglion inferius Ganglion nodosum Ramus pharyngeus Plexus pharyngeus Nervus laryngeus superior Ramus externus Ramus internus Rami cardiaci cervicales superiores Caroticotympanic nerves Communicating branch with auricular branch vagus nerve Stylopharyngeal branch Pharyngeal branches Tonsillar branches Lingual branches Communicating branch with meningeal branch Communicating branch with auriculotemporal nerve Communicating branch with chorda tympani Vagus nerve Superior ganglion Meningeal branch Auricular branch Inferior ganglion Pharyngeal branch Pharyngeal plexus Superior laryngeal nerve External branch Internal branch Superior cervical cardiac branches Vestibulocochlear nerve Cranial nerve VIII Vestibular nerve Vestibular ganglion Scarpa's ganglion Cochlear communicating branch Vestibulocochlear communicating branch. Superior part Utriculo-ampullary nerve; Utriculoampullary nerve Utricular nerve Anterior ampullary nerve Lateral ampullary nerve Inferior part Posterior ampullary nerve Saccular nerve Cochlear nerve Cochlear ganglion Spiral ganglion. Glossopharyngeal nerve Cranial nerve IX Superior ganglion Ehrenritter's ganglion Inferior ganglion Petrosal ganglion Tympanic nerve Jacobson's nerve; Nerve of Andersch; Arnold's nerve Tympanic plexus Jacobson's plexus Tubal branch Lesser petrosal nerve Parasympathetic root of otic ganglion Carotid sinus nerve Hering's nerve Caroticotympanic nerves Communicating branch with auricular branch vagus nerve Stylopharyngeal branch Pharyngeal branches Tonsillar branches Lingual branches Communicating branch with meningeal branch Communicating branch with auriculotemporal nerve Communicating branch with chorda tympani Vagus nerve Superior ganglion Meningeal branch Auricular branch Inferior ganglion Pharyngeal branch Pharyngeal plexus Superior laryngeal nerve External branch Internal branch Superior cervical cardiac branches Related term: Nervus statoacusticus (Stato-acoustic nerve; Statoacoustic nerve). Related term: Anastomosis vestibulocochlearis (Vestibulocochlear anastomosis); eponym: Oort. The Nervus utriculoampullaris forms the Pars superior. Related term: Nervus vestibularis superior. Eponym: Corti. Deleted are Communicating branches to the Nervus vagus and the Ganglion oticum. Eponym: Andersch. Given its size, the term Nervus sinocaroticus (Carotid sinus nerve; see Toorop et al. 2009 J Vasc Surg 50:177-182) may be more appropriate (suggested by Ronald Bleys, Utrecht). Nerve to stylopharyngeal muscle Latin term simplified. Cranial nerve X Jugular ganglion Deleted: Ramus communicans to Nervus glossopharyngeus. Arnold's nerve; Alderman's nerve Nodose ganglion Head (The alderman's nerve revisited. The Practitioner 230: 212+215, 1986) External laryngeal nerve Internal laryngeal nerve Rami cardiaci cervicales inferiores Nervus laryngeus recurrens Rami tracheales Rami oesophage Rami pharyngei Rami laryngei Rami cardiaci thoracici Rami bronchiales Plexus pulmonalis Plexus oesophageus Nervus accessorius Inferior cervical cardiac branches Recurrent laryngeal nerve Tracheal branches Oesophageal branches Pharyngeal branches Laryngeal branches Thoracic cardiac branches Bronchial branches Pulmonary plexus Oesophageal plexus Accessory nerve Inferior cervical cardiac branches Radices nervi accessorii Radix cranialis Roots of accessory nerve Cranial root Roots of accessory nerve Cranial root Radix spinalis Truncus nervi accessorii Ramus internus Spinal root Trunk of accessory nerve Ramus communicans vagalis Internal branch Spinal root Trunk of accessory nerve Internal branch Ramus externus Rami musculares Ramus trapezius Ramus sternocleidomastoideus Nervus hypoglossus Ramus thyrohyoideus Ramus geniohyoideus Rami linguales Nervi spinales Radices nervorum spinalium Radices nervorum cervicalium Radices posteriores Nervus cranialis XI Nervus accessorius spinalis External branch Recurrent laryngeal nerve Tracheal branches Esophageal branches Pharyngeal branches Laryngeal branches Thoracic cardiac branches Bronchial branches Pulmonary plexus Esophageal plexus Accessory nerve External branch Muscular branches Muscular branches Trapezius branch Trapezius branch Sternocleidomastoid branch Sternocleidomastoid branch Nervus cranialis XII Hypoglossal nerve Thyrohyoid branch Geniohyoid branch Lingual branches Spinal nerves Roots of spinal nerves Roots of cervical nerves Posterior roots Radices dorsales; Radices sensoriae (Radix posterior nervi (Radix dorsalis nervi spinalis (Posterior root of spinal spinalis C1) C1) nerve C1) Ganglia spinalia Spinal ganglia (Ganglion spinale nervi (Spinal ganglion of spinal spinalis C1) nerve C1) Radices anteriores Radices ventrales; Radices Anterior roots motoriae Radices nervorum thoracicorum Roots of thoracic nerves Hypoglossal nerve Thyrohyoid branch Geniohyoid branch Lingual branches Spinal nerves Roots of spinal nerves Roots of cervical nerves Posterior roots (Posterior root of spinal nerve C1) Spinal ganglia (Spinal ganglion of spinal nerve C1) Anterior roots Roots of thoracic nerves New term. Cranial nerve XI Although it was suggested that Cranial roots and Vagal communicating branches of the Nervus accessorius are uncommon (Lachman N, Acland RD, Rosse C 2002 Anatomical evidence for the absence of a morphologically distinct cranial root of the accessory nerve in man. Clin Anat 15:4-10; Ryan S, Blyth P, Duggan N, Wild M, Al-Ali S 2007 Is the cranial accessory nerve really a portion of the accessory nerve? Anat Sci Int 82:1-7), a recent microsurgical approach on 43 adult cadavers revealed that Cranial roots of the Accessory nerve exist in the majority of adult humans (Tubbs RS, Benninger B, Loukas M, Cohen Gadol AA 2014 Cranial roots of the accessory nerve exist in the majority of adult humans. Clin Anat 27:102-107).; eponym: Willis. Although it was suggested that cranial roots and vagal communicating branches are uncommon (Lachman et al., Clin Anat 15:4-10, 2002; Ryan et al. Anat Sci Int 82:1-7, 2007), a recent microsurgical approach on 43 adult cadavers revealed that Cranial roots of the Accessory nerve exist in the majority of adult humans (Tubbs et al. 2014 Clin Anat 27:102-107). Vagal communicating branch New synonym for the Internal branch. Spinal accessory nerve New synonym for that part of the Accessory nerve innervating the Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid. Branch to trapezius muscle Branch to sternocleidomastoid muscle Cranial nerve XII Branch to thyrohyoid muscle Branch to geniohyoid muscle This branch can be identified in the Lateral cervical triangle. Ibid. Moved from Ansa cervicalis. New term. There may be a better way to organize this section so as to avoid repetition. Dorsal roots; Sensory roots (Dorsal root of spinal nerve C1) Dorsal root ganglia (Dorsal root ganglion of spinal nerve C1) Ventral roots; Motor roots This Posterior root is frequently absent. This ganglion is frequently absent. Radices posteriores Ganglia spinalia Radices anteriores Cauda equina Radices nervorum lumbalium Radices posteriores Ganglia spinalia Radices anteriores Radices nervorum sacralium Radices posteriores Ganglia spinalia Radices anteriores Radices nervi coccygei Radix posterior Ganglion spinale Radix anterior NERVI CERVICALES [C1 – C8] Nervus cervicalis primus Nervus suboccipitalis; Ramus anterior Ramus communicans hypoglossus Nervus cervicalis secundus Ramus posterior Nervus occipitalis major Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus lateralis Ramus anterior Ramus ascendens Ramus descendens Nervus cervicalis tertius Ramus posterior Nervus occipitalis tertius Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus lateralis Ramus anterior Nervus cervicalis quartus Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus lateralis Ramus anterior Nervus cervicalis quintus Ramus posterior Radices dorsales; Radices sensoriae Radices ventrales; Radices motoriae Radices dorsales; Radices sensoriae Radices ventrales; Radices motoriae Radices dorsales; Radices sensoriae Radices ventrales; Radices motoriae Radix dorsalis; Radix sensoria Radix ventralis; Radix motoria Nervus spinalis C1 Ramus posterior; Ramus dorsalis Ramus ventralis Nervus spinalis C2 Ramus dorsalis Ramus medialis Ramus cutaneus dorsalis Ramus ventralis Nervus spinalis C3 Ramus dorsalis Ramus medialis Ramus cutaneus dorsalis Ramus ventralis Nervus spinalis C4 Ramus dorsalis Ramus cutaneus dorsalis Ramus ventralis Nervus spinalis C5 Ramus dorsalis Posterior roots Posterior roots Dorsal roots; Sensory roots Spinal ganglia Anterior roots Spinal ganglia Anterior roots Dorsal root ganglia Ventral roots; Motor roots Cauda equina Roots of lumbar nerves Posterior roots Spinal ganglia Anterior roots Roots of sacral nerves Posterior roots Spinal ganglia Anterior roots Roots of coccygeal nerve Posterior root Spinal ganglion Anterior root Cauda equina Roots of lumbar nerves Posterior roots Spinal ganglia Anterior roots Roots of sacral nerves Posterior roots Spinal ganglia Anterior roots Roots of coccygeal nerve Posterior root Spinal ganglion Anterior root CERVICAL NERVES [C1 – C8] First cervical nerve Suboccipital nerve CERVICAL NERVES [C1 – C8] First cervical nerve Suboccipital nerve Anterior ramus Communicating branch to hypoglossal nerve Second cervical nerve Posterior ramus Greater occipital nerve Posterior cutaneous branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Ascending branch Descending branch Third cervical nerve Posterior ramus Third occipital nerve Posterior cutaneous branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Fourth cervical nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Posterior cutaneous branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Fifth cervical nerve Posterior ramus Anterior ramus Communicating branch to hypoglossal nerve Second cervical nerve Posterior ramus Greater occipital nerve Posterior cutaneous branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Ascending branch Descending branch Third cervical nerve Posterior ramus Third occipital nerve Posterior cutaneous branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Fourth cervical nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Posterior cutaneous branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Fifth cervical nerve Posterior ramus Dorsal roots; Sensory roots Dorsal root ganglia Ventral roots; Motor roots Dorsal roots; Sensory roots Dorsal root ganglia Ventral roots; Motor roots Dorsal root; Sensory root Dorsal root ganglion Ventral root; Motor root Spinal nerve C1 Posterior ramus; Dorsal ramus Ventral ramus Spinal nerve C2 Dorsal ramus Medial branch; Arnold's nerve Dorsal cutaneous branch Ventral ramus Spinal nerve C3 Dorsal ramus Medial branch Dorsal cutaneous branch Ventral ramus Spinal nerve C4 Dorsal ramus Dorsal cutaneous branch Ventral ramus Spinal nerve C5 Dorsal ramus Eponym: Arnold. Ramus medialis (Ramus cutaneus posterior) Medial branch (Posterior cutaneous branch) Medial branch (Posterior cutaneous branch) Lateral branch Anterior ramus Superior root of superior trunk of brachial plexus Sixth cervical nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Inferior root of superior trunk of brachial plexus Seventh cervical nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Root of middle trunk of brachial plexus Eighth cervical nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Superior root of inferior trunk of brachial plexus Posterior cervical plexus Subtrapezial plexus Lateral branch Anterior ramus Superior root of superior trunk of brachial plexus Sixth cervical nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Inferior root of superior trunk of brachial plexus Seventh cervical nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Root of middle trunk of brachial plexus Eighth cervical nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Superior root of inferior trunk of brachial plexus Posterior cervical plexus Subtrapezial plexus Plexus cervicalis Rami profundi Ansa cervicalis Radix superior Cervical plexus Deep branches Ansa cervicalis Superior root Cervical plexus Deep branches Ansa cervicalis Superior root Radix inferior Rami infrahyoidei Rami musculares Nervus phrenicus Ramus pericardiacus Rami phrenicoabdominales Rami superficiales Nervus occipitalis minor Nervus auricularis magnus Ramus posterior Ramus dorsalis Ramus anterior Ramus ventralis Nervus transversus cervicalis Nervus transversus colli Rami superiores Rami inferiores Nervi supraclaviculares Nervi supraclaviculares mediales Inferior root Branches to infrahyoid muscles Muscular branches Phrenic nerve Pericardial branch Phrenico-abdominal branches Superficial branches Lesser occipital nerve Great auricular nerve Posterior branch Anterior branch Transverse cervical nerve Superior branches Inferior branches Supraclavicular nerves Medial supraclavicular nerves Inferior root Branches to infrahyoid muscles Muscular branches Phrenic nerve Pericardial branch Phrenicoabdominal branches Superficial branches Lesser occipital nerve Great auricular nerve Posterior branch Anterior branch Transverse cervical nerve Superior branches Inferior branches Supraclavicular nerves Medial supraclavicular nerves Ramus lateralis Ramus anterior Radix superior trunci superioris plexus brachialis Nervus cervicalis sextus Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Ramus anterior Radix inferior trunci superioris plexus brachialis Nervus cervicalis septimus Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Ramus anterior Radix trunci medii plexus brachialis Nervus cervicalis octavus Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Ramus anterior Radix superior trunci inferioris plexus brachialis Plexus cervicalis posterior Plexus subtrapezialis (Ramus cutaneus dorsalis) Ramus ventralis Nervus spinalis C6 Ramus dorsalis Ramus ventralis Nervus spinalis C7 Ramus dorsalis Ramus ventralis Nervus spinalis C8 Ramus dorsalis Ramus ventralis (Dorsal cutaneous branch) Ventral ramus Spinal nerve C6 Dorsal ramus Ventral ramus Spinal nerve C7 Dorsal ramus Ventral ramus Spinal nerve C8 Dorsal ramus Ventral ramus Cruveilhier's plexus Subtrapezial plexus is the union of fibers from accessory nerve and fibers from branches of ventral rami C3 and C4. Ansa hypoglossi Superior limb; Descendens hypoglossi Inferior limb New term New: includes branches to Prevertebral muscles, Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius. Internal respiratory nerve of Bell Dorsal branch Ventral branch N. transversus cervicalis as official term (Robeto Fadda, Ferrara). Nervi supraclaviculares intermedii Nervi supraclaviculares laterales Intermediate supraclavicular nerves Lateral supraclavicular nerves Intermediate supraclavicular nerves Lateral supraclavicular nerves Plexus brachialis Pars supraclavicularis Radices plexus brachialis Trunci plexus brachialis Truncus superior Divisio anterior Divisio posterior Truncus medius Divisio anterior Divisio posterior Truncus inferior Divisio anterior Divisio posterior Pars infraclavicularis Fasciculi plexus brachialis Fasciculus lateralis Fasciculus posterior Fasciculus medialis Rami supraclaviculares Rami musculares Nervus dorsalis scapulae Nervus thoracicus longus Brachial plexus Supraclavicular part Roots of brachial plexus Trunks of brachial plexus Superior trunk Anterior division Posterior division Middle trunk Anterior division Posterior division Inferior trunk Anterior division Posterior division Infraclavicular part Cords of brachial plexus Lateral cord Posterior cord Medial cord Supraclavicular branches Muscular branches Dorsal scapular nerve Long thoracic nerve Brachial plexus Supraclavicular part Roots of brachial plexus Trunks of brachial plexus Superior trunk Anterior division Posterior division Middle trunk Anterior division Posterior division Inferior trunk Anterior division Posterior division Infraclavicular part Cords of brachial plexus Lateral cord Posterior cord Medial cord Supraclavicular branches Muscular branches Dorsal scapular nerve Long thoracic nerve Nervus musculus subclavius Nervus suprascapularis (Nervus phrenici accessorii) Rami fasciculi lateralis Nervus pectoralis lateralis Nervus musculocutaneus Rami musculares Nervus cutaneus antebrachii lateralis Radix lateralis nervi mediani (Radix lateralis nervi ulnaris) Ansa pectoralis Nerve to subclavius muscle Suprascapular nerve (Accessory phrenic nerves) Branches of lateral cord Lateral pectoral nerve Musculocutaneous nerve Muscular branches Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve Lateral root of median nerve (Lateral root of ulnar nerve) Ansa pectoralis Nerve to subclavius muscle Suprascapular nerve (Accessory phrenic nerves) Branches of lateral cord Lateral pectoral nerve Musculocutaneous nerve Muscular branches Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve Lateral root of median nerve (Lateral root of ulnar nerve) Ansa pectoralis Rami fasciculi posterioris Nn. subscapulares Nervus subscapularis superior Nervus thoracodorsalis Nervus subscapularis inferior Nervus radialis Nervus cutaneus brachii posterior Nervus cutaneus brachii lateralis inferior Branches of posterior cord Subscapular nerves Upper subscapular nerve Nervus subscapularis medius Thoracodorsal nerve Nervus cutaneus brachii dorsalis Lower subscapular nerve Radial nerve Posterior brachial cutaneous nerve Inferior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve Branches of posterior cord Subscapular nerves Upper subscapular nerve Thoracodorsal nerve Lower subscapular nerve Radial nerve Posterior brachial cutaneous nerve Inferior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve Middle supraclavicular nerves Upper trunk Lower trunk To Scalenes and Longus colli External respiratory nerve of Bell; Bell's nerve Subclavian nerve New English equivalent suggested by GCA Working Group Usually from Anterior ramus C5 Lateral anterior thoracic nerve Casserio's nerve Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm Nervus cutaneus antebrachii lateralis translates to lateral antebrachial cutanenous nerve Lateral head of median nerve Lateral head of ulnar nerve Middle subscapular nerve Common variant The loop connecting the medial and lateral pectoral nerves, crossing anterior to the axillary artery, should be named either Ansa pectoralis or Ansa axillaris. The 3 subscapular nerves should be listed, as infraclavicular branches. New English synonym added by GCA WG. The 3 subscapular nerves should be listed, as infraclavicular branches. Dorsal brachial cutaneous nerve Related term: Posterior cutaneous nerve of arm. Related term: Inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm. Nervus cutaneus antebrachii posterior Rami musculares Ramus profundus Nervus interosseus antebrachii posterior Ramus superficialis Ramus communicans ulnaris Nervus cutaneus antebrachii dorsalis Posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve Muscular branches Deep branch Posterior antebrachial interosseous nerve Superficial branch Communicating branch with ulnar nerve Dorsal digital branches Axillary nerve Muscular branches Superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve Branches of medial cord Medial pectoral nerve Medial brachial cutaneous nerve Posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve Muscular branches Deep branch Posterior antebrachial interosseous nerve Superficial branch Communicating branch with ulnar nerve Dorsal digital branches Axillary nerve Muscular branches Superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve Branches of medial cord Medial pectoral nerve Medial brachial cutaneous nerve Nervus cutaneus antebrachii medialis Ramus anterior Ramus posterior Radix medialis nervi mediani Nervus ulnaris Rami musculares Ramus dorsalis Nervus digitales dorsales manus Ramus palmaris Ramus superficialis Nervus digitales palmares communes Nervus digitales palmares proprii Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve Anterior branch Posterior branch Medial root of median nerve Ulnar nerve Muscular branches Dorsal branch Dorsal digital nerves Palmar branch Superficial branch Common palmar digital nerves Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve Anterior branch Posterior branch Medial root of median nerve Ulnar nerve Muscular branches Dorsal branch Dorsal digital nerves Palmar branch Superficial branch Common palmar digital nerves Proper palmar digital nerves Proper palmar digital nerves Ramus profundus Nervus medianus Nervus interosseous antebrachii anterior Rami musculares Ramus palmaris (Ramus communicans ulnaris) Deep branch Median nerve Anterior antebrachial interosseous nerve Muscular branches Palmar branch (Communicating branch with ulnar nerve) Recurrent branch Deep branch Median nerve Anterior antebrachial interosseous nerve Muscular branches Palmar branch (Communicating branch with ulnar nerve) Recurrent branch Nervus digitales palmares communes Nervus digitales palmares proprii Common palmar digital nerves Common palmar digital nerves Thenar muscular branch; Motor branch Common volar digital nerves Proper palmar digital nerves Proper palmar digital nerves Proper volar digital nerves NERVI THORACICI [T1 – T12] Nervus thoracicus primus Ramus posterior Ramus medialis THORACIC NERVES [T1 – T12] First thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch THORACIC NERVES [T1 – T12] First thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Nervus digitales dorsales Nervus axillaris Rami musculares Nervus cutaneus brachii lateralis superior Rami fasciculi medialis Nervus pectoralis medialis Nervus cutaneus brachii medialis Ramus recurrens Ramus muscularis thenaris Nervus spinalis T1 Ramus dorsalis Dorsal antebrachial cutaneous nerve Related term: Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm.. Posterior interosseous nerve Antebrachial added; clinicians prefer Posterior interosseous nerve (PIN syndrome). Superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm Medial anterior thoracic nerve Medial cutaneous nerve of arm; Nerve of Wrisberg Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm Medial head of median nerve Volar branch Common volar digital nerves Proper volar digital nerves Anterior interosseous nerve Antebrachial added; clinicians use Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN syndrome). Volar branch Eponym: Martin-Gruber. Spinal nerve T1 Dorsal ramus New; suggested by GCA WG. Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus cutaneus dorsalis Ramus lateralis Ramus anterior Ramus ventralis Ramus communicans albus Radix inferior trunci inferioris plexus brachialis Nervus intercostalis primus Rami musculares Ramus collateralis Ramus cutaneus lateralis Posterior cutaneous branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus White ramus communicans Inferior root of inferior trunk of brachial plexus First intercostal nerve Muscular branches Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch Posterior cutaneous branch Dorsal cutaneous branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Ventral ramus White ramus communicans Inferior root of inferior trunk of brachial plexus First intercostal nerve Muscular branches Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch Ramus anterior Ramus posterior Ramus cutaneus anterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Nervus thoracicus secundus Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus lateralis Ramus anterior Anterior branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Second thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Posterior cutaneous branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Anterior branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Second thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Posterior cutaneous branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus White ramus communicans Muscular branches Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch White ramus communicans Muscular branches Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch; Intercostobrachial nerve Anterior branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Third thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Posterior cutaneous branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Anterior branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Third thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Posterior cutaneous branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Ramus communicans albus Rami musculares Ramus collateralis Ramus cutaneus lateralis White ramus communicans Muscular branches Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch White ramus communicans Muscular branches Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch (Nervus intercostobrachialis accessorius) Ramus anterior Ramus posterior (Accessory intercostobrachial nerve) Anterior branch Posterior branch (Accessory intercostobrachial nerve) Anterior branch Posterior branch Ramus communicans albus Rami musculares Ramus collateralis Ramus cutaneus lateralis Ramus anterior Ramus posterior Ramus cutaneus anterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Nervus thoracicus tertius Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus lateralis Ramus anterior Ramus cutaneus ventralis Nervus spinalis T2 Ramus dorsalis Ramus cutaneus dorsalis Ramus ventralis; Nervus intercostalis secundus Nervus intercostobrachialis Ramus cutaneus ventralis Nervus spinalis T3 Ramus dorsalis Ramus cutaneus dorsalis Ramus ventralis; Nervus intercostalis tertius Following GCA WG, pectoralis (pectoral) and abdominalis (abdominal) from the Lateral and Anterior cutaneous branches deleted; this is consistent with the Posterior cutaneous branch. Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Ventral cutaneous branch Anterior cutaneous brancesh of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Anterior cutaneous brancesh of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Spinal nerve T2 Dorsal ramus Dorsal cutaneous branch Ventral ramus; Second intercostal nerve Intercostobrachial nerve Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches; The proposal of the GCA Working Group to delete pectoralis (pectoral) and abdominalis (abdominal) from the Lateral and Anterior cutaneous branches has been followed; this is consistent with Posterior cutaneous branch. Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Ventral cutaneous branch Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Spinal nerve T3 Dorsal ramus Dorsal cutaneous branch Ventral ramus; Third intercostal nerve Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches; The proposal of the GCA Working Group to delete pectoralis (pectoral) and abdominalis (abdominal) from the Lateral and Anterior cutaneous branches has been followed; this is consistent with Posterior cutaneous branch. Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Ramus cutaneus anterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Nervus thoracicus quartus Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus lateralis Ramus anterior Ramus cutaneus ventralis Nervus spinalis T4 Ramus dorsalis Ramus cutaneus dorsalis Ramus ventralis; Nervus intercostalis quartus Ramus communicans albus Rami musculares Ramus collateralis Ramus cutaneus lateralis Ramus anterior Ramus posterior Ramus cutaneus anterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Nervus thoracicus quintus Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus lateralis Ramus anterior Ramus mammarii lateralis Ramus cutaneus ventralis Ramus mammarii medialis Nervus spinalis T5 Ramus dorsalis Ramus cutaneus dorsalis Ramus ventralis; Nervus intercostalis quintus Ramus communicans albus Rami musculares Ramus collateralis Ramus cutaneus lateralis Ramus anterior Ramus posterior Ramus cutaneus anterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Nervus thoracicus sextus Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus mammarii lateralis Ramus cutaneus ventralis Ramus mammarii medialis Nervus spinalis T6 Ramus dorsalis Ramus cutaneus dorsalis Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Fourth thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Posterior cutaneous branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Fourth thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Posterior cutaneous branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus White ramus communicans Muscular branches Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch White ramus communicans Muscular branches Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch Anterior branch Anterior branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Fifth thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Posterior cutaneous branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Fifth thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Posterior cutaneous branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus White ramus communicans Muscular branches Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch White ramus communicans Muscular branches Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch Anterior branch Anterior branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Sixth thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Posterior cutaneous branch Sixth thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Posterior cutaneous branch Ventral cutaneous branch Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Spinal nerve T4 Dorsal ramus Dorsal cutaneous branch Ventral ramus; Fourth intercostal nerve Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches; The proposal of the GCA Working Group to delete pectoralis (pectoral) and abdominalis (abdominal) from the Lateral and Anterior cutaneous branches has been followed; this is consistent with Posterior cutaneous branch. Lateral mammary branch Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches; the anterior branch of the lateral cutaneous branch of the 4th intercostal nerve is one of several lateral mammary branches that supply the skin of the breast laterally Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Ventral cutaneous branch Medial mammary branch Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches; the lateral branch of the anterior cutaneous branch of the 4th intercostal nerve is one of several medial mammary branches that supply the skin of the breast medially Spinal nerve T5 Dorsal ramus Dorsal cutaneous branch Ventral ramus; Fifth intercostal nerve Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches; The proposal of the GCA Working Group to delete pectoralis (pectoral) and abdominalis (abdominal) from the Lateral and Anterior cutaneous branches has been followed; this is consistent with Posterior cutaneous branch. Lateral mammary branch Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches; the anterior branch of the lateral cutaneous branch of the 4th intercostal nerve is one of several lateral mammary branches that supply the skin of the breast laterally Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Ventral cutaneous branch Medial mammary branch Spinal nerve T6 Dorsal ramus Dorsal cutaneous branch Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches; the lateral branch of the anterior cutaneous branch of the 4th intercostal nerve is one of several medial mammary branches that supply the skin of the breast medially Ramus lateralis Ramus anterior Lateral branch Anterior ramus Lateral branch Anterior ramus White ramus communicans Muscular branches Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch White ramus communicans Muscular branches Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch Anterior branch Anterior branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Seventh thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Anterior ramus Seventh thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Anterior ramus Ramus communicans albus Rami musculares Ramus collateralis Ramus cutaneus lateralis White ramus communicans Muscular branches Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch White ramus communicans Muscular branches Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch Ramus anterior Ramus posterior Ramus cutaneus anterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Nervus thoracicus octavus Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus anterior Anterior branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Eighth thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Anterior ramus Anterior branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Eighth thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Anterior ramus White ramus communicans Muscular branches Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch White ramus communicans Muscular branches Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch Ramus ventralis; Nervus intercostalis sextus Ramus communicans albus Rami musculares Ramus collateralis Ramus cutaneus lateralis Ramus anterior Ramus posterior Ramus cutaneus anterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Nervus thoracicus septimus Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus anterior Ramus communicans albus Rami musculares Ramus collateralis Ramus cutaneus lateralis Ramus mammarii lateralis Ramus cutaneus ventralis Ramus mammarii medialis Nervus spinalis T7 Ramus dorsalis Ramus cutaneus dorsalis Ramus ventralis; Nervus intercostalis septimus Ramus cutaneus ventralis Nervus spinalis T8 Ramus dorsalis Ramus cutaneus dorsalis Ramus ventralis; Nervus intercostalis octavus Ventral ramus; Sixth intercostal nerve Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches; The proposal of the GCA Working Group to delete pectoralis (pectoral) and abdominalis (abdominal) from the Lateral and Anterior cutaneous branches has been followed; this is consistent with Posterior cutaneous branch. Lateral mammary branch Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches; the anterior branch of the lateral cutaneous branch of the 4th intercostal nerve is one of several lateral mammary branches that supply the skin of the breast laterally Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Ventral cutaneous branch Medial mammary branch Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches; the lateral branch of the anterior cutaneous branch of the 4th intercostal nerve is one of several medial mammary branches that supply the skin of the breast medially Spinal nerve T7 Dorsal ramus Dorsal cutaneous branch Ventral ramus; Seventh intercostal nerve Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches; The proposal of the GCA Working Group to delete pectoralis (pectoral) and abdominalis (abdominal) from the Lateral and Anterior cutaneous branches has been followed; this is consistent with Posterior cutaneous branch. Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Ventral cutaneous branch Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Spinal nerve T8 Dorsal ramus Dorsal cutaneous branch Ventral ramus; Eighth intercostal nerve Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches; The proposal of the GCA Working Group to delete pectoralis (pectoral) and abdominalis (abdominal) from the Lateral and Anterior cutaneous branches has been followed; this is consistent with Posterior cutaneous branch. Ramus anterior Ramus posterior Ramus cutaneus anterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Nervus thoracicus nonus Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus anterior Anterior branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Ninth thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Anterior ramus Anterior branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Ninth thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Anterior ramus Ramus communicans albus Rami musculares Ramus collateralis Ramus cutaneus lateralis White ramus communicans Muscular branches Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch White ramus communicans Muscular branches Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch Ramus anterior Ramus posterior Ramus cutaneus anterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Nervus thoracicus decimus Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus anterior Anterior branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Tenth thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Anterior ramus Anterior branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Tenth thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Anterior ramus Ramus communicans albus Rami musculares Ramus collateralis Ramus cutaneus lateralis White ramus communicans Muscular branches Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch White ramus communicans Muscular branches Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch Ramus anterior Ramus posterior Ramus cutaneus anterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Nervus thoracicus undecimus Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus anterior Anterior branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Eleventh thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Anterior ramus Anterior branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Eleventh thoracic nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Anterior ramus White ramus communicans Muscular branches White ramus communicans Muscular branches Ramus communicans albus Rami musculares Ramus cutaneus ventralis Nervus spinalis T9 Ramus dorsalis Ramus cutaneus dorsalis Ramus ventralis; Nervus intercostalis nonus Ramus cutaneus ventralis Nervus spinalis T10 Ramus dorsalis Ramus cutaneus dorsalis Ramus ventralis; Nervus intercostalis decimus Ramus cutaneus ventralis Nervus spinalis T11 Ramus dorsalis Ramus cutaneus dorsalis Ramus ventralis; Nervus intercostalis undecimus Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Ventral cutaneous branch Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Spinal nerve T9 Dorsal ramus Dorsal cutaneous branch Ventral ramus; Ninth intercostal nerve Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches; The proposal of the GCA Working Group to delete pectoralis (pectoral) and abdominalis (abdominal) from the Lateral and Anterior cutaneous branches has been followed; this is consistent with Posterior cutaneous branch. Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Ventral cutaneous branch Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Spinal nerve T10 Dorsal ramus Dorsal cutaneous branch Ventral ramus; Tenth intercostal nerve Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches; The proposal of the GCA Working Group to delete pectoralis (pectoral) and abdominalis (abdominal) from the Lateral and Anterior cutaneous branches has been followed; this is consistent with Posterior cutaneous branch. Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Ventral cutaneous branch Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Spinal nerve T11 Dorsal ramus Dorsal cutaneous branch Ventral ramus; Eleventh intercostal nerve Ramus collateralis Ramus cutaneus lateralis Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch Collateral branch Lateral cutaneous branch Ramus anterior Ramus posterior Ramus cutaneus anterior Ramus cutaneus ventralis Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Nervus thoracicus duodecimus Nervus spinalis T12 Anterior branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Twelfth thoracic nerve Anterior branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Twelfth thoracic nerve Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus anterior Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Anterior ramus Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Anterior ramus White ramus communicans Muscular branches Collateral branch (Communicating branch to iliohypogastric nerve) Lateral cutaneous branch White ramus communicans Muscular branches Collateral branch (Communicating branch to iliohypogastric nerve) Lateral cutaneous branch Ramus communicans albus Rami musculares Ramus collateralis (Ramus communicans iliohypogastricus) Ramus cutaneus lateralis Ramus dorsalis Ramus cutaneus dorsalis Ramus ventralis; Nervus subcostalis (Ramus communicans descendens) Ramus anterior Ramus posterior Ramus cutaneus anterior Ramus cutaneus ventralis Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis NERVI LUMBALES [L1 – L5] Anterior branch Anterior branch Posterior branch Posterior branch Anterior cutaneous branch Anterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Medial branch Lateral branch Lateral branch LUMBAR NERVES [L1 – L5] LUMBAR NERVES [L1 – L5] Nervus lumbalis primus Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Ramus cutaneus posterior First lumbar nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch First lumbar nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Anterior ramus White ramus communicans Superior root of genitofemoral nerve Iliohypogastric nerve Lateral cutaneous branch Anterior cutaneous branch Ilio-inguinal nerve Anterior labial nerve ♀ Anterior scrotal nerve ♂ Second lumbar nerve Posterior ramus Anterior ramus White ramus communicans Superior root of genitofemoral nerve Iliohypogastric nerve Lateral cutaneous branch Anterior cutaneous branch Ilioinguinal nerve Anterior labial nerve ♀ Anterior scrotal nerve ♂ Second lumbar nerve Posterior ramus Ramus anterior Ramus communicans albus Radix superior nervi genitofemoralis Nervus iliohypogastricus Ramus cutaneus lateralis Ramus cutaneus anterior Nervus ilioinguinalis Nervus labialis anterior ♀ Nervus scrotalis anterior ♂ Nervus lumbalis secundus Ramus posterior Nervus spinalis L1 Ramus dorsalis Ramus cutaneus dorsalis; Nervus clunium superior Ramus ventralis Ramus cutaneus ventralis Ramus labialis anterior Ramus scrotalis anterior Nervus spinalis L2 Ramus dorsalis Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches; The proposal of the GCA Working Group to delete pectoralis (pectoral) and abdominalis (abdominal) from the Lateral and Anterior cutaneous branches has been followed; this is consistent with Posterior cutaneous branch. Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Ventral cutaneous branch Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Spinal nerve T12 Dorsal ramus Dorsal cutaneous branch Ventral ramus; Subcostal nerve (Descending communicating nerve) New term. Related terms: (Dorsolumbar nerve); (Branch to iliohypogastric nerve). Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches; The proposal of the GCA Working Group to delete pectoralis (pectoral) and abdominalis (abdominal) from the Lateral and Anterior cutaneous branches has been followed; this is consistent with Posterior cutaneous branch. Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have anterior and posterior branches Ventral cutaneous branch Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves have medial and lateral branches Spinal nerve L1 Dorsal ramus Dorsal cutaneous branch; Superior Nn. clunium sup. and R. cutaneus post. are the same Gluteal cutaneous branches. clunial nerve Ventral ramus Related term: Communicating branch to genitofemoral nerve. Following the suggestion by GCA WG, the term Nervus iliopubicus is deleted. Ventral cutaneous branch Anterior labial branch Spinal nerve L2 Dorsal ramus The anterior labial nerve is the anterior cutaneous branch of the ilioinguinal nerve. The anterior scrotal nerve is the anterior cutaneous branch of the ilioinguinal nerve. Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus anterior Ramus communicans albus Radix inferior nervi genitofemoralis Divisio posterior Divisio anterior Nervus lumbalis tertius Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus anterior Divisio posterior Divisio anterior Nervus lumbalis quartus Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Ramus anterior Divisio posterior Divisio anterior Ramus communicans lumbosacralis Nervus lumbalis quintus Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Ramus anterior Truncus lumbosacralis Divisio posterior Divisio anterior Plexus posterior NERVI SACRALES [S1 – S5] Nervus sacralis primus Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus anterior Divisio posterior Divisio anterior Nervus sacralis secundus Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Ramus cutaneus dorsalis; Nervus clunium superior Ramus ventralis Nervus spinalis L3 Ramus dorsalis Ramus cutaneus dorsalis; Nervus clunium superior Ramus ventralis Nervus spinalis L4 Ramus dorsalis Ramus ventralis Ramus communicans descendens Nervus spinalis quintus Ramus dorsalis Ramus ventralis Nervus spinalis S1 Ramus dorsalis Ramus cutaneus dorsalis; Nervus clunium medius Ramus ventralis Nervus spinalis S2 Ramus dorsalis Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Anterior ramus White ramus communicans Inferior root of genitofemoral nerve Posterior division Anterior division Third lumbar nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Anterior ramus White ramus communicans Inferior root of genitofemoral nerve Posterior division Anterior division Third lumbar nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Anterior ramu Posterior division Anterior division Fourth lumbar nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Posterior division Anterior division Lumbosacral communicating branch Fifth lumbar nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Lumbosacral trunk Posterior division Anterior division Posterior plexus SACRAL NERVES [S1 – S5] First sacral nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Anterior ramus Posterior division Anterior division Fourth lumbar nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Posterior division Anterior division Lumbosacral communicating branch Fifth lumbar nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Lumbosacral trunk Posterior division Anterior division Posterior plexus SACRAL NERVES [S1 – S5] First sacral nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Anterior ramus Posterior division Anterior division Second sacral nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Anterior ramus Posterior division Anterior division Second sacral nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Dorsal cutaneous branch; Superior clunial nerve Ventral ramus Part of lumbar plexus. Part of lumbar plexus. Spinal nerve L3 Dorsal ramus Dorsal cutaneous branch; Superior clunial nerve Ventral ramus Part of lumbar plexus. Part of lumbar plexus. Spinal nerve L4 Dorsal ramus Ventral ramus Descending communicating branches Spinal nerve L5 Dorsal ramus Related term: Nervus furcalis. Part of lumbar plexus. Part of lumbar plexus. New term. Related term: Branch to lumbosacral trunk. Ventral ramus Part of sacral plexus. Part of sacral plexus. Spinal nerve S1 Dorsal ramus Dorsal cutaneous branch; Middle clunial nerve Ventral ramus Nervi clunium medii and Ramus cutaneus posterior refer to the same gluteal cutaneous branches. Part of sacral plexus. Part of sacral plexus. Spinal nerve S2 Dorsal ramus Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus anterior Nervus splanchnicus pelvicus superior Divisio posterior Divisio anterior Nervus sacralis tertius Ramus posterior Ramus medialis Ramus lateralis Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus anterior Nervus splanchnicus pelvicus medius Divisio posterior Divisio anterior Nervus sacralis quartus Ramus posterior Ramus anterior Nervus splanchnicus pelvicus inferior Ramus superior Ramus inferior Nervus sacralis quintus Ramus posterior Ramus anterior Nervus coccygeus Ramus posterior Ramus anterior Plexus lumbosacralis Plexus lumbalis Pars anterior Pars posterior Rami partis anterioris Nervus iliohypogastricus Ramus cutaneus lateralis Ramus cutaneus anterior Nervus ilioinguinalis Nervus labialis anterior ♀ Nervus scrotalis anterior ♂ Nervus genitofemoralis Ramus genitalis Ramus femoralis (Ramus communicans nervi lumbales primum et secundum) Nervus obturatorius Ramus anterior Ramus cutaneus Rami musculares Ramus posterior Ramus cutaneus dorsalis; Nervus clunium medius Ramus ventralis Radix parasympathica Nervus spinalis S3 Ramus dorsalis Ramus cutaneus dorsalis; Nervus clunium medius Ramus ventralis Radix parasympathica Nervus spinalis S4 Ramus dorsalis Ramus ventralis Radix parasympathica Nervus spinalis S5 Ramus dorsalis Ramus ventralis Ramus dorsalis Ramus ventralis Ramus labialis anterior Ramus scrotalis anterior Posterior cutaneous branch Posterior cutaneous branch Anterior ramus Anterior ramus Superior pelvic splanchnic nerve Superior pelvic splanchnic nerve Posterior division Anterior division Third sacral nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Posterior division Anterior division Third sacral nerve Posterior ramus Medial branch Lateral branch Posterior cutaneous branch Anterior ramus Middle pelvic splanchnic nerve Anterior ramus Middle pelvic splanchnic nerve Posterior division Anterior division Fourth sacral nerve Posterior ramus Anterior ramus Inferior pelvic splanchnic nerve Posterior division Anterior division Fourth sacral nerve Posterior ramus Anterior ramus Inferior pelvic splanchnic nerve Superior branch Inferior branch Fifth sacral nerve Posterior ramus Anterior ramus Coccygeal nerve Posterior ramus Anterior ramus Lumbosacral plexus Lumbar plexus Anterior part Posterior part Branches of anterior part Iliohypogastric nerve Lateral cutaneous branch Anterior cutaneous branch Ilio-inguinal nerve Anterior labial nerve ♀ Anterior scrotal nerves ♂ Genitofemoral nerve Genital branch Femoral branch (Communicating branch between L1 and L2) Obturator nerve Anterior branch Cutaneous branch Muscular branches Posterior branch Superior branch Inferior branch Fifth sacral nerve Posterior ramus Anterior ramus Coccygeal nerve Posterior ramus Anterior ramus Lumbosacral plexus Lumbar plexus Anterior part Posterior part Branches of anterior part Iliohypogastric nerve Lateral cutaneous branch Anterior cutaneous branch Ilioinguinal nerve Anterior labial nerve ♀ Anterior scrotal nerves ♂ Genitofemoral nerve Genital branch Femoral branch (Communicating branch between L1 and L2) Obturator nerve Anterior branch Cutaneous branch Muscular branches Posterior branch Dorsal cutaneus branch; Middle clunial nerve Ventral ramus Part of sacral plexus. Part of sacral plexus. Spinal nerve S3 Dorsal ramus Dorsal cutaneous branch; Middle clunial nerve Ventral ramus Part of sacral plexus. Part of sacral plexus. Spinal nerve S4 Dorsal ramus Ventral ramus Branch to sacral plexus Branch to coccygeal plexus Spinal nerve S5 Dorsal ramus Ventral ramus Dorsal ramus Ventral ramus Anterior divisions of L2-L4 Posterior divisions of L2-L4 Anterior labial branch Anterior scrotal branch Nerve of Kuntz The anterior labial nerve is the anterior cutaneous branch of the ilioinguinal nerve. The anterior scrotal nerve is the anterior cutaneous branch of the ilioinguinal nerve. Rami musculares Ramus articularis (Nervus obturatorius accessorius) Rami partis posterioris Nervus cutaneus femoris lateralis Nervus femoralis Rami musculares Rami cutanei femorales anteriores Nervus saphenus Ramus infrapatellaris Rami cutanei cruris mediales Muscular branches Articular branch (Accessory obturator nerve) Muscular branches Articular branch (Accessory obturator nerve) A common variant Branches of posterior part Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve Femoral nerve Muscular branches Anterior femoral cutaneous branches Saphenous nerve Infrapatellar branch Medial crural cutaneous branches (Furcal nerve) Branches of posterior part Lateral femoral cutaneous Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh nerve Femoral nerve Muscular branches Anterior femoral cutaneous branches Saphenous nerve Infrapatellar branch Medial crural cutaneous branches Medial cutaneous nerve of leg Rami translates to branches Lumbosacral trunk Sacral plexus Anterior part Posterior part Branches of anterior part Muscular branches Nerve to obturator internus muscle Nerve to quadratus femoris muscle Nerve to levator ani muscle Lumbosacral trunk Sacral plexus Anterior part Posterior part Branches of anterior part Muscular branches Nerve to obturator internus muscle Nerve to quadratus femoris muscle Nerve to levator ani muscle Pudendal nerve Inferior anal nerve Pudendal nerve Inferior anal nerve Nervus perinealis Nervus labialis posterior ♀ Perineal nerve Posterior labial nerve ♀ Perineal nerve Posterior labial nerve ♀ Nervus scrotalis posterior ♂ Posterior scrotal nerve ♂ Posterior scrotal nerve ♂ Rami musculares Nervus dorsalis clitoridis ♀ Nervus dorsalis penis ♂ Rami partis posterioris Nervus gluteus superior Nervus gluteus inferior Nervus musculi piriformis Nervus cutaneus femoris posterior Nervi clunium inferiores Rami perineales Nervus cutaneus perforans Nervus musculi coccygei Nervus ischiadicus Rami musculares Muscular branches Dorsal nerve of clitoris ♀ Dorsal nerve of penis ♂ Branches of posterior part Superior gluteal nerve Inferior gluteal nerve Nerve to piriformis muscle Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve Inferior clunial nerves Perineal branches Perforating cutaneous nerve Nerve to coccygeus muscle Sciatic nerve Muscular branches Muscular branches Dorsal nerve of clitoris ♀ Current indenting in book indicates that dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis are branches of perineal nerve. Dorsal nerve of penis ♂ Current indenting in book indicates that dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis are branches of perineal nerve. Branches of posterior part Superior gluteal nerve Inferior gluteal nerve Nerve to piriformis muscle Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh See Note on Nervus cutaneus femoris lateralis. Derived from posterior and anterior divisions. (Nervus furcalis) Truncus lumbosacralis Plexus sacralis Pars anterior Pars posterior Rami partis anterioris Rami musculares Nervus musculi obturatorii interni Nervus musculi quadrati femoris Nervus musculi levatoris ani Nervus pudendus Nervus anales inferiores Nervus rectalis inferior (Furcal nerve) Inferior cluneal nerves Perineal branches Perforating cutaneous nerve Nerve to coccygeus muscle Sciatic nerve Muscular branches The furcal nerve is considered either an alternative terms for the L4 spinal nerve or a possible variable extra nerve root. Anterior divisions of L4-S4 Posterior divisions of L4-S4 Levator ani is described as being innervated by S4 and a branch of either the inferior rectal nerve or the perineal branch of pudendal nerve. Inferior rectal nerve; Inferior hemorrhoidal nerve Perineal nerve is a branch of the pudendal nerve, and is usually not multiple branches. Posterior labial nerve is the cutaneous branch of the perineal nerve and is usually not multiple branches. Posterior scrotal nerve is the cutaneous branch of the perineal nerve and is usually not multiple branches. Coccygeus muscle is described as being innervated by branches of S4 and S5. Ischiatic nerve New: femoral muscular branches from tibial division of sciatic. Nervus fibularis communis Nervus peroneus communis Common fibular nerve Common fibular nerve Common peroneal nerve Ramus recurrens articularis nervi fibularis communis Nervus cutaneus surae lateralis Ramus communicans fibularis Ramus communicans peroneus Nervus fibularis superficialis Nervus peroneus superficialis Recurrent articular branch of common fibular nerve Lateral sural cutaneous nerve Sural communicating branch Recurrent articular branch of common fibular nerve Lateral sural cutaneous nerve Sural communicating branch Fibular communicating branch Superficial fibular nerve Superficial fibular nerve Superficial peroneal nerve Rami musculares Nervus cutaneus dorsalis medialis Nervus cutaneus dorsalis intermedius Nervus digitales dorsales pedis Nervus fibularis profundus Nervus peroneus profundus Rami musculares Nervus digitales dorsales pedis Nervus tibialis Rami musculares Nervus interosseus cruris Nervus cutaneus surae medialis Nervus suralis Nervus cutaneus dorsalis lateralis Muscular branches Medial dorsal cutaneous nerve Muscular branches Medial dorsal cutaneous nerve Intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve Dorsal digital nerves of foot Deep fibular nerve Muscular branches Dorsal digital nerves of foot Tibial nerve Muscular branches Crural interosseous nerve Medial sural cutaneous nerve Sural nerve Lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve Intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve Dorsal digital nerves of foot Deep fibular nerve Muscular branches Dorsal digital nerves of foot Tibial nerve Muscular branches Crural interosseous nerve Medial sural cutaneous nerve Sural nerve Lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve Rami calcanei laterales Rami calcanei mediales Nervus plantaris medialis Nervus digitales plantares communes Nervus digitales plantares proprii Lateral calcaneal branches Medial calcaneal branches Medial plantar nerve Common plantar digital nerves Lateral calcaneal branches Medial calcaneal branches Medial plantar nerve Common plantar digital nerves Proper plantar digital nerves Proper plantar digital nerves Nervus plantaris lateralis Ramus superficialis Nervus digitales plantares communes Nervus digitales plantares proprii Lateral plantar nerve Superficial branch Common plantar digital nerves Lateral plantar nerve Superficial branch Common plantar digital nerves Proper plantar digital nerves Proper plantar digital nerves Ramus profundus Plexus coccygeus Nervus anococcygeus Divisio autonomica Pars thoracolumbalis Truncus sympathicus Rami interganglionares Rami communicantes Rami communicantes grisei Ramus communicans albus Ganglia paravertebralia Ganglia intermedia Ganglia trunci sympathici Ganglia cervicalia Deep branch Coccygeal plexus Anococcygeal nerve Autonomic division Thoracolumbar part Sympathetic trunk Interganglionic branches Rami communicantes Gray rami communicantes White ramus communicans Paravertebral ganglia Intermediate ganglia Ganglia of sympathetic trunk Cervical ganglia Deep branch Coccygeal plexus Anococcygeal nerve Autonomic division Thoracolumbar part Sympathetic trunk Interganglionic branches Rami communicantes Grey rami communicantes White ramus communicans Paravertebral ganglia Intermediate ganglia Ganglia of sympathetic trunk Cervical ganglia Pars sympathica Derived from posterior divisions. The TNA WG would like to keep peroneus/peroneal as Latin and English synonyms The third of three articular branches of common fibular nerve is called the recurrent articular branch. Deep peroneal nerve Derived from anterior divisions Interosseous nerve of leg Sympathetic part Sympathetic chain Interganglionic rami A more anatomical name is suggested for this entity. New term: includes Ganglia intermedia and Ganglia trunci sympathici Accessory ganglia Sympathetic chain ganglia Ganglion cervicale superius Nervus jugularis Nervus caroticus internus Nervus pinealis Nervus carotici externi Rami laryngopharyngei Nervus cardiacus cervicalis superior Ganglion cervicale medium (Ganglion vertebrale) Nervus cardiacus cervicalis medius (Ganglion cervicale inferius) Ganglion cervicothoracicum Ansa subclavia Superior cervical ganglion Jugular nerve Internal carotid nerve Pineal nerve External carotid nerves Laryngopharyngeal branches Superior cervical cardiac nerve Superior cervical ganglion Jugular nerve Internal carotid nerve Pineal nerve External carotid nerves Laryngopharyngeal branches Superior cervical cardiac nerve Middle cervical ganglion (Vertebral ganglion) Middle cervical cardiac nerve Middle cervical ganglion (Vertebral ganglion) Middle cervical cardiac nerve (Inferior cervical ganglion) Cervicothoracic ganglion Ansa subclavia (Inferior cervical ganglion) Cervicothoracic ganglion Ansa subclavia Nervus cardiacus cervicalis inferior Nervus vertebralis Ganglia thoracica Rami viscerales thoracici Rami cardiaci thoracici Rami pulmonales thoracici Nervus splanchnicus thoracicus Nervus splanchnicus major major Rami oesophageales Nervus splanchnicus thoracicus Nervus splanchnicus minor minor Nervus splanchnicus thoracicus Nervus splanchnicus imus imus Ramus renalis Ganglia lumbalia Nervus splanchnici lumbales Ganglia sacralia Nervus splanchnici sacrales Ganglion impar Ganglia prevertebralia Ganglion thoracicum splanchnicum Ganglia coeliaca Ganglia aorticorenalia Ganglion mesentericum superius Inferior cervical cardiac nerve Inferior cervical cardiac nerve Vertebral nerve Thoracic ganglia Thoracic visceral branches Thoracic cardiac branches Thoracic pulmonary branches Greater thoracic splanchnic nerve Oesophageal branches Lesser thoracic splanchnic nerve Vertebral nerve Cruveilhier's nerve Thoracic ganglia Thoracic visceral branches Thoracic cardiac branches Thoracic pulmonary branches Greater thoracic splanchnic nerve Greater splanchnic nerve Least thoracic splanchnic nerve Least thoracic splanchnic nerve Renal branch Lumbar ganglia Lumbar splanchnic nerves Sacral ganglia Sacral splanchnic nerves Ganglion impar Prevertebral ganglia Thoracic splanchnic ganglion Renal branch Lumbar ganglia Lumbar splanchnic nerves Sacral ganglia Sacral splanchnic nerves Ganglion impar Prevertebral ganglia Thoracic splanchnic ganglion Coeliac ganglia Aorticorenal ganglia Superior mesenteric ganglion Celiac ganglia Aorticorenal ganglia Superior mesenteric ganglion Ganglion mesentericum inferius Plexus perivasculares Inferior mesenteric ganglion Perivascular plexuses Inferior mesenteric ganglion Perivascular plexuses Plexus caroticus communis Plexus caroticus internus Radix sympathica ganglii ciliaris Common carotid plexus Internal carotid plexus Sympathetic root of ciliary ganglion Deep petrosal nerve Common carotid plexus Internal carotid plexus Sympathetic root of ciliary ganglion Deep petrosal nerve Nervus petrosus profundus Nervus conarii Ganglion stellatum Radix sympathica ganglii pterygopalatini A second, lower middle cervical ganglion is a variant Stellate ganglion Nerve of Vieussens; Anulus of Vieussens Pavlov's nerve, Pawlow's nerve Esophageal branches Lesser thoracic splanchnic nerve Lesser splanchnic nerve Least splanchnic nerve Thoracic visceral branches include cardiac and pulmonary branches. GCA WG added insertion of thoracicus to be consistent with Nervi splanchnici lumbales and pelvici. Other splanchic or visceral branches are referenced by their region of origin, and thoracic splanchinc nerves should be as well. Other splanchic or visceral branches are referenced by their region of origin, and thoracic splanchinc nerves should be as well. The term Plexus perivasculares replaces Plexus periarteriales, since neural plexuses are also found around veins. Sympathetic root of pterygopalatine ganglion Nervi caroticotympanici Nervus pinealis Plexus cavernosus Nervus conarii Plexus caroticus externus Radix sympathica ganglii submandibularis (Radix sympathica ganglii sublingualis) Radix sympathica ganglii otici Plexus subclavius Plexus autonomicus brachialis Plexus vertebralis Plexus aorticus thoracicus Plexus iliacus Plexus femoralis Pars craniosacralis Pars cranialis Ganglion ciliare Radix parasympathica Radix sympathica Radix sensoria Pars parasympathica Radix oculomotoria; Ramus nervus oculomotorii ad ganglion ciliare Radix nasociliaris; R. communicans nervus nasociliaris cum ganglio ciliare Nervus ciliares breves Ganglion pterygopalatinum Nervus canalis pterygoidei Nervus petrosus major Nervus petrosus profundus Radix sensoria ganglii pterygopalatini Rami orbitales Radix intermedia; Radix parasympathic Radix sympathica Rami ganglionares nervus maxillaris Caroticotympanic nerves Pineal nerve Cavernous plexus Caroticotympanic nerves Pineal nerve Cavernous plexus External carotid plexus Sympathetic root of submandibular ganglion (Sympathetic root of sublingual ganglion) Sympathetic root of otic ganglion Subclavian plexus Brachial autonomic plexus Vertebral plexus Thoracic aortic plexus Iliac plexus Femoral plexus Craniosacral part Cranial part Ciliary ganglion Parasympathetic root External carotid plexus Sympathetic root of submandibular ganglion (Sympathetic root of sublingual ganglion) Sympathetic root of otic ganglion Sympathetic root Sensory root Sympathetic root Sensory root Short ciliary nerves Pterygopalatine ganglion Short ciliary nerves Pterygopalatine ganglion Nerve of pterygoid canal Greater petrosal nerve Nerve of pterygoid canal Greater petrosal nerve Deep petrosal nerve Sensory root Deep petrosal nerve Sensory root Orbital branches Orbital branches Subclavian plexus Brachial autonomic plexus Vertebral plexus Thoracic aortic plexus Iliac plexus Femoral plexus Craniosacral part Cranial part Ciliary ganglion Parasympathetic root Ramus sinus cavernosi anterior Anterior cavernous sinus branch Anterior cavernous sinus branch Ramus sinus cavernosi posterior Posterior cavernous sinus branch Posterior cavernous sinus branch Rami nasales posteriores superiores laterales Rami nasales posteriores superiores mediales Lateral superior posterior nasal branches Medial superior posterior nasal branches Lateral superior posterior nasal branches Medial superior posterior nasal branches As an alternative, the term Lateral sellar nerve plexus has been proposed (Parkinson D 1995 Lateral sellar compartment: History and anatomy. J Craniofac Surg 6:55-58; Parkinson D 1998 Lateral sellar compartment O.T. cavernous sinus): History, anatomy and terminology. Anat Rec 251:486-490; Bleys RLAW, Janssen LM, Groen GJ 2001 The lateral sellar nerve plexus and its connections in humans. J Neurosurg 95:102-110). Cruveilhier's plexus Parasympathetic part A more anatomical name is suggested for this entity. This section now contains branches of ganglia rather than their roots Oculomotor root; Branch of oculomotor nerve to ciliary ganglion Nasociliary root; Communicating branch of nasociliary nerve with ciliary ganglion Sphenopalatine ganglion; Meckel's ganglion Vidian nerve Parasympathetic root; Greater superficial petrosal nerve Sympathetic root Ganglionic branches of maxillary nerve One of these orbital branches is the ramus sinus cavernosi anterior, as described by Oomen KPQ, Ebbeling J, de Ru JA, Hordijk GJ, Bleys RLAW (2011) A previously undescribed branch of the pterygopalatine ganglion. Am J Rhinol Allergy 25:1-4, a mixed nerve (parasympathetic and sensory components). Another orbital branch has been termed ramus sinus cavernosi posterior (Ronald Bleys, Utrecht, personal communication). Posterior superior lateral nasal branches Posterior superior medial nasal branches Order of adjectives in English term changed. Order of adjectives in English term changed. Nervus nasopalatinus Nervus pharyngeus Nervus palatinus major Rami nasales posteriores inferiores Nervus palatini minores Rami tonsillares Ganglion submandibulare Radix parasympathica Radix sympathica Radix sensoria Chorda tympani Rami ganglionares n. mandibularis Ramus communicans lingualis Rami glandulares (Ganglion sublinguale) (Radix parasympathica) (Radix sympathica) (Radix sensoria) Ganglion oticum Nervus petrosus minor Radix sympathica Radix sensoria Ramus communicans auriculotemporalis Pars vagalis Truncus vagalis anterior Rami gastrici anteriores Nervus curvaturae minoris anterior Rami hepatici Ramus pyloricus Trucus vagalis posterior Rami gastrici posteriores Nervus curvaturae minoris posterior Rami coeliaci Rami renales Pars sacralis Ganglia pelvica Nervi splanchnici pelvici Radix sympatica Radix sensoria PLEXUS VISCERALES Pars craniocervicalis Plexus caroticus communis Chorda tympani Rami ganglionares n. mandibularis Radix parasympathica Rami ganglionares n. mandibularis Pars pelvica Nervi erigentes; Parasympathetic root Nasopalatine nerve Pharyngeal nerve Greater palatine nerve Posterior inferior nasal branches Nasopalatine nerve Pharyngeal nerve Greater palatine nerve Posterior inferior nasal branches Lesser palatine nerves Tonsillar branches Submandibular ganglion Parasympathetic root Sympathetic root Sensory root Lesser palatine nerves Tonsillar branches Submandibular ganglion Parasympathetic root Sympathetic root Sensory root Communicating branch to lingual nerve Branches to submandibular gland (Sublingual ganglion) (Parasympathetic root) (Sympathetic root) (Sensory root) Scarpa's nerve; Cotugno's nerve Chorda tympani Ganglionic branches of mandibular nerve Communicating branch to lingual Anterior branch to submandibular Related term: Ramus anterior ganglionaris submandibularis nervi lingualis (Anterior branch of lingual nerve gland nerve to submandibular gland). Branches to submandibular gland Reintroduced term (Sublingual ganglion) (Parasympathetic root) (Sympathetic root) (Sensory root) Chorda tympani Ganglionic branches of mandibular nerve Arnold's ganglion Parasympathetic root; Lesser superficial petrosal nerve Otic ganglion Lesser petrosal nerve Otic ganglion Lesser petrosal nerve Sympathetic root Sensory root Sympathetic root Sensory root Communicating branch to auriculotemporal nerve Vagal part Anterior vagal trunk Anterior gastric branches Anterior nerve of lesser curvature Hepatic branches Pyloric branch Posterior vagal trunk Posterior gastric branches Posterior nerve of lesser curvature Coeliac branches Renal branches Sacral part Pelvic ganglia Pelvic splanchnic nerves Communicating branch to auriculotemporal nerve Vagal part Anterior vagal trunk Anterior nerve of Latarjet Anterior gastric branches Anterior nerve of lesser curvature Anterior nerve of Latarjet Sympathetic root Sensory root VISCERAL PLEXUSES Craniocervical part Common carotid plexus Sympathetic root Sensory root VISCERAL PLEXUSES Craniocervical part Common carotid plexus Ganglionic branches of mandibular nerve Hepatic branches Pyloric branch Posterior vagal trunk Posterior nerve of Latarjet Posterior gastric branches Posterior nerve of lesser curvature Posterior nerve of Latarjet Celiac branches Renal branches Sacral part Pelvic ganglia Pelvic splanchnic nerves Pelvic part Parasympathetic root Rami communicantes to Ramus meningeus and to Chorda tympani deleted. New subsection for abdominal vagal trunks and their branches. Plexus caroticus internus Radix sympathica ganglii ciliaris Nervus petrosus profundus Radix sympathica ganglii pterygopalatini Radix sympathica ganglii submandibularis (Radix sympathica ganglii sublingualis) Radix sympathica ganglii otici Nervus caroticotympanici Plexus cavernosus Plexus subclavius Plexus autonomicus brachialis Plexus vertebralis Plexus thoracici Plexus aorticus thoracicus Plexus cardiacus Ganglia cardiaca Plexus oesophageus Plexus pulmonalis Rami pulmonales Plexus abdominales Plexus aorticus abdominalis Plexus phrenicus Ganglia phrenica Plexus coeliacus Plexus hepaticus Plexus splenicus Plexus gastrici Plexus pancreaticus Plexus suprarenalis Plexus mesentericus superior Plexus intermesentericus Plexus renalis Ganglia renalia Plexus uretericus Plexus ovaricus ♀ Plexus testicularis ♂ Plexus mesentericus inferior Plexus rectalis superior Plexus pelvici Ganglia pelvica Plexus hypogastricus superior Nervus hypogastricus Plexus hypogastricus inferior Plexus rectalis medius Plexus rectalis inferior Nervus anales superiores Plexus lienalis Nervus presacralis Plexus pelvicus Internal carotid plexus Sympathetic root of ciliary ganglion Deep petrosal nerve Internal carotid plexus Sympathetic root of ciliary ganglion Deep petrosal nerve Sympathetic root of submandibular ganglion (Sympathetic root of sublingual ganglion) Sympathetic root of otic ganglion Caroticotympanic nerves Cavernous plexus Subclavian plexus Brachial autonomic plexus Vertebral plexus Thoracic plexuses Thoracic aortic plexus Cardiac plexus Cardiac ganglia Oesophageal plexus Pulmonary plexus Pulmonary branches Abdominal plexuses Abdominal aortic plexus Phrenic plexus Phrenic ganglia Coeliac plexus Hepatic plexus Splenic plexus Gastric plexus Pancreatic plexus Suprarenal plexus Superior mesenteric plexus Intermesenteric plexus Renal plexus Renal ganglia Ureteric plexus Ovarian plexus ♀ Testicular plexus ♂ Inferior mesenteric plexus Superior rectal plexus Pelvic plexuses Pelvic ganglia Superior hypogastric plexus Hypogastric nerve Inferior hypogastric plexus Middle rectal plexus Inferior rectal plexus Superior anal nerves Sympathetic root of submandibular ganglion (Sympathetic root of sublingual ganglion) Sympathetic root of otic ganglion Caroticotympanic nerves Cavernous plexus Subclavian plexus Brachial autonomic plexus Vertebral plexus Thoracic plexuses Thoracic aortic plexus Cardiac plexus Cardiac ganglia Esophageal plexus Pulmonary plexus Pulmonary branches Abdominal plexuses Abdominal aortic plexus Phrenic plexus Phrenic ganglia Celiac plexus Hepatic plexus Splenic plexus Gastric plexus Pancreatic plexus Suprarenal plexus Superior mesenteric plexus Intermesenteric plexus Renal plexus Renal ganglia Ureteric plexus Ovarian plexus ♀ Testicular plexus ♂ Inferior mesenteric plexus Superior rectal plexus Pelvic plexuses Pelvic ganglia Superior hypogastric plexus Hypogastric nerve Inferior hypogastric plexus Middle rectal plexus Inferior rectal plexus Superior anal nerves Sympathetic root of pterygopalatine ganglion Sublingual ganglion is not constant. Cruveilhier's plexus Ganglion of Wrisberg Reintroduced term Plexus intermesentericus is a synonym of the Plexus aorticus abdominalis; in TA as separate entries. Presacral nerve Pelvic plexus Plexus deferentialis ♂ Plexus vesicalis Plexus uterovaginalis ♀ Nervus vaginales ♀ Nervus cavernosi clitoridis ♀ Plexus prostaticus ♂ Nervus cavernosi penis ♂ Plexus entericus Deferential plexus ♂ Vesical plexus Uterovaginal plexus ♀ Vaginal nerves♀ Cavernous nerves of clitoris ♀ Prostatic plexus ♂ Cavernous nerves of penis ♂ Enteric plexus Deferential plexus ♂ Vesical plexus Uterovaginal plexus ♀ Vaginal nerves♀ Cavernous nerves of clitoris ♀ Prostatic plexus ♂ Cavernous nerves of penis ♂ Enteric plexus Plexus entericus ganglionaris Plexus nervosus submucosus Plexus nervosus submucosus internus Plexus nervosus submucosus externus Plexus nervosus myentericus Plexus entericus aganglionaris Plexus aganglionaris mucosus Enteric ganglionic plexus Submucosal neural plexus Inner submucosal neural plexus Outer submucosal neural plexus Myenteric neural plexus Enteric aganglionic plexus Aganglionic plexus of mucosa Enteric ganglionic plexus Submucosal neural plexus Inner submucosal neural plexus Outer submucosal neural plexus Myenteric neural plexus Enteric aganglionic plexus Aganglionic plexus of mucosa Plexus aganglionaris muscularis mucosae Plexus aganglionaris extremus Plexus aganglionaris internus muscularis Plexus aganglionaris externus muscularis Plexus aganglionaris serosus Plexus entericus perivascularis Ganglion entericum Neura enterica Neuron afferens primarium intrinsicum Interneuron longiaxonicum Interneuron ascendens Interneuron descendens Interneuron intestinofugiens Aganglionic plexus of muscularis mucosae Extreme aganglionic plexus Internal aganglionic plexus of muscular layer External aganglionic plexus of muscular layer Aganglionic plexus of serosa Enteric perivascular plexus Enteric ganglion Enteric neurons Intrinsic primary afferent neuron Projection interneuron Ascending interneuron Descending interneuron Intestinofugal interneuron Aganglionic plexus of muscularis mucosae Extreme aganglionic plexus Internal aganglionic plexus of muscular layer External aganglionic plexus of muscular layer Aganglionic plexus of serosa Enteric perivascular plexus Enteric ganglion Enteric neurons Intrinsic primary afferent neuron Projection interneuron Ascending interneuron Descending interneuron Intestinofugal interneuron Local interneuron Motor neuron Excitatory motor neuron Inhibitory motor neuron Enteric glia Sense organs Olfactory organ Olfactory mucosal membrane Olfactory part of nasal mucosa Local interneuron Motor neuron Excitatory motor neuron Inhibitory motor neuron Enteric glia Sense organs Olfactory organ Olfactory mucosal membrane Olfactory part of nasal mucosa Olfactory epithelium Olfactory stem cell Olfactory sensory neuron Olfactory epithelium Olfactory stem cell Olfactory sensory neuron Interneuron breviaxonicum Motoneuron Motoneuron excitatorium Motoneuron inhibitorium Glia enterica Organa sensuum Organum olfactorium Tunica mucosa olfactoria Pars olfactoria tunicae mucosae nasi Epithelium olfactorium Cellula olfactoria precursoria Epitheliocytus neurosensorius olfactorius Dendritum Bulbus dendriticus Systema nervosum entericum Neuron motorium Organum olfactus Dendrite Dendritic bulb Dendrite Dendritic bulb Plexus of ductus deferens Frankenhauser's plexus Enteric nervous plexus Related term: Pars enterica systematis nervosi. Eponyms adopted from TH. Meissner's plexus Eponym: Meissner. Eponym: Schabadasch. Auerbach's plexus Motoneuron Excitatory motoneuron Inhibitory motoneuron Olfactory area Eponym: Auerbach. Cilium Axon olfactorium Neurofibra olfactoria Cilium Olfactory axon Cilium Olfactory axon Filum olfactorium Epitheliocytus sustenans Epitheliocytus basalis Glia olfactoria Glandula olfactoria Oculus BULBUS OCULI Polus anterior Polus posterior Equator Meridiani Axis bulbi externus Axis bulbi internus Axis opticus Segmentum anterius Segmentum posterius Tunica fibrosa bulbi Olfactory filum Supporting epithelial cell Basal epithelial cell Olfactory glia Olfactory gland Eye EYEBALL Anterior pole Posterior pole Equator Meridians External axis of eyeball Internal axis of eyeball Optic axis Anterior segment Posterior segment Fibrous layer of eyeball Olfactory filum Supporting epithelial cell Basal epithelial cell Olfactory glia Olfactory gland Eye EYEBALL Anterior pole Posterior pole Equator Meridians External axis of eyeball Internal axis of eyeball Optic axis Anterior segment Posterior segment Fibrous layer of eyeball Sclera Sulcus sclerae Reticulum trabeculare Sclera Sulcus sclerae Trabecular tissue Sclera Sulcus sclerae Trabecular tissue Pars corneoscleralis Pars uvealis Calcar sclerae Sinus venosus sclerae Venulae aquosae Corneoscleral part Uveal part Scleral spur Scleral venous sinus Aqueous veins Corneoscleral part Uveal part Scleral spur Scleral venous sinus Aqueous veins Laminae sclerae Lamina episcleralis Substantia propria sclerae Lamina fusca sclerae Lamina cribrosa sclerae Typi cellularum Melanocytus sclerae Scleral layers Episcleral layer of sclera Substantia propria of sclera Suprachoroid lamina of sclera Lamina cribrosa of sclera Cell types Scleral melanocyte Scleral layers Episcleral layer of sclera Substantia propria of sclera Suprachoroid lamina of sclera Lamina cribrosa of sclera Cell types Scleral melanocyte Cornea Conjunctival ring Corneoscleral junction Arcus lipoideus Corneal vertex Anterior surface Posterior surface Iridocorneal angle Pectinate ligament of iridocorneal angle Corneal layers Cornea Conjunctival ring Corneoscleral junction Arcus lipoideus Corneal vertex Anterior surface Posterior surface Iridocorneal angle Pectinate ligament of iridocorneal angle Corneal layers Cornea Anulus conjuncticae Limbus corneae Arcus lipoideus Vertex corneae Facies anterior Facies posterior Angulus iridocornealis Ligamentum pectinatum iridocorneale Laminae corneae Retinaculum trabeculare iridosclerale Stroma sclerae Anulus scleralis Arcus senilis; Arcus corneae Olfactory nerve fibre; Olfactory nerve fiber TH term Axonum corrected to Axon. Bowman's gland GCA Working Group suggested Fascia bulbi as English synonym for Fibrous layer. This may lead to unnecessary confusion with the term Vagina bulbi. More appropriate would be the reintroduction of the term Tunica externa bulbi (PNA) as synonym. Trabecular meshwork of Fontana Canal of Schlemm New term; the Venulae aquosae ('Wasservenen') were described by Ascher KW (1942) Am J Ophthalmol 25:31. They collect the Humor aquosus from the Sinus venosus sclerae, and drain into the Venae episclerales. Heading Laminae sclerae added. Stroma of sclera Heading Typi cellularum added. Sclerae/scleral added to differentiate from other Melanocytes. Scleral ring Corneal limbus Arcus senilis; Corneal arcus In Ophthalmology, Arcus corneae (Corneal arcus) is used; related term: Gerontoxonum. Heading Laminae corneae added. Epithelium anterius corneae Corneal epithelium Corneal epithelium Lamina limitans anterior corneae Anterior limiting membrane of cornea Substantia propria of cornea Posterior limiting membrane of cornea Endothelium of cornea Anterior limiting membrane of cornea Substantia propria of cornea Posterior limiting membrane of cornea Endothelium of cornea Cell types Corneal stem cell Keratocyte of cornea VASCULAR LAYER OF EYEBALL Choroid Choroid layers Suprachoroid layer Perichoroidal space Vascular layer of choroid Cell types Corneal stem cell Keratocyte of cornea VASCULAR LAYER OF EYEBALL Choroid Choroid layers Suprachoroid layer Perichoroidal space Vascular layer of choroid Choroidocapillary layer Basal complex Inner basal lamina of choroid Choroidocapillary layer Basal complex Inner basal lamina of choroid Inner fibrous layer of choroid Inner fibrous layer of choroid Elastic layer of choroid Outer fibrous layer of choroid Elastic layer of choroid Outer fibrous layer of choroid Substantia propria corneae Lamina limitans posterior corneae Epithelium posterius corneae Stroma corneae Typi cellularum Cellula cornealis precursoria Keratocytus corneae TUNICA VASCULOSA BULBI UVEA Choroidea Laminae choroideae Lamina suprachoroidea Spatium perichoroideum Lamina vaculosa Lamina choroidocapillaris Complexus basalis choroideae Lamina basalis epithelii pigmentosi choroideae Stratum fibrosum internum choroideae Stratum elasticum choroideae Stratum fibrosum externum choroideae Lamina basalis vasis capillaris choroideae Typi cellularum Melanocytus choroideus Vasa sanguinea choroideae Arteriae ciliares Arteriae ciliares anteriores Arteriae ciliares posteriores Arteriae ciliares posteriores breves (Arteria cilioretinalis) Basal lamina of capillary of choroid Cell types Choroidal melanocyte Choroid blood vessels Ciliary arteries Anterior ciliary arteries Posterior ciliary arteries Short posterior ciliary arteries (Cilioretinal artery) Arteriae ciliares posteriores longae Venae ciliares Venae vorticosae Corpus ciliare Corona ciliaris Anulus ciliaris Processus ciliares Plica ciliaris Stroma ciliare Long posterior ciliary arteries Ciliary veins Vorticose veins Ciliary body Corona ciliaris Ciliary ring Ciliary processes Ciliary fold Ciliary stroma Orbiculus ciliaris Anterior epithelium of cornea; Bowman's membrane Reichert's membrane Stroma of cornea Descemet's membrane Corneal endothelium; Posterior epithelium English term corrected, to be in line with Latin. Heading Typi cellularum added. UVEA The widely used term Uvea has been added, in Latin and English. Heading Laminae choroideae added. Suprachoroid lamina Vascular lamina of choroid; Haller's layer; Sattler's layer Capillary lamina Bruch's membrane Basal lamina of capillary of choroid Cell types Choroidal melanocyte Choroid blood vessels Ciliary arteries Anterior ciliary arteries Posterior ciliary arteries Short posterior ciliary arteries Here, TH term is preferred over TA (Capillary lamina). TH terminology preferred over TA; eponym: (Membrane of) Bruch. Heading Typi cellularum added. (Cilioretinal artery) New term; theArteria cilioretinalis is a variant artery which leaves the Discus nervi optici separately from the Arteria centralis retinae. It may serve as an additional supply for the Macula lutea from the choroidal circulation. If present (10-30% of cases), it can spare central vision in occlusion of the Arteria centralis retinae. Long posterior ciliary arteries Ciliary veins Vorticose veins Ciliary body Corona ciliaris Ciliary ring Ciliary processes Ciliary fold Ciliary stroma Veins of vortex; Veins of Stensen Ciliary plica New synonym Musculus ciliaris Fibrae meridionales Fibrae longitudinales Fibrae radiales Fibrae circulares Lamina basalis Epithelium ciliare Epithelium pigmentosum Epithelium nonpigmentosum Iris Margo pupillaris Margo ciliaris Facies anterior Facies posterior Anulus iridis major Anulus iridis minor Plicae iridis Plica circularis iridis Plica radians iridis Crypta iridis Pupilla Musculus sphincter pupillae Musculus dilatator pupillae Myoepitheliocytus iridicus Spatia anguli iridocornealis Circulus arteriosus iridis major Circulus arteriosus iridis minor (Membrana pupillaris) Laminae iridis Stratum limitans anterius iridis Stroma iridis Stratum anterius nonvasculosum iridicum Stratum posterius vasculosum iridicum Melanocytus iridis Cellula congregata Epithelium iridicum Pigmentocytus Tunica interna bulbi Retina Pars caeca retinae Pars ciliaris retinae Pars iridica retinae Limbus posterior retinae Epithelium simplex cuboideum pigmentosum limbi posterioris Membrana basalis superficialis limbi posterioris Pigmentocytus Pars ciliaris retinae Ciliary muscle Meridional fibres Longitudinal fibres Radial fibres Circular fibres Basal lamina Ciliary epithelium Pigmented epithelium Nonpigmented epithelium Iris Pupillary margin Ciliary margin Anterior surface Posterior surface Outer border of iris Inner border of iris Folds of iris Circular fold of iris Radial fold of iris Crypt of iris Pupil Sphincter pupillae muscle Dilator pupillae muscle Myo-epithelial cell of iris Spaces of iridocorneal angle Major arterial circle of iris Minor arterial circle of iris (Pupillary membrane) Layers of iris Anterior limiting layer of iris Stroma of iris Nonvascular layer of iris Vascular layer of iris Epithelium pigmentosum Melanocyte of iris Clump cell Epithelium of iris Pigment cell Inner layer of eyeball Retina Nonvisual retina Ciliary part of retina Iridial part of retina Posterior border of retina Simple cuboidal pigmented epithelium of iridial part of retina Superficial basement membrane of iridial part of retina Pigment cell Ciliary muscle Meridional fibers Longitudinal fibers Radial fibers Circular fibers Basal lamina Ciliary epithelium Pigmented epithelium Nonpigmented epithelium Iris Pupillary margin Ciliary margin Anterior surface Posterior surface Outer border of iris Inner border of iris Folds of iris Circular fold of iris Radial fold of iris Crypt of iris Pupil Sphincter pupillae muscle Dilator pupillae muscle Myoepithelial cell of iris Spaces of iridocorneal angle Major arterial circle of iris Minor arterial circle of iris (Pupillary membrane) Layers of iris Anterior limiting layer of iris Stroma of iris Nonvascular layer of iris Brücke's muscle Rouget's muscle Müller's muscles Pars ciliaris retinae Eponym: Fuchs. Spaces of Fontana Major circulus arteriosus of iris Minor circulus arteriosus of iris Vascular layer of iris English term added by GCA Working Group. Ibid. Heading Laminae iridis added. Iridis corrected to iridicum. Ibid. Melanocyte of iris Clump cell Epithelium of iris Iris epithelium Pigment cell Inner layer of eyeball Retina Nonvisual retina Ciliary part of retina Iridial part of retina Posterior border of retina Simple cuboidal pigmented epithelium of iridial part of retina Iridis added to differentiate from other Melanocytes. Eponym: Koganei. English synonym added. Superficial basement membrane of iridial part of retina The term Membrana basalis superficialis limbi posterioris was added, for developmental reasons, the epithelium of the posterior border does not have the usual basement membrane on its side facing the stroma, but superficially on the side facing the lens. Pigment cell Ora serrata Pars optica retinae Strata retinae Stratum pigmentosum retinae Stratum nervosum retinae Stratum segmentorum Stratum bacillorum externorum et internorum retinae conorumque retinae Ora serrata Optic part of retina Retinal layers Pigmented layer of retina Neural layer of retina Layer of inner and outer segments of retina Ora serrata Optic part of retina Retinal layers Pigmented layer of retina Neural layer of retina Layer of inner and outer segments of retina Retinal pigment epithelial layer Heading Strata retinae added. English synonym added. Layer of rods and cones Here, the PNA term Stratum neuroepitheliale may be better suited. Related term: Outer limiting membrane of retina. Stratum limitans externum retinae Stratum nucleare externum retinae Stratum plexiforme externum retinae Stratum nucleare internum retinae Stratum plexiforme internum retinae Stratum ganglionicum retinae Stratum neurofibrarum retinae Outer limiting layer of retina Outer limiting layer of retina External limiting layer of retina Outer nuclear layer of retina Outer nuclear layer of retina External nuclear layer of retina Outer plexiform layer of retina Outer plexiform layer of retina External plexiform layer of retina Inner nuclear layer of retina Inner nuclear layer of retina Internal nuclear layer of retina Inner plexiform layer of retina Inner plexiform layer of retina Internal plexiform layer of retina May be subdivided into OFF and ON sublayers. Ganglionic layer of retina Layer of nerve fibres of retina Ganglionic layer of retina Layer of nerve fibers of retina Stratum limitans internum retinae Discus nervi optici Excavatio disci Inner limiting layer of retina Inner limiting layer of retina Internal limiting layer of retina Related term: Internal limiting membrane of retina Excavation of optic nerve head Latin synonym added. The incorrect English terms (Depression of optic disc and Physiological cup) are replaced by: Optic disc excavation and Excavation of optic nerve head. Papilla nervi optici Optic disc Optic disc excavation Optic disc Optic disc excavation Macula lutea Fovea centralis Foveola Stratum pigmentosum foveae centralis Stratum nervosum foveae centralis Stratum conorum foveae centralis Neura retinalia Macula Fovea centralis Foveola Pigmented layer of fovea centralis Nervous layer of fovea centralis Layer of cones of fovea centralis Retinal neurons Macula Fovea centralis Foveola Foveal pit Pigmented layer of fovea centralis Nervous layer of fovea centralis Neura sensoria retinalia Neuron bacilliferum Bacillum retinae Segmentum externum bacilli retinae Discus membranaceus bacilli retinae Ponticulus conjunctivus bacilli retinae Cilium connectens bacilli retinae Spatium intersegmentale bacilli retinae Segmentum internum bacilli retinae Fibra externa bacilli retinae Photoreceptor cells Rod cell Rod Outer segment of rod Photoreceptor cells Rod cell Rod Outer segment of rod Membranous disc of rod Connecting stalk of rod Layer of cones of fovea centralis Retinal neurons Heading Neura retinalia added, from TH; based on Kolb H, Linberg KA, Fisher SK 1992. Neurons of the human retina: A Golgi study. J Comp Neurol 318:147-187, and more recent studies (Website Kolb H et al. The Organization of the Retina and Visual System; http://webvision.med.utah.edu). Ellipsoid TH's Ellipsoid English synonym for Outer segment of rod/cone. Membranous disc of rod Connecting stalk of rod Connecting cilium of rod Connecting cilium of rod Intersegmental space of rod Intersegmental space of rod Inner segment of rod Inner segment of rod Outer rod fibre Outer rod fiber Related term: Pons cytoplasmaticus excentralis bacilli retinae. Myoid Related term: Constrictio externa bacilli retinae. Soma neuri bacilliferi Processus axonalis neuri bacilliferi Fibra interna neuri bacilliferi Spherula bacilli retinae Synapsis invaginata Neuron coniferum Conus retinae Segmentum externum coni retinae Discus membranaceus coni retinae Ponticulus conjunctivus coni retinae Cilium connectens coni retinae Soma of rod cell Axonal process of rod cell Soma of rod cell Axonal process of rod cell Inner rod fibre Inner rod fiber Rod spherule Invaginated synapse Cone cell Cone Outer segment of cone Rod spherule Invaginated synapse Cone cell Cone Outer segment of cone Membranous disc of cone Cell body of rod Related term: Spherula terminalis neuri bacilliferi. Ellipsoid Membranous disc of cone Connecting stalk of cone Connecting stalk of cone Connecting cilium of cone Connecting cilium of cone Spatium intersegmentale coni retinae Segmentum internum coni retinae Fibra externa coni retinae Soma neuri coniferi Processus axonalis neuri coniferi Fibra interna neuri coniferi Pes terminalis coni retinae Synapsis invaginata Conus typus L Conus typus M Intersegmental space of cone Inner cone fibre Cone pedicle Invaginated synapse L-type cone M-type cone Inner cone fiber Cone pedicle Invaginated synapse L-type cone M-type cone Conus typus S S-type cone S-type cone Neura bipolaria Neuron bipolare bacillotopicum Neuron bipolare conotopicum Bipolar neurons Rod bipolar cell Cone bipolar cell Bipolar neurons Rod bipolar cell Cone bipolar cell Related term: Pons cytoplasmaticus excentralis coni retinae. Intersegmental space of cone Inner segment of cone Inner segment of cone Myxoid Outer cone fibre Soma of cone cell Axonal process of cone cell Outer cone fiber Soma of cone cell Axonal process of cone cell Cell body of cone Midget cone bipolar cell TH's neuroni here and in subsequent terms corrected to neuri. Neuron bipolare conotopicum nanum Neuron bipolare conotopicum nanum planum Neuron bipolare conotopicum nanum invaginans Neuron bipolare conotopicum nanum caeruleum Neuron bipolare conotopicum diffusum Neuron bipolare conotopicum bistratificatum giganteum Giant bistratified cone bipolar cell cell Neuron bipolare conotopicum diffusum nongiganteum Nongiant diffuse cone bipolar cell cell Related term: Constrictio externa coni retinae. Related term: Pes terminalis neuri coniferi. Long-wavelength cone; Red cone Related term: Epitheliocytus conifer. Medium-wavelength cone; Green cone Short-wavelength cone; Blue cone A physiological subdivision of Cone bipolar cells includes ON-cone bipolar cells and OFF-cone bipolar cells, each with three to five disctinct types (Masland RH 2001. The fundamental plan of the retina. Nat Rev Neurosci 4:877-886). Midget cone bipolar cell Flat midget cone bipolar cell Flat midget cone bipolar cell Invaginating midget cone bipolar cell Blue cone bipolar cell Invaginating midget cone bipolar cell Blue cone bipolar cell Diffuse cone bipolar cell Diffuse cone bipolar cell Giant bistratified cone bipolar Nongiant diffuse cone bipolar TH's Myxoid is English synonym for Inner segment of rod/cone. S-cone bipolar cell. Neura ganglionaria retinalia Retinal ganglion cells Neuron ganglionare umbelliforme magnum Neuron ganglionare umbelliforme parvum Large-parasol-type ganglion cell Large-parasol-type ganglion cell M-type ganglion cell Neuron ganglionare nanum Neura horizontalia Neuron horizontale typi I Neuron horizontale typi II Neura amacrina Midget ganglion cell Horizontal neurons Type I horizontal neuron Type II horizontal neuron Amacrine cells Midget ganglion cell Horizontal neurons Type I horizontal neuron Type II horizontal neuron Amacrine cells Neuron amacrinum diffusum Neuron amacrinum stratificatum Diffuse amacrine cell Stratified amacrine cell Diffuse amacrine cell Stratified amacrine cell Neuron amacrinum bacillotopicum Neuron amacrinum bistratificatum campi angusti Rod-related amacrine cell Rod-related amacrine cell Neuron amacrinum AII AII narrow-field bistratified amacrine cell AII narrow-field bistratified amacrine cell Neuron amacrinum A17 A17 wide-field reciprocal amacrine cell A17 wide-field reciprocal amacrine cell Neuron amacrinum mutuum campi lati Retinal ganglion cells Small-parasol-type ganglion cell Small-parasol-type ganglion cell P2-type ganglion cell Neuron amacrinum Neuron amacrinum A18 dopaminergicum Neuron amacrinum conotopicum A18 dopaminergic amacrine cell A18 dopaminergic amacrine cell Neuron amacrinum campi Neuron amacrinum A2 angusti viae conotopicae angustae Neuron amacrinum Neuron amacrinum A8 bistratificatum viae conotopicae Neuron amacrinum campi parvi Neuron amacrinum A13 A2 narrow-field cone pathway A2 narrow-field cone pathway amacrine cell amacrine cell A8 bistratified cone pathway amacrine cell A13 small-field amacrine cell A8 bistratified cone pathway amacrine cell A13 small-field amacrine cell Neuron amacrinum OFF-ON Neuron amacrinum ON-OFF Neuron amacrinum campi lati substantiam P includens Neuron amacrinum cholinergicum Neuron interplexiforme A19 OFF-ON amacrine cell A20 ON-OFF amacrine cell A22 Substance P-containing large field amacrine cell Acetylcholine-containing starburst amacrine cell Interplexiform neuron A19 OFF-ON amacrine cell A20 ON-OFF amacrine cell A22 Substance P-containing large field amacrine cell Acetylcholine-containing starburst amacrine cell Interplexiform neuron Retinal glial cells Radial glial cell Radial process Retinal glial cells Radial glial cell Radial process Gliocyti retinae Gliocytus radialis Processus radialis TH term 'multipolare' replaced by 'retinale' for consistency. There are at least 18 different morphological types of ganglion cells in the human retina, numbered from G1-G23 after Golgi studies (G = Golgi type) by Kolb et al. (1981 Vision Res 21:1081-1114) in cats. Special names have been given to the Midget and Parasol ganglion cells, projecting to the Parvocellular and Magnocellular layers of CGL, respectively. Neuron amacrinum A19 Neuron amacrinum A20 Neuron amacrinum A22 Cone-related amacrine cell More recently, these ganglion cells became known as Small and Large bistratified ganglion cells, giving rise to the Koniocellular pathway to the CGL (Dacey DM 2000 Parallel pathways for spectral coding in primate retina. Annu Rev Neurosci 23:743-775; Nassi JJ, Callaway EM 2009 Parallel processing strategies of the primate visual system. Nat Rev Neurosci 10:360-372). P1-type ganglion cell Horizontal cells Masland RH (2001 The fundamental plan of the retina. Nat Rev Neurosci 4:877-886) counted at least 29 types of Amacrine cells, most of them are glycinergic (Neuron amacrinum glycinergicum) or GABAergic (Neuron amacrinum GABAergicum). TH's A11 corrected to AII (Roman numeral!). 'Aperturae angustae' corrected to 'campi angusti' as for the other amacrine cells. The Latin term has been divided into two. The Amacrine cell AI (Kolb and Famiglietti 1974 Science 186:47-49) was later renamed as A17. The term AII remained.; related term: Neuron amacrinum bistatificatum aperturae angustae. TH's A11 corrected to AII (Roman numeral!). 'Aperturae angustae' corrected to 'campi angusti' as for the other amacrine cells. The Latin term has been divided into two. The Amacrine cell AI (Kolb and Famiglietti 1974 Science 186:47-49) was later renamed as A17. The term AII remained.; related term: Neuron amacrinum mutuum aperturae latae. Cone-related amacrine cell Related term: Neuron amacrinum aperturae parvae. Related term: Neuron amacrinum aperturae latae substantiam P includens. The Neuron interplexiforme is probably an extraordinary type of Amacrine cell (Sterling P, Demb JB 2004. Retina. In: Shepherd GM, ed: The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 217-269). Heading added. Eponym: (Cell of) Müller. Astrocytus protoplasmaticus Protoplasmic astrocyte Protoplasmic astrocyte Nervus opticus Pars intracranialis Pars canalis Pars orbitalis Pars intraocularis Pars postlaminaris Pars intralaminaris Pars prelaminaris Vagina externa Vagina interna Spatium subarachnoideum Spatium leptomeningeum Vasa sanguinea retinae Arteria centralis retinae, pars intraocularis Circulus vasculosus nervi optici Arteriola superior retinae temporalis Arteriola inferior retinae temporalis Arteriola superior retinae nasalis Optic nerve Intracranial part Part in canal Orbital part Intra-ocular part Postlaminar part Intralaminar part Prelaminar part Outer sheath Inner sheath Subarachnoid space Retinal blood vessels Central retinal artery, intraocular part Vascular circle of optic nerve Superior temporal retinal arteriole Inferior temporal retinal arteriole Optic nerve Intracranial part Part in canal Orbital part Intraocular part Postlaminar part Intralaminar part Prelaminar part Outer sheath Inner sheath Subarachnoid space Retinal blood vessels Central retinal artery, intraocular part Vascular circle of optic nerve Superior temporal retinal arteriole Superior nasal retinal arteriole Superior nasal retinal arteriole Arteriola inferior retinae nasalis Arteriola macularis superior Arteriola macularis inferior Arteriola macularis media Vena centralis retinae, pars intraocularis Venula superior retinae temporalis Venula inferior retinae temporalis Inferior nasal retinal arteriole Superior macular arteriole Inferior macular arteriole Middle macular arteriole Central retinal vein, intraocular part Superior temporal retinal venule Inferior nasal retinal arteriole Superior macular arteriole Inferior macular arteriole Middle macular arteriole Central retinal vein, intraocular part Superior temporal retinal venule Inferior temporal retinal venule Inferior temporal retinal venule Venula superior retinae nasalis Venula inferior retinae nasalis Venula macularis superior Venula macularis inferior Venula macularis media Lens Substantia lentis Cortex lentis Nucleus lentis Fibrae lentis Fibra centralis lentis Fibra transitoria lentis Fibra principalis lentis Filamentum filensini Filamentum phakinini Epithelium lentis Capsula lentis Polus anterior Superior nasal retinal venule Inferior nasal retinal venule Superior macular venule Inferior macular venule Middle macular venule Lens Lens substance Cortex of lens Nucleus of lens Lens fibres Central fibre of lens Transitory fibre of lens Principal fibre of lens Filensin filament Phakinin filament Lens epithelium Capsule of lens Anterior pole Superior nasal retinal venule Inferior nasal retinal venule Superior macular venule Inferior macular venule Middle macular venule Lens Lens substance Cortex of lens Nucleus of lens Lens fibers Central fiber of lens Transitory fiber of lens Principal fiber of lens Filensin filament Phakinin filament Lens epithelium Capsule of lens Anterior pole Inferior temporal retinal arteriole Intracanalicular part Intra-orbital part; Intraorbital part External sheath Internal sheath Leptomeningeal space In BNA, eponym: Haller. Polus posterior Facies anterior Facies posterior Axis Equator Radii Zonula ciliaris Posterior pole Anterior surface Posterior surface Axis Equator Radii Ciliary zonule Posterior pole Anterior surface Posterior surface Axis Equator Radii Ciliary zonule Fibrae zonulares Spatia zonularia Zonular fibres Zonular spaces Zonular fibers Zonular spaces Camerae bulbi Humor aquosus Camera anterior bulbi Angulus iridocornealis Camera posterior bulbi Camera postrema bulbi Spatium retrozonulare Corpus vitreum Hyalocytus Membrana vitrea Stroma vitreum Humor vitreus (Arteria hyaloidea) Canalis hyaloideus Fossa hyaloidea Camera anterior Angulus iridocornealis Camera posterior Camera vitrea STRUCTURAE OCULI ACCESSORIAE Periorbita Membrana orbitalis Chambers of eyeball Aqueous humour Anterior chamber of eyeball Iridocorneal angle Posterior chamber of eyeball Postremal chamber of eyeball Retrozonular space Vitreous body Hyalocyte Vitreous membrane Vitreous stroma Vitreous humour (Hyaloid artery) Hyaloid canal Hyaloid fossa Anterior chamber Iridocorneal angle Posterior chamber Vitreous chamber ACCESSORY VISUAL STRUCTURES Periorbita Orbital membrane Chambers of eyeball Aqueous humor Anterior chamber of eyeball Iridocorneal angle Posterior chamber of eyeball Postremal chamber of eyeball Retrozonular space Vitreous body Hyalocyte Vitreous membrane Vitreous stroma Vitreous humor (Hyaloid artery) Hyaloid canal Hyaloid fossa Anterior chamber Iridocorneal angle Posterior chamber Vitreous chamber ACCESSORY VISUAL STRUCTURES Periorbita Orbital membrane Musculus orbitalis Septum orbitale Vagina bulbi Orbitalis muscle Orbital septum Fascial sheath of eyeball Orbitalis muscle Orbital septum Fascial sheath of eyeball Ligamentum suspensorium bulbi Spatium episclerale Corpus adiposum orbitae Fasciae musculares Suspensory ligament of eyeball Episcleral space Retrobulbar fat body Muscular fascia Episcleral space Retrobulbar fat body Muscular fascia Musculi externi bulbi oculi Musculus rectus superior Musculus rectus inferior Musculus rectus medialis Musculus rectus lateralis Extra-ocular muscles Superior rectus muscle Inferior rectus muscle Medial rectus muscle Lateral rectus muscle Extraocular muscles Superior rectus muscle Inferior rectus muscle Medial rectus muscle Lateral rectus muscle Ligamentum suspensorium lentis Camera vitrea Camera postrema Suspensory ligament of the lens; Zonule of Zinn Hannover's spaces, Hannover's canal; Canal of Petit, Spaces of Petit Vitreous chamber TA terms rearranged according to TH. Eponym: Retzius. Cloquet's canal; Stilling's canal Postremal chamber Term not in TA: At the level of the Foramen nervi optici, the Periorbita is joined with the dural sheath of the Nervus opticus, and bridges as Membrana orbitalis the Fissura orbitalis inferior. The Musculus orbitalis consists of smooth muscle fibres within the Membrana orbitalis; replaced from Musculi externi bulbi oculi. Bulbar sheath; Tenon's capsule or fascia; Fascia bulbi Suspensory ligament of eyeball Lockwood's ligament Orbital fat body Extrinsic muscles of eyeball Eponym: (Capsule of) Tenon. Lacertus musculi recti lateralis Anulus tendineus communis Check ligament of lateral rectus muscle Common tendinous ring Musculus obliquus superior Trochlea Vagina tendinis musculi obliqui superioris Musculus obliquus inferior Musculus levator palpebrae superioris Lamina superficialis Lamina profunda Musculus tarsalis superior Superior oblique muscle Trochlea Tendinous sheath of superior oblique muscle Inferior oblique muscle Levator palpebrae superioris muscle Superficial layer Deep layer Supercilium Palpebrae Palpebra superior Palpebra inferior Facies anterior palpebrae Plica palpebronasalis Facies posterior palpebrae Rima palpebrarum Commissura lateralis palpebrarum Commissura medialis palpebrarum Angulus lateralis oculi Angulus medialis oculi Limbus anterior palpebrae Limbus posterior palpebrae Cilia palpebrae Glandula sebacea ciliaris Dermis palpebrae Tarsus superior Tarsus inferior Ligamentum palpebrale laterale Ligamentum canthi laterale Ligamentum palpebrale mediale Ligamentum canthi mediale Pars superficialis Pars profunda Glandula sebacea tarsalis Glandula ciliaris Glandula sudorifera palpebralis Musculus tarsalis superior Musculus tarsalis inferior Tunica conjunctiva Plica semilunaris Caruncula lacrimalis Tunica conjunctiva bulbi Tunica conjunctiva palpebrarum Fornix conjunctiva superior Fornix conjunctiva inferior Saccus conjunctivalis Eyebrow Eyelids Superior eyelid Inferior eyelid Anterior surface of eyelid Palpebronasal fold Posterior surface of eyelid Palpebral fissure Lateral palpebral commissure Check ligament of lateral rectus muscle Common tendinous ring Common anular tendon; Anulus of Zinn Superior oblique muscle Trochlea Tendinous sheath of superior oblique muscle Inferior oblique muscle Levator palpebrae superioris muscle Superficial layer Deep layer Superior tarsal muscle; Müller's muscle Eyebrow Eyelids Superior eyelid Upper eyelid Inferior eyelid Lower eyelid Anterior surface of eyelid Palpebronasal fold Medial canthic fold Posterior surface of eyelid Palpebral fissure Lateral palpebral commissure Medial palpebral commissure Medial palpebral commissure Lateral angle of eye Medial angle of eye Anterior palpebral margin Posterior palpebral margin Eyelashes Ciliary sebaceous gland Dermis of eyelid Superior tarsus Inferior tarsus Lateral palpebral ligament Medial palpebral ligament Anterior attachment Posterior attachment Tarsal sebaceous gland Ciliary gland Lateral angle of eye Medial angle of eye Anterior palpebral margin Posterior palpebral margin Eyelashes Ciliary sebaceous gland Dermis of eyelid Superior tarsus Inferior tarsus Lateral palpebral ligament Medial palpebral ligament Anterior attachment Posterior attachment Tarsal sebaceous gland Ciliary gland Superior tarsal muscle Inferior tarsal muscle Conjunctiva Plica semilunaris Lacrimal caruncle Bublar conjunctiva Palpebral conjunctiva Superior conjunctival fornix Inferior conjunctival fornix Conjunctival sac Superior tarsal muscle Inferior tarsal muscle Conjunctiva Plica semilunaris Lacrimal caruncle Bublar conjunctiva Palpebral conjunctiva Superior conjunctival fornix Inferior conjunctival fornix Conjunctival sac Eponym: (Anulus of) Zinn. Muscle added. The smooth muscle fibres of the Deep layer are also known as the Musculus tarsalis superior (of Müller). Lateral canthus of eye Medial canthus of eye Glands of Zeis Corium of eyelid English term in plural to be consistent with Latin. Eponym: (Gland of) Zeis. Added from TH. Lateral canthic ligament Medial canthic ligament Latin and English synonym added. Ibid.; the Ligamentum palpebrale mediale is divided into two parts by the Saccus lacrimalis. Glands of Moll Palpebral sweat gland; Glands of Moll Müller's muscle Eponym: (Gland of) Meibom. Eponym: (Gland of) Moll. Eponym: (Muscle of) Müller. Glandulae conjunctivales Conjunctival glands Conjunctival glands Epithelium stratificatum squamosum noncornificatum tunicae conjunctivae Exocrinocytus caliciformis Tela subconjunctivalis Apparatus lacrimalis Glandula lacrimalis Pars orbitalis Pars palpebralis Acinus lacrimalis Lacrimocytus Nonkeratinized squamous epithelium of conjunctiva Nonkeratinized squamous epithelium of conjunctiva (Glandula lacrimalis accessoria) Goblet cell Subconjunctival layer Lacrimal apparatus Lacrimal gland Orbital part Palpebral part Lacrimal acinus Secretory cell of lacrimal gland Myo-epithelial cell of lacrimal gland Intralobular duct of lacrimal gland Interlobular duct of lacrimal gland Excretory duct of lacrimal gland (Accessory lacrimal gland) Rivus lacrimalis Lacus lacrimalis Papilla lacrimalis Punctum lacrimale Canaliculus lacrimalis communis Lacrimal pathway Lacus lacrimalis Lacrimal papilla Lacrimal punctum Common lacrimal canaliculus Goblet cell Subconjunctival layer Lacrimal apparatus Lacrimal gland Orbital part Palpebral part Lacrimal acinus Secretory cell of lacrimal gland Myoepithelial cell of lacrimal gland Intralobular duct of lacrimal gland Interlobular duct of lacrimal gland Excretory duct of lacrimal gland (Accessory lacrimal gland) Glands of Krause; Glands of Wolfring Lacrimal pathway Lacus lacrimalis Lacrimal lake Lacrimal papilla Lacrimal punctum Common lacrimal canaliculus Canaliculus lacimalis superior Ampulla canaliculi lacrimalis superioris Canaliculus lacrimalis inferior Ampulla canaliculi lacrimalis inferioris Saccus lacrimalis Fornix sacci lacrimalis Ductus nasolacrimalis Plica lacrimalis Superior lacrimal canaliculus Ampulla of superior lacrimal canaliculus Inferior lacrimal canaliculus Ampulla of inferior lacrimal canaliculus Lacrimal sac Fornix of lacrimal sac Nasolacrimal fold Lacrimal fold Superior lacrimal canaliculus Ampulla of superior lacrimal canaliculus Inferior lacrimal canaliculus Ampulla of inferior lacrimal canaliculus Lacrimal sac Fornix of lacrimal sac Nasolacrimal fold Lacrimal fold Auris AURIS EXTERNA Auricula Lobulus auriculae Cartilago auriculae Helix Crus helicis Spina helicis Cauda helicis Antihelix Fossa triangularis Crura antihelicis Ear EXTERNAL EAR Auricle Lobule of auricle Auricular cartilage Helix Crus of helix Spine of helix Tail of helix Antihelix Triangular fossa Crura of antihelix Ear EXTERNAL EAR Auricle Lobule of auricle Auricular cartilage Helix Crus of helix Spine of helix Tail of helix Antihelix Triangular fossa Crura of antihelix Myoepitheliocytus lacrimalis Ductus intralobularis glandulae lacrimalis Ductus interlobularis glandulae lacrimalis Ductus excretorius Glands of Krause; Glands of Henle Histological terms from TH added to TA. Term completed (suggested by David Kachlik, Prague). Each Palpebra contains a Canaliculus lacrimalis, often they combine to a Canaliculus lacrimalis communis before emptying into the Saccus lacrimalis. Sinus of Maier Eponym: (Sinus of) Maier. Fold or valve of Hasner; Hasner's valve Eponym: (Fold or Valve of) Hasner. Pinna Lobe of ear Scapha Concha auriculae Cymba conchae Cavitas conchae Cavum conchae Antitragus Tragus Incisura anterior Incisura intertragica (Tuberculum auriculare) (Apex auriculae) Sulcus posterior auriculae (Tuberculum supratragicum) Isthmus cartilaginis auricularis Incisura terminalis auricularis Fissura antitragohelicina Sulcus crusis helicis Fossa antihelica Eminentia conchae Eminentia scaphae Eminentia fossae tirangularis Ligamenta auricularia Ligamentum auriculare anterius Ligamentum auriculare superius Ligamentum auriculare posterius Scapha Concha of auricle Cymba conchae Cavity of concha Antitragus Tragus Anterior notch Intertragic incisure (Auricular tubercle) (Apex of auricle) Posterior auricular groove (Supratragic tubercle) Isthmus of cartilaginous auricle Terminal notch of auricle Fissura antitragohelicina Groove of crus of helix Fossa antihelica Eminentia conchae Eminentia scaphae Eminentia fossae triangularis Ligaments of auricle Anterior ligament of auricle Superior ligament of auricle Posterior ligament of auricle Scapha Concha of auricle Cymba conchae Cavity of concha Antitragus Tragus Anterior notch Intertragic incisure (Auricular tubercle) (Apex of auricle) Posterior auricular groove (Supratragic tubercle) Isthmus of cartilaginous auricle Terminal notch of auricle Fissura antitragohelicina Groove of crus of helix Fossa antihelica Eminentia conchae Eminentia scaphae Eminentia fossae triangularis Ligaments of auricle Anterior ligament of auricle Superior ligament of auricle Posterior ligament of auricle Musculi auriculares Musculus helicis major Musculus helicis minor Musculus tragicus (Musculus incisurae terminalis) Musculus pyramidalis auriculae Musculus antitragicus Musculus transversus auriculae Musculus obliquus auriculae Meatus acusticus externus Porus acusticus externus Incisura tympanica Meatus acusticus externus cartilagineus Cartilago meatus acustici Incisurae cartilaginis meatus acustici Isthmus meatus acustici externi Auricular muscles Helicis major muscle Helicis minor muscle Tragicus muscle (Muscle of terminal notch) Pyramidal muscle of auricle Antitragicus muscle Transverse muscle of auricle Oblique muscle of auricle External acoustic meatus External acoustic pore Tympanic notch Cartilaginous external acoustic meatus Cartilage of acoustic meatus Fissures in cartilage of acoustic meatus Isthmus of external acoustic meatus Tragal lamina Ceruminous gland Secretory cell Cerumen Fusiform myo-epithelial cell Sebaceous gland Tympanic membrane Auricular muscles Helicis major muscle Helicis minor muscle Tragicus muscle (Muscle of terminal notch) Pyramidal muscle of auricle Antitragicus muscle Transverse muscle of auricle Oblique muscle of auricle External acoustic meatus External acoustic pore Tympanic notch Cartilaginous external acoustic meatus Cartilage of acoustic meatus Fissures in cartilage of acoustic meatus Isthmus of external acoustic meatus Tragal lamina Ceruminous gland Secretory cell Cerumen Fusiform myoepithelial cell Sebaceous gland Tympanic membrane Lamina tragi Glandula ceruminosa Ceruminocytus Cerumen Myoepitheliocytus fusiformis Glandula sebacea Membrana tympani Intertragic notch Darwin's tubercle (Tip of ear) Antithelical fossa Conchal eminence Scaphoid eminence Triangular fossa eminence Ligament of Valsalva Santorini's muscle External acoustic aperture Rivinus' notch Fissures of Santorini New term; the Isthmus meatus acustici externi is the narrowest part of the External acoustic meatus, located at the junction of the Meatus acusticus externus cartilagineus and the bony part. TH terms on Glandula ceruminosa added. TH term added. Rivinus' membrane Pars flaccida Pars tensa Plica mallearis anterior Plica mallearis posterior Prominentia mallearis Stria mallearis Umbo membranae tympanicae Anulus fibrocartilagineus Laminae Stratum mucosum membranae tympani Stratum fibrosum membranae tympani Fibra circularis interna Fibra radiata externa Stratum cutaneum membranae tympani AURIS MEDIA Cavitas tympani Cavum tympani Divisio Recessus epitympanicus Pars epitympanica Pars flaccida Pars tensa Anterior mallear fold Posterior mallear fold Mallear prominence Mallear stria Umbo of tympanic membrane Fibrocartilaginous ring Layers Mucosal layer of tympanic membrane Fibrous layer of tympanic membrane Internal circular fibre External radiating fibre Cutaneous layer of tympanic membrane MIDDLE EAR Tympanic cavity Subdivision Epitympanic recess Pars flaccida Pars tensa Anterior mallear fold Posterior mallear fold Mallear prominence Mallear stria Umbo of tympanic membrane Fibrocartilaginous ring Layers Mucosal layer of tympanic membrane Fibrous layer of tympanic membrane Internal circular fiber External radiating fiber Cutaneous layer of tympanic membrane MIDDLE EAR Tympanic cavity Subdivision Epitympanic recess Pars cupularis Cavitas tympani propria Pars mesotympanica Cupular part Tympanic cavity proper Recessus hypotympanicus Pars hypotympanica Protympanum Paries Paries tegmentalis Paries jugularis Apertura tympanica canalis nervi petrosi minoris Prominentia styloidea Paries labyrinthicus Fenestra vestibuli Fossula fenestrae vestibuli Promontorium tympani Tegmen tympani Shrapnell's membrane Anterior malleolar fold Posterior malleolar fold Malleolar prominence Malleolar stria Heading Laminae added; histological terms added from TH. Epitympanum In ENT Surgery, the terms Epitympanum, Mesotympanum, Hypotympanum and Protympanum are used (suggested by Matthew Carlson, Rochester, MN). Cupular part Tympanic cavity proper Mesotympanum Hypotympanic recess Hypotympanic recess Hypotympanum Protympanum Walls Tegmental wall Jugular part Tympanic aperture of lesser petrosal nerve canal Styloid prominence Labyrinthine wall Vestibular window Fossa of vestibular window Protympanum Walls Tegmental wall Jugular part Tympanic aperture of lesser petrosal nerve canal Styloid prominence Labyrinthine wall Vestibular window Fossa of vestibular window In ENT Surgery, the terms Epitympanum, Mesotympanum, Hypotympanum and Protympanum are used (suggested by Matthew Carlson, Rochester, MN). In ENT Surgery, the terms Epitympanum, Mesotympanum, Hypotympanum and Protympanum are used (suggested by Matthew Carlson, Rochester, MN). #NAME? Promontory of tympanic cavity Tegmental roof; Tegmen tympani Floor New term added. Medial wall Oval window Fossa of oval window; Oval window niche Promontory of tympanic cavity Sulcus promontorii Subiculum promontorii Ponticulus promontorii Groove of promontory Subiculum of promontory Ponticle of promontory Groove of promontory Subiculum of promontory Ponticle of promontory Sinus tympani Fenestra cochleae Fossula fenestrae cochleae Sinus tympani Cochlear window Fossa of cochlear window Sinus tympani Cochlear window Fossa of cochlear window Crista fenestrae cochleae Processus cochleariformis Membrana tympanica secundaria Crest of cochlear window Crest of cochlear window Processus cochleariformis Processus cochleariformis Secondary tympanic membrane Secondary tympanic membrane Term Tegmen tympani added. Tympani added to differentiate from Promontorium of pelvis. Ponticulus promontorii is a thin bony bridge from the Eminentia pyramidalis to the Promontorium (from Lang J 1992 Klinische Anatomie des Ohres. Springer, Wien - New York). Round window Fossa of round window; Round window niche Crest of round window Paries mastoideus Aditus ad antrum mastoideum Prominentia canalis semicircularis lateralis Prominentia canalis facialis Eminentia pyramidalis Fossa incudis Sinus posterior Aperturae tympanicae canaliculi chordae tympani Mastoid wall Aditus to mastoid antrum Prominence of lateral semicircular canal Prominence of facial canal Pyramidal eminence Fossa of incus Posterior sinus Tympanic apertures of canaliculus for chorda tympani Apertura tympanica canaliculi chordae tympani posterior Posterior aperture of chorda Posterior aperture of chorda tympani canaliculus tympani canaliculus Apertura tympanica canaliculi chordae tympani anterior Anterior aperture of chorda tympani canaliculus Antrum mastoideum Cellulae mastoideae Cellulae tympanicae Paries caroticus Paries membranaceus Ossa auditiva Stapes Caput stapedis Crus anterius Crus posterius Basis stapedis Incus Corpus incudis Crus longum Processus lenticularis Crus breve Malleus Manubrium mallei Processus spatulatis Caput mallei Collum mallei Processus lateralis Processus anterior Articulationes ossa auditiva Articulatio incudomallearis Articulatio incudostapedialis Syndesmosis tympanostapedialis Mastoid antrum Mastoid cells Tympanic cells Carotid wall Membranous wall Ossicula auditoria; Ossicula Auditory ossicles auditus Stapes Head of stapes Anterior limb Posterior limb Base of stapes Incus Body of incus Long limb Lenticular process Short limb Malleus Handle of malleus Spatulate process Articulationes ossiculorum auditoriorum; Articulationes ossiculorum auditus Mastoid wall Aditus to mastoid antrum Prominence of lateral semicircular canal Prominence of facial canal Pyramidal eminence Fossa of incus Posterior sinus Tympanic apertures of canaliculus for chorda tympani Posterior wall The Chorda tympani passes from the Facial canal through the Posterior tympanic canaliculus to enter the Tympanic cavity via the Apertura tympanica canaliculi chordae tympani posterioris; via the Apertura tympanica canaliculi chordae tympani anterioris, the Chorda tympani enters the Anterior tympanic canaliculus (see also A02.1.06.011 Canaliculi chordae tympani). English term simplified. Anterior aperture of chorda tympani canaliculus Mastoid antrum Mastoid cells Tympanic cells Carotid wall Membranous wall Auditory ossicles Stapes Head of stapes Anterior limb Posterior limb Base of stapes Incus Body of incus Long limb Lenticular process Short limb Malleus Handle of malleus Spatulate process Head of malleus Neck of malleus Lateral process Anterior process Articulations of auditory ossicles Head of malleus Neck of malleus Lateral process Anterior process Articulations of auditory ossicles Incudomallear joint Incudostapedial joint Tympanostapedial syndesmosis Incudomallear joint Incudostapedial joint Tympanostapedial syndesmosis Ibid. Lateral wall Capitulum Footplate Long process Manubrium A circular (spatulate) process at the end of the Handle, with a ligamentous attachment to the Pars tensa at this point. Folian process; Rau's process Ligamenta ossa auditiva Ligamentum mallei anterius Ligamentum mallei superius Ligamentum mallei laterale Ligamentum incudis superius Ligamentum incudis posterius Membrana stapedialis Ligamentum anulare stapediale Musculi ossa auditiva Ligamenta ossiculorum auditoriorum; Ligamenta ossiculorum auditus Ligaments of auditory ossicles Ligaments of auditory ossicles Anterior ligament of malleus Superior ligament of malleus Lateral ligament of malleus Superior ligament of incus Posterior ligament of incus Stapedial membrane Anular ligament of stapes Muscles of auditory ossicles Anterior ligament of malleus Superior ligament of malleus Lateral ligament of malleus Superior ligament of incus Posterior ligament of incus Stapedial membrane Anular ligament of stapes Muscles of auditory ossicles Casserio's ligament Tensor tympani muscle Stapedius muscle Mucosa of tympanic cavity Tensor tympani muscle Stapedius muscle Mucosa of tympanic cavity Eustachian muscle Plica chordae tympani Recessus membranae tympanicae Posterior fold of malleus Posterior mallear fold; Posterior malleal fold Anterior fold of malleus Anterior mallear fold; Anterior malleal fold Fold of chorda tympani Recesses of tympanic membrane Posterior fold of malleus Posterior mallear fold; Posterior malleal fold Anterior fold of malleus Anterior mallear fold; Anterior malleal fold Fold of chorda tympani Recesses of tympanic membrane Recessus anterior Anterior recess Anterior recess Recessus superior Recessus posterior Plica incudis Plica stapedia Tuba auditiva Superior recess Posterior recess Fold of incus Fold of stapedius Auditory tube Superior recess Posterior recess Fold of incus Fold of stapedius Auditory tube Tympanic opening of auditory tube Bony part Isthmus of auditory tube Tubal air cells Mucosa Simple columnar epithelium of auditory tube Ciliated epithelial cell Cartilaginous part Cartilage of auditory tube Medial lamina Lateral lamina Membranous lamina Tympanic opening of auditory tube Bony part Protympanum Isthmus of auditory tube Tubal air cells Mucosa Mucous membrane Simple columnar epithelium of auditory tube Ciliated epithelial cell Cartilaginous part Cartilage of auditory tube Medial lamina Lateral lamina Membranous lamina Musculi ossiculorum auditoriorum; Musculi ossiculorum auditus Musculus tensor tympani Musculus stapedius Tunica mucosa cavitatis tympanicae Plica mallearis posterior Plica mallearis anterior Ostium tympanicum tubae auditivae Pars ossea Isthmus tubae auditivae Cellulae pneumaticae Tunica mucosa Epithelium simplex columnare tubae auditivae Epitheliocytus ciliatus Pars cartilaginae Cartilago tubae auditivae Lamina medialis Lamina lateralis Lamina membranacea Tuba auditoria Ostium tympanicum tubae auditoriae Protympanum Isthmus tubae auditoriae Cartilago tubae auditoriae For the Anterior and Posterior recesses sometimes the eponym Troeltsch is used. Eponym: (Space of) Prussak. Eustachian tube; Pharyngotympanic tube Tuba auditiva translates to auditory tube (see A02.1.05.041 and A05.3.01.011). Histological terms added from TH. Corpus adiposum tubae auditivae Corpus adiposum tubae auditoriae Fat body of the auditory tube Tunica mucosa Epithelium pseudostratificatum tubae auditivae Mucosa Mucosa Pseudostratified epithelium of Pseudostratified epithelium of auditory tube auditory tube Epitheliocytus ciliatus Glandulae tubariae Ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae AURIS INTERNA Organum vestibulocochleare Labyrinthus osseus Vestibulum Recessus ellipticus Apertura interna canaliculi vestibuli Crista vestibuli Pyramis vestibuli Recessus sphericus Recessus cochlearis Maculae cribrosae Macula cribrosa superior Ciliated epithelial cell Ciliated epithelial cell Tubal glands Tubal glands Pharyngeal opening of auditory Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube tube INTERNAL EAR INTERNAL EAR Vestibulocochlear organ Vestibulocochlear organ Bony labyrinth Bony labyrinth Vestibule Vestibule Elliptical recess Elliptical recess Internal opening of vestibular Internal opening of vestibular canaliculus canaliculus Vestibular crest Vestibular crest Pyramid of vestibule Pyramid of vestibule Spherical recess Spherical recess Cochlear recess Cochlear recess Maculae cribrosae Maculae cribrosae Macula cribrosa superior Macula cribrosa superior Macula cribrosa media Macula cribrosa inferior Canales semicirculares Canalis semicircularis anterior Ampulla ossea anterior Canalis semicircularis posterior Ampulla ossea posterior Crus osseum commune Crura ossea ampullaria Canalis semicircularis lateralis Ampulla ossea lateralis Crus osseum simplex Cochlea Cupula cochleae Basis cochleae Canalis spiralis cochleae Lamina spiralis cochleae Lamella vestibularis Lamella tympanica Foramen nervosum Hamulus laminae spiralis Lamina spiralis secundaria Apertura interna canaliculi cochleae Septum cochleae Ostium pharyngeum tubae auditoriae Recessus utricularis Recessus saccularis Macula cribrosa media Macula cribosa inferior Semicircular canals Anterior semicircular canal Anterior bony ampulla Posterior semicircular canal Posterior bony ampulla Common bony limb Ampullary bony limbs Lateral semicircular canal Lateral bony ampulla Simple bony limb Cochlea Cochlear cupula Base of cochlea Spiral canal of cochlea Osseous spiral lamina Vestibular lamella Tympanic lamella Foramen nervosum Hamulus of spiral lamina Secondary spiral lamina Internal opening of cochlear canaliculus Cochlear septum Fat body of the auditory tube Macula cribrosa media Macula cribosa inferior Semicircular canals Anterior semicircular canal Anterior bony ampulla Posterior semicircular canal Posterior bony ampulla Common bony limb Ampullary bony limbs Lateral semicircular canal Lateral bony ampulla Simple bony limb Cochlea Cochlear cupula Base of cochlea Spiral canal of cochlea Osseous spiral lamina Vestibular lamella Tympanic lamella Foramen nervosum Hamulus of spiral lamina Secondary spiral lamina Internal opening of cochlear canaliculus Cochlear septum Latin synonym added (suggested by Roberto Fadda, Ferrara); New term; the Corpus adiposum tubae auditivae (of Ostmann) is a triangular fat pad mediocaudal to the Tuba auditiva and laterocranial to the Musculus tensor veli palatini. It is thought to be important in normal closure of the tube, preventing transmission of nasopharyngeal pressure in the middle ear cavity. Mucous membrane Histological terms added from TH. Utricular recess Saccular recess In ENT Surgery, the Macula cribrosa superior is known as 'Mike's dot' (after Michael E. Glasscock). It is an important landmark for translabyrinthine resection of an acoustic neurinoma. Foramen of Morgagni Modiolus cochleae Basis modioli Lamina modioli Canalis spiralis modioli Canales longitudinales modioli Modiolus Base of modiolus Lamina of modiolus Spiral canal of modiolus Longitudinal canals of modiolus Modiolus Base of modiolus Lamina of modiolus Spiral canal of modiolus Longitudinal canals of modiolus Scala vestibuli Helicotrema Scala tympani Meatus acusticus internus Scala vestibuli Helicotrema Scala tympani Internal acoustic meatus Scala vestibuli Helicotrema Scala tympani Internal acoustic meatus Porus acusticus internus Fundus meatus acustici interni Crista transversa Area nervi facialis Crista verticalis Internal acoustic opening Fundus of internal acoustic meatus Transverse crest Facial area Vertical crest Internal acoustic opening Fundus of internal acoustic meatus Transverse crest Facial area Vertical crest Area vestibularis superior Area vestibularis inferior Foramen singulare Area cochlearis Area cochleae Tractus spiralis foraminosus Spatium perilymphaticum Textus reticularis laxus perilymphaticus Trabecula perilymphatica Perilympha Aqueductus vestibuli Aqueductus cochleae Labyrinthus membranaceus Spatium endolymphaticum Endolympha Labyrinthus vestibularis Utriculus Recessus utricularis Recessus utriculi Sacculus Ductus semicirculares Ductus semicircularis anterior Ampulla membranacea Ductus semicircularis posterior Ampulla membranacea posterior Superior vestibular area Inferior vestibular area Foramen singulare Cochlear area Tractus spiralis foraminosus Perilymphatic space Loose reticular perilymphatic tissue Perilymphatic trabecula Perilymph Vestibular aqueduct Cochlear aqueduct Membranous labyrinth Endolymphatic space Endolymph Vestibular labyrinth Utricle Utricular recess Saccule Semicircular ducts Anterior semicircular duct Anterior membranous ampulla Posterior semicircular duct Posterior membranous ampulla Superior vestibular area Inferior vestibular area Foramen singulare Cochlear area Tractus spiralis foraminosus Perilymphatic space Loose reticular perilymphatic tissue Perilymphatic trabecula Perilymph Vestibular aqueduct Cochlear aqueduct Membranous labyrinth Endolymphatic space Endolymph Vestibular labyrinth Utricle Utricular recess Saccule Semicircular ducts Anterior semicircular duct Anterior membranous ampulla Posterior semicircular duct Posterior membranous ampulla Crus membranaceum commune Crura membranacea ampullaria Ductus semicircularis lateralis Ampulla membranacea lateralis Crus membranaceum simplex Typi cellularum Common membranous limb Ampullary membranous limbs Lateral semicircular duct Lateral membranous ampulla Simple membranous limb Cell types Common membranous limb Ampullary membranous limbs Lateral semicircular duct Lateral membranous ampulla Simple membranous limb Cell types Canal of Rosenthal Scarpa's orifice Internal auditory meatus, internal auditory canal, internal acoustic canal Bill's bar In ENT Surgery, the Crista verticalis is known as 'Bill's bar' (after William House). It separates the Superior portion of the meatus into an anterior channel for the Facial nerve and a posterior channel for the Superior vestibular nerve. Histological terms added from TH. Membranous semicircular ducts Heading Typi cellularum and histological terms from TH added. Vestibulocytus Kinocilium vestibulocyti Cellula sensoria pilosa Stereocilium vestibulocyti Vincula stereocilii Vinculum apicale Vinculum laterale Lamina cuticularis apicalis Vestibulocytus typi I Vestibulocytus piriformis Calyx nervosus afferens Vestibulocytus typi II Vestibulocytus columnaris Vestibulocytus sustenans Ductus utriculosaccularis Ductus utricularis Ductus saccularis Ductus endolymphaticus Saccus endolymphaticus Ductus reuniens Membrana nonsensoria labyrinthi Epithelium simplex cuboideum membranae nonsensoriae labyrinthi Cellula obscura sacci endolymphatici Cellula clara sacci endolymphatici Stratum vasculare laxum Stratum fibrosum externum Maculae Macula utriculi Macula sacculi Membrana statoconiorum Stratum externum membranae statoconiorum Statoconium Stratum internum gelatinosum membranae statoconiorum Striola Crista ampullaris Sulcus ampullaris Cupula ampullaris Planum semilunatum Labyrinthus cochlearis Scala media Ductus cochlearis Paries vestibularis Membrana vestibularis Epithelium simplex squamosum membranae vestibularis Vestibular hair cell Kinocilium of vestibular hair cell Stereocilium of vestibular hair cell Stereociliar links Tip link Side link Apical cuticular plate Type 1 vestibular hair cell Afferent nerve calyx Type 2 vestibular hair cell Vestibular supporting cell Utriculosaccular duct Utricular duct Saccular duct Endolymphatic duct Endolymphatic sac Ductus reuniens Unspecialized surface Vestibular hair cell Kinocilium of vestibular hair cell Stereocilium of vestibular hair cell Stereociliar links Tip link Side link Apical cuticular plate Type 1 vestibular hair cell Afferent nerve calyx Type 2 vestibular hair cell Vestibular supporting cell Utriculosaccular duct Utricular duct Saccular duct Endolymphatic duct Endolymphatic sac Ductus reuniens Unspecialized surface Vestibular sensory cell Type 1 vestibular sensory cell Typi added. Type 2 vestibulae sensory cell Ibid. Hensen's duct Histological terms from TH added. Simple cuboidal epithelium of Simple cuboidal epithelium of unspecialized surface of unspecialized surface of labyrinth labyrinth Dark cell of endolymphatic sac Dark cell of endolymphatic sac Clear cell of endolymphatic sac Loose vascular layer Outer fibrous layer Maculae Macula of utricle Macula of saccule Statoconial membrane Outer sheath of statoconial membrane Statoconium Inner sheath of statoconial membrane Striola Ampullary crest Ampullary groove Ampullary cupula Planum semilunatum Cochlear labyrinth Scala media Cochlear duct Vestibular surface Vestibular membrane Simple squamous epithelium of vestibular membrane Clear cell of endolymphatic sac Loose vascular layer Outer fibrous layer Maculae Macula of utricle Macula of saccule Statoconial membrane Outer sheath of statoconial membrane Statoconium Inner sheath of statoconial membrane Striola Ampullary crest Ampullary groove Ampullary cupula Planum semilunatum Cochlear labyrinth Scala media Cochlear duct Vestibular surface Vestibular membrane Simple squamous epithelium of vestibular membrane Otolithic membrane Otolith Gelatinous layer of statoconial membrane Histological term from TH added. Scala media Reissner's canal Reissner's membrane Eponym: (Membrane of) Reissner. Histological terms added from TH. Lamina propria membranae vestibularis Lamina cellularum squamosarum vestibularium Paries externus Stria vascularis Epithelium marginale striae vascularis Cellula marginalis striae vascularis Cellula melanocytica intermedia striae vascularis Granulum melanini Cellula basalis striae vascularis Plexus capillaris striae vascularis Prominentia spiralis Vas prominens Ligamentum spiralis Fibrocytus typi I ligamenti spiralis Fibrocytus typi II ligamenti spiralis Fibrocytus typi III ligamenti spiralis Paries tympanicus Membrana spiralis Crista basilaris Crista spiralis Lamina basilaris Vas spirale Foramen nervosum Habenula perforata Limbus spiralis Labium limbi tympanicum Labium limbi vestibulare Dentes acustici Epitheliocytus interdentalis Membrana tectoria Caecum vestibulare Caecum cupulare Organum spirale Sulcus spiralis internus Epitheliocytus sustenans internus Lamina propria of vestibular membrane Vestibular squamous cell layer External surface Stria vascularis Marginal epithelium of stria vascularis Marginal cell of stria vascularis Intermediate melanocyte of stria vascularis Melanin granule Basal cell of stria vascularis Capillary plexus of stria vascularis Spiral prominence Vas prominens Spiral ligament Type 1 fibrocyte of spiral ligament Type 2 fibrocyte of spiral ligament Type 3 fibrocyte of spiral ligament Tympanic surface Basal crest Basal lamina Vas spirale Nervous foramen Habenula perforata Spiral limbus Tympanic lip Vestibular lip Acoustic teeth Interdental cell Tectorial membrane Vestibular caecum Cupular caecum Spiral organ Inner spiral sulcus Internal supporting cell Lamina propria of vestibular membrane Vestibular squamous cell layer External surface Stria vascularis Marginal epithelium of stria vascularis Marginal cell of stria vascularis Intermediate melanocyte of stria vascularis Melanin granule Basal cell of stria vascularis Capillary plexus of stria vascularis Spiral prominence Vas prominens Spiral ligament Type 1 fibrocyte of spiral ligament Type 2 fibrocyte of spiral ligament Type 3 fibrocyte of spiral ligament Tympanic surface Basal crest Basal lamina Vas spirale Nervous foramen Habenula perforata Spiral limbus Tympanic lip Vestibular lip Acoustic teeth Interdental cell Tectorial membrane Vestibular cecum Cupular cecum Spiral organ Inner spiral sulcus Internal supporting cell Epitheliocytus limitans internus Epitheliocytus internus pilae Epitheliocytus externus pilae Crus epitheliocyti pilae Scapus epitheliocyti pilae Caput epitheliocyti pilae Internal limiting cell Internal pilar epithelial cell External pilar epithelial cell Crus of pilar cell Rod of pilar cell Head of pilar cell Internal limiting cell Internal pilar epithelial cell External pilar epithelial cell Crus of pilar cell Rod of pilar cell Head of pilar cell Cuniculus internus Inner tunnel Inner tunnel Spiral membrane Spiral crest Basilar membrane Histological terms added from TH. Added from TH; in TA under Cochlea. Organ of Corti Histological terms from TH added. Eponym: (Tunnel of) Corti. Epitheliocytus phalangeus internus Epitheliocytus phalangeus externus Processus phalangealis Cuniculus externus Epitheliocytus columnaris limitans externus Epitheliocytus columnaris sustenans externus Epitheliocytus glandularis externus basalis Epitheliocytus cuboideus sustenans externus Sulcus spiralis externus Cellula radicularis cochleae Membrana reticularis Cochleocytus Lamina cuticularis Stereocylium cochleocyti Ordo stereociliorum Vincula stereocilii Vinculum apicale Vinculum laterale Vinculum interordinale Vinculum adhesionis cum membrana tectoria Lamina insertionis vinculorum Cochleocytus internus Cochleocytus externus Cisterna subsynaptica Cuniculus intermedius Ganglion cochleare Neuron bipolare ganglii cochlearis Perikaryon nonmyelinatum Perikaryon myelinatum Gliocytus ganglionicus ganglii cochlearis Neurofibra radialis ganglii cochlearis Neurofibra basilaris ganglii cochlearis Neurofibra spiralis Fasciculus spiralis internus Fasciculus spiralis externus Ganglion vestibulare Neuron bipolare ganglii vestibularis Neuron magnum ganglii vestibularis Ganglion spirale Neuron bipolare ganglii spiralis Gliocytus ganglionicus ganglii spiralis Neurofibra radialis ganglii spiralis Neurofibra basilaris ganglii spiralis Internal phalangeal epithelial cell External phalangeal epithelial cell Phalangeal process External tunnel Columnar external limiting cell Internal phalangeal epithelial cell Columnar external supporting cell Basal external glandular cell Columnar external supporting cell Eponym: (Supporting cell of) Hensen. Basal external glandular cell Eponym: (Glandular cell of) Boettcher. Cuboidal external supporting cell Outer spiral sulcus Root cell of cochlea Reticular membrane Cochlear hair cell Cuticular plate Stereocilium of cochlear hair cell Row of stereocilia Stereociliar links Tip link Side link Interrow link Attachment link with tectorial membrane Insertion plaque Cuboidal external supporting cell Eponym: (Supporting cell of) Claudius. Outer spiral sulcus Root cell of cochlea Reticular membrane Cochlear hair cell Cuticular plate Stereocilium of cochlear hair cell Row of stereocilia Stereociliar links Tip link Side link Interrow link Attachment link with tectorial membrane Insertion plaque Histological term from TH added. Inner hair cell Outer hair cell Subsynaptic cisterna Pilar-hair cell space Cochlear ganglion Bipolar neuron of cochlear ganglion Nonmyelinated perikaryon Myelinated perikaryon Satellite cell of cochlear ganglion Radial fibre of cochlear ganglion Basilar fibre of cochlear ganglion Spiral fibre Inner spiral bundle Outer spiral bundle Vestibular ganglion Bipolar neuron of vestibular ganglion Large neuron of vestibular ganglion External phalangeal epithelial cell Eponym: (Epithelial cell of) Deiters. Phalangeal process External tunnel Columnar external limiting cell Inner hair cell Outer hair cell Subsynaptic cisterna Pilar-hair cell space Cochlear ganglion Bipolar neuron of cochlear ganglion Nonmyelinated perikaryon Myelinated perikaryon Satellite cell of cochlear ganglion Histological terms from TH added. Apical cuticle Row-to-row link Intermediate tunnel Spiral ganglion Bipolar neuron of spiral ganglion English synonym added (in line with the Latin term; eponym: (Space of) Nuel. TA term Ganglion cochleare as official term; TH terms added; eponym: (Ganglion of) Corti. Type II cell Type I cell Satellite cell of spiral ganglion Radial fiber of cochlear ganglion Radial fibre of spiral ganglio; Radial fiber of spiral ganglion Basilar fiber of cochlear ganglion Basilar fibre of spiral ganglion; Basilar fiber of spiral ganglion Spiral fiber Inner spiral bundle Outer spiral bundle Vestibular ganglion Bipolar neuron of vestibular ganglion Large neuron of vestibular ganglion Eponym: (Ganglion of) Scarpa. Here and below, English ganglion vestibulare corrected to vestibular ganglion. Neuron parvum ganglii vestibularis Gliocytus ganglionicus ganglii vestibularis Nervus vestibulocochlearis Nervus vestibularis Ramus communicans cochlearis Small neuron of vestibular ganglion Satellite cell of vestibular ganglion Vestibulocochlear nerve Vestibular nerve Cochlear communicating branch Small neuron of vestibular ganglion Satellite cell of vestibular ganglion Vestibulocochlear nerve Vestibular nerve Cochlear communicating branch Superior part Superior part Nervus utricularis Nervus ampullaris anterior Nervus ampullaris lateralis Pars inferior Nervus ampullaris posterior Nervus saccularis Nervus cochlearis Utricular nerve Anterior ampullary nerve Lateral ampullary nerve Inferior part Posterior ampullary nerve Saccular nerve Cochlear nerve Utricular nerve Anterior ampullary nerve Lateral ampullary nerve Inferior part Posterior ampullary nerve Saccular nerve Cochlear nerve Vasa sanguinea auris internae Arteriae labyrinthi Vessels of internal ear Labyrinthine arteries Vessels of internal ear Labyrinthine arteries Arteria vestibularis anterior Arteria vestibuli Arteria cochlearis communis Arteria vestibulocochlearis (Ramus vestibularis anterior) Ramus vestibularis posterior Ramus cochlearis Arteria cochlearis propria Arteria modioli spiralis Vena aqueductus vestibuli Venae ductuum semicicrularium Vena aqueductus cochleae Vena modioli communis Vena scalae vestibuli Vena scalae tympani Vena vestibulocochlearis Vena vestibularis anterior Vena vestibularis posterior Vena fenestrae cochleae Venae labyrinthi Organum gustatorium Organum gustus Caliculus gustatorius Gemma gustatoria Porus gustatorius Epitheliocytus gustatorius Anterior vestibular artery Common cochlear artery Vestibulocochlear artery (Anterior vestibular branch) Posterior vestibular branch Cochlear branch Proper cochlear artery Spiral modiolar artery Vein of vestibular aqueduct Veins of semicircular ducts Vein of cochlear aqueduct Common modiolar vein Vein of scala vestibuli Vein of scala tympani Vestibulocochlear vein Anterior vestibular vein Posterior vestibular vein Vein of cochlear window Labyrinthine veins Gustatory organ Taste bud Taste pore Gustatory epithelial cell Anterior vestibular artery Common cochlear artery Vestibulocochlear artery (Anterior vestibular branch) Epitheliocytus sensorius gustatorius typi I Epitheliocytus sensorius gustatorius typi II Type I gustatory sensory epithelial cell Type II gustatory sensory epithelial cell Type I gustatory sensory epithelial cell Type II gustatory sensory epithelial cell Pars superior Nervus utriculoampullaris Posterior vestibular branch Cochlear branch Proper cochlear artery Spiral modiolar artery Vein of vestibular aqueduct Veins of semicircular ducts Vein of cochlear aqueduct Common modiolar vein Vein of scala vestibuli Vein of scala tympani Vestibulocochlear vein Anterior vestibular vein Posterior vestibular vein Vein of cochlear window Labyrinthine veins Gustatory organ Taste bud Taste pore Gustatory epithelial cell Added from FIPAT-TNA.PNS, for completeness. Utriculo-ampullary nerve; Utriculoampullary nerve The Ramus communicans cochlearis contains the Efferent fibres for the Organ of Corti; eponym: (Anastomosis of) Oort. Related term: Nervus vestibularis superior. Related term: Nervus vestibularis inferior. Related term: Nervus vestibularis posterior. Internal auditory arteries Since there are often two Arteriae labyrinthi (Lang J 1992 Klinische Anatomie des Ohres. Springer, Vienna - New York), the TA singular is corrected to plural. Variable branch (see Lang 1992). A Taste bud contains three types of Sensory epithelial cells (Types I-III), Basal cells (Type IV) and Supporting, peripheral (Perigemmal) cells (Type V); see Benninghoff/Drenckhahn Anatomie 2004 16th ed, Band 2, pages 757/758. Typi added; 'Cellula obscura' (dark cell). Ibid.; 'Cellula clara' (clear cell). Epitheliocytus sensorius gustatorius typi III Epitheliocytus gustatorius typi IV Epitheliocytus gustatorius typi V Plexus subcalicularis neurofibrarum Neurofibra gustatoria Neurofibra perigemmalis Neurofibra intragemmalis Glandula gustatoria Integumentum commune Cutis Sulci cutis Cristae cutis Retinacula cutis Retinaculum caudale Toruli tactiles Lineae distractiones Epidermis Dermis Stratum papillare Papillae Stratum reticulare Pili Lanugo Capilli Supercilia Cilia Barba Tragi Vibrissae Hirci Pubes Folliculus pili Musculus arrector pili Flumina pilorum Vortices pilorum Cruces pilorum Glandulae cutis Glandula sudorifera Glandula sebacea Terminationes nervorum Fascia superficialis Stratum adiposum superficiale Stratum membranosum Stratum adiposum profundum Epitheliocytus basalis Epitheliocytus sustenans Corium Tela subcutanea Type III gustatory sensory Type III gustatory sensory epithelial cell epithelial cell Type IV gustatory epithelial Type IV gustatory epithelial cell Basal epithelial cell cell Type V gustatory epithelial cell Type V gustatory epithelial cell Supporting epithelial cell Subcalicular neurofibrillar plexus Gustatory neurofibre Perigemmal neurofibre Intragemmal neurofibre Gustatory gland The integument Skin Skin sulci Dermal ridges Skin ligaments Retinaculum caudale Tactile elevations Cleavage lines Epidermis Dermis Papillary layer Papillae Reticular layer Hairs Downy hair Hairs of head Eyebrows Eyelashes Beard Hairs of tragus Hairs of vestibule of nose Axillary hairs Pubic hairs Hair follicle Arrector pili muscle Hair streams Hair whorls Hair crosses Skin glands Sweat gland Sebaceous gland Nerve terminals Superficial fascia Subcalicular neurofibrillar plexus Superficial fatty layer Membranous layer Deep fatty layer Superficial fatty layer Membranous layer Deep fatty layer Gustatory neurofiber Perigemmal neurofiber Intragemmal neurofiber Gustatory gland The integument Skin Skin sulci Dermal ridges Skin ligaments Retinaculum caudale Tactile elevations Cleavage lines Epidermis Dermis Papillary layer Papillae Reticular layer Hairs Downy hair Hairs of head Eyebrows Eyelashes Beard Hairs of tragus Hairs of vestibule of nose Axillary hairs Pubic hairs Hair follicle Arrector pili muscle Hair streams Hair whorls Hair crosses Skin glands Sweat gland Sebaceous gland Nerve terminals Superficial fascia Ibid.; 'Cellula clara' (clear cell), the true Sensory cells. Typi added. Ibid. Eponym: (Gland of) von Ebner. Papillary ridges Tension lines; Langer's lines Corium Primary hair Arrector muscle of hair Subcutaneous tissue Superficial fascia has variable amounts of fatty and membranous components in all regions of the body. Herlin et al., 2015 Three-dimensional study of the skin/subcutaneous complex using in vivo whole body 3T MRI: review of the literature and confirmation of a generic pattern of organization. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 37:731-41. Fascia superficialis abdominis Tela subcutanea Superficial fascia of abdomen Superficial fascia of abdomen Subcutaneous tissue Stratum adiposum superficiale Stratum membranosum Stratum adiposum profundum Unguis Matrix unguis Vallum unguis Corpus unguis Lunula Margo occultus Margo lateralis Margo liber Perionyx Eponychium Hyponychium Mamma Sulcus intermammarius (Mamma accessoria) Papilla mammaria (Papilla mammaria accessoria) Corpus mammae Glandula mammaria Processus axillaris Lobi glandulae mammariae Lobuli glandulae mammariae Ductus lactiferi Sinus lactiferi Areola mammae Glandulae areolares Tubercula areolae Retinacula cutis mammae Panniculus adiposus Superficial fatty layer Membranous layer Deep fatty layer Nail Nail matrix Nail wall Body of nail Lunule Hidden border Lateral border Free border Perionyx Eponychium Hyponychium Breast Intermammary cleft (Accessory breast) Nipple (Accessory nipple) Body of breast Mammary gland Axillary process Lobes of mammary gland Lobules of mammary gland Lactiferous duct Lactiferous sinus Areola Areolar glands Areolar tubercles Suspensory retinacula of breast Superficial fatty layer Membranous layer Deep fatty layer Nail Nail matrix Nail wall Body of nail Lunule Hidden border Lateral border Free border Perionyx Eponychium Hyponychium Breast Intermammary cleft (Accessory breast) Nipple (Accessory nipple) Body of breast Mammary gland Axillary process Lobes of mammary gland Lobules of mammary gland Lactiferous duct Lactiferous sinus Areola Areolar glands Areolar tubercles Suspensory retinacula of breast Camper's fascia Scarpa's fascia Fascia superficialis Stratum adiposum superficialis Stratum musculosum Stratum fibrosum Stratum membranosum Textus connectivus laxus Processus lateralis Ligamenta suspensoria mammaria Tela subcutanea; Hypodermis Superficial fascia Panniculus adiposus Superficial fatty layer Muscle layer Fibrous layer Membranous layer Loose connective tissue Superficial fascia Superficial fatty layer Muscle layer Fibrous layer Membranous layer Loose connective tissue Superficial fascia has variable amounts of fatty and membranous components in all regions of the body. Herlin et al., 2015 Three-dimensional study of the skin/subcutaneous complex using in vivo whole body 3T MRI: review of the literature and confirmation of a generic pattern of organization. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 37:731-41. Accessory nipples are not uncommon and should be listed. Axillary tail; Tail of Spence Montgomery's glands Montgomery's tubercles Suspensory ligaments of breast; Cooper's ligaments Subcutaneous tissue Stecco, C. Functional Atlas of the Human Fascial System. 2015 p. 152 # Ian Whitmore suggests retention of previous "suspensory ligaments of breast" Superficial fascia has variable amounts of fatty and membranous components in all regions of the body. Herlin et al., 2015 Three-dimensional study of the skin/subcutaneous complex using in vivo whole body 3T MRI: review of the literature and confirmation of a generic pattern of organization. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 37:731-41.

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