Download WHI.13: The Renaissance

WHI.13: The Renaissance
The student will demonstrate knowledge of developments leading to the Renaissance in Europe in terms
of its impact on Western civilization by
a) identifying the economic foundations of the Renaissance;
b) sequencing events related to the rise of Italian city-states and their political development,
including Machiavelli’s theory of governing as described in The Prince;
c) citing artistic, literary, and philosophical creativity, as contrasted with the medieval period,
including Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Petrarch;
d) comparing the Italian and the Northern Renaissance, and citing the contributions of writers.
Notes
WHI.13: The Renaissance 157
Essential Understandings of The Renaissance
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The Crusades stimulated trade by introducing Europeans to many desirable products.
Trade promoted frequent contacts with the Byzantine and Muslim Empires.
New economic institutions developed.
Wealth accumulated from European trade with the Middle East led to the rise of Italian city-states.
Wealthy merchants were active civic leaders.
Machiavelli observed city-state rulers of his day and produced guidelines for the acquisition and
maintenance of power by absolute rule.
The Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature.
Patrons, wealthy from newly expanded trade, sponsored works which glorified city-states in northern
Italy. Education became increasingly secular.
With the rise of trade, travel and literacy, the Italian Renaissance spread to northern Europe. The art
and literature changed as people of different cultures adopted Renaissance ideas.
Essential Questions about The Renaissance
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
How did the Crusades stimulate trade between Europe and the Muslim Empire?
What were the economic foundations of the Italian Renaissance?
How did northern Italian cities benefit from their geographic location?
How did Italian city-states achieve importance and develop politically?
What were Machiavelli’s ideas about power?
How did the arts and literature of the Renaissance differ from those of the Middle Ages?
Who were prominent Italian Renaissance artists and writers?
How did classical knowledge of the ancient Greeks and Romans foster humanism in the Italian
Renaissance?
9. How did ideas of the Italian Renaissance change as they became adopted in northern Europe?
10. Who were important artists and writers of the Northern Renaissance?
Why do I need to know this?
1.
2.
Renaissance ideas about classical studies, art, and literature still influence modern thought.
Renaissance ideas such as the importance of the individual are a strong part of modern thought.
Notes
WHI.13: The Renaissance 158
Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance
Economic
Effects of
the Crusades
1. increased the demand for 1)Middle Eastern* products
2. stimulated the 2)production of goods* to trade in Middle Eastern markets
3. encouraged the use of 3)credit and banking*
a. Christians were not allowed to lend money with interest; helped 4)secularize*
northern Italy
b. letters of 5)credit* served to expand the supply of money and speed up trade
c. new accounting and bookkeeping practices (such as the use of Arabic numerals) were
introduced
Italy’s
Advantage
1.
6)
Renaissance
(p. 437)
– rebirth of art and learning; “birth” of the modern world
2. Italy’s three advantages that fostered the Renaissance
a. thriving
7)
b. a wealthy
cities
8)
(p. 437)
merchant
c. classical heritage of
(p. 437)
9)
class
Greece and Rome(p. 437)
 Renaissance scholars looked down on the art and literature of the Middle Ages
Italy’s Cities
1. three main cities –
2. had access to
10)
11)
Florence, Venice, and Genoa*
trade routes
* connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets
3. were initially independent city-states governed as
The Medici
Family
1.
13)
12)
republics*
merchants(p. 437) were the wealthiest, most powerful class, and they dominated politics
a. believed they deserved power and wealth
2.
14)
Florence
3.
15)
Cosmo de’ Medici
(p. 437)
came under the control of the Medici family
(p. 437)
was the wealthiest merchant of his time
a. rule Florence as a dictator for 30 years
4. although the Medici family did not foster true republican governments, they aided the
Renaissance by supporting the arts
Notes
WHI.13: The Renaissance 159
Notes
WHI.13: The Renaissance 160
Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance
Classical and
Worldly
Values
1. Classics Lead to
16)
Humanism
a. was supported by wealthy
17)
(p. 418)
– focused on human potential and achievements
patrons
(p. 418)
– people who spent huge
amounts of money on art and supported the artists
2. Enjoyment of Worldly Pleasures
a. humanists suggested that a person might enjoy life without offending God
b. the basic spirit of the Renaissance was
18)
secular
(p. 418)
– worldly and
concerned with the here and now
3. The Renaissance Man –
19)
a man who excelled in many fields (p. 418)
a. Renaissance Women were to know the classics and be charming, but not expected to
seek fame
Renaissance
Revolutionizes
Art
1. Renaissance artists often portrayed religious subjects, but they used a
20)
realistic (p. 419)
style copied from classical models
2.
21)
Donatello
(p. 419)
– made sculpture more realistic by carving natural postures
and expressions that reveal personality
3.
22)
Masaccio
(p. 419)
– painter who rediscovered the technique of perspective
(indicates three dimensions)
4.
23)
Michelangelo
(p. 421)
– designed St. Peter’s Basilica, painted the ceiling of the
Sistine Chapel, and sculpted the statue of David (a Renaissance Man)
5.
24)
Leonard da Vinci
(p. 421)
– studied how muscles move, sketched many new
inventions (including a primitive helicopter) and painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper
6.
25)
Raphael
(p. 421)
– studied the works of Leonardo and Michelangelo, did many
paintings of the Madonna and child
Renaissance
Writers
Change
Literature
1.
26)
vernacular
(p. 421)
– native language
2. Renaissance writers wrote either for self-expression or to portray the
individuality of their subjects
3.
27)
Niccolo Machiavelli
(p. 421)
– wrote The Prince; rulers should use force, deceit, or do
whatever it takes to maintain power and crush the opposition
a. the ends justifies the means
b. supported the absolute power of the ruler
Notes
WHI.13: The Renaissance 161
Europe, 1500
Notes
WHI.13: The Renaissance 162
The Northern Renaissance
The Northern
Renaissance
Begins
1. after the bubonic plague and the Hundred Years’ War, European cities
Flemish
Painters
1.
Northern
Writers
1.
2. northern Renaissance humanists were more interested in
29)
28)
grew rapidly
religious ideas
(p. 423)
(p. 423)
than in the secular themes of Italy
30)
Jan van Eyck
(p. 425)
– used oil based paints to develop techniques that painters still use
a. his paintings were unusually realistic and revealed the personality of their subjects
31)
Desiderius Erasmus
(p. 425)
– wrote The Praise of Folly; poked fun at greedy merchants,
heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests
2.
32)
Sir Thomas More
– wrote Utopia, an imaginary land inhabited
(p. 425)
by a peace-loving people; became the model for an ideal place
3.
33)
William Shakespeare
(p. 425)
– wrote in Renaissance England; works include the
tragedies of Macbeth, King Lear, Romeo and Juliet, and the comedy A Midsummer Night’s
Dream
Printing
Spreads
Renaissance
Ideas
1.
34)
Johann Gutenberg
(p. 426)
– invented the printing press; the first full-size book
printed with movable type was the
35)
Gutenberg Bible
(p. 426)
2. Impact of the Printing Press
a. for the first time books were
36)
cheap enough
(p. 427)
so people could buy
them
b. new ideas spread
c. a rise in
38)
37)
faster
literacy
(p. 427)than
ever before
(p. 427)
d. Bibles were printed in the vernacular so people could interpret the Bible for
themselves and they become more critical of
 led to demands for
Notes
40)
religious reform
39)
priests and their behavior
(p. 427)
(p. 427)
WHI.13: The Renaissance 163
Summary
DIRECTIONS: Choose one of the following:
a) write a summary (25-75 words) of what you believe was the most important aspect of the notes/lecture
b) write what you believe to be the most interesting or memorable part of the notes/lecture (25-75 words)
c) draw something that symbolizes the notes/lecture to you (has to be different than your title page)
Notes
WHI.13: The Renaissance 164