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World History Ms. Avar Point Value: /5 Battles & Mapping WWII STUDENT KEY Instructions: Follow the below instructions for the Europe map using p. A34-A35 in your book. Then, as you watch the WWII Headlines video, follow along with Ms. Avar to take notes on the back of this page. LOCATE AND LABEL THE FOLLOWING COUNTRIES: -Germany -Austria -Soviet Union -Italy -France -Great Britain -Czechoslovakia -Norway -Finland -Denmark -Belgium CITIES: -Munich (in Germany) -London (in Britain) -Leningrad (in USSR) -Stalingrad (in USSR) REGIONS: Open the links… -North Africa - Rhineland - Sudetenland - Vichy Govt USE THIS SPACE TO CREATE A KEY FOR OTHER IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR AS YOU WATCH THE FILM / TAKE NOTES: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. IMPORTANT EVENTS LEADING TO WWII KEY 1936 - Germany re-militarizes the Rhineland (used to be part of Germany) 1937 - Japan invades and attacks China 1938 - Hitler unified Germany & Austria (“The Anschluss”) (Hitler from Austria) 1938 - England, France, Germany and Italy sign the Munich Pact – agree that Hitler can have Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia / Hitler promises it’s the extent of his ambitions for expansion & signs a paper to promise England “peace in our time”. 1939 - Hitler takes the Sudetenland (Allies “sold out” Czechoslovakia) 1939 - Germany signs the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact with Stalin. Germans promise arms in exchange for Soviet oil and wheat September 1, 1939 - Germany used blitzkrieg tactics to invade Poland September 3, 1939 – England and France declare war on Germany Germany invades Norway, Finland, Denmark, Belgium, and THEN… WAR IN NORTH AFRICA: 10. With the help of Italy’s Mussolini, the Germans controlled most of North Africa by April of 1940. British General Montgomery faced German Field Marshall Rommel, whose nickname was the Desert Fox. THE WAR IN WESTERN EUROPE: 11. FRANCE: In May of 1940 the Nazis invade France. France surrenders in June. A pro Nazi government was set up in Southern France called the Vichy Government. 12. BRITAIN: Only Great Britain stood against Hitler. The Battle of Britain: An air battle began as Hitler bombed British cities. The 6 months of night bombing of London was aimed at civilians. The New Prime Minister of England, Winston Churchill gave hope when he said, “This is our finest hour”. The Royal Air Force, or the RAF, beat back the Germans at odds of 8 Nazi Plans to 1 British Plane. Churchill said, “We shall never surrender”. Why didn’t Churchill evacuate the town of Coventry, where 172 British were killed? (He wanted to protect the secret that Britain had broken the German code) 1941 – U.S. supports Britain with Lend-Lease program (planes, tanks, trucks, guns & ammunition… but no U.S. troops yet because it’s not officially in the war… yet) 1941 – Atlantic Charter created between USA and Britain. THE WAR ON THE EASTERN FRONT / SOVIET UNION: 13. In 1941 Hitler turns on Stalin and begins Operation Barbarossa, an attack on the Soviet Union. Stalin issues the scorched earth policy burning Russian land as the Germans attack. The city of Leningrad is under siege for 900 days. The Russian winter brought hardships and starvation for all. In 1942 Hitler attacks the City of Stalingrad with 23 divisions. (Known as Battle of Stalingrad: 6 months. Germans lose 200,000 / Soviets lose 1 million) 1941 – U.S. supports Soviets with $46 billion in aid through Lend-Lease program (though still not officially in the war) WAR IN THE PACIFIC: Meanwhile in the South Pacific the Japanese said the “Pacific is ours”. Japan planned to control the Pacific by taking over Manchuria, Korea and the Philippines. Japan wanted to take over the rest of the Islands in the Pacific. This was called the Tanaka Plan. On December 7, 1941 Japan attacked the US pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. On December 8, 1941 the United States declared war on Japan and Germany. President Roosevelt said, “This is a day which will live in infamy”. Japanese interment in U.S.: The relocation of 31,275 Japanese in America put into prison camps “for the security of the nation”. THE TURNING POINT OF THE WAR NORTH AFRICA AND SOUTHERN EUROPE: British General Montgomery drove Germans out of Egypt. U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower helped drive Germans out of Africa and pushed the Germans back to Italy. EASTERN AND WESTERN EUROPE The Russian winters hurt Germany. The Russians were finally able to turn the Germans out of Stalingrad. Allied forces prepare for Operation Overlord or D- Day (Led by Eisenhower – the biggest land and sea attack in HISTORY)! On June 6, 1944 allied forces crossed the English Channel and landed on the beaches of Normandy in Northern France. In July 1944 German top ranking soldiers tried to assassinate Hitler, but the plot failed. Hitler killed all the conspirators. After D-Day the Allies liberated France and then pushed east towards Germany. Germany tried but failed to push the American out of Europe in their last offensive at the Battle of the Bulge. American troops moving east and Russian troops moving west met and the River Elbe. The Soviets attacked Berlin, Hitler committed suicide, resistance fighters shot Mussolini and Germany surrendered May 7, 1945. Allies celebrated V-E Day (Victory in Europe). THE PACIFIC Meanwhile the United States decodes Japanese plans to attack the Island of Midway. This results in a US Victory at Midway. General Macarthur regained the Philippines. Hundreds of Japanese pilots volunteer for suicide missions known as kamikazes. The US decides to drop the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima August 6 1945. Three days later a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. Japan surrendered on August 14, 1945. U.S. occupied Japan for 6 years for demilitarization: to disband Japan’s armed forces. COST OF THE WAR: More death & destruction than any other conflict in history 1 trillion Dollars / 60 Million dead (8.5 million in WWI) / 50 million people homeless