Download Intellectual property rights intensive industries and economic

Intellectual property rights intensive
industries and economic performance
in the European Union
Industry-Level Analysis Report, October 2016
A joint project between the European Patent Office
and the European Union Intellectual Property Office
Summary of the key findings
Background
EU GDP
This study, carried out jointly by the European Union Intellectual Property Office and the
European Patent Office, provides a broad, improved assessment of the combined contribution to the
economies of the EU from industries which make intensive use of the various types of intellectual
property rights (IPR). It updates and extends the findings of a previous joint study released in 2013.
Over the period 2011-2013, IPR-intensive industries generated
42% of total economic activity (GDP) in the EU, with a value
of € 5.7 trillion. Trade mark-intensive industries alone were
responsible for 36% of EU GDP (€ 4.8 trillion).
The study covers a broad range of IP rights – trade marks, patents, designs, copyright, geographical
indications (GIs) and plant variety rights (PVRs) – and considers a variety of economic indicators, in
particular gross domestic product (GDP), employment, wages and external trade. It makes no policy
recommendations, as this is not within its scope. Instead, it is designed to provide evidence that can
be used by policymakers in their work, and to serve as a basis for raising awareness of intellectual
property among Europe’s citizens.
EU trade
IPR-intensive industries account for the bulk of EU trade, with
a very high share of imports (86%), and an even higher share
of exports (93%). They generated a trade surplus of € 96.4
billion for the EU in the period 2011-2013. Design-intensive
industries alone generated a surplus of € 243 billion.
Main findings
IPR-intensive industries are defined as those having an above-average use of IPR per employee.
It should be emphasised, however, that most industries use IP rights to some extent. By focusing
only on the IPR-intensive industries, the study depicts only the part of the European economy to
which IP rights contribute most.
IPR-intensive industries: key figures
IPR-intensive
industries
Value Added
/ GDP
(€ billion)
Imports
(€ billion)
Exports
(€ billion)
Direct
employment
(million)
Direct and indirect
employment
(million)
Trade mark-intensive
4 812
1 261
1 275
45.8
65.5
Design-intensive
1 789
701
945
25.7
38.7
Patent-intensive
2 035
1 158
1 231
22.3
36.0
915
102
120
11.6
15.2
GI-intensive
18
1
13
n/a
0.4
PVR-intensive
52
5
5
1.0
1.2
5 664
1 509
1 606
60.0
82.2
Copyright-intensive
All IPR-intensive
1
Resilience of IPR-intensive industries
Compared with the 2013 study , these latest results reveal that IPR-intensive industries have proved
resilient in a period marked by the economic crisis. Indeed, their contribution to EU employment and
GDP slightly increased between the two periods 2008-2010 (2013 study) and 2011-2013 (2016 study).
Contribution to EU GDP
36%
TM IPR-intensive industries directly generated 28% of all jobs in
the EU during the period 2011-2013. On average, over this
period, 60 million Europeans were directly employed in IPRintensive industries, out of a total employment of approximately
216 million. A further 22 million jobs were indirectly generated
in industries that supply goods and services to IPR-intensive
industries. Taking indirect jobs into account, the total number
of IPR‑dependent jobs rose to 82 million (38%).
EU employment (direct)
27.6%
27.8%
EU GDP
42.1%
42.3%
Design
7%
Copyright
IPR-intensive industries in EU
external trade
Share of EU imports
86%
Share of EU exports
93%
€ 243b
€ 96b
Trade surplus
€ 74b
€ 14b
All IPR Design Patents
TM
Employment in IPR-intensive
industries
30%
EU wage premium
IPR-intensive industries also pay significantly higher wages
than other industries, with a premium of 46%. This is
consistent with the fact that the value added per worker
is higher in IPR-intensive industries than elsewhere in the
economy. The wage premium is especially high in patentintensive industries, where it amounts to 69% (€ 895 per week).
18%
38%
17%
7%
All IPR Design Patents Copyright
Share of EU employment
IPR-intensive industries:
82 million jobs
38% of EU employment
Comparison of average wage
(€/week)
The full report is available for download at
+69%
www.epo.org/ipr-intensive-industries
Contribution of IPR-intensive industries
2011-2013
Patents IPR-intensive industries:
€ 5.7 trillion of value added
42% of EU GDP
+46%
www.euipo.europa.eu/ipcontribution
2008-2010
13%
Share of EU GDP
EU employment
2
Economic indicator
15%
42%
1
2
Since the same industry may make intensive use of more than one IP right, the sum of the figures for the individual IPR exceeds the figure for all IPR-intensive industries.
The 2008-2010 figures have been re-calculated to take into account methodological changes between the two studies.
530
Non-IPR-intensive
industries
776
895
IPR-intensive
industries
Patent-intensive
industries
Published and edited by the EPO and the EUIPO
Munich, Germany, and Alicante, Spain
www.epo.org
www.euipo.europa.eu