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Intellectual property rights intensive industries and economic performance in the European Union Industry-Level Analysis Report, October 2016 A joint project between the European Patent Office and the European Union Intellectual Property Office Summary of the key findings Background EU GDP This study, carried out jointly by the European Union Intellectual Property Office and the European Patent Office, provides a broad, improved assessment of the combined contribution to the economies of the EU from industries which make intensive use of the various types of intellectual property rights (IPR). It updates and extends the findings of a previous joint study released in 2013. Over the period 2011-2013, IPR-intensive industries generated 42% of total economic activity (GDP) in the EU, with a value of € 5.7 trillion. Trade mark-intensive industries alone were responsible for 36% of EU GDP (€ 4.8 trillion). The study covers a broad range of IP rights – trade marks, patents, designs, copyright, geographical indications (GIs) and plant variety rights (PVRs) – and considers a variety of economic indicators, in particular gross domestic product (GDP), employment, wages and external trade. It makes no policy recommendations, as this is not within its scope. Instead, it is designed to provide evidence that can be used by policymakers in their work, and to serve as a basis for raising awareness of intellectual property among Europe’s citizens. EU trade IPR-intensive industries account for the bulk of EU trade, with a very high share of imports (86%), and an even higher share of exports (93%). They generated a trade surplus of € 96.4 billion for the EU in the period 2011-2013. Design-intensive industries alone generated a surplus of € 243 billion. Main findings IPR-intensive industries are defined as those having an above-average use of IPR per employee. It should be emphasised, however, that most industries use IP rights to some extent. By focusing only on the IPR-intensive industries, the study depicts only the part of the European economy to which IP rights contribute most. IPR-intensive industries: key figures IPR-intensive industries Value Added / GDP (€ billion) Imports (€ billion) Exports (€ billion) Direct employment (million) Direct and indirect employment (million) Trade mark-intensive 4 812 1 261 1 275 45.8 65.5 Design-intensive 1 789 701 945 25.7 38.7 Patent-intensive 2 035 1 158 1 231 22.3 36.0 915 102 120 11.6 15.2 GI-intensive 18 1 13 n/a 0.4 PVR-intensive 52 5 5 1.0 1.2 5 664 1 509 1 606 60.0 82.2 Copyright-intensive All IPR-intensive 1 Resilience of IPR-intensive industries Compared with the 2013 study , these latest results reveal that IPR-intensive industries have proved resilient in a period marked by the economic crisis. Indeed, their contribution to EU employment and GDP slightly increased between the two periods 2008-2010 (2013 study) and 2011-2013 (2016 study). Contribution to EU GDP 36% TM IPR-intensive industries directly generated 28% of all jobs in the EU during the period 2011-2013. On average, over this period, 60 million Europeans were directly employed in IPRintensive industries, out of a total employment of approximately 216 million. A further 22 million jobs were indirectly generated in industries that supply goods and services to IPR-intensive industries. Taking indirect jobs into account, the total number of IPR‑dependent jobs rose to 82 million (38%). EU employment (direct) 27.6% 27.8% EU GDP 42.1% 42.3% Design 7% Copyright IPR-intensive industries in EU external trade Share of EU imports 86% Share of EU exports 93% € 243b € 96b Trade surplus € 74b € 14b All IPR Design Patents TM Employment in IPR-intensive industries 30% EU wage premium IPR-intensive industries also pay significantly higher wages than other industries, with a premium of 46%. This is consistent with the fact that the value added per worker is higher in IPR-intensive industries than elsewhere in the economy. The wage premium is especially high in patentintensive industries, where it amounts to 69% (€ 895 per week). 18% 38% 17% 7% All IPR Design Patents Copyright Share of EU employment IPR-intensive industries: 82 million jobs 38% of EU employment Comparison of average wage (€/week) The full report is available for download at +69% www.epo.org/ipr-intensive-industries Contribution of IPR-intensive industries 2011-2013 Patents IPR-intensive industries: € 5.7 trillion of value added 42% of EU GDP +46% www.euipo.europa.eu/ipcontribution 2008-2010 13% Share of EU GDP EU employment 2 Economic indicator 15% 42% 1 2 Since the same industry may make intensive use of more than one IP right, the sum of the figures for the individual IPR exceeds the figure for all IPR-intensive industries. The 2008-2010 figures have been re-calculated to take into account methodological changes between the two studies. 530 Non-IPR-intensive industries 776 895 IPR-intensive industries Patent-intensive industries Published and edited by the EPO and the EUIPO Munich, Germany, and Alicante, Spain www.epo.org www.euipo.europa.eu