Download 1 44 套 SAT 语法题

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44 套 SAT 语法题
SET1.老 OG. 1.................................................................................................................................... 2
SET2. OG. 4. ....................................................................................................................................... 8
SET3. OG. 5. ..................................................................................................................................... 15
SET4. OG. 6. ..................................................................................................................................... 21
SET5. OG. 7. ..................................................................................................................................... 28
SET6. OG. 8. ..................................................................................................................................... 35
SET7. OG. 9. ..................................................................................................................................... 41
SET8. OG. 10. ................................................................................................................................... 48
SET9. 2005. 3 ................................................................................................................................... 55
SET10. 2005. 10 ............................................................................................................................... 60
SET11. 2006. 1 ................................................................................................................................. 67
SET12. 2006. 5 ................................................................................................................................. 74
SET13. 2006. 10. (OG1) ................................................................................................................... 81
SET14. 2007. 1. (OG2) ..................................................................................................................... 88
SET15. 2007. 5. (OG3) ..................................................................................................................... 95
SET16. 2007. 10. ............................................................................................................................ 102
SET17. 2008. 1. .............................................................................................................................. 109
SET18. 2008. 5. .............................................................................................................................. 116
SET19. 2008. 10. ............................................................................................................................ 123
SET20. 2009. 1. .............................................................................................................................. 130
SET21. 2009. 5. .............................................................................................................................. 137
SET22. 2009. 10. ............................................................................................................................ 144
SET23. 2010. 1. .............................................................................................................................. 151
SET24. 2010. 5. .............................................................................................................................. 158
SET25. 2010. 10. ............................................................................................................................ 165
SET26. 2011. 1. .............................................................................................................................. 172
SET27. 2011. 5. .............................................................................................................................. 179
SET28. 2011. 10. ............................................................................................................................ 186
SET29. 2012. 1. .............................................................................................................................. 193
SET30. 2012. 5. .............................................................................................................................. 199
SET31. 2012. 10 ............................................................................................................................. 205
SET32. 2013. 1 ............................................................................................................................... 211
SET33. OC. 1. ................................................................................................................................. 226
SET34. OC. 2. ................................................................................................................................. 233
SET35. OC. 3 .................................................................................................................................. 240
SET36. OC. 4. ................................................................................................................................. 246
SET37. OC. 5 .................................................................................................................................. 252
SET38. OC. 6 .................................................................................................................................. 259
SET39. 2007.5 (SUNDAY) ............................................................................................................... 265
SET40. 2008.5 (SUNDAY) ............................................................................................................... 271
SET41. 2009. 5. (SUNDAY) ............................................................................................................. 277
SET42. 2010.5. (SUNDAY) .............................................................................................................. 283
SET43. 2011.5. (SUNDAY) .............................................................................................................. 289
SET44. 2012. 5. (SUNDAY) ............................................................................................................. 295
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SET1.老 OG. 1.
1. Roger had just walked into his office and that was when he was told that his plan had finally
been approved.
A. and that was when he was told
B. and then he learned
C. when it was learned by him
D. and then they told him
E. when he learn
2. Burdened with three pieces of luggage and a pair of skis, Sarah’s search for a baggage cart
was desperate.
A. Sarah’s search for a baggage cart was desperate
B. Sarah’s desperate search was for a baggage cart
C. a baggage cart was what Sarah desperately searched for
D. a baggage cart for which Sarah desperately searched
E. Sarah searched desperately for a baggage cart
3. Karen, James, and Sam were hiking when, stumbling over a rock, he fell down a steep
embankment.
A. when, stumbling over a rock, he fell down a steep embankment
B. and then he fell down a steep embankment after he stumbled over a rock
C. when Sam fell down a steep embankment after stumbling over a rock
D. when Sam fell down a steep embankment, since he stumbled over a rock
E. and, since he stumbled over a rock, he fell down a steep embankment
4. By attracting new industry when the old factory closed, the council kept the economy of the
town from collapsing, this was a disaster many workers had feared.
A. this was a disaster many workers had feared
B. because many workers had feared a disaster
C. the fear many workers had would be a disaster
D. a disaster that many workers had feared
E. it was feared by many workers as a disaster
5. A healthy economy can be measured not only by the growth of business but it has a
psychological effect on people.
A. it has a
B. as well in the
C. also by the
D. also the
E. in the way of having a
6. Today’s political candidates may reach wide audiences by appearing on television, but
old-fashioned barnstorming still has value because it allows the electorate to meet candidates
face to face.
A. television, but old-fashioned barnstorming still has value because it allows
B. television, but old-fashioned barnstorming still would have value because of allowing
C. television; however, there is still value in old-fashioned barnstorming by allowing
D. television, old-fashioned barnstorming still having value because it allows
E. television, when old-fashioned barnstorming still has value in allowing
7. Linguistic research often requires fieldwork where they can study and record the spoken
dialects of a region.
A. where they
B. through which they
C. and the linguist
D. during which the linguist
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E.
which they
8. The primatologist has argued that sustained observation of a few animals provides better
behavioral data than does intermittent observation of many animals.
A. provides better behavioral data than does intermittent observation of many animals
B. provides better behavioral data than many animals are observed intermittently
C. providing better behavioral data than does intermittent observation of many animals
D. do provide better behavioral data than intermittent observation of many animals do
E. in contrast to intermittent observation of many animals, provides better behavioral data
9. George Orwell’s term “doublespeak” referring to the intentional use of language to confuse or
to mislead, as when one says “revenue enhancement” instead of “tax increase.”
A. referring to the intentional use of language
B. referring to language which is intentionally used
C. which refers to the intentionally using language
D. refers to the intentional use of language
E. is when it refers to language used intentionally
10. Scientists predict technological changes in the next century, they will be as dramatic as was
the development of the transcontinental railroad in the last century.
A. century, they will be as dramatic as was
B. century, these will be as dramatic as
C. century; being as dramatic as was
D. century will be dramatic as is
E. century as dramatic as
11. With billions of tons yet to be mined, some argue that coal conservation measures are
unnecessary.
A. With billions of tons
B. Because billions of tons of coal are
C. Because of coal in billions of tons
D. By considering that there are billions of tons
E. Aware of the coal in billions of tons
12. Beatrix Potter completely(A) transformed the traditional animal fable(B), and they had
been(C) used by other writers simply to illustrate(D) moral lessons. No error (E)
13. No matter(A) where they came from or what(B) their previous lifestyle is(C), the refugees
were grateful(D) for having been granted political asylum in the United States. No error (E)
14. Susan and Peter were inspired(A) to become a professional writer(B) after hearing(C) a
famous journalist speak about(D) the challenges of investigative reporting. No error (E)
15. Cocoa was popular with Europeans before(A) either tea and(B) coffee, its consumption
gradually(C) spreading from Spain and Portugal to Italy, Austria, France, and then across(D)
the channel to the British Isles. No error (E)
16. To become(A) a world figure-skating champion like Kristi Yamaguchi, one must be(B) so
dedicated that you(C) will practice(D) six hours a day. No error (E)
17. Each time Caroline turns on her computer, she has(A) to enter a company code, then her
initials, and then enters a password(B) before(C) she can begin working(D). No error (E)
18. A talented and versatile artist(A), Twyla Tharp has been(B) a dancer(C), choreographer, and
collaborated on various productions(D). No error (E)
19. The scientific writings of Edward O. Wilson, Stephen Jay Gould, and Richard Dawkins,
which(A) has continued(B) the discussion of genetic issues raised by(C) Charles Darwin,
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are(D) familiar to many high school and college students. No error (E)
20.
Conflicts between land developers and conservationists have repeatedly arose(A),
causing(B) Congress to reconsider legislation that prohibits(C) building within habitats(D) of
endangered species. No error (E)
21. Surely(A) one of the most far-reaching changes in the nineteenth century will be(B) the
change from working at home(C) to working in(D) the factory. No error (E)
22. Howard Gardner, an observer of(A) Chinese elementary education, has questioned the view
that requiring young children to copy(B) models prevents(C) them from becoming a creative
artist(D) later in life. No error (E)
23. The governor's aides are convinced(A) that the announcement of the investigation, coming
just days(B) before the filing deadline, were calculated(C) to discourage the governor from
running(D) for reelection. No error (E)
24. Although(A) the new device was the most clever(B) designed bird feeder that Ms. Rodriguez
had ever owned(C), it could not keep squirrels from(D) stealing the birdseed. No error (E)
25. Whatever price the company finally sets(A) for the fuel will probably be(B) determined as
much by(C) politics as by a realistic appraisal of (D)the market. No error (E)
26. Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied(A) for years, but(B) only recently
has(C) the harmful effects of noise pollution become(D) known. No error (E)
27. The historian argued that we ought(A) to learn more about(B) the process by which
individuals like Sam Houston were identified by(C) others as leaders(D). No error (E)
28. Quick to(A) take advantage(B) of Melanie Johnson's preoccupation in(C) the history of the
Johnson family, the genealogist proposed investigating that(D) history---for a large fee. No
error (E)
29. Contrasting with(A) most other(B) fifteenth-century rulers, Portuguese kings could count
on(C) the support of the aristocracy in any(D) overseas ventures. No error (E)
(1)many people complain about the negative statements made by candidates that arising during
political campaigns.(2)but really, what candidates is ever going to say something nice about an
opponent?(3)their goal, after all, is if you elect them.(4)clearly, there are times when negatives
must be mentioned.(5)for example, it is only fair for a challenger to point out that an incumbent
has in fact done a poor job in office.(6)now that I am almost old enough to vote, I pay more
attention to the character of candidates.
(7)but there is another kind of negative campaigning, the kind known as “sleaze”.(8)instead of
proposing new policies, a sleazy candidate will run a campaign aimed at smearing the
opponent.(9)it has become so common that it is almost taken for granted.
(10)the dirtiest kinds of campaigns use tactics such as character assassination and outright lying
about an opponent.(11)the actual work of planting the lies is often done by campaign staff.
(12)then the accusing candidate denies knowing about it. (13)mean while, someone’s reputation is
ruined because people who hear the lies believe them without checking the fact first.(14)the media
report the lies, they say it is because they are newsworthy.(15)thus the media contribute to a
vicious circle.
30. In context, which of the following revisions is necessary in sentence 1(reproduced below)?
Many people complain about the negative statements made by candidates that are arising during
political campaigns.
A. Delete “people”
B. Change “complain” to “complained”
C. Change “are arising” to “ is raised”
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D.
E.
Delete “that are arising”
Insert “the course of ” after “during”
31. In context, which is the best version of sentence 3 (reproduced below)?
Their goal, after all is if you elect them.
A. (As it is now)
B. Their goal, after all, would be if their opponent lost.
C. A political candidate’s goal, after all, is when the election is won.
D. The goal of political candidates, after all, is to win elections.
E. The goal of politics, after all, is for you to elect this person.
32. In context, which of the following most logically replaces “it” in sentence 9 (reproduced
below) ?
It has become so common that it is almost taken for granted.
A. This strategy
B. This lack of planning
C. This complaint
D. This lie
E. This promise
33. What should be done with sentence 6 (reproduced below) ?
Now that I am almost old enough to vote, I pay more attention to the character of candidates.
A. leave it as it is
B. delete it
C. insert “consequently” at the beginning
D. add “than I formerly did” at the end
E. rephrase the sentence and begin with “shouldn’t I pay”
34. Which is the best way to deal with sentence 14 (reproduced below)?
The media report the lies, they say it is because they are newsworthy.
A. Leave it as it si
B. Delete it
C. Change “report” to “verify”
D. Change “they say it is because” to “saying that”
E. Change “they are newsworthy” to “it is news”
35.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Which of the following is best to add after sentence 15 as a concluding sentence?
These tactics may be unnecessary, but they do have a bright side after all.
Restrictions such as this, if rigorously enforced, will control negative campaigning.
In conclusion, the media should refuse to participate in it.
Therefore, as much as political campaigns cost, we deserve better.
This practice only worsens the negative aspects of our political campaigns.
1. Some of the Smithsonian Institution’s most prized items, from Duke Ellington’s musical
transcripts to First Ladies’ gowns, coming from unsolicited donations.
A. coming from
B. they come from
C. they have come from
D. came from
E. which came from
2. As patients, the medical directors of the clinic believe that you are entitled to know the reason
for the increase in fees.
A. As patients, the medical directors of the clinic believe that you
B. The belief of the clinic’s medical directors about patients is that you
C. You, as patients, are believed by the clinical medical directors, and you
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D. The medical directors of the clinic, who believe that you, as patients,
E. The medical directors of the clinic believe that as patients, you
3. Lecturing at the university, read the poetry of Margaret Atwood was the advice Professor
Clark gave her audience.
A. read the poetry of Margaret Atwood was the advice Professor Clark gave her audience
B. the poetry of Margaret Atwood was what Professor Clark advised her audience to read
C. her audience was advised by Professor Clark to read the poetry of Margaret Atwood
D. Margaret Atwood’s poetry, advised Professor Clark, was what her audience should read
E. Professor Clark advised her audience to read the poetry of Margaret Atwood
4. Lois has learned more about Arna Bontemps’ writings than the rest of us because of being her
favorite author.
A. us because of being her favorite author
B. us; this is the result of Bontemps’ being her favorite author
C. us because Bontemps is her favorite author
D. us as a result of Bontemps’ being her favorite author
E. us since Bontemps is her favorite as an author
5. The five autobiographical volumes by May Angelou begin with her childhood in Arkansas
and culminate in her adult years in Egypt and Ghana.
A. begin with her childhood in Arkansas and culminate
B. that begin with her childhood in Arkansas and culminate
C. have begun with her childhood in Arkansas and culminating
D. beginning with her childhood in Arkansas and culminating
E. are begun with her childhood in Arkansas and culminated
6. Rilke, the great German poet, could not continue his search for angelic spirits until he can rely
on a strength greater than his own.
A. can rely on a strength greater than his own
B. could rely on a strength greater than his own
C. would be able to rely on a strength greater than his own
D. can rely on a strength greater than his strength
E. could rely on a strength greater than his strength
7. To ensure that the bread will have the same consistency from batch to batch, it is the quality
control specialist who checks small random samples of dough from each lot.
A. it is the quality control specialist who checks small random samples of dough from each lot
B. the quality control specialist checks small random samples of dough from each lot
C. small random samples of dough being checked from each lot by the quality control specialist
D. the quality control specialist checks samples of dough-small and randomly-from each lot
E. the quality control specialist is the one checking small random samples from each lot of dough
8. Surface mining is safer, quicker, and cheaper than deep mining, but the greater is its toll in
human misery.
A. the greater is its toll in human misery
B. it has a greater human misery toll
C. in its human misery toll it is greater
D. there is the greater toll in human misery
E. its toll in human misery is greater
9. Trees are able to collect large amounts of water from fog-in some areas as much as thirty
inches annually.
A. in some areas as much as thirty inches annually
B. in some areas having thirty inches per year
C. in some places collecting about thirty inches per year annually
D. collecting the equal of thirty inches annually in some places
E. which in some areas amounts to thirty inches collected annually
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10. Prized for their rarity, gourmets will spend a small fortune on wild truffles rather than settle
for common mushrooms.
A. Prized for their rarity, gourmets will spend a small fortune on wild truffles rather than settle for
common mushrooms.
B. Prized as rare, gourmets will spend a small fortune on wild truffles as opposed to settling for
common mushrooms.
C. Prized for their rarity, wild truffles command a small fortune among gourmets unwilling to
settle for common mushrooms.
D. As prized for rarity, wild truffles, being costly, command a small fortune for gourmets
unwilling to settle for common mushrooms.
E. Wild truffles prized for their rarity by gourmets who will spend a small fortune but not to settle
for common mushrooms.
11. Evidence from surveys and interviews show friendships made in high school tend to last
longer than those made in college.
A. show friendships made in high school tend to last
B. show high school friendships that tend to last
C. is showing high school friendships tending to last
D. shows that friendships made in high school tend to last
E. shows friendships in high school tends to last
12. Growing up in a family where music was a daily part of life, Steve and Rick shared a
determination to become singing duos known nationwide.
A. to become singing duos
B. to become a singing duo
C. of becoming singing duos
D. that they would become singing duos
E. of becoming a singing duo
13. Before reading the front page of the newspaper, my sister reads the sports section, my brother
reads the comics first.
A. Before reading the front page of the newspaper, my sister reads the sports section, my brother
reads the comics first.
B. My sister reads the sports section before reading the front page of the newspaper and my
brother, he reads the comics first.
C. Before reading the front page of the newspaper, my sister reads the sports section; my brother
reads the comics first.
D. My brother reads the comics first with my sister reading the sports section before reading the
front page of the newspaper.
E. Before reading the front page of the newspaper, my sister reads the sports section; my brother
reading the comics first.
14. Jacob Lawrence is best known for his depictions of modern urban life, and his celebrated
painting Forward presents a rural scene from the life of abolitionist Harriet Tubman.
A. Jacob Lawrence is best known for his depictions of modern urban life, and
B. Jacob Lawrence is best known for his depictions of modern urban life,
C. Jacob Lawrence is best known for his depictions of modern urban life, however
D. Although Jacob Lawrence is best known for his depictions of modern urban life,
E. Inasmuch as Jacob Lawrence is best known for his depictions of modern urban life,
section 7
section 10
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SET2. OG. 4.
1. In a recent year, more tourists from the United States visited museums in Great Britain than
Canada.
(A). Canada
(B). Canada did
(C). compared to Canada’s
(D). Canadian ones
(E). in Canada
2. Conners, a publishing and media services company, is acquiring Dispatch Education, it
manufactures school uniforms.
(A). Dispatch Education, it manufactures
(B). Dispatch Education, which manufactures
(C). Dispatch Education, manufacturing
(D). Dispatch Education; it is manufacturing
(E). Dispatch Education; for the manufacturing of
3. The campus newspaper does not print as much world news as does my hometown.
(A). as does my hometown
(B). as does my hometown newspaper
(C). compared to what my hometown does
(D). like my hometown newspaper does
(E). like the one in my hometown does
4. During the labor dispute, barrels of potatoes were emptied across the highway, and they
thereby blocked it to all traffic.
(A). highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic
(B). highway and therefore blocking it to all traffic
(C). highway, by which all traffic was therefore blocked
(D). highway, and therefore this had all traffic blocked
(E). highway, thereby blocking all traffic
5. Having thought the problem through with some care, that the committee did not understand
her solution frustrated the chairperson extremely.
(A). That the committee did not understand her solution frustrated the chairperson extremely
(B). The chairperson’s extreme frustration resulted from the committee not understanding her
solution
(C). The chairperson’s frustration at the committee’s failing to understand her solution was
extreme
(D). The chairperson was extremely frustrated by the committee’s failure to understand her
solution
(E). The committee’s failing to understand her solution was an extreme frustration to the
chairperson
6. The main reasons students give for failing to participate in the political process is that they
have demanding assignments and work at part-time jobs.
(A). is that they have demanding assignments and work at
(B). are demanding assignments and they work at
(C). are that they have demanding assignments and that they work at
(D). is having demanding assignments and having to work at
(E). are demanding assignments, in addition to working at
7. Archaeologists say that the Pueblo village of Acoma, which is 7,500 feet above sea level and
400 feet above the valley floor, is the oldest continuously inhabited spot in the United States.
(A). which is 7,500 feet above sea level and 400 feet above
(B). located 7,500 feet high above sea level while having measured 400 feet above
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(C). with a height 7,500 feet above sea level as well as 400 feet above that of
(D). 7,500 feet higher than sea level, and it ascends 400 feet above
(E). being 7,500 feet above sea level and 400 feet high measured from that of
8. Returning to Dayville after ten years, the small town seemed much livelier to Margo than it
had been when she was growing up there.
(A). Returning to Dayville after ten years, the small town seemed much livelier to Margo
(B). Having returned to Dayville after ten years, it seemed a much livelier town to Margo
(C). After Margo returned to Dayville in ten years, the small town seems much livelier
(D). Margo returned to Dayille after ten years, the small town was seemingly much livelier
(E). When Margo returned to Dayville after ten years, the small town seemed much livelier to
her
9. Having command of pathos, tragedy, as well as humor, George Eliot is considered to be a
great English novelist.
(A). Having command of pathos, tragedy, as well as humor
(B). Having command of pathos, tragedy, and her humorous side
(C). By being in command of both pathos and tragedy and also humor
(D). With her command of pathos and tragedy and being humorous
(E). Because of her command of pathos, tragedy, and humor
10. Richard Wright moved many times in his life, moving from the South first he went to the
North, then eventually to France from the United States.
(A). moving from the South first he went to the North, then eventually to France from the
United States
(B). the first move he made was from the South to the North and eventually from the United
States to France
(C). first from the South to the North and eventually from the United States to France
(D). moving first from the South, he came to the North and eventually to France
(E). first from the South he moved to the North and ended up in France after leaving the
United States
11. Though heavily dependent on the government for business and information while universities
supply the space research center with talent, as a corporation it remains independent of both.
(A). information while universities supply the space research center with talent, as a
corporation it remains
(B). information and on talent by universities, the space research center, a corporation
(C). information and on universities for talent, the space research center is a corporation
(D). information, universities supply the space research center with talent, but it is a
corporation
(E). information, universities supply the space research center with talent, while it remains a
corporation
12. Fourteen years after (A) the Galileo space probe was launched from the space shuttle Atlantis,
the mission was purposely ended when (B) the Galileo disintegrates (C) in the dense (D)
atmosphere of the planet Jupiter. No error (E)
13. The labor union is negotiating (A) a contract with the hospital that (B) will satisfy (C) the
demands of the workers and be acceptable to (D) all levels of management. No error (E)
14. Many professional athletes are (A) motivated by either personal pride and (B) love of their
sport, but some seem (C) interested only in money (D). No error (E)
15. Even though (A) only parts of clay vessels may be (B) recovered, these pottery shards are
invaluable to (C) the archaeologist because it is (D) virtually indestructible. No error (E)
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16. Along (A) the curve of islands known as the Florida Keys lies (B) a reef of living coral, the
only one (C) of a kind (D) in the continental United States. No error (E)
17. Paule Marshall, whose (A) Barbadian background has influenced (B) her writing, describes
(C) many details of life in the Caribbean Islands vividly (D) I her novels and short stories. No
error (E)
18. Because he is absent (A) when his rivals voted against (B) his proposal, Selby is worried (C)
about missing (D) future meetings of the board of directors. No error (E)
19. In those cities (A) in which (B) public transportation is adequate, fewer traffic problems occur
and pedestrians are rarely (C) involved in (D) accidents. No error (E)
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20. Social scientists agree that(A) a system for exchanging (B) goods and services is not only (C)
present but also of necessity (D) in all societies. No error (E)
21. The report Alexander is discussing (A), a report prepared jointly by he (B) and the committee,
does not take into account (C) the socioeconomic status of those interviewed (D). No error (E)
22. It is far easier (A) to ride a bicycle than explaining (B) in words exactly how (C) a bicycle is
ridden (D). No error (E)
23. Jorge wanted, for the most part (A), to travel around the world after graduation (B), but
sometimes he thought about (C) taking a job (D) at his mother’s company instead. No error
(E)
24. Since some (A) people are convinced (B) that dowsing, a method of finding underground
water with a Y-shaped stick, is effective, but others condemn the procedure as (C) mere
superstition (D). No error (E)
25. Intense preoccupation on (A) technique appears to be (B) the one (C) trait that great pianists
have in (D) common. No error (E)
26. Apparently impressed with (A) our plans, the foundation awarded Carlos and I (B) a grant to
establish (C) a network of community center throughout (D) the city. No error (E)
27. Also supported (A) by the commission was (B) the proposed health clinics and the proposed
center (C) to distribute information on job-training (D) opportunities. No error (E)
28. The quality of multivitamin tablets is determined (A) by how long (B) its (C) potency can be
protected (D) by the manufacturer’s coating material. No error (E)
29. The research study reveals (A) startling proof of a constant (B) changing seafloor that
comprises (C) the major part of (D) the underwater landscape. No error (E)
(1) Employers must be aware of their employees and the variety of situations that arise in the
workplace. (2) Employers should become familiar with the demands a worker faces. (3) But he or
she too should also assume responsibility.
(4) Some workplace problems are caused by the employer’s insufficient attention to the needs
of the workers. (5) One familiar situation is the concern of the boss for the customer’s satisfaction
above all else. (6) Often unreasonable demands are made on an employer’s lack of consideration
for employees. (8) Workers often become resentful of an employer who is unconcerned about
their needs. (9) Sometimes the employer does not listen fully to suggestions from employees this
can make workers feel undervalued.
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(10) Many times employers must deal with an employee who ties up the phone for hours or has
friends who continually drop by during working hours. (11) If workers would take more
responsibility, then maybe an employer would be a little more easily tempted to promote them.
(12) There are many problems to be solved in the workplace. (13) In order to achieve a happy
balance between boss and employee, the job of a worker should be clearly defined. (14)
Employers should listen to workers’ ideas about improving working conditions.
30. Which of the following, if inserted before sentence 1, would make a good introduction to the
essay?
(A). To avoid problems in the workplace, one must first recognize the variety of workplaces
that exist.
(B). Many employees do not feel free to communicate with their employers, which can cause
difficulties.
(C). Some employers have tried to respect their employees.
(D). Communication between an employer and employees is necessary for maintaining good
working conditions.
(E). In the future, relations between employers and employees will be different from what
they are now.
31. In context, which of the following is the best way to revise and combine sentences 2 and 3
(reproduced below)?
Employers should become familiar with the demands a worker faces. But he or she too should
also assume responsibility.
(A). When employers become familiar with the demands placed on their workers, they would
also assume responsibility.
(B). Employers ought to become familiar with the demands their workers face, but workers,
too, must assume responsibility for their jobs.
(C). Employers who have familiarity with the demands their workers face also need to take
responsibility for them.
(D). Those employees whose employers are familiar with their demands need to take
responsibility for their jobs.
(E). Employees and employers, familiar with the demands of the workplace, must also
assume responsibility for them.
32. In context, the underlined portion of sentence 7 (reproduced below) could best be revised in
which of the following ways?
This results from an employer’s lack of consideration for employees.
(A). In contrast is
(B). With unreasonable demands, they show
(C). This concern illustrates
(D). Such a distorted view shows
(E). Such treatment demonstrates
33. Which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 9(reproduced
below)?
Sometimes the employer does not listen fully to suggestions of employees this can make
workers feel undervalued.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). When sometimes they do not listen fully to suggestions from employees, this can make
(C). Because the employers had not listened fully to suggestions from employees, they made
(D). An employer who does not listen closely to suggestions of employees, making
(E). Sometimes an employer does not listen closely to suggestions from employees, making
34. Which of the following sentences, if inserted before sentence 10, would best improve the third
paragraph?
(A). The role of technology in the workplace is also important.
(B). The success of any business depends on effective communication with customers.
(C). Sometimes employers have legitimate complaints about their employees.
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(D). It is difficult to tell whether certain problems are caused by employees or employers.
(E). Employees rarely complain without good reason.
35. Which of the following would make the most logical final sentence for the essay?
(A). Responsibility for removal of safety hazards from the workplace lies with the employer.
(B). For most employers, open communication with employees seems somewhat difficult.
(C). The challenge of technology offers new opportunities for opening up communication in
the workplace.
(D). Without clearly assigned duties, workers tend to lose their motivation.
(E). Employers and employees should work together to improve conditions in the workplace.
1. In scenarios reminiscent of the old science fiction movie Fantastic Voyage, medical
researchers hope exploring the body with miniature robots sent into the bloodstream.
(A). hope exploring
(B). hope to explore
(C). hope it can explore
(D). have hopes to explore
(E). are having hopes of exploring
2. H. Ford Douglas, one of the few Black soldiers in White regiments during the early part of
the Civil War, and eventually to recruit and command his own unit.
(A). and eventually to recruit and command his own unit
(B). eventually recruited and commanded his own unit
(C). he eventually recruited and commanded his own unit
(D). he eventually had his own unit that he recruited and commanded
(E). having eventually recruited and commanded his own unit
3. Ignorance is not equivalent to stupidity, for ignorance can often be corrected while stupidity
cannot.
(A). for ignorance can often be corrected while stupidity cannot
(B). since you can often correct ignorance while the same is not true about stupidity
(C). because it can be corrected and the other cannot
(D). because of its correctible nature
(E). because the two differ regarding correctibility
4. Journalists should present a balanced view of the news but with their goal to stir discussion
and unsettle complacent thinkers.
(A). with their goal to stir
(B). should also stir
(C). aiming at the same time to stir
(D). also trying to stir
(E). its goal should also be in stirring
5. The ancient Spartans tested the endurance of potential warriors, devised various ordeals,
including one that required them to run bare-legged through fields of stinging nettles.
(A). warriors, devised
(B). warriors devising
(C). warriors; and devised
(D). warriors by devising
(E). warriors with the devising of
6. The lawyers representing the parking-lot operators asserted as to the defensibility of their
practices as legal and ethical.
(A). as to the defensibility of their practices as legal and ethical
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(B).
(C).
(D).
(E).
as to their practices and their defensibility on legal and ethical grounds
that their practices, that is the operators, are defensible in legal terms as well as ethics
that in regards to defensibility their practices are legally and ethically defensible
that the practices of the operators are legally and ethically defensible
7. Toni Morrison was honored by Harvard University not only as a great novelist but also she
wrote eloquently of the history of African American culture.
(A). She wrote eloquently of the history
(B). having written an eloquent history
(C). writing eloquently about the history
(D). being an eloquent historian
(E). as an eloquent historian
8. Although Central Park in Manhattan is better known than Prospect Park in Brooklyn, the
designer of both parks, Frederick Law Olmsted, preferred Prospect Park.
(A). Although Central Park in Manhattan is better known than Prospect Park in Brooklyn, the
designer of both parks, Frederick Law Olmsted, preferred Prospect Park.
(B). Central Park in Manhattan being better known than Prospect Park in Brooklyn, the
designer of both, Frederick Law Olmsted, preferred the latter.
(C). Although not as well known as Central Park, Frederick Law Olmsted, he designed both
parks, preferred prospect Park.
(D). The designer of both Central Park and Prospect Park was Frederick Law Olmsted, he
preferred Prospect Park.
(E). Although more people know about Manhattan’s Central park than Prospect Park in
Brooklyn, Frederick Law Olmsted, having designed both, has preferred the latter.
9. Because Uranus is nearly three billion kilometers from the Sun and is enveloped by a thick
methane cloud layer, this blocks almost all solar radiation.
(A). layer, this blocks almost all solar radiation
(B). layer, this accounts for its receiving almost no solar radiation
(C). layer is the reason why it receives almost no solar radiation
(D). layer, almost no solar radiation reaches the planet
(E). layer, it blocks almost all solar radiation from reaching the planet
10. Lacking good instruction, my mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends
were numerous.
(A). my mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends were numerous
(B). I made numerous mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends
(C). there were numerous mistakes in the graph I created to illustrate historical trends
(D). I created a graph to illustrate historical trends with numerous mistakes
(E). the graph I made for illustrating historical trends had numerous mistakes
11. It is a myth that mathematicians are so absorbed with abstractions and thus have no
practical interests.
(A). so absorbed with abstractions and thus
(B). absorbed by abstractions and therefore
(C). so absorbed in abstractions that they
(D). absorbed in so much abstraction that they
(E). too abstract, and so they
12. By simply entering an Internet website or calling a toll-free number, a catalog order can be
placed for almost anything from cheesecakes to fully equipped desktop computers.
(A). a catalog order can be placed
(B). by placing a catalog order
(C). they will place your catalog order
(D). you can place a catalog order
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(E). your catalog order can be placed
13. Some people believe that one day we will establish not only bases on the Moon, but also a
landing on Neptune will occur.
(A). we will establish not only bases on the Moon, but also a landing on Neptune will occur
(B). not only bases on the Moon will be established, but also a landing on Neptune will be
made
(C). we will not only establish bases on the Moon but also land on Neptune
(D). we will not only establish bases on the Moon, but we will land on Neptune in addition
(E). we will not only establish bases on the Moon, but we will land on Neptune
14. The city is populated by many people who, although their common language is English, the
languages at home range from speaking Armenian to Zapotec.
(A). the languages at home range from speaking Armenian to Zapotec
(B). speaking at home is in languages ranging from Armenian to Zapotec
(C). the languages range from Armenian to Zapotec at home
(D). speak languages at home that range from Armenian to Zapotec
(E). they are speaking languages at home ranging from Armenian to Zapotec
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SET3. OG. 5.
1.
The delegates coming this far, they did not want to return without accomplishing something.
(A). The delegates coming this far, they
(B). Coming this far, the delegates felt they
(C). Having come this far, the delegates
(D). To come this far, the delegates
(E). The delegates came this far, so that they
2.
After marching for four hours in temperatures exceeding ninety degrees, the band members
were as soaked as if marching through a rainstorm.
(A). if marching
(B). having marched
(C). if from marching
(D). if they had marched
(E). if they would have marched
3.
The harmful effects of smoking on the vascular system is increasingly well documented.
(A). is increasingly well documented
(B). is more and more documented
(C). are increasingly well documented
(D). are increasing in better documentation
(E). has increased in better documentation
4.
The issue the council debated, which was whether repeal of rent control will improve housing
or just increase profits for landlords.
(A). debated, which was whether repeal of rent control will improve
(B). debated was if they would repeal rent control would this improve
(C). debated was that repeal of rent control would result in improved
(D). debated was will repealing rent control mean improvement in
(E). debated was whether repeal of rent control would improve
5.
American journalist Harriet Quimby, the first woman to pilot a plane across the English
Channel, doing it just nine years after the Wright brothers' first powered flight.
(A). Harriet Quimby, the first woman to pilot a plane across the English Channel, doing it
(B). Harriet Quimby the first woman who piloted a plane across the English Channel, and who
did so
(C). Harriet Quimby became the first woman to have piloted a plane across the English
Channel and did it
(D). Harriet Quimby became the first woman to pilot a plane across the English Channel,
accomplishing this feat
(E). Harriet Quimby was the first woman piloting a plane across the English Channel, the feat
was accomplished
6.
Naomi and Charles will represent Ammonton High in the debating contest, their work in this
having been excellent this year.
(A). contest, their work in this having been excellent this year
(B). contest; they have done excellent work this year in this
(C). contest, for this year they have done excellent work in this
(D). contest, for their work as public speakers has been excellent this year
(E). contest; their work as public speakers having been excellent this year
7.
The poem's colorful images and its verbal wit give the reader pleasure.
(A). give the reader pleasure
(B). please the one who is reading
(C). gives pleasure to the one who reads it
(D). give one pleasure in the reading of it
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(E). gives one pleasure in reading it
8.
Being as she is a gifted storyteller, Linda Goss is an expert at describing people and places.
(A). Being as she is a gifted storyteller
(B). In being a gifted storyteller
(C). A gifted storyteller
(D). Although she is a gifted storyteller
(E). Telling stories giftedly
9.
Although the English artist William Blake never having painted portraits, he regarded them
as merely mechanical reproductions that, despite their popularity lacked true creativity.
(A). Although the English artist William Blake never having painted portraits, he regarded the
(B). The English artist William Blake never painted portraits, he regarded them
(C). Never having painted a portrait, they were regarded by the English artist William Blake
(D). The English artist William Blake never painted portraits; however, regarding them
(E). The English artist William Blake never painted portraits because he regarded them
10. The heat was already overwhelming and lasted a week, which duration made it seem sheer
torture.
(A). overwhelming and lasted a week, which duration made it seem
(B). overwhelming, and because of lasting a week, it made it seem
(C). overwhelming and lasted the duration of a week to make it to seem
(D). overwhelming, and its lasting a week made it seem
(E). overwhelming and, by lasting a week, making it seem
11. The reason first novels are so often their writers' best work is that it draws upon all the
experiences of childhood.
(A). is that it draws upon
(B). is that these first efforts draw upon
(C). is because of these first efforts drawing from
(D). is because of them drawing upon
(E). is their drawing from
12. Directed by George Wolfe, the Broadway musical Bring in 'Da Noise, Bring in 'Da Funk
telling (A) how (B) tap dancing evolved from (C) the African American experience in the
decades following (D) the Civil War. No error (E)
13. The question of whether (A) certain chemical fertilizers are a curse or are they (B) a blessing
is (C) still being debated (D). No error (E)
14. People which need (A) immediate reeducation for employment are (B) impatient with (C) the
prolonged debate over (D) funding for the new national program. No error (E)
15. The thoughtful student wonders what Patrick Henry meant (A) when he talked (B) about
liberty because (C) most of the members of the House of Burgesses then having been (D)
slaveholders. No error (E)
16. One challenge that writer Eleanor Wong Telemaque faced was how preserving (A) her ethnic
identity while becoming (B) more accessible to (C) readers who are not accustomed (D) to
writers from other cultural backgrounds. No error (E)
17. No one objects to (A) his company, even though he has made insulting remarks about (B)
almost every (C) member of the group, when (D) he is a remarkably witty man. No error (E)
18. Just how (A) critical an improved balance of trade is to (B) a healthy economy has never
been (C) more clearer (D) than it is now. No error (E)
19. Critics contend that (A) reforms in welfare has not managed (B)
to bring the high
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percentage of our nation's children living in poverty the economic security that they need (C)
to thrive (D) .No error (E)
20. Crabs living in (A) polluted waters will come in contact with (B) large numbers of
disease-causing microorganisms because it feeds (C) by filtering (D) nutrients from water.
No error (E)
21. The new system, which uses (A) remote cameras in the catching of (B) speeding motorists
(C), may undermine (D) the police department's authority. No error (E)
22. Although the politician was initially (A) very sensitive to be criticized (B) by the press, he
quickly became (C) more confident about responding to (D) reporters' sometimes pointed
questions. No error (E)
23. Although (A) Pre-Raphaelite artists advocated the close study of nature (B), their (C)
paintings sometimes seem elaborately artificial (D) to modern viewers. No error (E)
24. Lions and tigers may be (A) identical in size, but (B) the tiger is the fiercer (C) animal and
the lion the strongest (D). No error (E)
25. The decline in science education during the period had (A) two causes: less funding for (B)
scientific Research with a decrease (C) in jobs related to (D) space and defense. No error (E)
26. The number of awards given this year (A) to biochemists accentuate (B) the significant gains
(C) being made in (D) the study of the chemistry of living organisms. No error (E)
27. The novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen was once (A) more widely read (B) and was
more popular (C) in high schools in the United States than Charlotte Bronte (D). No error (E)
28. Until it (A) can be replaced by a faster (B), more efficient, and more economical means of
transportation, trucks will carry most (C) of the freight within and through (D) metropolitan
areas. No error (E)
29. Nearly all (A) of the editors of the magazine agree (B) that of the two articles to be published
(C), Fujimura's is the more exciting (D). No error (E)
(1) This summer I felt as if I were listening in on the Middle Ages with a hidden microphone.
(2) No, there were no microphones in those days. (3) But there were letters, and sometimes these
letters speak to me like voices from very long ago.
(4) A book I found contained selected letters from five generations of a family. (5) The
Pastons, who lived in a remote part of England over 500 years ago.
(6) Getting anywhere in the Middle Ages was really hard, with deep rivers and few bridges
and sudden snowstorms coming on in the empty lands between settlements. (7) An earl rebelled in
London, so that a messenger rode for days to tell the distant head of the Paston family of a feared
civil war.
(8) Through the letters a modem reader can sense their anxieties about rebellious sons and
daughters, belligerent neighbors, outbreaks of plague, and shortages of certain foods and textiles.
(9) Unbelievably, there is a 1470 love letter. (10) The man who wrote it ends "I beg you, let no one
see this letter. (11) As soon as you have read it, burn it, for I would not want anyone to see it." (12)
I was sitting on the front porch with bare feet on the hottest afternoon in July and I read that with a
shiver. (13) I had been part of a centuries-old secret.
30. The best way to describe the relationship of sentence 2 to sentence 1 is that sentence 2
(A). anticipates a reader's possible response to sentence 1
(B). provides historical background for sentence 1
(C). repeats the idea presented in sentence 1
(D). introduces a contrasting view of sentence 1
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(E). corrects an inaccuracy stated in sentence 1
31. Which of the following sentences would be most logical to insert before sentence 4?
(A). I first came across these letters while browsing in a library.
(B). No, I am not dreaming; I have been reading them.
(C). On the contrary, microphones are a recent invention.
(D). Obviously, a library can open the door to mystery.
(E). However, letters are not the oldest form of communication.
32. In context, which is the best version of the underlined portions of sentences 4 and 5
(reproduced below)?
A book I found contained selected letters from five generations of a family. The Pas tons, who
lived in a remote part of England over 500 years ago.
(A). (as it is now)
(B). a family. The Pastons, living
(C). a family; it was the Pastons living
(D). the Paston family, who lived
(E). the family named Paston and living
33. In context, which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 7
(reproduced below)?
An earl rebelled in London, so that a messenger rode for days to tell the distant head of the
Paston family of a feared civil war.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). An earl had rebelled in London, so
(C). For example, with a rebelling earl in London
(D). While an earl rebels in London,
(E). Once, when an earl rebelled in London,
34. In context, which is the best revision to make to sentence 8 (reproduced below)?
Through the letters a modern reader can sense their anxieties about rebellious sons and
daughters, belligerent neighbors, outbreaks of plague, and shortages of certain foods and
textiles.
(A). Insert "one's reading of' after "Through".
(B). Change "their" to "the Pastons' ".
(C). Change "sense" to "record".
(D). Delete some of the examples.
(E). Insert "etc." after "textiles".
35. All of the following strategies are used by the writer of the passage EXCEPT
(A). background explanation
(B). imaginative description
(C). rhetorical questions
(D). personal narration
(E). direct quotation
1.
At Versailles after the First World War, the Allies believed they had drafted a treaty that
would have ensured permanent peace.
(A). would have ensured permanent peace
(B). would ensure permanent peace
(C). had ensured permanent peace
(D). will ensure permanent peace
(E). ensures permanent peace
2.
The new bird sanctuary, consisting of one hundred acres of unspoiled tideland and is
protected by the state.
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(A). sanctuary, consisting of one hundred acres of unspoiled tideland, and is protected by the
state
(B). sanctuary is protected by the state, it consists of one hundred acres of unspoiled tideland
(C). sanctuary, consisting of one hundred acres of unspoiled tideland, is protected by the state
(D). sanctuary is protected by the state consisting of one hundred acres of unspoiled tideland
(E). sanctuary to consist of one hundred acres of unspoiled tideland and to be protected by the
state
3.
Most people know about calories and nutrition, but they do not use this knowledge to lose
weight permanently and keep it off.
(A). permanently and keep it off
(B). permanent and have it stay off
(C). and have it be off permanently
(D). and make it permanent
(E). and keep it off permanently
4.
No sooner had Andrea del Sarto traveled to France to work for the French king but his wife
persuaded him to return to Italy.
(A). but his wife persuaded him to return
(B). but his wife had him persuaded into returning
(C). than he was persuaded by his wife that he will return
(D). but he was persuaded by his wife into returning
(E). than his wife persuaded him to return
5.
During the 1980's and early 1990's, one reason highways in the United States became safer
than ever, the use of seat belts increased to about 67 percent nationwide.
(A). ever, the use of seat belts increased to about 67 percent nationwide
(B). ever, nationwide, the use of seat belts increased to about 67 percent
(C). ever, there was a nationwide increase in seat belt use to 67 percent
(D). ever since they increased seat belt use to 67 percent nationwide
(E). ever was that the use of seat belts nationwide increased to about 67 percent
6.
Chaplin will not be remembered for espousing radical causes any more than they will
remember Wayne for endorsing conservative political candidates.
(A). any more than they will remember Wayne
(B). as will Wayne not be remembered
(C). any more than Wayne will be remembered
(D). just as they will not remember Wayne
(E). no more than Wayne will be remembered
7.
Civil rights leader and author W. E. B. Du Bois was interested in drama because he believed
that if you represented historical events on stage it could have a greater, more lasting effect
than any exhibit or lecture.
(A). if you represented historical events on stage it
(B). with the events of history represented on stage they
(C). events which were represented historically on stage
(D). by representing historical events on stage
(E). representing historical events on stage
8.
Many colleges are adopting work-study programs, which offer practical advantages to both
the students and the institutions.
(A). programs, which offer practical advantages to both the students and
(B). programs, which offers practical advantages to both the students and
(C). programs, which offer both practical advantages to the students plus
(D). programs; it offers practical advantages to both the students as well as
(E). programs; this offers practical advantages both to the students and
9.
One of the first people to recognize the talent of Langston Hughes, Jessie Fauset, was an
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editor at Crisis magazine, publishing Hughes's poetry in 1921.
(A). Jessie Fauset, was an editor at Crisis magazine publishing
(B). Jessie Fauset who edited Crisis magazine and published
(C). Jessie Fauset edited Crisis magazine who published
(D). Jessie Fauset, an editor at Crisis magazine, published
(E). the editor, Jessie Fauset, published at Crisis magazine
10. Until being widely hunted for its ivory and blubber in the eighteenth century, walruses were
plentiful in the waters of the northeastern United States.
(A). Until being widely hunted for its
(B). Before having been widely hunted for its
(C). Up to them being widely hunted for their
(D). Until they were widely hunted for their
(E). Before they have been widely hunted for their
11. Jesse passed the California bar examination last year, and he has been practicing law in
California ever since.
(A). and he has been practicing law in California ever since
(B). since that time he has practiced law there
(C). where ever since he practices law
(D). he has been practicing law in California since then
(E). and since then is practicing law there
12. Persuading even the queasiest of readers to spend hours learning about an extravagant variety
of invertebrates, the effect of Richard Conniff s Spineless Wonders is to render the repulsive
beautiful.
(A). the effect of Richard Conniff’s Spineless Wonders is to render the repulsive beautiful
(B). Richard Conniff renders the repulsive beautiful in Spineless Wonders
(C). the effect of Spineless Wonders, by Richard Conniff, is to render the repulsive beautiful
(D). Richard Conniff has had the effect of rendering the repulsive beautiful in Spineless
Wonders
(E). Spineless Wonders, by Richard Conniff, has effect in rendering the repulsive beautiful
13. Most drivers know not only that excessive speeding on highways wastes gasoline, but also
that it is dangerous.
(A). know not only that excessive speeding on highways wastes
(B). know that excessive speeding on highways could be wasteful of
(C). are knowledgeable that excessive speeding on highways not only wastes
(D). have known that excessive speeding on highways wastes not only
(E). know that excessive speeding on highways not only by itself can waste
14. Walt Disney's first success was his third Mickey Mouse film, in which Disney produced a
cartoon with sound, and Mickey was made to talk.
(A). sound, and Mickey was made to talk
(B). sound and making Mickey talk
(C). sound, with the result being Mickey talking
(D). sound in where Mickey talks
(E). sound and made Mickey talk
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SET4. OG. 6.
1.
One of the most popular and attractive new cars were available for so little money that people
thought something was wrong.
(A). were available for so little money that people thought something was
(B). was available for so little money that people thought something were
(C). was available for so little money that people thought something has gone
(D). was available for so little money that people thought something was
(E). was selling for very little money, so people thought of it as something was
2.
The tornado ripped through the central part of town, toppling small buildings, uprooting trees,
and power lines were snapped.
(A). power lines were snapped
(B). power lines snapping
(C). snapping power lines
(D). snapped power lines
(E). power lines snapped
3.
As I entered the Pantheon, a building that has existed in Rome since ancient times, my
brother is turning to me to whisper that the great rotunda of the Pantheon was a haven of
peace and harmony.
(A). is turning to me to whisper
(B). turned to me and whispered
(C). turns to me and is whispering
(D). turns and also whispers to me
(E). would turn and whisper to me
4.
No one is more sorrier than me that you missed the awards ceremony.
(A). more sorrier than me
(B). sorrier than I
(C). more sorry like myself
(D). as sorry like I am
(E). sorrier but me
5.
Many people were alarmed by the Supreme Court ruling that gave judges discretionary
power to determine about closing trials to the public.
(A). about closing trials
(B). whether he or she ought to close trials
(C). whether trials should be closed
(D). if he or she should close trials
(E). the closing of trials, if they wish
6.
The mountain’s summit having been reached, the weary climbers gazed down upon a scene
of indescribable grandeur.
(A). The mountain’s summit having been reached
(B). The summit of the mountain being reached
(C). At the mountain’s summit, when they reached it
(D). When they reached the mountain’s summit
(E). When having reached the mountain’s summit
7.
Whether the ancient Egyptians actually sailed or did not to South America remains uncertain,
but Heyerdahl’s Ra II expedition demonstrated that they could have done so.
(A). Whether the ancient Egyptians actually sailed or did not
(B). Whether in actuality the ancient Egyptians sailed or did not
(C). The actuality of the sailing by the ancient Egyptians
(D). That the ancient Egyptians actually sailed
(E). The ancient Egyptians, their actual sailing
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8.
In 1969 Baldwin High School defeated Ross Academy in the district’s first televised quiz
bowl game, even so, they did not win again until 1983.
(A). game, even so, they
(B). game, so they
(C). game, they
(D). game; as a result, it
(E). game, but it
9.
Isolated by the sea, the aboriginal peoples of Australia had developed a unique culture long
before the arrival of Europeans.
(A). had developed a unique culture
(B). had a unique culture and it developed
(C). having developed a unique culture
(D). have a unique culture, it developed
(E). have a unique culture; development was
10. Although criticized by a few for her daredevil aviation escapades, most people viewed
Amelia Earhart as a skillful pilot.
(A). most people viewed Amelia Earhart as a skillful pilot
(B). most people viewed Amelia Earhart to be a skillful pilot
(C). a skillful pilot was what most people viewed Amelia Earhart as
(D). Amelia Earhart was viewed by most people as a skillful pilot
(E). most people Amelia Earhart, a skillful pilot in the view of most people
11. Among the Inuit peoples of arctic Canada, poetry contests are held to settle conflicts that
might otherwise be disruptive to families and communities.
(A). that might otherwise be disruptive to families and communities
(B). that otherwise, to families and communities, were disrupting them
(C). and they are otherwise disruptive to families and communities
(D). by which families and communities were otherwise being disrupted
(E). whereby families and communities that might otherwise be disrupted are not
12. Brand-name prescription drugs are often more (A) familiar to consumers (B) than generic
drugs, but the latter are not nearly (C) as expensive than (D) brand-name drugs. No error (E)
13. In 1508 (A), the Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon—the same (B) Ponce de Leon who
later would seek (C) the fountain of youth—landed on Puerto Rico accompanied (D) by a
small force. No error (E)
14. Because they (A) painted scenes of life as ordinary people lived it (B), rather than (C) scenes
from myths, many nineteenth-century American artists differed from earlier times (D). No
error (E)
15. Few issues of public policy are (A) as likely (B) to provoke widespread interest as that (C)
involving possible danger to (D) the health or safety of children. No error (E)
16. The young fish were (A) very tiny, yet each of them ate (B) many times its (C) own weight in
(D) solid food every day. No error (E)
17. In the opinion (A) of the lecturer, a background (B) in the history of the Middle Ages is not a
condition necessary in (C) the enjoyment of (D) medieval literature. No error (E)
18. Driving less (A) frequently is one way to save energy; to turn off (B) all appliances when
they are (C) not being used is another (D). No error (E)
19. After Gertrude Ederle had swam (A) the English Channel, she was celebrated as (B) the first
woman ever to accomplish (C) the feat (D). No error (E)
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20. When (A) a government agency encouraged the use of high-grade recycled office paper, they
(B) helped increase the availability of (C) writing paper and envelopes made from (D)
recycled paper. No error (E)
21. Malaria, a disease which has been (A) almost completely eradicated in the United States, is
still a threat (B) of travelers (C) in some (D) foreign countries. No error (E)
22. If (A) I am reading the editorial correct (B), the mayor is deliberately avoiding any (C)
discussion of the tax-reform bill until after (D) the November elections. No error (E)
23. The Papago Indians of southern Arizona take justifiable pride in (A) their (B) traditional craft
of basket-weaving, an art that has brought (C) them fame throughout (D) the Southwest. No
error (E)
24. The record left by fossils, the ancient remains of plants and animals, provide (A) scientists
with (B) their primary source of (C) information about (D) prehistoric life. No error (E)
25. The exchange between the teacher and the student promotes (A) learning far different (B)
from that which results as (C) the student listens but does not (D) participate. No error (E)
26. Studying (A) the language and culture of a foreign country is highly recommended to (B) the
tourist who expect (C) to learn from (D) his or her vacation abroad. No error (E)
27. For we (A) students, concern about impending (B) tuition hikes was even more acute than (C)
apprehension about (D) final exams. No error (E)
28. The jury took offense (A) at the prosecutor’s mocking tone but could deny (B) neither the
accuracy of (C) the charges or (D) the seriousness of the crime. No error (E)
29. Available through the school’s guidance office is (A) a job directory and a list of job referral
centers that provide (B) information for (C) students in need of (D) employment. No error (E)
(1) I have started to wonder if there is a skunk sharing my family’s home. (2) Although I’ve
never seen one in our yard in the daytime, several times recently, around midnight, I have sniffed
that familiar odor through the open bedroom window. (3) While usually unable to locate the
source of it, even on a moonlit night. (4) However, twice, I got to the window in time to glimpse
an indistinct black-and-white bundle scooting across the yard, heading away from the front corner
of the house. (5) Whatever it is, it seemed that the creature has a burrow under our front porch.
(6) Sometime, probably in daylight, when I’ve gathered my courage and put on a gas mask,
maybe I’ll crawl under there for the purpose of looking around visually. (7) But what if it really is
a skunk? (8) I know that a skunk’s Latin name is Mephitis mephitis, and that skunks should not be
confused with polecats. (9) Getting in a skunk’s way, these facts will not help you much. (10)
Welcome to Aromaville! (11) Evicting a skunk is probably not a pleasant task.
(12) Maybe it’s not all that important to know for sure if it’s a skunk. (13) In fact, maybe the
best solution would be if we simply moved away.
30. In context, which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 3
(reproduced below)?
While usually unable to locate the source of it, even on a moonlit night.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). Usually, however, I have been unable to locate its source
(C). Usually, though, the source could not have been located
(D). Having been unable, usually, to locate its source
(E). Without being able to locate its source
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31. Of the following, which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of
sentences 5 below?
Whatever it is, it seemed that the creature has a burrow under our front porch.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). In spite of what it is, it seems that the creature has
(C). The creature, whatever it was, seemingly having
(D). It would seem, whatever it is, that it would have
(E). Whatever the creature is, it seems to have
32. In the first paragraph (sentences 1-5), the author is primarily
(A). informing the reader about the behavior of skunks
(B). providing examples to argue a point
(C). ridiculing those who dislike skunks
(D). relating a story about personal experiences
(E). casting doubt on a common misconception
33. Of the following, which of the following is the best way to revise and combine the underlined
portions of sentences 8 and 9 (reproduced below)?
I know that a skunk’s Latin name is Mephitis mephitis, and that skunks should not be
confused with polecats. Getting in a skunk’s way, these facts will not help you much.
(A). polecats, but getting in the way of a skunk
(B). polecats, but if you get in a skunk’s way
(C). polecats; consequently, if you get in a skunk’s way
(D). polecats; then, to get in the way of a skunk
(E). polecats: getting in a skunk’s way
34. Which of the following should be done with sentence 11 (reproduced below)?
Evicting a skunk is probably not a pleasant task.
(A). Insert the word “Definitely” at the beginning.
(B). Delete it; the point has already been made.
(C). Move it to the end of the essay as a summary statement.
(D). Move it to the end of paragraph 1 (after sentence 5).
(E). Move it to the beginning of the essay as an introduction.
35. The primary effect of the final paragraph (sentences 12 and 13) is to
(A). continue the essay’s tone of playful humor
(B). summarize the ideas introduced in the preceding paragraph
(C). give an example to prove the point of the first paragraph
(D). use persuasion to change the reader’s opinion
(E). explain contradictions within the essay
1. For as many as twenty years and more Joseph Conrad lived the life of a sailor.
(A). For as many as twenty years and more
(B). For not much more than about twenty years
(C). For a little over twenty years and more
(D). For twenty years and then some
(E). For more than twenty years
2. The duties of a firefighter are often as dangerous as a police officer.
(A). as a police officer
(B). as those of a police officer
(C). like a police officer
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(D). such as a police officer
(E). like a police officer’s
3. Pearl Buck, one of the most popular writers of her day, winning the Nobel Prize in Literature
in 1938 for her novels about China.
(A). day, winning the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938 for her novels about China
(B). day, winning the Nobel Prize in Literature, which she won in 1938 for her novels about
China
(C). day, and she won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938 for her novels about China
(D). day, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938 for her novels about China
(E). day, her novels about China bringing her the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938
4. The first world computer chess championship, held in Stockholm was won by a Russian
computer program called Kaissa, and there were four Kaissa victories and no defeats.
(A). Kaissa, and there were four Kaissa victories and no defeats
(B). Kaissa, which had four victories and no defeats
(C). Kaissa, having four victories and with no defeats
(D). Kaissa, which was victorious four times and no defeats
(E). Kaissa; it was won by four victories and no defeats
5. Anyone who has high motivation or is reasonably intelligent can learn to play a competent
game of chess.
(A). has high motivation or is reasonably intelligent
(B). has either high motivation or else intelligence in reasonable amounts
(C). is highly motivated or who has reasonable intelligence instead
(D). is highly motivated or reasonably intelligent
(E). has high motivation or else reasonable amounts of intelligence
6. Although Jonathan is very much interested in Mexican culture, he does not speak Spanish and
has never visited Mexico.
(A). he does not speak Spanish and has never visited Mexico
(B). it is without being able to speak Spanish or having visited Mexico
(C). he does not speak Spanish and has never visited there
(D). he does not speak Spanish nor has he ever visited there
(E). it is without speaking Spanish nor having visited there
7. The more you eat of convenience food, the more our taste buds will prefer chemical flavors to
natural ones.
(A). The more you eat of convenience food
(B). The more we eat convenience foods
(C). The more convenience foods are eaten
(D). As the use of convenience foods increases
(E). As people eat more convenience foods
8. Having Florence Nightingale as their leader and a growing awareness of the need for
cleanliness helped to bring about the establishment of standards of hygiene in hospitals.
(A). Having Florence Nightingale as their leader
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(B). Having the leadership of Florence Nightingale’s
(C). Florence Nightingale as their leader
(D). To be led by Florence Nightingale
(E). The leadership of Florence Nightingale
9. An expedition was sent in 1949 to check a Turkish villager’s reporting he had seen the
remains of Noah’s ark on Mount Ararat.
(A). a Turkish villager’s reporting
(B). the report of a Turkish villager that
(C). the reporting of a Turkish villager
(D). that a Turkish villager who reported
(E). the Turkish villager report saying
10. Many communities in my state are forming neighborhood watch programs, for it will deter
criminals.
(A). programs, for it will deter
(B). programs, in which it will deter
(C). programs that will deter
(D). programs for the deterrence of
(E). programs being able to deter
11. Friends of Dreiser reported that he was fired from his first job for the reason that his news
stories were sympathetic always for the poor.
(A). for the reason that his news stories were sympathetic always for the poor
(B). since his news stories for the poor that were always sympathetic
(C). because his sympathy to the poor was always in his news stories
(D). the fact being that his news stories were always sympathetic about the poor
(E). because his news stories were always sympathetic to the poor
12. An article suggests that The Great Gatsby was not read during the 1930’s, the reason was that
the novel described a lifestyle made extinct and frivolous by the current Great Depression.
(A). 1930’s, the reason was that the novel described a lifestyle made extinct and frivolous
(B). 1930’s, it is describing a lifestyle that was made an extinct and frivolous one
(C). 1930’s; describing a lifestyle made extinct and frivolous
(D). 1930’s because the novel described a lifestyle made extinct and frivolous
(E). 1930’s because its description had been of an extinct and frivolous lifestyle, caused by
13. Computers compiling statistics for scientists have supplied a deluge of information, and it has
changed the way that research is conducted.
(A). a deluge of information, and it has
(B). a great deal of information, and that is
(C). so much information; it is, therefore
(D). so much information that they have
(E). so much information, which they have been
14. Of all the states represented at the conference, the governor of Missouri was the only one to
present plans for enforcing the new regulations.
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(A). the governor of Missouri was the only one to present
(B). making the governor from Missouri the only one to present
(C). Missouri’s governor only presented
(D). Missouri’s governor presented the only
(E). Missouri was the only one whose governor presented
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SET5. OG. 7.
1.
Mr. Chung would like to retire, but retirement is unable to be afforded by him.
(A). Mr. Chung would like to retire, but retirement is unable to be afforded by him.
(B). Mr. Chung would like to retire, but be cannot afford to do so.
(C). Mr. Cluing would like to retire, but he is unable to afford that.
(D). Retirement is what Mr. Chung would like to do, but he could not afford it.
(E). Retirement appeals to Mr. Chung, but he cannot afford stopping working.
2.
The Ussuri tiger, a relative of the Bengal tiger, has been described as the strongest tiger and
also the most peaceful of them.
(A). the strongest tiger and also the most peaceful of them
(B). not only the strongest tiger, but also more peaceful than any
(C). the strongest tiger at the same time as it is the most peaceful tiger
(D). at once the strongest and also the most peaceful of them
(E). the strongest and yet the most peaceful of tigers
3.
Like most new residents, the town’s winding streets confused the Curtis family for a day or
two.
(A). the town’s winding streets confused the Curtis family
(B). the winding streets of the town confusing the Curtis family
(C). the Curtis family was confused by the town’s winding streets
(D). the Curtis family, who found the town’s winding streets confusing
(E). there were winding streets in the town which confused the Curtis family
4.
The city of Houston, Texas, is about sixty miles inland, while being the third largest
foreign-trade port in the United States.
(A). is about sixty males inland, while being
(B). although about sixty miles inland, is
(C). being located about sixty miles inland makes it
(D). which is about sixty miles inland, although it is
(E). whose location is about sixty miles inland, makes it
5.
Great literature, such the Greek tragedies or the novels of Jane Austen, endures by their
speaking directly and freshly to each new generation of readers.
(A). by their speaking directly and freshly
(B). by its speaking direct and fresh
(C). because it speaks directly and freshly
(D). because of speaking direct and fresh
(E). since they speak with directness and freshness
6.
The services of architect I.M Pei are always very much in demand considering that his
buildings combine both beauty and an affordable price.
(A). considering that his buildings combine both beauty and an affordable price
(B). considering that his buildings combine both beauty and affordability
(C). because his buildings combine beauty and affordability
(D). because his buildings will combine not only beauty but also an affordable price
(E). being that his buildings will combine both beauty and affordability
7.
The tragic story of Paolo and Francesca was the subject of a poem and a symphony, being
popular throughout the nineteenth century.
(A). The tragic story of Paolo and Francesca was the subject of a poem and a symphony,
being popular throughout the nineteenth century.
(B). The tragic story of Paolo and Francesca was popular throughout the nineteenth century,
where it is being made the subject of a poem and a symphony.
(C). The tragic story of Paolo and Francesca was popular throughout the nineteenth century,
when it was the subject of both a poem and a symphony.
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(D). Paolo and Francesca ,whose tragic story was the subject of a popular poem and
symphony throughout the nineteenth century.
(E). Being the subject of a poem and a symphony, the tragic gory of Paolo and Francesca
having been popular throughout the nineteenth century.
8.
C.G. Jung, a Swiss psychologist, whose renown as a pioneer in the field of psychoanalysis
almost equals that of Sigmund Freud.
(A). C.G Jung. a Swiss psychologist, whose renown as a pioneer
(B). C.G. Jung. who was a Swiss psychologist and whose renown as a pioneer
(C). A Swiss with renown as a psychological pioneer, C.G. Jung
(D). C.G. Jung was a Swiss psychologist whose renown as a pioneer
(E). A Swiss. C.G Jung who was a psychological pioneer and whose renown
9.
Many people think taxes are too high, consequently, some of those people do not report all
the money they earn.
(A). high, consequently, some of those people do not report
(B). high, therefore, some of those people do not report
(C). high; consequently, some do no report
(D). high, some people do not report
(E). high, and therefore not reporting
10. Just as Ireland has produced many famous writers and the Netherlands an abundance of
famous painters, so Finland has provided a large number of famous architects.
(A). so Finland has provided a large number of famous architects
(B). Finland provides famous architects, and by large numbers
(C). Finland’s contribution is to provide famous architects in a large number
(D). and so then, for Finland, a large number of famous architects is provided
(E). and like them Finland has provided a large number of famous architects
11. Readers of the novice writer’s recent book have said that it is at once frustrating because of
its chaotic structure but its originality is still a delight.
(A). but its originality is still a delight
(B). although it is delightfully original
(C). and it is delightful in its originality
(D). while being so original as so delight them
(E). and delightful because of its originality
12. Much of (A) the success of Frank Capra and George Stevens as a director (B) of motion
pictures can be attributed to (C) the technical work (D) of talented film editors. No error (E)
13. It was fortunate that (A) Ms. Seward attended the committee meeting, for only she was able
(B) to examine (C) the problem calm (D) and thoughtfully. No error (E)
14. My colleague and myself (A) received an award for (B) our paper on the accuracy with
which (C) a polygraph measures (C) physiological processes. No error (E)
15. A lack of (A) job opportunities for recent graduates restricts their (B) independence, often
forcing them (C) to remain at home or else they move (D) back home. No error (E)
16. Marathon racing, a challenging test of endurance, has become (A) increasingly (B) popular
among (C) amateur athletes in the last few (D) years. No error (E)
17. Crossing and recrossing (A) the stream, stepping on or over slippery rocks, and following (B)
a trail that grew (C) steeper and steeper, the hikers soon realized how challenging (D) their
day would be. No error (E)
18. Though best known (A) as a jazz vocalist, he also enjoyed (B) gospel music, whereby (C) he
told his manager that he wanted to make a recording of (D) his favorite gospel songs. No
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error (E)
19. In the foothills of that large mountain range is (A) the sources of a river whose course (B)
was not fully mapped (C) until (D) this century. No error (E)
20. In 1850 Jim Beckwourth, a Black .American explorer, discovered (A) in the (B) mountains of
the Sierra Nevada a pass soon becoming (C) an important gateway to (D) California
gold-rash country. No error (E)
21. Because the flood has made the bridge inaccessible to (A) automobiles and pedestrians alike
(B), we had rented (C) a small boat to reach (D) the island. No error (E)
22. The Mount Isa mine complex is one of (A) the most highly mechanized (B) in the world, plus
being (C) the largest single (D) industrial enterprise in Queensland. No error (E)
23. Although (A) one likes to believe (B) that your own (C) children are beautiful, intelligent,
and well behaved, what one believes is not always the case (D). No error (E)
24. The warning in the plays is (A) clear: unless (B) we restore the integrity of the family (C), all
traditional values will disappear (D). No error (E)
25. As a student becomes familiar with (A) both early and contemporary Native American
Literature, one (B) may notice that (C) traditional stories have influenced (D) recent ones. No
error (E)
26. John Edgar Wildman is regarded to be (A) one of (B) the most talented writers of the late
twentieth century and is often compared to (C) such literary giants as (D) Ralph Ellison and
Rich.ad Wright. No error (E)
27. Mastery of (A) cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques are (B) mandatory for (C)
firefighters and police officers as wells as (D) rescue squad volunteers. No error (E)
28. In (A) the United States, the industrial use of (B) plastics is (C) greater than steel (D),
aluminum, and copper combined. No error (E)
29. The dolls in the collection, all (A) more than (B) two hundred years old, had been carefully
(C) carved for children long since (D) gone. No error (E)
Questions 30-35 are based on the following essay, a response to an assignment to write about a
historical figure one would like to meet.
(1) What person from the past would I most like to meet? (2) Not a famous or powerful
person; I would prefer meeting a really good observer who lived in a faraway place at a dramatic
moment in time. (3) Nancy Gardner Prince, a young African American woman who went to live at
the imperial Russian court in 1824. (4) Some of the most famous eve in Russian history took place
then, these was a time when people challenged the government, fought hardly for social reform,
risking being defeated and punished. (5) Nancy Gardner Prince was right there in Saint Petersburg.
(6) Anyone can read about this period, but I would love to listen to that woman who was born and
raised in Massachusetts who heard the rumors and felt the unrest.
(7) Her ability so speak several languages enabled her to gather stories from eyewitnesses of
major events like the uprising of December 1825. (8) She shared in the hope and sadness of those
long-ago people. (9) We know that she tried to learn about everything she found—I believe she
would have much so say about the many countries she lived in. (10) For nine years she worked
and moved through all levels of society, from meeting with the empress on charitable project so
fostering poor children. (11)Talking to Nancy Prince would be just great.
30. In context, which of the following is the best phrase to insert at the beginning of sentence 3?
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(A).
(B).
(C).
(D).
(E).
That one is
My choice would be
In any case, that would be
An excellent observer,
Nevertheless, I have chosen
31. In context, which of the following revisions would NOT improve sentence 4 (reproduced
below)?
Some of the nest famous events in Russian history took place then, there was a time when
people challenged the government, fought hardly for social reforms, risking being defeated
and punished.
(A). Begin with “I should explain”.
(B). Change “then, there” to “then. It”.
(C). Delete the comma after “government” and insert “and”.
(D). Change “hardly” to “passionately”.
(E). Change “being defeated and punished” to “defeat and punishment”.
32. Sentence 5 in the passage is best described as
(A). introducing a new topic
(B). providing an additional example
(C). emphasizing a major point
(D). linking two contrasting discussions
(E). presenting a personal opinion
33. In context, which revision appropriately shortens sentence 6 (reproduced below)?
Anyone can read about this period, but I would love to listen to that woman who was born
and raised in Massachusetts who heard the rumors and felt the unrest.
(A). Change “Anyone can read” to “Read”.
(B). Change “this period” to “this”.
(C). Change “I would love to listen” to “to listen”.
(D). Change “who was born and raised in” to “from”.
(E). Delete “and felt the unrest”.
34. Which of the following is the best sentence to insert at the beginning of the second
paragraph?
(A). The Journey from Massachusetts had been long.
(B). In 1824 Saint Petersburg was a turbulent city.
(C). Russian history has fascinated me for years.
(D). Unfortunately, Prince faced hush winters in Saint Petersburg.
(E). Prince was an ideal observer in several ways.
35. In context, which of the following revisions would NOT improve sentence 9 (reproduced
below)?
We know that she tried to learn about everything she found—I believe she would have much
so say about the many countries she lived in.
(A). Delete “We know that”.
(B). Delete “I believe”.
(C). Change “found” to “encountered”.
(D). Change the dash to a semicolon.
(E). Change “much” to “tons of things”.
1. Before signing up for next year’s courses, the students’ schedules must be approved by their
advisers.
(A). the students’ schedules must be approved by their advisers
(B). the students must have their schedules approved by their advisers
(C). their advisers must approve the schedule of each student
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(D). the schedules of students must be approved, and by their advisers
(E). approval of each one’s schedule must be given by their advisers
2. Although its being factual in content, the televised biography of Queen Elizabeth I did not
seem credible.
(A). Although its being factual in content
(B). Despite its factual content
(C). Whereas it was factual in content
(D). Its contents being factual
(E). Even though factual contents were there
3. We do not have absolute personal freedom because what anyone does would have an effect on
other people’s lives.
(A). freedom because what anyone does would have an effect on other people’s lives
(B). freedom because it has an effect on the lives of other people
(C). freedom because what we do affects other people
(D). freedom, and the reason is the effect our actions have on other people
(E). freedom, our actions having an effect on other people
4. The information age has ushered children into a global society, this situation causing
educators to lament a lack of texts that explain the diversity of cultures.
(A). this situation causing educators to lament
(B). which is the cause of educators lamenting
(C). this causing educators’ laments over
(D). a situation causing educators to lament
(E). and with it educators’ lament at
5. One result of the fire department’s new contract is that they can no longer offer overtime pay
on weekends.
(A). One result of the fire department’s new contact is that they can no longer offer overtime
pay on weekends.
(B). As one result of its new contract, the fire department can no longer offer overtime pay on
weekends.
(C). One result of the fire department’s new contract is that overtime pay on weekends can no
longer be offered to them.
(D). The fire department’s new contact results in their .no longer being able to offer them
overtime pay on weekends.
(E). One result of the fire department’s new contact are that offering overtime pay on
weekends is no longer possible.
6. Anita liked to watch television, of which she found the science programs especially
fascinating.
(A). television, of which she found the science programs especially fascinating
(B). television; she found the science programs especially fascinating
(C). television, and it was especially the science programs that were of fascination
(D). television; the fascination of the science programs especially
(E). television, especially fascinating to her were the science programs
7. Poet Anne Spencer initially allowed very little of her work to be published because her
exacting standards caused her to doubt that her poems were good enough to share with others.
(A). because her exacting standards caused her to doubt
(B). her standards being exacting, she doubted
(C). because of her standards being exacting, which she doubted
(D). from having exacting standards causing her to doubt
(E). having exacting standards causing her doubting
8. It is hard for some young people to believe that women were at one time not admitted to some
colleges, but they have since become coeducational.
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(A).
(B).
(C).
(D).
(E).
colleges, but they have since become coeducational
colleges, but they are now coeducational
colleges, and have since become coeducational
colleges that have since become coeducational
colleges, since becoming coeducational
9. The Navajo migrated from Canada to the southwestern United States at the same time as the
Apache, and they speak an Apachean language.
(A). The Navajo migrated from Canada to the southwestern United States at the same time as
the Apache, and they
(B). The Navajo, who migrated from Canada to the southwestern United States at the same
time as the Apache,
(C). Migrating from Canada to the southwestern United States at the same time were the
Navajo and the Apache, and they
(D). The Navajo migrated from Canada to the southwestern United States with the Apache
and this is why they
(E). A migration from Canada to the southwestern United States at the same time with the
Apache, the Navajo
10. Arelia believes that cloth draped over hills is an art form that cannot last long enough as a
work of art either to please or influence future generations.
(A). cannot last long enough as a work of art either to please or influence future generations
(B). cannot last long enough as a work of art, for ages to come neither pleasing or influencing
future generations
(C). is not a lasting work of art that for ages to come will either please or influence future
generations
(D). is not a lasting work of art that will remain for ages pleasing and influencing future
generations
(E). will not last long enough either to please or to influence future generations
11. The price of gold has been influenced by continued inflation and because people have lost
faith in the dollar.
(A). because people have lost faith
(B). because of the loss of faith
(C). by people which have loss faith
(D). losing faith
(E). loss of faith
12. Giraffes born with very long necks were able to stay alive when food was scarce and were
therefore able to pass this desirable trait on to their offspring.
(A). and were therefore able to pass this desirable trait on to their offspring
(B). and this desirable trait was passed on as a result to its offspring
(C). so that their offspring could have this desirable trait passed to them
(D). so, therefore, this desirable trait would be inherited by their offspring
(E). and therefore have this desirable trait inherited in their offspring
13. If we compare the number of alligators with the Gila monster over time, we see that the
alligator is in decline.
(A). If we compare the number of alligators with the Gila monster over time, we see that the
alligator is
(B). Comparing the number of alligators and the Gila monster, we see that alligators are
(C). In comparison with Gila monster, the number of alligators are
(D). To compare the alligator with Gila monsters is to show that it is
(E). A comparison over time of the numbers of alligators and Gila monsters shows that
alligators are
14. Many of the instruments used in early operations of the United States Anny Signal Corps
were adaptation of equipment used by the Plains Indians, particularly that of the heliograph.
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(A). Corps were adaptation of equipment used by the Plains Indians, particularly that of the
heliograph
(B). Corps, there were adaptations of equipment used by the Plains Indians, particularly the
heliograph
(C). Corps, and in particular the heliograph, was an adaptation of equipment used by the
Plains Indians
(D). Corps, particularly the heliograph, were adaptations of equipment used by Plains Indians
(E). Corps being adaptations, the heliograph in particular, of those used by Plains Indians
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SET6. OG. 8.
1. The problem of copyright violation, frequently compounded in certain countries because the
sale and use of copyrighted materials are not tightly controlled.
(A). violation, frequently compounded in certain countries because
(B). violation, frequently compounded in certain countries and
(C). violation, frequently compounded in certain countries when
(D). violation is frequently compounded in certain countries where
(E). violation is frequently compounded in certain countries so
2. The protesters coming this far, they decided to insist that they meet with the president of the
board before leaving the building.
(A). The protesters coming this far, they
(B). They, coming this far, the protesters
(C). Having come this far, the protesters
(D). To come this far, the protesters
(E). The protesters came this far, so that they
3. Our lab instructor gave us the assignment, and we started working busily, and we continued to
so for the reminder of the laboratory period.
(A). Our lab instructor gave us the assignment, and we started working busily, and we
continued to do so for the reminder of the laboratory period.
(B). Upon starting to work busily after we were given the assignment by our lab instructor,
we continued to do so for the remainder of the laboratory period.
(C). Following our lab instructor’s giving us the assignment, we started working busily and
continued doing just that for the rest of the laboratory period.
(D). After our lab instructor gave us the assignment, we worked busily for the remainder of
the laboratory period.
(E). We worked busily for the remainder of the laboratory period when the assignment had
been given to us by our lab instructor.
4. Activist Munaeo Oku campaigned to improve the lot of women in Japan by exposing faulty
household products, she successfully demanded that these products be recalled.
(A). exposing faulty household products, she successfully demanded that these products be
recalled
(B). exposing faulty household products and successfully demanding their recall
(C). her exposing faulty household products and successful demand of their recall
(D). exposing faulty household products, although successfully demanding that these products
be recalled
(E). exposing faulty household products whore recall she was successful in demanding
5. In response to the traditional assumption that all readers are basically alike, feminist critics
have emphasized that every woman reads from their own unique perspectives.
(A). that every woman reads from their own unique perspectives
(B). that every woman reads from her own unique perspective
(C). that all women reading from a unique perspective of their own
(D). how women reading each have unique perspectives
(E). how the unique perspectives of women are in their readings
6. The spirit of the honor code to which each student subscribes requires academic honesty,
respectful behavior, and it demands responsibility in action.
(A). requires academic honesty, respectful behavior, and it demands responsibility in action
(B). requires academic honesty, respectful behavior, and responsibility action
(C). require academic work that is honest, behavior that is respectful, and action of a
responsible nature
(D). requires academic work that is honest, being respectful in behavior, and demands
responsible action
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(E). require academic honesty, respectful behavior, and the demands of responsible action
7. Finding a wide variety of financial service in a small city is usually not as easy as it is in
metropolitan areas.
(A). it is
(B). is that
(C). for those
(D). for that
(E). are those
8. Television’s programming difficulties, already made acute by rising costs, threatens to become
even more severe as a result of lobbying by special-interest groups.
(A). already made acute by rising costs, threatens
(B). already made acute by rising costs, threaten
(C). already made acuter by rising costs, threaten
(D). having been made acute by rising costs, threatens
(E). after having been made acute by rising costs, threatens
9. Today the primary role of advertising may be to appeal and persuade rather than what it once
did, educating and informing.
(A). what it once did, educating and informing
(B). what it once did, which was educating arid informing
(C). what it once was, education and information
(D). educating and informing, what it once did
(E). what it once was, to educate and inform
10. As an undergraduate at Rutgers university, Paul Robeson developed a serious interest in
drama, which eventually led to a distinguished career as an actor during the 1920’s and
1930’s.
(A). Paul Robeson developed a serious interest in drama, which eventually led to
(B). Paul Robeson’s interest in drama developed seriously and eventually led him to
(C). where Paul Robeson developed a serious interest in drama, eventually leading him to
(D). Paul Robeson developed a serious interest in drama, having led him eventually to a
(E). where he developed a serious interest in drama, Paul Robeson, as a result, eventually
went on to
11. The Roman empire, often by questionable means, attempted to bring their version of law and
order to provinces throughout Europe.
(A). The Roman Empire, often by questionable means, attempted to bring their
(B). The Roman Empire was often questionable in its means in its attempts to bring its
(C). Using means that are often questionable, the Roman Empire, in attempting to bring its
(D). Questionable means were often used by the Roman Empire, in attempting to bring its
(E). Often by questionable means, the Roman Empire attempted to bring its
12. Although canoeing through (A) the rapids was exciting, it was (B) also exhausting, and we
were happy for a time to have the canoe float serene (C) down (D) a smooth stretch of the
river. No error (E)
13. Undoubtedly, more voters in the urban areas will have voted (A) for Julia Morton (B) if (C)
she had taken a less (D) conservative stand on zoning codes than she did. No error (E)
14. Writing about (A) people whose circumstances (B) were deplorable (C), Dickens used the
novel to protest (D) social conditions in Victorian England. No error (E)
15. It was fortunate that (A) the doctor, in spite of adverse medical conditions, was able (B) to
examine (C) the patient calm (D) and competently. No error (E)
16. In the early days (A) of the steam locomotive, compassionate (B) engineers would sometimes
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have thrown (C) coal overboard in poor (D) neighborhoods. No error (E)
17. According to the store manager, the most important workers were those which (A) had
contributed (B) to the reputation of the store rather than (C) those with the most impressive (D)
sales figures. No error (E)
18. The survey showed that (A) most shoppers who drive prefer the mall more than (B)
downtown stores simply because (C) finding parking is less difficult (D) at the mail. No error
(E)
19. For people in (A) many ancient societies, work was only a means of (B) survival rather than
(C) a way to improve your (D) standard of living. No error (E)
20. The use of (A) irrigation in (B) the once-arid region have increased (C) the production of
alfalfa and of many other crops as well (D). No error (E)
21. Unfortunately, the opening of the new library complex, previously (A) scheduled for (B) next
September, would be (C) delayed for several months because of (D) construction difficulties.
No error (E)
22. Some of the workers who resent (A) the supervisor’s authority would probably (B) feel
uncomfortable if (C) they were to acquire the independence that they demand (D). No error
(E)
23. Given her strong sense (A) of social justice, Burns vehemently (B) protested over (C) her
party’s failure to support (D) a tax decrease for senior citizens. No error (E)
24. The friendly competition between my older sister and I (A) began as soon as we learned (B)
that our aunt had joked that she might write a will leaving (C) her house to me alone (D). No
error (E)
25. People who wish to be a model (A) should remember that not all modeling is glamorous and
that (B) a great deal of it (C) is simply (D) tiring. No error (E)
26. Professor Chen repeated her point that (A) the hero, if given (B) the chance to relive (C) the
moment, would choose to do it (D). No error (E)
27. The professor’s insistence on high standards and rigorous examinations are (A) not, despite
what students think, part of (B) a plan to withhold (C) high grades from them (D). No error
(E)
28. Watkins believes that the decline of (A) the essay in (B) the United States today is largely due
(C) to the decreasing number of inquiring readers (D). No error (E)
29. Today (A) a medical doctor must often make a choice (B) between engaging in (C) private
practice or (D) engaging in research. No error (E)
Questions 30-35 are based on the following passage.
This essay was written in response to an assignment to describe an unusual person or an unusual
characteristic in a person.
(1) My mother likes to speculate about the infirmities of the great personages of past. (2) I
remember well her analysis of schizophrenia in the Dutch painter, Vincent Van Gogh, and
psychological conditions of other famous people. (3) Since I was a young child, I have been
fascinated by them. (4) She often engages in these musings during sit-down meals with everyone
in the family present to offer contrasting views. (5) Mom’s interest in historical aspects of
psychology is exciting—mote exciting, even, than any of the programs offered by network
television. (6) She says that poor programming on the part of the networks is one of the reasons
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she has felt the need to direct our young minds to other, more engaging avenues, (7) Imagine that
her speculation is not only an expression of parental concern for a child’s welfare but also an
outlet for her creative mind. (8) Mom has this unusual interest, it has made me an authority among
my peers. (9) Last weak my American Literature teacher launched into a discussion of the writings
of Edgar Allan Poe. (10) Before the discussion was over I was asked to give the class a glimpse of
the personal life of Poe.
30. In context, what is the best way to deal with sentence 3?
(A). Leave it as it is.
(B). Place it after sentence 7.
(C). Insert “On the contrary” at the beginning of the sentence.
(D). Change “them” to “her theories”.
(E). Use “and” at the end of sentence 3 to link it with sentence 4.
31. In context, which of the following should be inserted at the beginning of sentence 7?
(A). After all,
(B). In fact,
(C). You should
(D). I like to
(E). Then
32. In context, which of the following is the best way to phrase the underlined portion of sentence
8 (reproduced below)?
Mom has this unusual interest, it has made me an authority among my peers.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). And so it is my mom’s unusual interest that has made me such
(C). Because of my mom’s unusual interest, I have become
(D). As you can see, having my mom’ s unusual interest makes me
(E). Naturally, this unusual interest of my mom’s should have made me
33. In context, which is the best way to deal with sentence 9?
(A). Insert “However,” at the beginning of the sentence.
(B). Insert “For example,” at the beginning of the sentence.
(C). Insert “her name is Ms. Lumberburd” after “teacher”.
(D). Change “into” to “on”.
(E). Change “launched” to “launches”.
34. Which of the following sentences would be best to add after sentence 10?
(A). I confidently related what my mother had taught me about him.
(B). And in fact, you can bet that really made my day.
(C). Indeed, my mother had always encouraged me to do my best on such occasions.
(D). I outlined everything I knew about Poe.
(E). Famous for his tales of terror, Poe has captivated readers for 150 years.
35. Where is the most logical place to begin a new paragraph?
(A). After sentence 3
(B). After sentence 5
(C). After sentence 6
(D). After sentence 7
(E). After sentence 10
1. At the beginning of George Eliot’s novel Silas Marner, a linen weaver has been driven by a
false charge of theft away from his home and taking refuge in the village of Raveloe.
(A). taking refuge in the village of Raveloe
(B). has taken refuge in the village of Raveloe
(C). the village of Raveloe
(D). being in the village of Raveloe
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(E). Raveloe, a village that is his refuge
2. Serving as either business tools or recreational devices, computers, they are increasingly
popular.
(A). computers, they are increasingly popular
(B). their popularity has increased
(C). they have become more popular
(D). computers are increasingly popular
(E). computers, they are popular
3. One often coming upon passages in letters often that are memorable for their thought or their
form, or both.
(A). One often coming upon passages in letters often that are
(B). One often comes upon passages in letters that are
(C). One often comes upon a passage in letters that you find
(D). Often one comes upon a passage in letters; it is
(E). Often one comes upon a passage in letters in which it is
4. Finding political support, designing a campaign, and, above all, the securing of financial
backing are the challenging tasks faced by candidates.
(A). the securing of financial backing are
(B). the security of financial backing are
(C). to secure financial backing is
(D). securing financial backing is
(E). securing financial backing are
5. Although only two inches long, the shrew is a mammal and therefore a relative of elephants
and giraffes.
(A). Although only
(B). Whereas only
(C). Despite a size
(D). While its site is
(E). Since it is
6. Many prospective actors in the area auditioned for roles in the movie, and only few were
selected.
(A). Many prospective actors in the area auditioned for roles in the movie, and only a few
were selected.
(B). Many prospective actors, having auditioned for roles in the movie, only a few in the area
were selected.
(C). Many prospective actors in the area auditioned for roles in the movie, but only a few
were selected.
(D). Only a few were selected, many prospective actors in the area having auditioned for roles
in the movie.
(E). After many prospective actors in the area auditioned for role in the movie, only a few
being selected.
7. The author, taking the reader on a chronological journey through her native land, and
skillfully combining history and legend with fragments of fiction.
(A). The author, taking the reader on a chronological journey through her native land,
skillfully
(B). The reader is taken on a chronological journey through the author’s native land by
skillfully
(C). The reader is taken on a chronological journey through her native land by the author who
is skillfully
(D). The author, who takes the reader on a chronological journey through her native land,
skillfully
(E). The author takes the reader on a chronological journey through her native land, skillfully
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8. The practice of renaming a street Martin Luther King Boulevard has been adopted through
many cities in honoring the civil rights leader.
(A). through many cities in honoring
(B). through many cities to honor
(C). in many cities; it was to honor
(D). by many cities to honor
(E). by many cities in honoring
9. During the 1980’s, the income gap between the richest arid the poorest Americans widened
significantly, while continuing to expand in the 1990’s.
(A). significantly, while continuing to expand
(B). significantly, and it continued to expand
(C). significantly with continuing expansion
(D). significantly, it continued expanding
(E). significantly, continuing expanding
10. The Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, whose origins are hotly debated.
(A). The Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, whose origins are hotly debated.
(B). The Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, its origins are hotly debated.
(C). Possibly one of Europe’s oldest languages, the origins of Basque are hotly debated.
(D). The origins of the Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, are hotly debated.
(E). Basque is hotly debated as a language whose origins are possibly Europe’s oldest.
11. Because the workers approached their jobs with very little interest and almost no energy, their
productivity was, not surprisingly, very low.
(A). their productivity was, not surprisingly, very low
(B). this lowered, not surprisingly, their productivity
(C). not to anyone’s surprise their productivity was very low
(D). their very low productivity was not to anyone’s surprise
(E). their productivity, being very low, was not surprising
12. Many changes occurred while she was president of the college, and they increased its
educational quality as well as effectiveness.
(A). college, and they increased its educational quality as well as effectiveness
(B). college, they both increased the educational quality and effectiveness of the college
(C). college, which both increased its educational quality as well as increased its effectiveness
(D). college; these changes increased its educational quality and effectiveness
(E). college; these changes increased both the educational quality and effectiveness of the
college
13. Although the global food crisis is most obvious in the tropics, the temperate zones may have a
similar problem soon.
(A). Although the global food crisis is most obvious in the tropics, the
(B). The global food crisis being most obvious in the tropics, the
(C). Notwithstanding the fact that the global food crisis is most obvious in the tropics,
nevertheless the
(D). Although the global food crisis bad been most obvious in the tropics, the
(E). Even if the global food crisis was most obvious in the tropics, nevertheless the
14. High school graduates usually do not end up earning as much income as college graduates do,
this being why so many high school students go on to pursue college degrees.
(A). do, this being why so many high school students
(B). do, this is why so many high school students
(C). do; this fact explains why so many high school students
(D). do; this fact explaining the reason for why so many high school students
(E). do, explaining why so many high school students
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SET7. OG. 9.
1. While working as a nurse in the streets of Calcutta, that was when mother Teresa developed a
profound love for the poor.
(A). that was when mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poor
(B). mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poor
(C). then the development of mother Teresa’s profound love for the poor took place
(D). mother Teresa’s profound love for the poor developed
(E). a profound love for the poor developed in mother Teresa
2. The legislators agreed to return to their districts and they would hold a series of town
meetings on the recently passed tax bills.
(A). to return to their districts and they would hold
(B). to return to their districts to hold
(C). to returning to their districts, thereby holding
(D). with returning to their districts for holding of
(E). on the return to their districts to the holding
3. Legend has it that medieval Chinese warriors using manned kites to survey enemy troops
anticipating modern aerial surveillance.
(A). using manned kites to survey enemy troops anticipating
(B). using manned kites to survey enemy troops and anticipate
(C). using manned kites and surveying enemy troops, they anticipated
(D). used manned kites to survey enemy troops, a technique anticipating
(E). used manned kites surveying enemy troops, so anticipating techniques of
4. For months, one of the most popular breakfast foods were selling for so little that people
thought something was wrong.
(A). were selling for so little that people thought something was
(B). was selling for so little that people thought something were
(C). were selling for so little; so people thought something has gone
(D). was selling for so little that people thought something was
(E). was selling for very little; so people thought of it as
5. The programmers always talked of having too much to do, but in truth they had a lesser
amount of work to do than their colleagues.
(A). they had a lesser amount of work to do than
(B). their work was the least among
(C). they were having less work to do than
(D). the amount of work they had to do was the least of
(E). they had less work to do than
6. Film audiences in the 1950’s saw more musicals than the 1960’s and 1970’s.
(A). than
(B). than did
(C). than the films of
(D). than with the audiences in
(E). than did audiences in
7. Unlike American architects who preceded him, Frank Lloyd Wright did not draw on classical
or European architecture for inspiration.
(A). Unlike American architects who preceded him, Frank Lloyd Wright
(B). Unlike the inspiration of American architects who preceded him, Frank Lloyd Wright
(C). Frank Lloyd Wright ‘s architecture, unlike American architects who preceded him
(D). Different from the American architects who preceded him, Frank Lloyd Wright’s designs
(E). Frank Lloyd Wright’s inspirations, different from American architects who preceded him,
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8. The revolt against Victorianism was perhaps even more marked in poetry than either fiction or
drama.
(A). either fiction or drama
(B). either fiction or in drama
(C). either in fiction or drama
(D). in either fiction or drama
(E). in either fiction or in drama
9. Because economic hardship is the real source of many other problems is the reason why the
revolutionary government attacked inflation first.
(A). Because economic hardship is the real source of many other problems is the reason why
(B). Because economic hardship is the real source of many other problems,
(C). Economic hardship causes many other problems and is the reason for why
(D). As a result of economic hardship causing many other problems,
(E). The fact that economic hardship is the real source of many other problems is why
10. In Germany, foresters discovered that trees killed by acid rain had begun to die four years
earlier, even though the trees had shown no signs of disease then.
(A). earlier, even though the trees had shown no signs of disease then
(B). earlier, but not showing any signs of disease then
(C). earlier, no outward signs of disease had been shown then in the trees, however
(D). earlier, without any signs of disease shown then
(E). earlier, not then having shown any signs of disease, however
11. In the wild, pygmy chimpanzees are found only in an inaccessible region south of the Zaire
River, since such is the case, very few are in captivity.
(A). since such is the case, very few are in captivity
(B). and very few are in captivity because of that
(C). no more than a few are in captivity as a result
(D). the number in captivity is very few for this reason
(E). and so no more than a few are in captivity
12. Although born in the Midwest, Langston Hughes lived most of his adult life in Harlen, in New
York City, where (A) like (B) other writers in the 1930’s, he had wrote (C) some of his finest
(D) works. No error (E)
13. In constant demand as (A) a speaker, Ms. Chernock has never been (B) more busier (C) than
she is now (D). No error (E)
14. During (A) the night, there is (B) usually two German shepherds at the warehouse to guard
against (C) robbery attempts (D). No error (E)
15. Candy manufacturers applauded the discovery by (A) researchers that students which (B)
smell chocolate while studying and again while taking (C) a test are able to (D) recall more
material than students not exposed to the odor of chocolate. No error (E)
16. One can (A) hardly (B) determine which contributes (C) more (D) to the success of a
violinist-innate skill or regular practice. No error (E)
17. The red cross workers had not expected the refugees from (A) the flooded plain to be (B) as
desperate and as undernourished as those (C) whom they had seen (D) earlier in the week. No
error (E)
18. Although (A) naturalists have identified six hundred different forms of the corion snail, there
is (B) actually no more than (C) two true species within (D) this genus. No error (E)
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19. The department of transportation has introduced (A) pictorial traffic signs because drivers can
react to this (B) more quickly (C) than to verbal ones (D). No error (E)
20. She claimed that the “representational” actor is having to imitate (A) a character’s behavior,
whereas (B) the “presentational” actor attempts to reveal (C) human behavior through
self-understanding (D). No error (E)
21. Many nations, and the United States itself (A) , has issued (B) stamps that commemorate (C)
the fiftieth anniversary of the singing of (D) the UN charter. No error (E)
22. The tribal council’s program familiarized young people with (A) Cherokee history, taught
them (B) tribal traditions, and they had (C) the opportunity to (D) learn skills used by ancient
artists. No error (E)
23. Observation of diverse animal species show that (A) the most successful (B) in the struggle
for survival are those which (C) are most adaptable to (D) changes in their world. No error (E)
24. Far away from (A) having been a diehard conservative, Hoover was (B), some scholars now
contend (C), the leading progressive of his day (D). No error (E)
25. For the past (A) hundred years or more, Yellowstone national park was (B) a kind of
sociological laboratory in which (C) north Americans have been exploring the meaning of (D)
the national-park concept. No error (E)
26. Alerted by (A) the nervousness and evasiveness of the witness, the jurors were quick to
perceive (B) that his statements were inconsistent to (C) those (D) he had made earlier. No
error (E)
27. In many respects (A) Anna Karenina and Emma Bovary are very similar characters, but (B)
Bovary has (C) the most spirit (D) and determination. No error (E)
28. Between the sales manager and I (A) existed (B) an easy (C), cooperative working
relationship; neither of us (D) hesitated to discuss problems. No error (E)
29. As (A) the archbishop of Canterbury, Tomas a Becket assumed an independence (B) that was
intolerable to (C) the king, who had long been (D) his friend. No error (E)
(1) Many people have never heard of Lou Henry Hoover. (2)Of all the wives of United States
presidents since 1900, she is probably the most forgotten. (3)She attended Stanford University,
where she met and married another student—a mining engineer named Herbert Hoover—and
became one of the first American women to earn a degree in geology. (4)Together they began a
life of travel, adventure, and accomplishment.
(5) The Hoovers served on a relief mission in Beijing, China, during the boxer uprising of
1900. (6) Lou Hoover held bandages in one hand, a gun in the other. (7) From 1902 to 1916, the
Hoovers circled the world five times. (8)In the process Lou Hoover designed for her two young
sons a portable crib. (9)It would remain stable during the rocking of a ship. (10)She also learned
several languages and published scholarly works on such topics as the gold-mining techniques of
the Egyptians.
(11) Lou Hoover being a versatile person, as comfortable in an outdoor camp as she was in a
Victorian drawing room. (12) She triumphed over the limits of her position and the times in which
she lived. (13)A leader of the Girl Scout movement, she firmly believed that girls should be
encouraged to pursue their interests. (14)In 1929 she became the first person to break the racial
barrier at the White House. (15) She entertained Jessie DePriest, wife of Oscar DePriest, the
African American Congressman from Chicago.
30. Which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 3 (reproduced below)?
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She attended Stanford University, where she met and married another student—a mining
engineer named Herbert Hoover—and became one of the first American women to earn a
degree in geology.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). Attending Stanford university, where she
(C). At Stanford university, where she
(D). Having attended Stanford university, she
(E). She attended Stanford university, she
31. Which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 8 and 9
(reproduced below)?
In the process Lou Hoover designed for her two young sons a portable crib. It would remain
stable during the rocking of a ship.
(A). crib so that it would remain stable
(B). crib, and it would remain stable
(C). crib that nevertheless remained stable
(D). crib that would remain stable
(E). crib. It was designed to remain stable
32. Which of the following ways to revise the underlined portion of sentence 10 (reproduced
below) most effectively links the sentence to the rest of the second paragraph?
She also learned several languages and published scholarly works on such topics as the
gold-mining techniques of the Egyptians.
(A). Because as a child she had learned
(B). Since her time in china she was also learning
(C). By this time she had also been learning
(D). And in the midst of all this activity, she learned
(E). Nevertheless, by now she had also learned
33. In context, which is the best way to deal with sentence 11?
(A). Change “being” to “was”.
(B). Insert "Finally" at the beginning.
(C). Change "she" to “Lou Hoover”.
(D). Delete “she was”.
(E). Change “was” to “had been”.
34. Which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence14 and
15(reproduce below)?
In 1929 she became the first person to break the racial barrier at the White House. She
entertained Jessie DePriest, wife of Oscar DePriest, the African American congressman from
Chicago.
(A). In 1929 she became the first person to break the racial barrier at the White House, and
she entertained
(B). In addition, in 1929 she became the first person to break the racial barrier at the White
House when she entertained
(C). So in 1929 she becomes the first person to break the racial barrier at the White House by
entertaining.
(D). Consequently, the racial barrier at the White House was first broken in 1929 by Hoover’s
entertaining
(E). By being the first person to break the racial barrier at the White House in 1929, Hoover
entertained
35. Which sentence is best to add after sentence 15?
(A). Lou Henry Hoover was an exceptionally gracious and polished first lady.
(B). Lou Henry Hoover was an accomplished woman who was truly ahead of her time.
(C). Lou Henry Hoover’s personal papers have only recently been made available to the
public.
(D). Obviously, not a great deal is known about the early life of this extraordinary woman.
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(E). Only historians now know that she was born in Waterloo, Iowa, in 1874.
1. Solar energy, for which there are many potential uses, can be beneficial so that it will produce
energy without generating pollutions.
(A). beneficial so that it
(B). beneficial because it
(C). beneficial, although it
(D). beneficial in order that it
(E). beneficial because they
2. In her letter, Ms. Kopel stated that she had proof that the treasurer had stolen some the
money.
(A). stated that she had
(B). stated about having
(C). made a statement of having
(D). gave a statement that she had
(E). had a statement there about having
3. As economic conditions improve, the officers of the company maintaining that it will be
able to improve sales by increasing exports to other countries.
(A). maintaining that it will be able to improve sales by
(B). maintaining that it, able by improving sales and
(C). maintain that it will improve sales and
(D). maintain that it will be able to improve sales by
(E). maintains that improving sales by
4. For the most part, in the actions of how an animal behaves, instinct is the main determinant.
(A). For the most part, in the actions of how an animal behaves, instinct is the main
determinant
(B). Generally, an animal’s behavior and actions are mostly instinctual ones
(C). An animal’s actions, as to behavior, are by and large instinctively determined
(D). An animal’s actions ate largely determined by instinct
(F). Animals mainly have their instinct as a determinant for behavior
5. Today more and more women are becoming doctors, lawyers, engineers, chemists, or other
professions.
(A). or other professions
(B). or they work in other professions
(C). or at work in other professional fields
(D). or professionals in other fields
(E). or in other professional fields
6. Beginning photographers may choose from among several camera types, there is one which
is best for their particular interests.
(A). there is one which is
(B). of which there is one
(C). one of which is
(D). and one is
(E). one is
7. In the belief that crossword puzzles stimulated her mind, Dolores will spend hours on them
every week.
(A). Dolores will spend hours on them every week
(B). Dolores would spend hours on them every week
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(C). hours of every week are spent on them by Dolores
(D). they occupied hours of every week for Dolores
(E). every week will find Dolores spending hours on them
8. Enzymes are among the oldest known chemical compounds, as they actually are nonliving
protein molecules.
(A). Enzymes are among the oldest known chemical compounds, as they actually are
nonliving protein molecules
(B). Among the oldest known chemical compounds, the nonliving protein molecules are
actually called enzymes
(C). Enzymes, among the oldest known chemical compounds, actually are nonliving protein
molecules
(D). Enzymes actually are nonliving protein molecules, being among the oldest known
chemical compounds
(E). Actually, enzymes being nonliving protein molecules, they are among the oldest known
chemical compounds
9. When someone shops by mail or through the Internet, you will be following a tradition
begun by the American colonists, who purchased almost everything from Europe.
(A). you will be following
(B). it is following
(C). you will follow
(D). he or she follows
(E). it follows
10. Brought to the United States at the age of thirteen to receive a Western education, his first
book discusses Lee Yan Phou’s childhood in China.
(A). his first book discusses Lee Yan Phou’s childhood in China
(B). Lee Yan Phou’s childhood in China is the subject of his first book
(C). the subject of his first book is Lee Yan Phou’s childhood in China
(D). Lee Yan Phou discusses his childhood in China in his first book
(E). Lee Yan Phou, whose childhood was in China, discusses this in his first book
11. Mayor Julia Wilson’s daughter told us that she had decided not to run for reelection, even
though there is still much to do to improve the downtown district.
(A). she had decided not to run for reelection
(B). the decision was that her mother would not run to be reelected
(C). her mother had decided not to run for reelected
(D). she decided that she will not run to be reelected
(E). it was decided about her not running for reelected
12. Although the superintendent has begun to increase the maintenance staff in the schools, she
is still being deluged with calls of complaint.
(A). Although the superintendent has begun to increase the maintenance staff in the schools
(B). Although beginning to increase, as superintendent, the maintenance staff in the schools
(C). The superintendent, beginning to increase the maintenance staff in the schools
(D). The superintendent has begun to increase the maintenance staff in the schools, and
(E). The superintendent, beginning to increase the maintenance staff in the schools, however
13. When we read, we first form innumerable impressions and then those impressions are
evaluated as we read on.
(A). impressions and then those impressions are evaluated
(B). impressions and then evaluate those impressions
(C). impressions, evaluating those impressions then
(D). impressions, then we evaluate those impressions
(E). impressions, we evaluate those impressions then
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14. The eerie songs of humpback whales, often lower in pitch and longer than birds, are
intriguing to scientists partly because whales have no functional vocal cords.
(A). The eerie songs of humpback whales, often lower in pitch and longer than birds,
(B). The eerie songs of humpback whales, which are often lower in pitch and last longer than
birds,
(C). Humpback whales’ eerie songs, often pitched lower and longer than that of birds,
(D). The eerie songs of humpback whales, often lower in pitch and lasting longer than those of
birds,
(E). Often being lower in pitch and lasting longer than birds, the eerie songs of humpback
whales
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SET8. OG. 10.
1. Although several groups strongly opposed the new hiring policies of the city council, other
groups being enthusiastic in their support of the new rules.
(A). being enthusiastic in their support of
(B). were enthusiastic and supportive of
(C). enthusiastically supported
(D). enthusiastically supporting
(E). are enthusiastically supportive of
2. The problem of water pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas because the treatment
and release of industrial wastes are not adequately regulated.
(A). pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas because
(B). pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas and
(C). pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas when
(D). pollution is frequently compounded in certain areas where
(E). pollution is frequently compounded in certain areas and
3. Having been a victim of malicious rumors, Helen purposely avoided gossips.
(A). Having been a victim of malicious rumors,
(B). Her being a victim of malicious rumors,
(C). Her having been victimized by malicious rumors,
(D). Because being a victim of malicious rumors,
(E). Because having been a victim of malicious rumors,
4. In many states, they have laws to allow students to vote wherever they choose, either at their
homes or their college residences.
(A). they have laws to allow students to vote wherever
(B). they have laws to allow students to vote where
(C). their laws allowing students to wherever
(D). the laws allow students to vote wherever
(E). the laws allow students to vote in the place where
5. While driving down the road, the house with the large yard and small pond attracted the
family’s attention.
(A). the house with the large yard and small pond attracted the family’s attention
(B). the house having the large yard and small pond attracted the attention of the family
(C). the house with the yard and small pond was attractive to the family’s attention
(D). the family’s attention was attracted by the house with the large yard and small pond
(E). the family was attracted to the house with the large yard and small pond
6. The chestnut, like oak, is called an immortal tree, the reason is that the trunk and roots remain
alive even after the tree has been felled.
(A). tree, the reason is that the trunk and roots remain
(B). tree, which has a trunk and roots that are remaining
(C). tree, the truck of which and roots remain
(D). tree because its trunk and roots remain
(E). tree, whose trunk and roots are remaining
7. Both Dr. Henderson and Dr. Ball being widely known for having authored numerous articles
in their field.
(A). Both Dr. Henderson and Dr. Ball being widely known for having authored numerous
articles in their field.
(B). Both Dr. Henderson and Dr. Ball are widely known for having authored numerous
articles in their field.
(C). Widely known for having authored numerous articles in their field being both Dr.
Henderson and Dr. Ball.
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(D). Having the numerous authored articles in their field widely known are Dr. Henderson
and Dr. Ball.
(E). Having authored many widely known articles in their field being Henderson and Ball.
8. Scientists are seeking better ways to predict damage from earthquakes, and they are using
supersensitive recorders to study how rock breaks and moves in an earthquake.
(A). Scientists are seeking better ways to predict damage from earthquakes, and they
(B). Scientists who seek better ways to predict damage from earthquakes, they
(C). Scientists seeking better ways to predict damage from earthquakes
(D). Seeking better ways for the predict of damage from earthquakes, scientists who
(E). Seeking to better predict damage from earthquakes is why scientists
9. Some doctors believe that the types of injuries sustained in contact sports are no different for
children than young adults.
(A). are no different for children than young adults.
(B). is no different for children than being young adults.
(C). are no different for children than for young adults.
(D). are no different for children than for those who are young adults.
(E). are no different from those children than young adults.
10. The reason for the continued popularity of country-western performers is that it draws on
experiences with which almost everyone can identify.
(A). that it draws on
(B). that their music draws on
(C). because the music draws on
(D). because of them drawing from
(E). they will draw from
11. Raised in a large and noisy city, it was only when I went away to college that I realized how
delightful life in a small town could be.
(A). it was only when I went away to college that I realized how delightful life in a small
town could be.
(B). when I went away to college I then realized how delightful life in a small town could be.
(C). going away to college made me realize how delightful life in a small town could be.
(D). I didn’t realize how delightful life in a small town could be until I went away to college.
(E). delightful life in a small town was unrealized by me until I went away to college.
12. At the heart of the program, enthusiastically endorsed (A) by the city’s business association, is
(B) plans for refurbishing neighborhoods and for making (C) low-interest mortgage available
to (D) young families. No error (E)
13. The illustrated books by Dr. Seuss have (A) managed keeping (B) youngsters and adults
alike(C) entertained for (D) several decades. No error (E)
14. Introducing (A) new ideas and replacing old ones (B) is (C) always a highly controversial
matter, especially when (D) there is already tension between an older and a younger
generation. No error (E)
15. It was fortunate that (A) the inexperienced veterinarian was able (B) to examine (C) the
injured horse calm (D) and with confidence. No error (E)
16. Although the details of the contract has (A) not yet been announced, it is likely that (B) union
negotiators accepted the proposed (C) training program for (D) newly hired workers. No error
(E)
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17. Just when those (A) who were watching from the sidelines feared the worst (B), the athletes
themselves (C) are (D) the most confident. No error (E)
18. Though (A) the statistics on their (B) experiment were (C) neither precise or (D) significant,
the biochemists still published them. No error (E)
19. George Thornton Emmons was one (A) of a handful of ethnographers who committed (B)
their life (C) to studying (D) the Tlingit culture of the Northwest Coast. No error (E)
20. Before he sprained his back, Morgan spends (A) much of (B) his leisure time engaged in (C)
outdoor sports, particularly (D) hiking and canoeing. No error (E)
21. In a world that (A) the rate of technological and social change accelerates frighteningly (B),
change itself (C) often seems to be the only constant (D). No error (E)
22. Ms. Tanaka asked Juan and I (A) whether (B) we would consider (C) joining our (D) school’s
quiz bowl team. No error (E)
23. Something of (A) a phenomenon in (B) the entertainment world, political satirists are admired
(C) by conservatives and radicals alike (D) subject matter. No error (E)
24. In the past, the small nation had been committed (A) to self-managed socialism, a system
under which (B) the workers, rather than (C) the state, owns (D) most enterprises. No error
(E)
25. Listening at (A) the first song its lead singer ever wrote, the band members did not foresee for
that (B) this young man would be responsible for (C) bringing them to the attention (D) of the
world. No error (E)
26. The office manager and her coworker, Ms. Andrews, received (A) equal pay from the
company until (B) she (C) got a raise for helping (D) to increase productivity. No error (E)
27. Attaining (A) speeds of up to (B) 60 miles per hour, cheetahs are perhaps (C) the fastest (D)
of land animal. No error (E)
28. Whether or not they were successful as a candidate (A), women such as Geraldine Ferraro and
Pat Schroeder have opened (B) the door to (C) the election of (D) a woman as President. No
error (E)
29. The often conflicting (A) reports of different polling organizations make it difficult to (B)
predict which of the two candidates is (C) more likely (D) to win the election next year. No
error (E)
(1) Elisha Graves Otis did not invent the elevator, even though his name is most closely
associated with it. (2)Elevating mechanisms, usually ropes and pulleys, had been used throughout
history. (3)Otis is also not credited with developing an elevator large enough and powerful
enough to lift heavy loads. (4)They had actually been in use for half of his lifetime. (5)What Otis
managed to do in 1854 was to demonstrate an elevator with a built-in safety device. (6) So that
the elevator would not plunge to the bottom if the rope used to raise and lower it broke. (7)What
was noteworthy about this was that it was then possible for people to use elevators, not just
freight.
(8) Prior to this time, hotels and other buildings were a maximum of only four or five stories
high. (9)You can imagine why. (10) “Birdcage” elevators were made of open metalwork, just like
birdcages. (11)Hotel guests were reluctant to climb many flights of stairs several times daily,
rooms on the lower floors were considered premium. (12)In businesses, people as well as desks
and other heavy equipment had to be moved up stairs.(13)So when Otis’ safe elevator was
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developed, it meant that buildings could be taller.(14)Before long, hotels and office buildings
were nine and ten stories high.
30. In context, what is the best way to deal with sentence 4 (reproduced below)?
They had actually been in use for half of his lifetime.
(A). Delete it
(B). Switch it with sentence 5
(C). Change “they” to “Such elevators”
(D). Change “his” to “Otis’”
(E). Insert “supposedly” after “lifetime”
31. What is the best way to revise the underlined portion of sentences 5 and 6(reproduced below)?
What Otis managed to do in 1854 was to demonstrate an elevator with a built-in safety device.
So that the elevator would not plunge to the bottom if the rope used to raise and lower it
broke.
(A). device, by which the elevator would not plunge
(B). device, and the elevator would not plunge
(C). device because an elevator plunges
(D). device to prevent the elevator from plunging
(E). device, it prevented elevators from plunging
32. Which of the following is the best version of sentence 7 (reproduced below)?
What was noteworthy about this was that it was then possible for people to use elevators, not
just freight.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). Consequently, it was then possible for elevators to be used for people and freight, and
this was noteworthy
(C). People, not just freight, could use elevators; that this was possible was noteworthy
(D). This development was noteworthy because elevators could now be used for people as
well as for freight
(E). It is noteworthy that both people and freight can use elevators
33. Which of the following is the best sentence to insert at the beginning of the second paragraph
before sentence 8?
(A). Freight had always been a major consideration
(B). Otis’ improvement had far-reaching consequences
(C). So Otis’ fame was based entirely in safety
(D). If Otis had not invented this device, someone else would have
(E). Elevators can move more than 1500 feet per minute
34. Which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 11?
Hotel guests were reluctant to climb many flights of stairs several times daily, rooms on the
lower floors were considered premium.
(A). (as it is now)
(B). stairs several times daily because rooms on the lower floors
(C). stairs above the rooms on the lower floors several times daily but they
(D). stairs several times daily above the rooms on the lower floors, which
(E). stairs several time daily; as a result, rooms on the lower floors
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35. Which sentence should be deleted from the essay because it contains unrelated information?
(A). Sentence 1
(B). Sentence 3
(C). Sentence 8
(D). Sentence 10
(E). Sentence 13
1. To fear the act of impeachment and to think of it that it threatens the presidential office is to
be misinformed about the Constitution and ignorant of the law.
(A). that it threatens the presidential office
(B). as a threatens to the presidency
(C). that a threat exists for the presidency
(D). as it were a threat at the presidency
(E). as if it were a threat to the presidency
2. The disposal of nuclear fission’s unwanted by-products is one of the thorniest problems in
developing nuclear power.
(A). The disposal of nuclear fission’s unwanted by-products is
(B). Unwanted by-products of nuclear fission that need to be disposed of are
(C). How nuclear fission’s unwanted by-products get to be disposal of is
(D). Ridding nuclear fission of unwanted by-products are
(E). For nuclear fission to get rid of unwanted by-products is
3. No biographer can attest to absolute accuracy in documenting the activities of his or her
subject, this biographer of Cesar Chavez is no exception.
(A). subject, this biographer of Cesar Chavez is no exception.
(B). subject, and this biographer of Cesar Chavez is no exception.
(C). Subject; this biography of Cesar Chavez is no exception.
(D). subject, such a biography of this one of Cesar Chavez is no exception.
(E). subject, which this Cesar Chavez biographer being no exception.
4. Unlike Charles Lamb, Horace Walpole actually set out to be the historian of his age.
(A). Unlike Charles Lamb, Horace Walpole actually set out to be the historian of his age.
(B). Unlike Charles Lamb, Horace Walpole was out to be the historian of his age.
(C). Unlike Charles Lamb, Horace Walpole actually set out to be the historian of his age and
Lamb did not
(D). Charles Lamb did not, but Horace Walpole’s intension was to be the historian of his age.
(E). Different from Charles Lamb, for being the historian of his age was the intention of
Horace Walpole.
5. Paradoxically, one way that Shakespeare transcended his era was because of having
included it in his plays.
(A). because of having included it
(B). when he included it
(C). through his including of it
(D). by its inclusion of it
(E). by including it
6. Laughing because they had missed their stop while reading the map, the task for the tourists
now was getting off the bus and back to their destination.
(A). task for the tourists now was
(B). tourists’ task now was
(C). tourists now facing the task of
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(D). tourists nevertheless now faced the task of
(E). tourists now faced the task of
7. For weeks, one of the company’s starring ballerinas were performing so infrequently that
dance lovers feared something was wrong.
(A). were performing so infrequently that dance lovers feared something was
(B). was performing so infrequently; dance lovers feared something to be
(C). were performing so infrequently that dance lovers feared something has
(D). was performing so infrequently that dance lovers feared something was
(E). was performing very infrequently; so dance lovers fearing something
8. When Catherine the Great had a magnificent dinner service of Sevres porcelain made for
her, she was scandalized by its great cost, which became the subject of prolonged controversy.
(A). which became
(B). so it was to be
(C). with a result that it was destined to become
(D). therefore becoming
(E). consequently it would become
9. Though the damage caused by strip-mining was often irreparable to the natural environment,
it was once used to supply half the coal produced annually in the United States.
(A). Though the damage caused by strip-mining was often irreparable to the natural
environment, it
(B). Though irreparable damage is caused often to the natural environment by strip-mining , it
(C). Though strip-mining often caused irreparable damage to the natural environment, it
(D). Despite the fact of often irreparable damage to the natural environment, strip-mining
(E). In spite of often irreparable damage to the natural environment, strip-mining
10. The filibuster on voting-rights legislation went on for three days and nights; senators slept
when they could on benches in the hall,
(A). nights; senators slept when they could
(B). nights, which meant senators sleeping when possible
(C). nights; therefore, it meant that senators would sleep when possible
(D). nights and therefore the senators would be sleeping when able to
(E). nights; with senators sleeping when they could
11. Insofar as so many people were going to the music festival, the highway was jammed with
cars.
(A). Insofar as so many people were going
(B). With the great many people who are going
(C). In that there being so many people who went
(D). Because there was a great many people who went
(E). Because so many people were going
12. The villagers found the visitors equally as fascination as their customs were mystifying.
(A). equally as fascination as their customs were
(B). equally fascinating and their customs
(C). as fascinating as their customs
(D). as fascinating as their customs were
(E). as fascinating and their customs were
13. Although he played a leading role in planning spacecraft expeditions, Dr. Carl Sagan
refused to accept praise for the plans he designed nor otherwise profiting from later
advancements in space exploration.
(A). designed nor otherwise profiting
(B). had designed nor otherwise did he profit
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(C). has designed nor otherwise to have profited
(D). designed or otherwise profited
(E). had designed or otherwise to profit
14. The convenience and widespread availability of watercolor paint account for its popularity
with amateur artists.
(A). account for its popularity
(B). account for their popularity
(C). accounts for its popularity
(D). is why it is popular
(E). are a reason for its popularity
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SET9. 2005. 3
1.
The poet Claude McKay was a native of Jamaica who spent most of his life in the United
States but writing some of his poems in the Jamaican dialect.
(A) The poet Claude McKay was a native of Jamaica who spent most of his life in the
United States but writing
(B) Being that he was a Jamaican who spent most of his life in the United States, the poet
Claude McKay writing
(C) Although a native of Jamaica, the poet Claude McKay spent most of his life in the
United States, he wrote
(D) Although the poet Claude McKay spent most of his life in the United States, he was a
native of Jamaica and wrote
(E) Because he was a native of Jamaica who spent most of his life in the United States, the
poet Claude McKay writing
2.
Many ancient Eastern rulers favored drinking vessels made of celadon porcelain because of
supposedly revealing the presence of poison by cracking.
(A) because of supposedly revealing the presence of poison
(B) for being supposed that it would reveal the presence of poison
(C) because of being supposed to reveal poison in it
(D) for it was supposed to reveal that there is poison
(E) because it was supposed to reveal the presence of poison
3.
John believes that plants respond to human attention, which causes his talking to his African
violets every night.
(A) attention, which causes his talking
(B) attention and talking is what is done
(C) attention and his talks
(D) attention; for this reason has been his talking
(E) attention; he therefore talks
4.
All the demands on soprano Kathleen Battle for operatic performances, solo concerts, and
special guest appearances, tempting her to sing too often and straining her voice.
(A) appearance, temping her so sing too often and straining
(B) appearances not only tempt her to sing too often plus they strain
(C) appearances tempts her not only into singing too often but then she strains
(D) appearances, tempting her into singing too often and she therefore strains
(E) appearances tempt her to sing too often and strain
5.
One reason that an insect can walk on walls while a human cannot is that the mass of its tiny
body is far lower than humans.
(A) far lower than humans
(B) far lower than that of a human’s body
(C) lower by far than humans
(D) for lower than a human
(E) far lower than is a human’s body
6.
In the 1980’s, the median price of a house more than doubled, generally outdistancing the
rate of inflation.
(A) generally outdistancing the rate of inflation
(B) generally this outdistanced the rate of inflation
(C) and the result was the general outdistancing of inflation
(D) the general rate of inflation was thus outdistanced
(E) thus generally inflation had been outdistanced
7.
In the nineteenth century, reproductions of cathedrals or castles made entirely of ice was
often a popular feature in North American winter carnivals.
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(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
8.
9.
was often a popular feature
often were popular feature
often was featured popularly
often being popular features
have been featured popularly
A fine orchestral performance will exhibit the skills of the musicians, their abilities to work
as an ensemble, and how he or she responds to the conductor.
(A) how he or she responds
(B) how to respond
(C) their responding
(D) their responses
(E) they respond
The African tsetse fly does not need a brain, everything it has to do in life is programmed
into its nervous system.
(A) brain, everything
(B) brain due to everything which
(C) brain, for everything
(D) brain; since, everything
(E) brain whereas everything
10. She was concerned about how Hank would react to the incident, but in searching his face, he
did not seem to be at all embarrassed or troubled.
(A) in searching his face, he did not seem to be
(B) by searching his face, it showed that he was not
(C) a search of his face showed that he seemed not
(D) searching his face, he did not seem to be
(E) his face being searched showed that he was not
11. Explaining modern art is impossible, partly because of its complexity but largely because of
it rapidly changing.
(A) of it rapidly changing
(B) it makes rapid changes
(C) of the rapidity with which it changes
(D) changing it is rapid
(E) it changes so rapid
12. The ambassador was entertained lavish (A) by Hartwright, whose company (B) has (C) a
monetary interest in (D) the industrial development of the new country. No error (E)
13. Among (A) the discoveries made possible by (B) the invention of (C) the telescope they
found (D) that dark spots existed on the Sun in varying numbers. No error (E)
14. This liberal arts college has (A) decided requiring (B) all students to study (C) at least one (D)
non-European language .No error (E)
15. Twenty-five years after (A) Alex Haley’s Roots stimulate (B) many people to research (C)
their family histories, new technology has been developed to make the task easier. (D) No
error (E)
16. For months the press had praised Thatcher’s handling of the international crisis, and (A)
editorial views changed quickly (B) when (C) the domestic economy worsened (D). No error
(E)
17. Experiments have shown (A) that human skin provides (B) natural protection against a
surprising (C) large number of (D) infectious bacteria. No error (E)
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18. In the aggressive society created by (A) William Golding in Lord of the Flies, both Ralph and
Jack emerge early on (B) as the leader (C) of (D)the lost boys .No error (E)
19. More than forty years have passed (A) since (B) a quarter of a million people marched on
Washington .D.C, in an attempt (C) to secure (D) civil rights for Black Americans. No error
(E)
20. Careful analysis of pictures of the Moon reveal (A) that parts of the Moon’s surface are (B)
markedly (C) similar to parts of the Earth’s. (D) No error (E)
21. London differs from (A) other cities, such as (B) Paris and New York, in that (C) its
shopping areas are so widely (D) spread out. No error (E)
22. The architect’s research shows that even when builders construct (A) houses of stone (B),
they still (C) use the hammer more than any tool (D). No error (E)
23. Of (A) the two options, neither (B) the system of appointing judges to the bench nor the
process of electing (C) judges are (D) entirely satisfactory. No error (E)
24. Carlos cherished the memory of the day when him (A) and his sister Rosa were presented (B)
with awards in recognition of (C) meritorious service to (D) the community. No error (E)
25. The famous filmmaker had a tendency (A) of changing (B) his recollections, perhaps out of
boredom (C) at having (D) to tell interviewers the same story over and over. No error (E)
26. Norwegian writer Sigrid Undset is like (A) the novelist Sir Walter Scott in (B) her use of
historical backgrounds, but unlike his books (C), she dwells on the psychological aspects of
(D) her characters. No error (E)
27. The television station has received (A) many complaints about (B) the clothing
advertisements, which some (C) viewers condemn to be (D) tasteless. No error (E)
28. The relationship between goby fish and striped shrimp are truly (A) symbiotic, for neither (B)
can survive (C) without (D) the other. No error.
29. Winston Churchill, unlike (A) many English prime ministers before him (B), had deep
insight into (C) the workings of (D) the human mind. No error (E)
Questions 30-35 are based on the following passage.
(1) My father has an exceptional talent. (2) The ability to understand people. (3) When I have a
problem that I think no one else will understand, I take it to my father. (4) He listens intently, asks
me some questions, and my feelings are seemingly known by him exactly. (5) Even my twin sister
can talk to him more easily than to me. (6) Many people seem too busy to take the time to
understand one another. (7) My father, by all accounts, sees taking time to listen as essential to
any relationship, whether it involves family, friendship, or work.
(8) At work, my father’s friends and work associates benefit from this talent. (9) His job
requires him to attend social events and sometimes I go along. (10) I have watched him at dinner;
his eyes are fixed on whoever is speaking, and he nods his head at every remark. (11) My father
emerges form such a conversation with what I believe is a true sense of the speaker’s meaning. (12)
In the same way, we choose our friends.
(13) My father’s ability to listen affects his whole life. (14) His ability allows him to form
strong relationship with his coworkers and earns him lasting friendships. (15) It allows him to
have open conversations with his children. (16) Furthermore, it has strengthened his relationship
with my mother. (17) Certainly, his talent is one that I hope to develop as I mature.
30. Of the following, which is the best way to revise and combine sentences 1and 2 ( reproduced
below) ?
My father has an exceptional talent. The ability to understand people.
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(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
My father has an exceptional talent and the ability to understand people.
My father has an exceptional talent that includes the ability to understand people.
My father has an exceptional talent: the ability to understand people.
My father has an exceptional talent, it is his ability to understand people.
Despite my father’s exceptional talent, he still has the ability to understand people.
31. Of the following, which is the best way to phrase sentence 4 ( reproduced blow) ?
He listens intently, asks me some questions, and my feelings are seemingly known by him
exactly.
(A) (As it is now)
(B) Listening intently, he will ask me some questions and then my exact feelings are
seemingly known to him.
(C) As he listens to me and asks me some questions, he seems to be knowing exactly my
feelings.
(D) He listened to me and asked me some questions, seeming to know exactly how I felt.
(E) He listens intently, asks me some questions, and then seems to know exactly how I feel.
32. In sentence 7, the phrase by all accounts is best replaced by
(A) however
(B) moreover
(C) to my knowledge
(D) like my sister
(E) but nevertheless
33. Which of the following sentences should be omitted to improve the unity of the second
paragraph?
(A) Sentence 8
(B) Sentence 9
(C) Sentence 10
(D) Sentence 11
(E) Sentence 12
34. In context, which of the following is the best way to phrase the underlined portion of
sentence 16 (reproduced below)?
Furthermore, it has strengthened his relationship with my mother.
(A) (As it is now)
(B) Further strengthening
(C) But it strengthens
(D) However, he is strengthening
(E) Considering this, he strengthens
35. A strategy that the writer uses within the third paragraph is to
(A) make false assumptions and use exaggeration
(B) include difficult vocabulary
(C) repeat certain words and sentence patterns
(D) argue in a tone of defiance
(E) turn aside from the main subject
1.
People were unprepared for the sinking of the Titanic simply because of believing that the
ship was unsinkable.
(A) of believing that the ship was unsinkable
(B) of having a belief in the ship as unsinkable
(C) they believed that the ship was unsinkable
(D) they believed the unsinkable nature of the ship
(E) of a belief on their part of an unsinkable ship
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2.
When the weather forecaster predicts a severe storm, this is when people usually rush to the
supermarket to stock up on groceries.
(A) storm, this is when people usually rush
(B) storm is usually when people are rushing
(C) storm is why people usually rush
(D) storm, people usually rush
(E) storm, it usually rushes people
3.
When, after bleak and lonely years in an English public school, he returned to India, there
was suddenly perceived by himself a strong desire to write about the people and land he
loved.
(A) there was suddenly perceived by himself
(B) he suddenly was perceived
(C) suddenly the feeling that came to him being
(D) he suddenly felt
(E) suddenly he had the feeling of
4.
Curiosity about other people, about the ways they think and act, has caused Jeff to meet some
fascinating characters as well as people which also really bore him.
(A) people which also really bore him
(B) he encountered really boring people
(C) very boring people are also met
(D) some very boring people
(E) very boring people also
5.
During seasons when ticks carrying Lyme disease are most prevalent, signs could be posted
to deter hikers about their venturing into tick-infested areas.
(A) about their venturing
(B) from their venturing
(C) from venturing
(D) by not venturing
(E) not to venture
6.
After Morris had spent ten minutes giving an answer, Claudette found he had given her only
one item of information beyond what she already knew.
(A) beyond what she already knew
(B) beyond what she knows already
(C) beyond her knowledge at the current time
(D) to add to what she knew already presently
(E) in addition to her present knowledge then
7.
Although the kings and queens of England are considered Canada’s monarchs, true political
power lies with the prime minister, that person is elected by the Canadian citizenry.
(A) true political power lies with the prime minister, that person is elected
(B) the person who holds true political power is the prime minister, which is elected
(C) true political power lies with the prime minister, who is elected
(D) the prime minister, the source of true political power, elected
(E) true political power is with the prime minister and is elected
8.
Led by vocalist Marlena McGhee Smalls, Gullah tradition is preserved by the help of the
Hallelujah Singes of South Carolina through songs and stories.
(A) Gullah tradition is preserved by the help of the Hallelujah Singers of South Carolina
through songs and stories
(B) the Hallelujah Singers of South Carolina help to preserve Gullah tradition through songs
and stories
(C) the songs and stories of Gullah tradition are preserved through the Hallelujah Singers of
South Carolina
(D) it is the Hallelujah Singers that help to preserve the songs and stories of Gullah tradition
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in South Carolina
(E) South Carolina’s Gullah tradition is preserved through songs and stories by the
Hallelujah Singers
9.
Astronomy is the study of celestial bodies in outer space, especially their position,
dimensions, movements, and composition.
(A) especially their position, dimensions, movements, and composition
(B) and especially they are concerned with their positions, dimensions, movements, and
composition
(C) especially studying their positions, dimensions, movements, and composition
(D) especially their positions, dimensions, movements, and with their composition
(E) with special study of their positions, dimensions, movements, and including composition
10. All the talk about controlling noise, keeping rivers clean, and planting trees have not
impressed people enough to be bringing about major changes in laws and lifestyles.
(A) have not impressed people enough to be bringing
(B) have not made enough of an impression on people to bring
(C) have not made people impressed enough to bring
(D) has not impressed people enough to bring
(E) has not made enough people impressed for bringing
11. The furnace exploded, blowing off the door, spraying greasy soot all over the basement floor,
and it would rattle furniture and windowpanes throughout the building.
(A) it would rattle
(B) it rattled
(C) causing he rattling of
(D) the result was to rattle
(E) rattling
12. The adaptation of a novel for the screen often requires major adjustments in plot because the
one art form differs form the other in having other character-revelation techniques.
(A) because the one art form differs from the other in having other character-revelation
techniques
(B) because the two art forms reveal character in different ways
(C) because of the differing ways the two may use for revealing a character
(D) inasmuch as there are different ways in the two art forms for character revelation
(E) insofar as the two differ in how to reveal character
13. The opposing opinions expressed were that the school should be torn down and, on the other
hand, to keep it as a historical landmark.
(A) were that the school should be torn down and, on the other hand, to keep it
(B) was that the school should be torn down or kept
(C) were that the school should be torn down and that it should be kept
(D) were about them tearing the school down and them keeping the school
(E) were if they should tear the school down and keeping it
14. Feeling, perhaps, that their votes do not matter, the number of young people going to the
polls are becoming increasingly smaller.
(A) the number of young people going to the polls are becoming increasingly smaller
(B) the number of young people going to the polls is increasingly smaller
(C) increasingly smaller numbers of young people are going to the polls
(D) young people are going to the polls in increasingly smaller numbers
(E) young people, who in increasingly smaller numbers are going to the polls
SET10. 2005. 10
Section 6
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1.
Since last September Patricia has been working at the convenience store down the road.
(A). has been working
(B). works
(C). is working
(D). will be working
(E). worked
2.
To help freshmen and sophomores in selecting their courses, candid reviews of courses and
instructors compiled by juniors and seniors.
(A). candid reviews of courses and instructors compiled by juniors and seniors
(B). candid reviews of courses and instructors being compiled by juniors and seniors
(C). and to compile candid reviews of courses and instructors by juniors and seniors
(D). juniors and seniors have compiled candid reviews of courses and instructors
(E). with juniors and seniors compiling candid reviews of courses and instructors
3.
The landscape artist who designed New York City's Central Park believed that providing
scenic settings accessible to all would not only benefit the public's physical and mental health
and also foster a sense of democracy.
(A). and also foster a sense of democracy
(B). as it also fosters a sense of democracy
(C). and would foster a sense of democracy also
(D). but also foster a sense of democracy
(E). and foster a sense of democracy also
4.
In areas where deer roam freely, residents must dress to protect themselves against deer ticks
that might transmit diseases.
(A). areas where deer roam freely
(B). areas roamed by deer freely
(C). areas, freely roamed by deer
(D). areas, in which there are deer that roam freely
(E). areas which deer roam free
5.
Given the cost of a hardcover book, the price of it typically hovers around $25, many
consumers ask their book dealers, "When will the paperback be out?"
(A). the price of it typically hovers
(B). and typically it hovers at a price
(C). which typically hovers
(D). in that it typically hovers
(E). they typically hover
6.
The article featured the Sea Islands because many were known there to live much as their
ancestors of a century ago had lived.
(A). many were known there to live
(B). they were known there for living
(C). many of the people there were known to live
(D). of the many people, they were there living
(E). of knowing that many people lived there
7.
A poetic form congenial to Robert Browning was the dramatic monologue, it let him explore
a character's mind without the simplifications demanded by stage productions.
(A). monologue, it let him explore
(B). monologue, which let him explore
(C). monologue that lets him explore
(D). monologue; letting him explore
(E). monologue by letting him do exploration of
8.
Many eighteenth-and nineteenth-century Romantic poets were believers in rebellion against
social conventions, express strong emotion, and the power of imagination.
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(A).
(B).
(C).
(D).
(E).
9.
were believers in rebellion against social conventions, express strong emotion
are believers in rebelling against social conventions, strong emotions being expressed
who believed in rebellion against social conventions, express strong emotion
believed in rebellion against social conventions, to express strong emotions
believed in rebellion against social conventions, the expression of strong emotions
At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the proposal to replace the existing Articles of
Confederation with a federal constitution were met with fierce opposition.
(A). were met with
(B). having been met with
(C). it met
(D). met with
(E). met their
10. When for the first time the United States imported more oil than it exported, Americans
should have realized that an energy crisis was imminent and could happen in the future.
(A). was imminent and could happen in the future
(B). could happen imminently in the future
(C). will be imminent and happening soon
(D). is an imminent thing
(E). might be imminent
11. Intimacy, love, and marriage are three different, if interrelated, subjects.
(A). different, if interrelated, subjects
(B). interrelated subjects, being, however, different
(C). different subjects, whereas they are interrelated
(D). different subjects when interrelated
(E). subjects that are different although being interrelated
12. America's first roller coaster ride, which opened in (A) 1884 at Coney Island, Brooklyn, and
capable of (B) a top speed (C) of only (D) six miles per hour. No error (E)
13. The inflation rate in that country is so high that (A) even with (B) adjusted wages, most
workers (C) can barely (D) pay for food and shelter. No error (E)
14. Over the past (A) two years, apparel manufacturers have (B) worked to meeting (C) the
revised federal standards for the design (D) of uniforms. No error (E)
15. Storing bread in the refrigerator delays drying (A) and the growth of mold but increase (B)
the rate at which (C) the bread loses flavor (D). No error (E)
16. According to last week's survey, most voters were disappointed by (A) legislators' (B)
inability working (C) together on (D) key issues. No error (E)
17. When Marie Curie shared (A) the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics with two other (B)
scientists—her husband Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel—she had been (C) the first woman
to win (D) the prize. No error (E)
18. Question 18 did not count toward your score.
19. Those investors who (A) sold (B) stocks just before the stock market crashed in 1929 were
either (C) wise or exceptional (D) lucky. No error (E)
20. Most of the sediment and nutrients of the Mississippi River no longer (A) reach the coastal
wetlands, a phenomenon that has adversely (B) affected (C) the region's (D) ecological
balance. No error (E)
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21. Most major air pollutants cannot be seen, although large amounts of them (A) concentrated in
(B) cities are visible (C) as (D) smog. No error (E)
22. The light emitted by high-intensity-discharge car headlights are (A) very effective in
activating (B) the reflective paints of road markers, thereby (C) making driving at night (D)
safer. No error (E)
23. During (A) the nineteenth century, Greek mythology acquired renewed significance when
both (B) poets and painters turned to (C) the ancient myths for (D) subject matter. No error
(E)
24. The museum is submitting (A) proposals to several (B) foundations in (C) the hope to gain
(D) funds to build a tropical butterfly conservatory. No error (E)
25. In order (A) for the audience to believe in and be engaged by (B) a Shakespearean character,
they have (C) to come across as a real person (D) on the stage. No error (E)
26. Most of (A) the hypotheses that (B) Kepler developed to explain physical forces were later
rejected as (C) inconsistent to (D) Newtonian theory. No error (E)
27. Lynn Margulis's theory that (A) evolution is a process involving (B) interdependency rather
than competition among organisms differs (C) dramatically from most biologists (D). No
error (E)
28. The Empire State Building, the Sears Tower, the Canadian National Tower—each of these
structures (A) was (B) the tallest (C) in the world at the time they were (D) built. No error (E)
29. The cost of safely disposing (A) of the toxic chemicals is approximately (B) five times what
(C) the company paid to purchase it (D). No error (E)
(1) On September 10, 1973, the United States Postal Service issued a stamp honoring Henry
Ossawa Tanner (1859-1937), one of four stamps in the American Arts series. (2) Acclaimed as an
artist in the United States and Europe at the turn of the century, Tanner was called the "dean" of
art by W. E. B. Du Bois. (3) But after his death, Tanner's work was largely forgotten. (4) And so it
remained, and even later, in 1969, the donation of one of his paintings to the Smithsonian
Institution aroused new interest in the art of this American master. (5) Now his works are on
exhibit again. (6) You can even buy posters of his paintings!
(7) One of his most famous works is a realistic painting by the name of "The Banjo Lesson."
(8) It was inspired by a poem of Paul Laurence Dunbar. (9) The painting isn't like a photograph.
(10) The magnificence of his work can be seen with each subtle brush stroke, each carefully
crafted detail. (11) The effect is truly beautiful. (12) If I were to try to identify the dominant theme
of the painting, I would have to say that it is family cohesiveness because the entire scene seems
to emphasize the bond between the boy and his grandfather.
30. Which is the best version of the underlined part of sentence 2 (reproduced below)?
Acclaimed as an artist in the United States and Europe at the turn of the century. Tanner was
called the "dean" of art by W. E. B. Du Bois.
(A). (as it is now)
(B). century; Tanner was called the "dean" of art by W. E. B. Du Bois
(C). century, Tanner, who was called "dean" of art by W. E. B. Du Bois
(D). century, W. E. B. Du Bois calling Tanner the "dean" of art
(E). century, it was W. E. B. Du Bois who called Tanner the "dean" of art
31. Which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 4 (reproduced below)?
And so it remained, and even later, in 1969. the donation of one of his paintings to the
Smithsonian Institution aroused new interest in the art of this American master.
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(A). (as it is now)
(B). remained, and even after that, in 1969,
(C). remained, but even then, in 1969,
(D). remained until 1969, when
(E). remained when in 1969
32. In context, which is the best revision of sentence 6 (reproduced below)?
You can even buy posters of his paintings!
(A). It is amazing, you can buy posters of his paintings.
(B). Even ordinary people like us can buy posters of his paintings.
(C). Posters of his paintings had been sold.
(D). People can even buy his paintings as a poster.
(E). One can even buy posters of his paintings.
33. In context, which is the best way to revise sentence 7 (reproduced below)?
One of his most famous works is a realistic painting by the name of "The Banjo Lesson.”
(A). Add "In contrast," to the beginning of the sentence.
(B). Change "a realistic painting by the name of' to "the realistic painting".
(C). Delete the words "of his most famous works".
(D). Change "is" to "had been".
(E). Delete "most famous".
34. Which sentence is best inserted after sentence 7?
(A). The painting shows a man teaching his grandson how to play the banjo.
(B). He finished "The Banjo Lesson" in 1893.
(C). In the painting, a bright light sets off the man and boy.
(D). Banjos came to the United States from West Africa.
(E). Portraits by Tanner show a psychological depth and compassion.
35. Which is best to add to the beginning of sentence 9?
(A). Although it is realistic,
(B). You can almost hear the music, but
(C). Photographs have a beauty of their own, but
(D). As a lifelike work,
(E). Some people just copy what they see;
Section 10
1. In everything from finding comets to spotting supernovae, amateur astronomers have become
so accomplished, and professional astronomers sometimes seek their help.
(A). accomplished, and
(B). accomplished, also
(C). accomplished that
(D). accomplished therefore
(E). accomplished when
2. Since scientific advances are central to progress, basic research deserving continuing
support.
(A). basic research deserving continuing support
(B). basic research being what deserves continuing support
(C). basic research deserves continuing support
(D). continuing support is deserved by basic research
(E). continuing support is what they deserve in basic research
3. With Americans consuming sugar in record amounts, nutritionists are urging the public to
reduce its consumption of sodas, which have largely replaced other, more healthful, beverages.
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(A).
(B).
(C).
(D).
(E).
nutritionists are urging the public to reduce its consumption of sodas, which
nutritionists have been urging that the public reduces its consumption of sodas; those
the public ought to reduce its consuming of sodas, as urged by nutritionists, because they
nutritionists urge about reducing public soda consumption, which
less soda should be consumed by the public, urge nutritionists, which
4. Experts disagree about what is the definition of intelligence and how to measure it.
(A). what is the definition of intelligence and how to measure it
(B). how to define intelligence, and also its measurement
(C). how to define and measure intelligence
(D). defining intelligence as well as measurement
(G). the definition of intelligence and measuring it
5. The charges against the organization are being investigated by a committee, it includes
several senators.
(A). committee, it includes
(B). committee; it including
(C). committee, and it will include
(D). committee, they include
(E). committee that includes
6. Travel writing often describes a journey of exploration and endurance, a trip that is risky
either because of natural hazards but also because of political unrest.
(A). but also because of
(B). but also due to
(C). or because there was
(D). or because of
(E). or the cause is
7. Though they had earlier indicated otherwise, it was eventually decided upon by the
legislators to have the bill passed.
(A). it was eventually decided upon by the legislators to have the bill passed
(B). it was eventually decided upon by the legislators to pass the bill
(C). the eventual decision of the legislators was for passage of the bill
(D). the legislators' eventual decision was passing the bill
(E). the legislators eventually decided to pass the bill
8. Spread by rat fleas, millions of people in medieval Europe were killed by bubonic plague.
(A). millions of people in medieval Europe were killed by bubonic plague
(B). and millions of medieval Europeans killed by bubonic plague
(C). this led to the killing of millions of medieval Europeans by bubonic plague
(D). bubonic plague in medieval Europe was why millions of people were killed
(E). bubonic plague killed millions of people in medieval Europe
9. Traditional Jamaican music, enriched with rock, jazz, and other modern rhythms from
America, were the basis for reggae.
(A). were the basis for
(B). have been a basis for
(C). become the basis of
(D). was the basis for
(E). being the basis of
10. James Barrie, the author of Peter Pan and other plays, is noted for portraying adulthood as
unpleasant and childhood is glorified.
(A). childhood is glorified
(B). childhood as being glorious
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(C). childhood as glorious
(D). childhood glorified
(E). glorified childhood
11. Medical insurance coverage that requires high monthly premiums and that is beyond the
financial means of many people.
(A). that requires high monthly premiums and that is
(B). that requires high monthly premiums and it is
(C). requiring high monthly premiums are
(D). with the requirements of high monthly premiums are
(E). that requires high monthly premiums is
12. Among the most flavorful cuisines in the United States, New Orleans has also become one
of the most popular.
(A). New Orleans has also become
(B). New Orleans has also become famous as
(C). the cuisine of New Orleans is also
(D). cuisines in New Orleans also have become
(E). also the cuisine of New Orleans is
13. Meals prepared by the Algonquin Indians, who were farmers as well as hunters, included
more maize and pumpkin than other Indian tribes.
(A). pumpkin than other Indian tribes
(B). pumpkin than did those prepared by other Indian tribes
(C). pumpkin than that which other Indian tribes did
(D). pumpkin, and this was not the same as other Indian tribes
(E). pumpkin; and other Indian tribes did not prepare meals in this way
14. Born of Ibuza parents in Nigeria, novelist Buchi Emecheta moved to England in 1962, since
which she has lived in North London.
(A). 1962, since which she has lived in North London
(B). 1962 and has lived since then in North London
(C). 1962, since then she has lived in North London
(D). 1962 and lived since then in North London
(E). 1962, and living in North London since that time
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SET11. 2006. 1
Section 3
1. The library is older than it but still just as beautiful as the courthouse.
(A). older than it but still just as beautiful as the courthouse
(B). older and it is just as beautiful as the courthouse
(C). older than the courthouse: it is just as beautiful as it
(D). older than the courthouse but just as beautiful
(E). just as beautiful as the courthouse and it is older than it
2. Winslow Homer, one of America's foremost artists, spent his last 27 years and painted on
the scenic Maine coast.
(A). spent his last 27 years and painted
(B). spent his last 27 years having painted
(C). spent his last 27 years painting
(D). having spent his last 27 years doing his painting
(E). spending his last 27 years painting
3. Researchers are experimenting with various techniques for preventing the accumulation in
water of high levels of nitrogen, which can kill plants and animals.
(A). nitrogen, which can kill plants and animals
(B). nitrogen; plants and animals can be killed
(C). nitrogen, that is what can kill plants and animals
(D). nitrogen, they could kill plants and animals
(E). nitrogen, and they can kill plants and animals
4. When the news spread how new goldfields were discovered in Nome, Alaska, thousands
abandoned Dawson, the site of the previous gold rush.
(A). how new goldfields were discovered
(B). how there was discovery of new goldfields
(C). about new goldfields, which they discovered
(D). about new goldfields, and they were discovered
(E). about new goldfields that had been discovered
5. When the Berlin Wall, long a symbol of the Cold War, began to be torn down in 1989, five
million people went to Berlin to celebrate that.
(A). to celebrate that
(B). for its celebration
(C). to celebrate
(D). in celebration of that
(E). in celebrating
6. To complete the music program, a student must present one vocal performance, one
instrumental performance, and composing one original work.
(A). and composing one original work
(B). and one original composition
(C). with one original composition
(D). and to compose one original work
(E). as well as the student's original composition
7. Zookeepers have expanded one's definition of care to include concern for the animal's
mental state as well as for its physical well-being.
(A). have expanded one's definition of care to include
(B). have expanded one's definition of care, including
(C). expand their definition of care, they include
(D). expanding the definition of care to include
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(E). have expanded their definition of care to include
8. The time and the place for such a large event is subject to approving from the mayor's
office.
(A). The time and the place for such a large event is subject to approving from the mayor's
office.
(B). For such a large event, the time and the place are subject to the mayor's office's approving
them.
(C). The time and the place for such a large event are subject to the approval of the mayor's
office.
(D). The time and place for such a large event are subject to be approved by the office of the
mayor.
(E). Subject to the approval of the mayor's office are the time and place for such a large event
taking place.
9. New Zealand's Kaikoura Peninsula, a ruggedly beautiful spit of land, borders an undersea
canyon that is home to the sperm whale and the giant squid.
(A). borders an undersea canyon that is
(B). bordering an undersea canyon,
(C). and it borders an undersea canyon, which is
(D). which borders an undersea canyon,
(E). is the border of an undersea canyon, being
10. In similarity with some other great works, the enduring horror tale Frankenstein was first
published anonymously; its author, Mary Shelley, wrote the novel when she was not quite
nineteen years old.
(A). In similarity with
(B). As
(C). Like what happened with
(D). Like the case with
(E). Like
11. The book is useful because it offers not just philosophy and theory but also tells you what
and how to live every day.
(A). but also tells you what and how to live every day
(B). but also it gives ways of everyday living
(C). but also advice for everyday living
(D). but also it gives practical advice for everyday life
(E). and also tells you what to do and how to live every day
12. The country found that its economy was growing (A) more stronger (B), with an improved
(C) outlook and more opportunities for training (D) and employment. No error (E)
13. The iris, the colored part of the eye, contains (A) delicate patterns that are (B) unique to (C)
each person, offering a powerful means of (D) identification. No error (E)
14. The newly elected (A) Prime Minister, to the dismay (B) of opponents from other parties,
have argued (C) for the strict regulation of (D) campaign financing. No error (E)
15. Studies have suggested (A) that eating nuts—almonds in particular—might help to lower (B)
blood cholesterol levels in humans and reducing (C) the risk of heart disease by protecting (D)
the blood vessels. No error (E)
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16. In (A) English literature James Boswell is the prime example of a biographer who, by
ensuring (B) the immortality of another (C) author, has achieved immortality for himself (D).
No error (E)
17. Because the garden was untended (A), the windows had no (B) shutters, and the lawn
overrun (C) by weeds, people passing by (D) the old house assumed that it was unoccupied.
No error (E)
18. Until recently, most people entering (A) politics feel (B) that loss of privacy was a fair price
(C) to pay for (D) the chance to participate in policy making. No error (E)
19. Only by tapping (A) their last reserves of energy were (B) the team members able to
salvage (C) what was beginning (D) to look like a lost cause. No error (E)
20. When Doris Lessing published The Golden Notebook in 1962, it (A) instantly established
(B) herself as one (C) of the most important (D) literary voices of her generation. No error (E)
21. Not many (A) authors have described (B) the effects of environmental pollution as effective
as (C) Rachel Carson, whose work is still a model for (D) nature writers. No error (E)
22. It was (A) a Chinese American grower who finally succeeded with adapting (B) the now
familiar (C) orange tree to (D) the American climate. No error (E)
23. The survey indicated that workers in the United States hope (A) that his or her (B) wages
will keep pace with (C) the rising (D) cost of living. No error (E)
24. In Angkor, Cambodia's ancient city, a clever (A) designed reservoir, five miles long and one
mile wide, supplied fish (B) and (C) helped farmers to produce (D) three crops of rice annually.
No error (E)
25. Last summer, when Mary's aunt and uncle flew from (A) Turkey to visit their relatives and
tour (B) the United States, Mary invited Sandhya and I (C) to her house to meet (D) them. No
error (E)
26. Ongoing (A) research by several scientists suggest (B) that regular periods of meditation
reduce (C) blood pressure and are likely to (D) contribute to other improvements in health. No
error (E)
27. Because the American Indian rodeo includes games and exhibitions developed as early as
(A) the seventeenth century, they predate (B) by (C) a few hundred years the form (D) of rodeo
now seen on television. No error (E)
28. Five years in the writing (A), her new book is both a response (B) to her critics’ mistrust
with (C) her earlier findings and an elaboration (D) of her original thesis. No error (E)
29. Despite (A) its cultural importance, the Daily Gazette lost (B) 70 percent of its subscribers
since 1920 and, by 1955, was losing (C) as much as (D) $200,000 a year. No error (E)
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(1) No one owns Antarctica. (2) The nations of the world agreed—some of them
reluctantly—that all countries would share the continent for the purposes of scientific
research. (3) Governed by the Antarctic Treaty, written in 1959 and adopted in 1961, which
has been signed by 27 countries. (4) Another 17 countries have agreed to abide by the treaty
in order to participate in research being done in Antarctica.
(5) In Antarctica, relations among the researchers and their countries are both simpler and
more complicated than in the rest of the world. (6) Relations are simpler because each country
has only a few scientists on this isolated continent. (7) Treaty clauses assure that the research
there is nonmilitary. (8) On the other hand, when conflicts do arise, there is no clear process for
dealing with them. (9) Decisions that can make or break the preservation of Antarctica's unique
environment and its scientific opportunities depend on a political system designed to have
nobody in command.
(10) Clear decision making has become a more urgent challenge as more tourists are
attracted to Antarctica. (11) Scientists living on Antarctica were not always as careful to preserve
the pristine environment as they are now. (12) Tour operators are working with treaty members
to devise regulations, and there are plans to assess the environmental impacts of tours. (13) But
regulations and assessment plans may prove difficult to settle on and enforce in a place where
jurisdiction is unclear.
30. What must be done to sentence 3?
(A). Combine it with sentence 2, putting a comma after "research".
(B). Begin it with the words "Antarctica is".
(C). Replace the comma after "1961" with a semicolon.
(D). Place the words "it was" before "written".
(E). Change "1961, which" to "1961. It".
31. What should be done with sentence 7?
(A). Change “assure” to “make sure”.
(B). Change “Treaty clauses” to “The clauses agreed to by the diverse countries represented
there”.
(C). Place sentence 7 before sentence 6.
(D). Combine sentence 7 with sentence 6 by changing the period after “continent” to a comma.
(E). Combine sentence 7 with sentence 6 by changing “continent. Treaty” to “continent and
also because treaty”.
32. In context, which is the best revision of the underlined portion of sentence 9 (reproduced
below) ?
Decisions that can make or break the preservation of Antarctica’s unique environment and its
scientific opportunities depend on a political system designed to have nobody in command.
(A). create or destroy
(B). support or dispute
(C). be determined by
(D). be critical to
(E). be an adjustment to
33. The purpose of the second paragraph is to
(A). present a situation that has contradictory elements
(B). offer a solution to a problem discussed in the first paragraph
(C). present an argument and its final resolution
(D). examine a theory in light of new discoveries
(E). discuss a theory that will be refuted in the third paragraph
34. Which sentence should be deleted'.'
(A). 1
(B). 2
(C). 11
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(D). 12
(E). 13
35. The third paragraph would be improved if which of the following sentences were added?
(A). Scientists collect ice cores by driving a hollow tube deep into the miles-thick ice sheets.
(B). If the West Antarctic ice sheet melted, global seas would rise by 15 to 20 feet.
(C). It is the driest place in the world, yet it contains 70 percent of Earth's freshwater.
(D). One cruise ship encountered 30-foot waves all the way across the Drake Passage.
(E). Last year, more than 10,000 tourists visited Antarctica, bringing soiled boots, climbing
gear, and trash to many locations.
Section 10
1. The Amazon River carries more water than the water carried in any of the world's other
rivers.
(A). the water carried in any of the world's other rivers
(B). the water elsewhere in the world's rivers
(C). any other river in the world
(D). all rivers in the world
(E). any of the world's rivers elsewhere
2. The owners of stadiums that bear the names of now bankrupt companies have a problem
what to do about the names.
(A). what to do about the names
(B). what they should do about the names
(C). deciding what to do about those names
(D). to decide as to whether the names should stay
(E). should they change those names or not
3. During the Fourth of July weekend in 1947, about six million people crowded onto the
beach and into the amusements at Coney Island, "America's Playground," in Brooklyn, New
York.
(A). During the Fourth of July weekend in 1947,
(B). It was the Fourth of July weekend in 1947 that
(C). The Fourth of July weekend that occurred in 1947 was when
(D). The Fourth of July weekend in 1947,
(E). Occurring in 1947 over the Fourth of July weekend,
4. Because fiscal problems will force some cities to lay off firefighters, and so the state
legislature must decide whether to provide those cities with financial aid.
(A). firefighters, and so
(B). firefighters is a matter
(C). firefighters,
(D). firefighters; then
(E). firefighters; this is a problem
5. A recently published history of comic books reveal that Batman was begun as an
experiment but became an institution.
(A). recently published history of comic books reveal that Batman was begun as an
experiment
(B). recently published history of comic books reveals that Batman began as an experiment
(C). recent published history of comic books revealed that Batman, who began as an
experiment
(D). history of comic books, recently published, revealing Batman first began as an
experiment
(E). history of comic books having been recently published, it reveals how Batman began as
an experiment
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6. A discovery in New Jersey actually contributed to the early economic development of
America and, in 1714, a worker uncovered a green rock containing copper.
(A). America and, in 1714, a worker uncovered
(B). America when, in 1714. a worker uncovered
(C). America, thus, in 1714, a worker uncovered
(D). America, that being a worker in 1714 uncovering
(E). America, it was in 1714 a worker uncovered
7. Selected as an astronaut by NASA in 1990, over 719 hours in space were spent by Dr. Ellen
Ochoa on three flights by 2001.
(A). over 719 hours in space were spent by Dr. Ellen Ochoa on three flights by 2001
(B). by 2001, and on three flights, Dr. Ellen Ochoa spent over 719 hours in space
(C). three flights and 719 hours were spent by Dr. Ellen Ochoa in space by 2001
(D). Dr. Ellen Ochoa, by 2001 spending over 719 hours in space on three flights
(E). Dr. Ellen Ochoa had spent over 719 hours in space on three flights by 2001
8. The old maxim "Let the buyer beware" suggests that as a buyer we are responsible for
inspecting merchandise for flaws before paying for it.
(A). as a buyer we are responsible
(B). as a buyer it is their responsibility
(C). the buyer is the responsible one
(D). buyers are responsible
(E). buyers are to be the ones responsible
9. The same analysts who once favored public-opinion polls now see them as hampering
representative government.
(A). The same analysts who once favored public-opinion polls now see them
(B). The same analysts which were once in favor of public-opinion polls now have come to
see them
(C). Public-opinion polls, once favored by analysis, but now seen by these same analysts
(D). As for favoring public-opinion polls, the same analysts now see them
(E). Analysts once were in favor of public-opinion polls, which these same analysts now see
10. Santa Fe is one of the oldest cities in the United States, its adobe architecture, spectacular
setting, and clear, radiant light have long made it a magnet for artists.
(A). Santa Fe is one of the oldest cities in the United States, its
(B). Santa Fe, which is one of the oldest cities in the United States, its
(C). Santa Fe, which is one of the oldest cities in the United States, has
(D). Santa Fe is one of the oldest cities in the United Stales; its
(E). Santa Fe, one of the oldest cities in the United States, and its
11. Dime novels, known in nineteenth-century England as "penny dreadfuls," flourished
because increased mechanization of printing and increased literacy rates made production of
large numbers of these books profitable.
(A). and increased literacy rates made
(B). with increased literacy rates also made
(C). and also literacy rates increased and made
(D). as well as increased literacy rates, making
(E). and literacy rates increased, making
12. Frequently on tour, a band called the Chieftains revered internationally as spirited
performers of traditional Irish music.
(A). revered internationally as spirited performers
(B). revered internationally and they are spirited performers
(C). is revered internationally for its spirited performances
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(D). is revered internationally as giving spirited performances
(E). are revered internationally as being spirited performers
13. Psychologists advise that before making any major changes in your life, a person needs to
focus on one’s goals.
(A). your life, a person needs to focus on one’s goals
(B). their life, a person needs to focus on their goals
(C). their lives, focus on the goals
(D). one’s life, you should focus on your goals
(E). their lives, people should focus on their goals
14. Some beaches are frequently contaminated by untreated sewage that flows into the ocean,
which can last for several days.
(A). ocean, which can last for several days
(B). ocean that can last for several days
(C). ocean, it can last for several days
(D). ocean, while contamination can last several days
(E). ocean; the contamination can last for several days
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SET12. 2006. 5
Section 6
1. It being agreed by world leaders that there should be a major organized effort to address
poverty, illiteracy, and disease; they then set goals by which progress could be measured.
(A). It being agreed by world leaders
(B). World leaders agreed
(C). World leaders who should agree
(D). World leaders being in agreement
(E). World leaders, in agreement
2. At lunchtime, Kevin paid for Anita's hamburger; the reason is because he owed her money.
(A). hamburger; the reason is because he owed
(B). hamburger; this was because he owed
(C). hamburger, in that he owed
(D). hamburger because he owed
(E). hamburger because of owing
3. Reading poetry aloud usually helps me understand it better.
(A). Reading poetry aloud
(B). Poetry, read aloud,
(C). To read poetry aloud, this
(D). If one reads poetry aloud it
(E). I read poetry aloud, it
4. One of the most beautiful trees in North America, the chestnut tree brought nearly to
extinction by a fungus during the chestnut blight of 1909.
(A). tree brought nearly to extinction by a fungus
(B). tree, which a fungus brought nearly to extinction
(C). tree, but a fungus brought it nearly to extinction
(D). tree was brought nearly to extinction by a fungus
(E). tree, having been brought nearly to extinction by a fungus
5. A hot-air balloon rises when the air inside it becomes warm, drops when that air cools, and
moves sideways when blown by the wind.
(A). moves sideways when blown by the wind
(B). moving sideways when the wind blows
(C). when the wind blows, the movement is sideways
(D). caused to move sideways when blown by the wind
(E). it is blown by the wind, causing sideways movement
6. The supply clerk was careless in taking inventory, its leading to a shortage of some items
and an excess of others.
(A). The supply clerk was careless in taking inventory, its leading
(B). In taking inventory the supply clerk was careless, this carelessness led
(C). The supply clerk was careless in taking inventory and it led
(D). The supply clerk's carelessness in taking inventory led
(E). The inventory, it was taken carelessly by the supply clerk, which led
7. In 1903, physicist Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, moreover, in
1911, she became the first person to win it a second time.
(A). physicist Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel prize, moreover,
(B). Marie Curie, a physicist, won the Nobel prize, which was the first time a woman won it,
then,
(C). physicist Marie Curie became the first woman to win the Nobel Prize;
(D). Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize for the first time as a woman who was a physicist, and
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(E). physicist Marie Curie became the first winner of the Nobel Prize among women,
moreover,
8. Sometimes called "the founder of art in Texas," a sculpture of William Jennings Bryan was
completed by Elisabet Nev in her Austin studio in 1899.
(A). a sculpture of William Jennings Bryan was completed by Elisabet Ney in her Austin
studio in 1899
(B). William Jennings Bryan's sculpture was completed by Elisabet Ney in her Austin studio
in 1899
(C). in her Austin studio, Elisabet Ney having completed a sculpture of William Jennings
Bryan in 1899
(D). because a sculpture of William Jennings Bryan was completed in 1899 in her Austin
studio by Elisabet Ney
(E). Elisabet Ney completed a sculpture of William Jennings Bryan in her Austin studio in
1899
9. Professor Brand, who enjoys welcoming international students to her home on
Thanksgiving, served the traditional turkey dressed in Pilgrim clothing.
(A). served the traditional turkey dressed in Pilgrim clothing
(B). served the traditional turkey, dressing in Pilgrim clothing
(C). serving the traditional turkey and dressed in Pilgrim clothing
(D). dressed in Pilgrim clothing to serve the traditional turkey
(E). dressed in Pilgrim clothing and the traditional turkey was served
10. Chop suey originated in the United States, and many people assume that it was China.
(A). and many people assume that it was
(B). many people assuming
(C). not, as many people assume, in
(D). not what many people assume being
(E). but many people assume it to be
11. The discrepancy between the richness of Shakespeare's works and how much biographical
information is lacking has not diminished over centuries.
(A). how much biographical information is lacking
(B). the lacking of much biographical information
(C). the lack of biographical information about Shakespeare
(D). there is a lack of biographical information
(E). Shakespeare's biography
12. Global warming trends, what (A) play a big role in the melting (B) of tropical glaciers like
those on Mt. Kilimanjaro, may cause (C) many ice caps to vanish within (D) 20 years. No error
(E)
13. Charles Dickens' Great Expectations is a novel in which (A) the main character becomes so
obsessed with (B) the idea of becoming (C) a gentleman that (D) his moral judgment is
temporarily affected. No error (E)
14. The candidate called for (A) medical insurance reform, but to me he seemed less interested
in the plight of uninsured citizens than in (B) whether enough is (C) registered (D) to vote. No
error (E)
15. Our new neighbors are the most (A) sociable people we have ever met (B), and our chief
interests (C), cooking and politics, are similar to them (D). No error (E)
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16. Katherine felt that she has not had (A) any understanding of (B) the highly intricate
workings (C) of the stock market until (D) her uncle took her to the New York Stock Exchange.
No error (E)
17. It was fortunate (A) that the police officer arrived quickly because she was (B) the only
person at the scene who was able to investigate (C) the accident calm (D) and dispassionately.
No error (E)
18. During rehearsals, the director praised the actors which (A) had (B) supporting roles more
often than (C) those with the most demanding (D) roles. No error (E)
19. What (A) becomes apparent from assessing (B) scientific accomplishments is that only
relatively recently have (C) the necessary technology been developed for (D) solving the
mysteries of genetics. No error (E)
20. Because (A) his experience in the naval medical corps had been rewarding (B), Bob applied
to (C) medical school after he was discharged (D) from the navy. No error (E)
21. Ocean currents that start in the warm waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans (A) are
initially low (B) in salt content but become (C) more saline as it flows (D) northward into
colder regions. No error (E)
22. Plants grown for (A) their flowers should be treated with (B) a low-nitrogen fertilizer
because excessive nitrogen promotes (C) the growth of leaves at the expense of (D) flowers.
No error (E)
23. Those who (A) defend sequoia trees from (B) loggers justified (C) doing so (D) on the
grounds that such trees are irreplaceable. No error (E)
24. Extending (A) along several city blocks are (B) a row of ginkgo trees, their leaves (C)
turning (D) a brilliant yellow now that summer is over. No error (E)
25. Africa's Kanem empire, after enduring for (A) over a thousand years, is (B) believed to
have fallen into decline (C) when trade centers shift (D) outside its boundaries. No error (E)
26. Opposite to (A) most people I know, Annie, a good photographer herself (B), actually
enjoys seeing (C) the photographs that her friends take on their (D) vacations. No error (E)
27. My roommate, a drama major, claimed that (A) Ibsen's plays, unlike Ionesco (B), are totally
conventional (C) in their (D) style. No error (E)
28. Not very particular in (A) nesting sites (B), house wrens may nest (C) in birdhouses,
mailboxes, building crevices—even in the pockets of (D) hanging laundry. No error (E)
29. At (A) the reception were (B) the chattering (C) guests, the three-tiered cake, and the lively
music that have become characteristic of (D) many wedding celebrations. No error (E)
(1)History is the study not only of cataclysmic events but also of seemingly insignificant
things, like the chili pepper.
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(2)The chili pepper was known only in the Americas. (3) When Columbus ran into the chili
pepper, he mistakenly thought it was related to black pepper, which was widely traded in
Europe. (4) Once Columbus introduced the chili pepper to Europe, it spread quickly throughout
Europe and Asia.
(5) The introduction of the chili pepper had a tremendous impact on the balance of power
among the European countries that were already involved in the black pepper trade, and, what was
even larger in scope, on Asian and European cultures. (6) Before the discovery of chili pepper,
black pepper was considered so valuable that it was the focus of international rivalry. (7) Egypt
and the Italian city-states, Venice and Genoa, wanted to retain exclusive control of the black
pepper trade and the economic power that went along with it.
(8) Spain's explorers went to sea, and one reason for it was black pepper. (9) They wanted
to get it by bypassing the trade route controlled by the Arabs and Italians. (10) But instead of
black pepper, they found the chili pepper and discovered that it had many advantages over black
pepper. (11) Among them was that it was a lot easier to grow than black pepper: it could grow in
cool regions as well as hot ones.
30. In context, which should be added to the beginning of sentence 2?
(A). Because it was unknown in Europe and Asia,
(B). To the astonishment of most people,
(C). Until the expeditions of the European explorer, Columbus,
(D). Moreover, after the years of European exploration
(E). Why chili peppers have turned out to be so important is that
31. Which is the best replacement for "ran into" in sentence 3?
(A). encountered
(B). met up with
(C). observed
(D). confronted
(E). got hold of
32. Of the following, which is the best revision for the underlined part of sentence 5
(reproduced below)?
The introduction of the chili pepper had a tremendous impact on the balance of power among
the European countries that were already involved in the black pepper trade, and, what was
even larger in scope, on Asian and European cultures.
(A). trade, not to mention on
(B). trade, but also
(C). trade, an impact also on
(D). trade; it also was affecting
(E). trade, and they also affected
33. Which of the following would most improve the third paragraph (sentences 5-7)?
(A). A more detailed discussion of how the introduction of the chili pepper influenced Asian
and European cultures
(B). An account of earlier attempts to take control of the black pepper trade away from Egypt
and the Italian city-states
(C). More information about how black pepper came to be so expensive
(D). A list of the countries that were affected by the introduction of the chili pepper
(E). A comparison of the price of black pepper in different countries in Europe during the
Middle Ages
34. In context, which is the best way to combine sentences 8 and 9 (reproduced below)?
Spain's explorers went to sea, and one reason for it was black pepper. They wanted to get it
by bypassing the trade route controlled by the Arabs and Italians.
(A). Spain's explorers went to sea, and one reason for that was they wanted to bypass the trade
route controlled by the Arabs and Italians for black pepper.
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(B). Spain's explorers went to sea, one reason for this was to find black pepper, bypassing the
trade route controlled by the Arabs and Italians.
(C). For black pepper, Spain's explorers went to sea, one reason for which was to bypass the
trade route controlled by the Arabs and Italians.
(D). Because the Arabs and Italians controlled the trade route of black pepper, Spain's
explorers went to sea as a bypass.
(E). One reason that Spain's explorers went to sea was to get black pepper by bypassing the
trade route controlled by the Arabs and Italians.
35. Which is the best sentence to put after sentence 11?
(A). In the United States you can even grow chili peppers in northern states like Minnesota.
(B). Suddenly, there was a hardy alternative to black pepper.
(C). In the end, the Europeans never found a passage to the spice countries through the
American continents.
(D). Black pepper is still popular today, and much less expensive than it was a few centuries
ago.
(E). The majority of peppers are grown and consumed in Mexico and Latin America.
Section 10
1. Known by millions for both his recordings and his roles in Hollywood movies, and Frank
Sinatra was dubbed one of the most famous "crooners" in show business.
(B). movies, and Frank Sinatra
(C). movies, Frank Sinatra
(D). movies; therefore, Frank Sinatra
(E). movies; so it was Frank Sinatra who
(F). movies, Frank Sinatra who
2. Our modern solar calendar, established in 1582, is based on the Julian calendar, Julius
Caesar introduced it in 46 B.C.
(A). calendar, Julius Caesar introduced it
(B). calendar, which is what was introduced by Julius Caesar
(C). calendar; then Julius Caesar introduced it
(D). calendar, with an introduction by Julius Caesar
(E). calendar, introduced by Julius Caesar
3. While describing his first attempt to learn surfing, Jamal would be pleased by the interest
his classmates were showing.
(A). While describing his first attempt to learn surfing, Jamal would be pleased
(B). As he was describing his first attempt to learn surfing, Jamal was pleased
(C). Jamal, describing his first attempt to learn surfing, he was pleased
(D). When he described his first attempt to learn surfing, Jamal, pleased
(E). At the same time when he described his first attempt to learn surfing, Jamal was pleased
4. Josephine Baker (1906-1975), one of the most versatile performers of the twentieth century,
and who acquired fame as a dancer, singer, Broadway actress, and movie star.
(A). and who acquired
(B). she has acquired
(C). and she has acquired
(D). and who is acquiring
(E). acquired
5. In a nearby resort community fewer accidents have been reported and the number of
speeding tickets to be issued have decreased since speed bumps were installed.
(A). to be issued have decreased
(B). issued have been on the decrease
(C). issued has decreased
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(D). that were issued have now decreased
(E). issued decreasing
6. Having millions of gallons of freshwater underground, Florida environmentalists work to
educate the public on the dangers of ground pollution.
(A). Having millions of gallons of freshwater
(B). Because millions of gallons of freshwater are
(C). Because of freshwater in the millions of gallons
(D). By considering that there are millions of gallons of freshwater
(E). Awareness of the millions of gallons of freshwater
7. Because the meteorite Ahnighito, the centerpiece of the Hall of Meteorites, weigh 34 tons,
supports for it go through the floor and foundation down to the bedrock beneath the
museum.
(A). weigh 34 tons, supports for it
(B). weighs 34 tons, its supports
(C). weighs 34 tons, and it has supports that
(D). weighs 34 tons, supports are there for it, and they
(E). weigh 34 tons, their supports
8. Watermelons have been cultivated for more than 4,000 years, and whereby thumping them
to test for ripeness has an equally long history.
(A). and whereby thumping them
(B). whereby thumping them
(C). because thumping them
(D). thumping them as a way
(E). and thumping them
9. In the eighteenth century, the English emphasis on the study of Greek and Latin allowed it
to produce some fine poetry written in classical verse forms.
(A). the English emphasis on the study of Greek and Latin allowed it
(B). by emphasizing the study of Greek and Latin, this allowed England
(C). English emphasis on the study of Greek and Latin allowed them
(D). an emphasis in England on the study of Greek and Latin allowed them
(E). an emphasis on the study of Greek and Latin allowed the English
10. As a child growing up on a farm, my sister and I visited many county fairs, where my
parents would exhibit their prize livestock.
(A). As a child growing up on a farm
(B). A child who grew up on a farm
(C). Farm children and growing up
(D). Growing up on a farm
(E). Since growing up on a farm
11. Bertha Lamme received her engineering degree in 1893, which she then specialized
professionally in the design of motors and generators.
(A). 1893, which she then specialized professionally
(B). 1893, specializing as her profession
(C). 1893 and, as a professional, specialized
(D). 1893, then, for a profession, specializes
(E). 1893, she has specialized as a professional
12. Even minor usage and spelling errors make the reading task harder and can cause readers to
suspect that the content of the document is also flawed.
(A). make the reading task harder and can cause readers to suspect
(B). makes the reading task harder and causes readers to suspect
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(C). make reading hard and makes readers suspicious
(D). will make the task of reading hard, it thus can cause readers to suspect
(E). will have made the reading hard, which means that readers suspect
13. The name "transferware" comes from a nineteenth-century technique for which a pattern is
engraved onto a copper roll, printed on tissue paper, and transferred onto earthenware
dishes.
(A). comes from a nineteenth-century technique for which
(B). comes from a nineteenth-century technique according to which
(C). comes from a nineteenth-century technique whereby
(D). is a nineteenth-century technique wherein
(E). means, it is a nineteenth-century technique by which
14. Prized for their brilliance and durability, people will spend thousands of dollars on
high-quality diamonds.
(A). Prized for their brilliance and durability, people will spend thousands of dollars on
high-quality diamonds.
(B). Prized for their brilliance and durability, thousands of dollars are spent by people on
high-quality diamonds.
(C). Prizing them for their brilliance as well as their durability, thousands of dollars can be
spent by people on high-quality diamonds.
(D). Prizing the brilliance and durability of high-quality diamonds, people will spend
thousands of dollars for them.
(E). Prizing high-quality diamonds for their brilliance and durability are what makes people
spend thousands of dollars for them.
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SET13. 2006. 10. (OG1)
1. A recent report indicates that sleep-deprived drivers caused more than 100,000 accidents
last year, they fall asleep at the wheel.
(A). year, they fall
(B). year, and they fall
(C). year by falling
(D). year and falling
(E). year, they were falling
2. The depths of the Arctic Ocean are hard to study, mainly because the icy surface is being
difficult to penetrate using current techniques.
(A). to study, mainly because the icy surface is being
(B). to study as a result of the icy surface, mainly, is
(C). to study, mainly because the icy surface is
(D). studying, mainly from the icy surface being
(E). studying, mainly resulting from the icy surface being
3. Several of the forest fires that occurred last summer which were because people are
careless.
(A). which were because people are careless
(B). were caused by human carelessness
(C). because people are careless
(D). are because of human carelessness
(E). happened from people being careless
4. Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu has disproved a widely accepted theory of physics when she showed
that identical nuclear particles do not always act alike.
(A). has disproved
(B). having disproved
(C). disproved
(D). disproves
(E). disproving
5. We generally think of Canada as the northern neighbor of the United States, and more than
half of the states extend farther north than Canada's southernmost point.
(A). States, and more than half of the states extend
(B). States, and it is the case that more than half of the states extend
(C). States, but more than half of the states extending
(D). States, whereas more than half of the states are extending
(E). States; however, more than half of the states extend
6. The three volumes of memoirs by Wole Soyinka begin with his childhood in a Nigerian
village and culminate with his years at the University of Ibadan, one of the best universities
in West Africa.
(A). begin with his childhood in a Nigerian village and culminate
(B). that begin with his childhood in a Nigerian village and culminate
(C). have begun with his childhood in a Nigerian village and culminating
(D). beginning with his childhood in a Nigerian village and culminating
(E). are begun as a child in a Nigerian village and culminate
7. Dressed in a crisp, clean uniform, it reflected the efficient manner of the tour guide as she
distributed maps for a walking tour of central Canberra.
(A). Dressed in a crisp, clean uniform, it reflected the efficient manner of the tour guide
(B). Dressed in a crisp, clean uniform, the efficient manner of the tour guide was reflected
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(C). Dressed in a crisp, clean uniform that reflected the efficient manner of the tour guide
(D). The crisp, clean uniform of the tour guide reflected her efficient manner
(E). The crisp, clean uniform of the tour guide, a reflection of her efficient manner
8. A cure for some kinds of cancer, scientists believe, may be found within the next decade.
(A). scientists believe, may be
(B). scientists believe they may be
(C). being maybe, in the belief of some scientists,
(D). there are some scientists who believe it may be
(E). which, some scientists believe, may be
9. A review of the composer's new symphony called it confusing because of its unusual
structure, and its melodious final movement makes it elegant.
(A). structure, and its melodious final movement makes it elegant
(B). structure, although elegant by having its melodious final movement
(C). structure, and it is elegant with its melodious final movement
(D). structure while having a melodious final movement that made it elegant
(E). structure but elegant because of its melodious final movement
10. By building new windmill farms, consumption of fossil fuels are reduced, and tons of
carbon dioxide emissions are kept out of the atmosphere.
(A). By building new windmill farms, consumption of fossil fuels are reduced, and tons of
carbon dioxide emissions are kept
(B). By building new windmill farms, it reduces consumption of fossil fuels, and tons of
carbon dioxide emissions are kept
(C). Building new windmill farms reduces fossil fuel consumption and keeps tons of carbon
dioxide emissions
(D). When new windmill farms are built, they reduce fossil fuel consumption, and it keeps
tons of carbon dioxide emissions
(E). New windmill farms, when built, reduce fossil fuel consumption, and also tons of carbon
dioxide emissions are kept
11. The famous battle depicted in the film Braveheart took place in northern England, and
many people assume that it was the Scottish Highlands.
(A). and many people assume that it was
(B). many people assuming
(C). but many people assume it to be
(D). not what many people assume
(E). not, as many people assume, in
12. Interested in studying (A) insects and their effects on agriculture, Larissa and Tariq plan to
become (B) an entomologist (C) and then return to help (D) the farmers in their small town.
No error (E)
13. From (A) about A.D, 700 to 1600, sculptors created (B) nearly (C) 1,000 colossal rock
statues on the remote (D) and tiny Easter Island. No error (E)
14. Because our casserole was smelling surprisingly badly (A) as it baked, the food science
teacher came over to ask us what (B) we had put (C) in it (D). No error (E)
15. Jerome often referred to (A) art history textbooks while he (B) was sculpting; whenever he
learned a new method in art class, he seeks out (C) the work of sculptors who had used it
(D) in the past. No error (E)
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16. As he eagerly (A) awaited the interview for (B) the job, Miguel thought it wise (C)
suppressing (D) his nervousness and to display a calm he did not feel. No error (E)
17. According to (A) educational statistics, the average age of college students has risen (B)
quite noticeable (C) over the past (D) 25 years. No error (E)
18. Neither the koala bear or (A) the red panda belongs to (B) the bear family; the koala is a
marsupial, and the red panda is (C) thought to be related to (D) the raccoon. No error (E)
19. Before boarding (A), passengers must purchase (B) his or her (C) tickets in the main
concourse of the bus terminal because (D) tickets are not sold on the bus. No error (E)
20. According to (A) some demographers, the number of United States citizens aged 65 or
older (B) is (C) likely to rise (D) to 87 million by 2050. No error (E)
21. When they were asked (A) to compare Norman Rockwell’s paintings to painter Robert
Rauschenberg (B), the students entered into (C) a prolonged (D) discussion about the
representation of reality in art. No error (E)
22. Contrary to what (A) many people believe, heat lightning is not lightning (B) caused by
heat; it is ordinary lightning that occurs at too great a distance (C) for its accompanying
thunder to be audible (D). No error (E)
23. The grooved and barbed spears of the box jellyfish, each (A) trailed by (B) a poison thread,
is released (C) when (D) the animal is threatened. No error (E)
24. The derelict old house across from (A) the warehouses and the even more (B) decrepit one
just beside (C) them have been placed (D) on the list of historic landmarks. No error (E)
25. As (A) their brains mature neurologically (B), infants become more capable to distinguish (C)
the shapes and textures of the objects around them (D). No error (E)
26. Home of (A) the world's largest chocolate-manufacturing plant, Hershey, Pennsylvania, was
originally known as (B) Derry Church, but its name was changed in 1906 to honor (C) one
of their (D) most famous residents. No error (E)
27. The valuable stringed instruments in (A) this display, all more than (B) 300 years old, were
carefully crafted by artisans famous (C) in their day but long since (D) forgotten. No error
(E)
28. The regularly scheduled (A) conference between my tutor and me (B) is (C) set for Friday,
but my low grades in chemistry requires (D) me to arrange an earlier meeting. No error (E)
29. There is (A) probably no (B) story more dramatic (C) than baseball’s (D) great hitter and
right fielder, Hank Aaron. No error (E)
(1) A castle is not the same thing as a palace, though some people use the terms "castle" and
"palace" interchangeably. (2) Castles are fortified dwellings, built by feudal lords of the Middle
Ages. (3) Their stone walls, moats, iron gates, and drawbridges were designed to ward off
marauding plunderers and hostile armies. (4) Small windows in castle walls allowed archers to
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shoot at intruders from positions of comparative safety. (5) But even welcomed guests would
have found castles less than inviting. (6) In royal palaces there were to be found many comforts
that medieval castles did not offer. (7) These had dark dungeons and damp, drafty living quarters
instead.
(8) Though castles were made obsolete by the invention of the cannon in the fourteenth
century, many survive to the present day as fascinating relics of a bygone era. (9)These
structures, which were designed to keep people at a distance, now attract visitors from all over
the world. (10)There are scores of medieval castles located throughout Europe. (11) Some, like
Eilean Donan Castle and the Chateau de Chambonneau, are well-maintained tourist attractions.
(12) In one Welsh village, the decaying remnants of a castle sit beside cozy brick houses on an
ordinary street.
30. Of the following, which would most improve the first paragraph (sentences 1-7)?
(A). Providing a brief summary of medieval history
(B). Tracing the origin of the word "castle"
(C). Explaining more fully what a palace is
(D). Placing sentence 7 immediately after sentence 1
(E). Deleting sentence 3
31. Which of the following sentences, if inserted immediately after sentence 3, would most
effectively link sentences 3 and 4?
(A). These walls were built by laborers known as "serfs."
(B). Drawbridges had been in use since ancient times.
(C). Those who defied such obstacles did so at their peril.
(D). Under feudalism, all land was considered property of the king.
(E). Still, not all visitors came with hostile intentions.
32. In context, which of the following is the best way to combine sentences 6 and 7
(reproduced below)?
In royal palaces there were to be found many comforts that medieval castles did not offer.
These had dark dungeons and damp, drafty living quarters instead.
(A). Because medieval castles had dark dungeons and damp, drafty living quarters, royal
palaces offered many more comforts than could be found there.
(B). Lacking many comforts compared to royal palaces, medieval castles instead offered dark
dungeons and damp, drafty living quarters,
(C). While medieval castles offered only dark dungeons and damp, drafty living quarters,
many comforts were to be found in royal palaces.
(D). Unlike medieval castles, royal palaces offered many comforts not found in dark dungeons
and damp, drafty living quarters.
(E). With their dark dungeons and damp, drafty living quarters, medieval castles offered few
of the comforts to be found in royal palaces.
33. Which of the following would most appropriately be inserted at the beginning of sentence
9?
(A). Actually,
(B). Basically,
(C). Ironically,
(D). By contrast,
(E). In retrospect,
34. Which of the following sentences would best be inserted between sentences 11 and 12?
(A). But not all castles can be considered obsolete.
(B). Elsewhere, the environment may be a factor.
(C). However, many travelers prefer to avoid such "tourist traps."
(D). Others crumble away in relative obscurity.
(E). Besides, appearances are often misleading.
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35. Which of the following sentences would most effectively be placed after sentence 12?
(A). In the final analysis, palaces are actually little more than luxurious castles.
(B). There, medieval austerity stands in bold relief against a background of modern comfort.
(C). The decline of the castle's importance as an architectural form coincided with the
transformation of medieval society.
(D). In the United States, imposing structures like Hearst's Castle are not really castles in the
strictest sense of the word.
(E). Eilean Donan Castle was named for a 7th-century saint who lived as a hermit in the
Scottish Highlands.
Section 10
1. There is many challenges associated with starting one's own business.
(A). is many challenges associated
(B). is many challenges to associate
(C). is many challenges associating
(D). are many challenges associated
(E). are many challenges which associate
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2. The watercolors it has on display by the museum represent the era when Japan's emergence
from feudalism and isolation inspired its artists to explore new themes and techniques.
(A). it has on display by the museum represent the era when
(B). that it, the museum, is displaying represents the era of
(C). on display at the museum represent the era when
(D). displayed at the museum representing the era when
(E). being displayed at the museum represents the era while
3. The origins of the Teapot Dome scandal can be traced to the presidency of Theodore
Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson.
(A). can be traced to the presidency of
(B). can be traced to the presidencies of
(C). happened in the presidency of
(D). happening during the presidencies of
(E). that happened in the presidency of
4. When Sheila and Lucy visited the restaurant, she noticed that the menu had changed and
that their favorite dish was no longer offered.
(A). she noticed that the menu had changed
(B). she notices that the menu has changed
(C). Sheila has noticed the menu changed
(D). Sheila had noticed the menu changing
(E). Sheila noticed that the menu had changed
5. Carried by the strong, dry winds of the stratosphere, the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint
Helens caused dust that crossed the United States in three days and circled the globe in two
weeks.
(A). the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust that
(B). Mount Saint Helens' eruption in 1980 caused dust that
(C). dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens
(D). dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens that
(E). there was dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens and it
6. The new regulations have so complicated the process of formulating a school budget to
where no one on the Board of Education is eager to undertake the task.
(A). budget to where
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(B). budget, therefore
(C). budget, even
(D). budget as
(E). budget that
7. The shift from traditional to cosmetic dentistry is because adults are getting fewer cavities
and becoming more vain.
(A). is because adults are getting fewer cavities and becoming
(B). is because of adults getting fewer cavities and their becoming
(C). is caused from adults getting fewer cavities and in addition become
(D). is occurring because adults are getting fewer cavities and becoming
(E). occurs because of adults getting fewer cavities and become
8. If asked to name a musical group with broad and lasting appeal, the Beatles would be the
choice for many, no matter what kinds of music are actually preferred.
(A). the Beatles would be the choice for many, no matter what kinds of music are actually
preferred
(B). the Beatles will be chosen by many people, no matter what kinds of music they actually
prefer
(C). the choice for many people, whatever kinds of music they actually prefer, would be the
Beatles
(D). many, who actually preferred different kinds of music, choose the Beatles
(E). many people, no matter what kinds of music they actually prefer, would choose the
Beatles
9. In 1972, to reduce pollution in the Great Lakes, limits having been set by the United States
and Canada on the amount of phosphorus that could be discharged into Lakes Erie and
Ontario.
(A). limits having been set by the United States and Canada
(B). limits set by the United States and Canada
(C). limits have been set by the United States and Canada
(D). the United States and Canada have set limits
(E). the United States and Canada set limits
10. Ruben Blades, already certified as a lawyer in his native country of Panama, supported
himself by singing salsa while pursuing an advanced degree in international law at Harvard
University.
(A). Blades, already certified as a lawyer
(B). Blades, already being a certified lawyer
(C). Blades, already certified for being a lawyer
(D). Blades was already certified as a lawyer
(E). Blades is certified as a lawyer already
11. The newspaper business in the United States faces a challenge, being that it must reconcile
the high-minded goal of informing readers with the commercial one of making money.
(A). challenge, being that it must reconcile the high-minded goal of informing readers with the
commercial one of making money
(B). challenge of it reconciling the high-minded goal of informing readers with the
commercial one of making money
(C). challenge; as such it must reconcile the high-minded goal of informing readers with the
commercial one of making money
(D). challenge because it must reconcile the high-minded goal of informing readers with the
commercial one of making money
(E). challenge; since it has the high-minded goal of informing readers with the commercial
one of making money being reconciled
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12. All species of sea turtles are endangered because of overharvesting of adults, their eggs
being disturbed, and destruction of nesting habitats.
(A). of overharvesting of adults, their eggs being disturbed, and destruction of nesting habitats
(B). of the adults being overharvested, their eggs disturbed, and destroying nesting habitats
(C). the overharvesting of adults, disturbance of their eggs, and destruction of nesting habitats
(D). the adults are overharvested, their eggs are disturbed, and their nesting habitats are
destroyed
(E). being overharvested as adults, their eggs being disturbed, and destruction of nesting
habitats
13. Although the exact cause of type 2 diabetes is unknown, experts say that for some people
improper diet and lack of exercise contributes to the onset of the disease.
(A). exercise contributes
(B). exercise, they contribute
(C). exercise contribute
(D). exercise, contributing
(E). exercise has been contributing
14. Acquaintances of Alexei have commented that he is at once annoying because of his
unpredictability but his imagination is still a delight.
(A). but his imagination is still a delight
(B). although he is delightfully imaginative
(C). and he is delightful in his imagination too
(D). while being imaginative and they are delighted
(E). and delightful because of his imagination
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SET14. 2007. 1. (OG2)
1. Confident that she was fully prepared, Ellen decided to spend the night before the recital
reading and relaxing but not to be practicing.
(A). but not to be practicing
(B). and not for practicing
(C). more than to practice
(D). rather than practicing
(E). rather than having practiced
2. Sir Ronald Ross, winner of the 1902 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, and who
identified the Anopheles mosquito as the transmitter of human malaria.
(A). and who identified
(B). he has identified
(C). and he has identified
(D). and who is identifying
(E). identified
3. Traveling through Yosemite, the scenery of waterfalls and granite peaks, which we
photographed, was beautiful.
(A). the scenery of waterfalls and granite peaks, which we photographed, was beautiful
(B). the waterfalls and granite peaks were the beautiful scenery we photographed
(C). we photographed the beautiful scenery of waterfalls and granite peaks
(D). we photographed the scenery of waterfalls and granite peaks, being beautiful
(E). what we photographed was the beautiful scenery of waterfalls and granite peaks
4. The poet Firdawsi composed the Iranian national epic Shah-nameh in 1010 with his
purpose being to recount the history of the Persian kings.
(A). with his purpose being to recount
(B). and his purpose was recounting
(C). to recount
(D). thus recounted
(E). he recounted
5. As a choreographer, Judith Jamison has enriched the world of dance, she uses as her work's
inspiration African American culture.
(A). Jamison has enriched the world of dance, she uses as her work's inspiration
(B). Jamison has enriched the world of dance with works inspired by
(C). Jamison, who has enriched the world of dance by works whose inspirations are
(D). Jamison, enriching the world of dance, with works inspired by
(E). Jamison enriches the world of dance through works that had the inspiration of
6. Leslie Marmon Silko has said that her writing, which was powerfully influenced by
storytellers in her family but that the landscape of her childhood also shaped her vision and
provided stories.
(A). her writing, which was powerfully influenced by storytellers in her family
(B). her writing, powerfully influenced by family storytellers
(C). family storytellers powerfully influenced her writing
(D). storytellers in the family being powerful influences on her writing
(E). powerfully influential in her writing was family storytellers
7. Finding the Baltimore waterfront fascinating, all that there was to see was thoroughly
explored by Antonio.
(A). Finding the Baltimore waterfront fascinating, all that there was to see was thoroughly
explored by Antonio.
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(B). Antonio found the Baltimore waterfront fascinating, he thoroughly explored all that there
was to see.
(C). Finding the Baltimore waterfront fascinating, Antonio thoroughly explored all that there
was to see.
(D). The Baltimore waterfront is fascinating and is why Antonio thoroughly explored all that
there was to see.
(E). The Baltimore waterfront can be found fascinating, and this made Antonio explore all that
there was to see.
8. In the 100-yard relay our team impressed the crowd, with each of the members shaving
several seconds off her own best time.
(A). of the members shaving
(B). of the members had shaved
(C). of the members was shaving
(D). who had been shaving
(E). who shaved
9. Because of their ability to eat large numbers of insects, some people are building bat houses
in their backyards.
(A). Because of their ability to eat large numbers of insects, some people are building bat
houses in their backyards.
(B). They have the ability to eat large numbers of insects, so some people are building bat
houses in their backyards.
(C). Because bats can eat large numbers of insects, but houses are being built in their
backyards by some people.
(D). Some people are building bat houses in their backyards because bats can eat large
numbers of insects.
(E). Bats can eat large numbers of insects, because of this some people are building bat houses
in their backyards.
10. For all their talk about ecology, major companies have so far spent very little to fight
pollution.
(A). For all their talk
(B). In spite of the fact of their having talked
(C). Besides their having talked
(D). In addition to their talking
(E). Although there is talk between one and the other
11. The survival of many species of marine life may depend on both the enforcement of
waste-disposal regulations and the education of the public about the fragility of ocean
resources.
(A). and the education of the public
(B). educating the public
(C). and the public being educated
(D). along with the education of the public
(E). in combination with public education
12. Hearing (A) the unexpected loud noise, Cindy, Leroy, and me (B) were so startled (C) that
we almost jumped out of our seats (D). No error (E)
13. Many admire Louisa May Alcott for her detailed descriptions of (A) nineteenth-century
domestic life in novels such as (B) Little Women, but few have read (C) the lurid thrillers
she writes (D) early in her career. No error (E)
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14. According to some critics, the title character of the Greek tragedy Oedipus Rex saw himself
(A) as the savior (B) of his people and believing (C) erroneously that he could do (D) no
wrong. No error (E)
15. Unlike (A) Thomas, neither Leslie or (B) her younger brother Philip has an interest (C) in a
career in (D) law. No error (E)
16. One subject of (A) Felipe Alfau's second novel, published more than (B) 40 years after it
has been (C) written (D), is the illusory nature of the passage of time. No error (E)
17. Joining a grassroots movement against inhumane working conditions, some consumers in
the United States have stopped buying (A) products from countries in which (B) workers
are essentially (C) a slave laborer (D). No error (E)
18. As the mayor was evaluating (A) the proposed tax, he was less interested in the revenue it
would generate (B) than in whether they (C) would disproportionately (D) affect certain
income groups. No error (E)
19. Eating garlic has long been regarded (A) as a means (B) of warding off malaise, and
scientific research has shown (C) that it does have (D) some therapeutic value. No error (E)
20. Although the night shift is fully staffed (A), the managers always holds us (B) responsible
for that shift's (C) work if it (D) is not finished when we arrive in the morning. No error (E)
21. Members of the Alvin Ailey Dance Company have (A) once again shown how (B) the
combination of strength and being agile (C) can produce (D) beautiful movements. No
error (E)
22. Anne Tyler's novel The Accidental Tourist features (A) a character whose (B) obsession
with saving (C) time and money are (D) absurd, yet somehow plausible. No error (E)
23. At the conclusion of the novel The Great Gatsby, Nick Carraway, a young Midwesterner
recently arrived to (A) New York, moodily (B) watches (C) the blinking green light at the
tip of (D) Long Island. No error (E)
24. Despite (A) the efforts of the publicity subcommittee, hardly anyone (B) attended the
workshop that had been (C) planned so painstakingly (D). No error (E)
25. Peter's seemingly effortless (A) flights, achieved through (B) the use of sophisticated
technical equipment, continues (C) to delight those who (D) see the play Peter Pan. No
error (E)
26. Mediators were standing by, prepared to intervene in (A) the labor dispute even though (B)
both sides had refused (C) earlier offers for (D) assistance. No error (E)
27. According to some theorists, what (A) any (B) particular bird can eat could change with
even (C) the slightest (D) variation in the shape of its beak. No error (E)
28. Neither Ms. Perez nor (A) Ms. Tanaka believes (B) that watching as much television as her
(C) son Sam does will lead (D) to anything productive. No error (E)
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29. An amateur potter herself (A), the accountant offered to help (B) the artist with his business
accounts, complicated as they were (C) by (D) his unusual system of record keeping. No
error (E)
(1) Many critics consider modern film remakes of classical works disrespectful and a waste of
time and money. (2) A recent version of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet drew harsh reviews from
purists, they are people who expect filmmakers to follow the original text exactly. (3) The only
positive ones expressed relief that Shakespeare was not around to feel the insult. (4) Wouldn't he
be horrified to see his play open with a gang shoot-out at a gas station? (5) And Clueless, a
remake of Jane Austen's 1815 novel Emma. (6) Imagine equating flirtation in a Southern
California high school with dignified courtship in a nineteenth-century English country estate.
(7) I see nothing wrong with creative remakes. (8) After all, didn't Shakespeare borrow freely
from other writers' plots? (9) For example, his Romeo and Juliet is borrowed from a myth
popularized by the Roman poet Ovid. (10) And as for being insulted, Shakespeare would have
starved if he had written only about genteel topics. (11) No doubt he would recognize the
swaggering teenagers in the movie, they would be distant relatives of his own warring characters.
(12) Austen will see traces of her characters in the frivolous, money-conscious society of Clueless.
(13) The movie's main character is preoccupied with appearances, and it would make her feel
right at home in the England mocked by Austen.
(14) The themes of the great classics are timeless, so we should not let these works become
fossils.
30. Which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 2
(reproduced below)?
A recent version of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet drew harsh reviews from purists, they
are people who expect filmmakers to follow the original text exactly.
(A). (as it is now)
(B). purists; they were people who expected
(C). purists in expecting
(D). purists. These expected
(E). purists, those who expect
31. In context, which of the following is the best word to use instead of "ones" in sentence 3?
(A). scenes
(B). instances
(C). reviews
(D). remakes
(E). sections
32. In context, which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 5
(reproduced below)?
And Clueless, a remake of Jane Austen's 1815 novel Emma.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). Clueless is a
(C). Another supposed outrage is Clueless, a
(D). We can also take offense at Clueless, a
(E). Yet consider Clueless, which is a
33. An important strategy used in the first paragraph is to
(A). elaborate on a view that contrasts with the essay's argument
(B). use descriptive detail to animate a personal experience
(C). provide a thoughtful, objective analysis of modern criticism
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(D). introduce an unconventional approach to writing fiction
(E). reveal the sense of playfulness implicit in much film criticism
34. Which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 11
(reproduced below)?
No doubt he would recognize the swaggering teenagers in the movie, they would be distant
relatives of his own warring characters.
(A). (as it is now)
(B). movie, they are
(C). movie; they were
(D). movie for being
(E). movie as
35. In context, which of the following is the best way to revise the underlined portion of
sentence 12 (reproduced below)?
Austen will see traces of her characters in the frivolous, money-conscious society of
Clueless.
(A). Austen could have seen
(B). Austen, too, would see
(C). However, Austen might have seen
(D). In addition to this, Austen would see
(E). Likewise, Austen can see
1.
Mr. Lee and his grandchildren practiced traditional Chinese calligraphy together so that the
children would be knowing an art cherished by earlier generations of their family.
(A). would be knowing
(B). would know
(C). will know
(D). were known to
(E). will be knowing
2.
Isabel Allende, the author of The House of the Spirits, currently resides in California, but she
was raised in Chile, being born in Peru first.
(A). Isabel Allende, the author of The House of the Spirits, currently resides in California, but
she was raised in Chile, being born in Peru first.
(B). Being raised in Chile, after being born in Peru, Isabel Allende, now residing in California,
wrote The House of the Spirits.
(C). Born in Peru and raised in Chile, Isabel Allende, the author of The House of the Spirits,
now resides in California.
(D). Although now in California, Isabel Allende was born in Peru and raised in Chile, she is
the author of The House of the Spirits.
(E). Raised in Chile, and now she resides in California, Isabel Allende, a Peruvian, is the
author of The House of the Spirits.
3.
Although women in the Wyoming territory voted as early as 1869, suffrage for women
throughout the United States not being established until ratification of the Nineteenth
Amendment in 1920.
(A). suffrage for women throughout the United States not being established
(B). suffrage for women throughout the United States which had not been established
(C). suffrage for women throughout the United States was not established
(D). it did not establish suffrage for women throughout the United States
(E). throughout the United States, suffrage for women was not being established
4.
Bees must leave the safety of the hive to forage for food many times a day, they are risking
being eaten by any of a multitude of predators.
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(A). day, they are risking being eaten
(B). day at the risk of being eaten
(C). day risking them to be eaten
(D). day; the risk is to be eaten
(E). day; likewise, they risk being eaten
5.
It took the Museum of Modern Art in New York half a century of creative and persistent
effort and it acquired the outstanding Picasso collection.
(A). and it acquired the outstanding Picasso collection
(B). before their outstanding Picasso collection being acquired
(C). and finally they had an outstanding Picasso collection there
(D). but finally an outstanding Picasso collection was acquired at last
(E). to acquire its outstanding Picasso collection
6.
An artist who explores Mexican cultural themes, the art of Maria Elena is world renowned.
(A). An artist who explores Mexican cultural themes, the art of Maria Elena is world
renowned.
(B). To explore Mexican cultural themes, the work of artist Maria Elena is world- renowned
art.
(C). Artist Maria Elena has explored Mexican cultural themes, the art of which is world
renowned.
(D). An artist who has explored Mexican cultural themes, Maria Elena’s art is world
renowned.
(E). Maria Elena is a world- renowned artist whose art explores Mexican cultural themes.
7.
The prevailing attitude in seventeenth-century England was that schools and universities
should teach nothing that would discredit the established religion or the authority of kings
and magistrates.
(A). should teach nothing that would
(B). should teach nothing that will
(C). are to teach nothing that would
(D). should only teach that which will not
(E). shall teach nothing that will
8.
During a conference with Pravika’s parents, the teacher mentioned that Pravika had
demonstrated considerable ability in math and to learn foreign languages.
(A). considerable ability in math and to learn
(B). considerable ability in math and that she could do it well in
(C). ability that was considerable in math as well as in learning
(D). considerable ability in math and in
(E). considerable ability to learn math and in
9.
Through his novels Thomas Wolfe reveals to us both the pain and the beauty of his boyhood
in the American South.
(A). Through his novels Thomas Wolfe reveals to us both the pain and
(B). By means of Thomas Wolfe’s novels, which reveal to us both the pain and
(C). Not only the pain is revealed to us in Thomas Wolfe’s novels but he also describes
(D). Thomas Wolfe, through the medium of his novels, reveals to us both the pain with
(E). As a novelist, Thomas Wolfe thus revealing to us the pain and
10. Because many Szechuan recipes require for one to cook without there having to be
interruptions, it is a good idea to measure all ingredients in advance.
(A). Because many Szechuan recipes require for one to cook without there having to be
interruptions,
(B). Because many Szechuan recipes require that one cook without interruption,
(C). Being that many Szechuan recipes require you to cook and not be interrupted,
(D). Many Szechuan recipes require that one cook without interruption and
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(E). When following many Szechuan recipes it is advisable for one to cook without
interruptions and therefore
11. A mixture of jazz and classical idioms, the music of Gershwin was more innovative than
most of his contemporaries.
(A). than most of his contemporaries
(B). than most of his contemporaries were
(C). than were most of his contemporaries
(D). than that of most of his contemporaries
(E). than most of his contemporaries, as far as music is concerned
12. On October 13, 1955, at the Six Gallery in San Francisco, Allen Ginsberg read his poem
Howl, being the inauguration of both a new style in poetry and the Beat movement.
(A). Howl, being the inauguration of both
(B). Howl, both inaugurated
(C). Howl, it was the inauguration of both
(D). Howl, whose inauguration of both
(E). Howl, thus inaugurating both
13. Indicating their desire to extend free enterprise, Canadians elected a member of the
Progressive Conservative Party, Kim Campbell, as Prime Minister in 1993.
(A). Canadians elected a member of the Progressive Conservative Party, Kim Campbell, as
Prime Minister
(B). Canadians’ election of a member of the Progressive Conservative Party as Prime Minister
was Kim Campbell
(C). Kim Campbell of the Progressive Conservative Party was elected Prime Minister of
Canada
(D). the Progressive Conservative Party’s Kim Campbell was elected Prime Minister of
Canadians
(E). a member of the Progressive Conservative Party, Kim Campbell, was elected by
Canadians as Prime Minister
14. Researchers tend to praise studies that agree with their own conclusions, and it is rare for
kindness to be shown to contrary theories.
(A). conclusions, and it is rare for kindness to be shown
(B). conclusions, and kindness being rarely shown
(C). conclusions, and they rarely show kindness
(D). conclusions, they are rarely kind
(E). conclusions, although rarely showing kindness
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SET15. 2007. 5. (OG3)
1. Norman Rockwell was an illustrator and painter that was able to make a living at it.
(A). Norman Rockwell was an illustrator and painter that was able to make a living at it.
(B). Norman Rockwell was able to make a living as an illustrator and painter.
(C). An illustrator and painter, Norman Rockwell was able to make a living at it.
(D). Able to make a living from them, Norman Rockwell illustrated and painted.
(E). By illustrating and painting was how Norman Rockwell was able to make a living.
2. Because of repeatedly asking in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan, the employees
called in sick as a protest against their employer's stubbornness.
(A). Because of repeatedly asking in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan,
(B). After repeatedly asking in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan,
(C). They have repeatedly asked in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan, then
(D). Repeatedly asking in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan, finally
(E). While they repeatedly ask in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan,
3. In the tennis match Martina Hingis took advantage of Venus Williams' error and tied the
score; however, Williams fought back to take the lead again.
(A). score; however, Williams fought back to take the lead again
(B). score; Williams, though, fought back again took the lead
(C). score; however, Williams fighting back to take the lead again
(D). score, along with Williams fighting back to take the lead again
(E). score; in fact, Williams fought back to take the lead again
4. Nursing and physical therapy are an example of health-care fields that have shortages in
staffing.
(A). are an example of health-care fields that
(B). are examples of health-care fields that
(C). are examples where health-care fields
(D). exemplifies a health-care field that
(E). exemplify health-care fields where they
5. Alice Guy Blache, an early filmmaker, introduced close-ups and double exposures, also she
set cars on fire, used rats in special effects sequences, and ran film backward.
(A). exposures, also she set
(B). exposures, and also she sets
(C). exposures, she set
(D). exposures; she also set
(E). exposures by her setting
6. The company maintains computer systems for small businesses, plus it will manage their
payroll accounts.
(A). businesses, plus it will manage
(B). businesses, in addition it will manage
(C). businesses and manages
(D). businesses, and, additionally, they also manage
(E). businesses, it manages
7. Studying dance for many years, practicing difficult steps every day, and frequent
performances has enabled the young dancer to secure the leading role in the spring
production.
(A). frequent performances has enabled the young dancer
(B). frequent performances would have enabled the young dancer
(C). frequently performing, the young dancer being enabled
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(D). frequent performing, these enabled the young dancer
(E). performing frequently enabled the young dancer
8. Though now one of the most famous abstract artists, critics once ridiculed Jackson Pollock
for his technique of splattering paint on canvases.
(A). critics once ridiculed Jackson Pollock
(B). critics once were ridiculing Jackson Pollock
(C). Jackson Pollock once ridiculed by critics
(D). Jackson Pollock was once ridiculed by critics
(E). Jackson Pollock, having once been ridiculed by critics
9. Legendary nineteenth-century endurance rider Frank T. Hopkins, who rode an American
mustang to victory in a 3,000-mile race across the Arabian Desert, and the hero of the
Disney movie Hidalgo.
(A). and
(B). and who has become
(C). also has become
(D). is
(E). having been
10. To introduce itself to a wider audience, the little-known band sold its CD's cheaply to
enthusiastic fans, who in turn shared the music with friends.
(A). sold its CD's cheaply
(B). sold their CD's cheaply
(C). sells its CD's at a low price
(D). prices their CD's low for to sell
(E). will sell its CD's at a cheap price
11. Twice as many bird species inhabit Ecuador as in North America.
(A). as in
(B). as inhabit
(C). instead of in
(D). when compared to
(E). than
12. Of the hundreds of warm-water coral species, only a few (A) are highly prized (B) for use
in jewelry because of their (C) beauty, luster, and they are hard (D). No error (E)
13. Because of its innovativeness and its (A) effective presentation, Mary's science project
received (B) more judges' votes at the exhibit (C) than did Jim (D). No error (E)
14. Mr. Johnson's assumption that a teenager had robbed his house being unfounded (A), for (B)
the witnesses described the person they had seen (C) fleeing as a woman (D) in her 40s. No
error (E)
15. Waterways close to land poses (A) challenges to navigation that differ (B) greatly from (C)
those (D) posed by the open seas. No error (E)
16. During (A) my most recent (B) trip, I came across (C) a wonderful antique store wandering
(D) in the old quarter of the city. No error (E)
17. It is difficult to predict what kinds (A) of books will be (B) popular in the years ahead,
because tastes change and topics either get overexplored and (C) lose their (D) relevance.
No error (E)
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18. As (A) children mature, they develop an independence (B) that their parents, who have
been (C) responsible for them since they were born, often find difficult to accept (D). No
error (E)
19. Horse psychology, a science that investigates the reasons for (A) the behavior of horses,
help (B) trainers both motivate their charges (C) and prevent (D) problems. No error (E)
20. To an Iranian (A), only a salt desert truly merits the name "desert," for other types (B) of
deserts can be sown with dates, figs, and pistachios and it can be watered (C) by sprinklers
or by ancient (D) subterranean canals called qanats. No error (E)
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21. Ms. Kovak proudly displayed her research group's (A) most ingenious invention (B), a
vacuum cleaner that empties its own (C) dust bag when pressing a button (D). No error (E)
22. Famous for their (A) sticky feet, the gecko can (B) run up (C) walls and across ceilings as
well as hang (C) from a surface by its toes. No error (E)
23. Both her work on community service projects and her dedication to learning (A) has gained
(B) Ms. Stevens the respect of (C) the entire (D) faculty. No error (E)
24. After the uprising of October 10, 1911, that has led (A) to the establishment of (B) a
Chinese republic, many Chinese Americans decided to return to China in (C) hopes of a
bright future there (D). No error (E)
25. At the art show, Amy enjoyed looking at (A) her friend Mark's innovative paintings, which
she (B) thought were more original (C) than the other artists (D). No error (E)
26. Traffic was heavy, so by the time Brianne finally arrived at (A) the theater, we waited (B)
for her for an hour, missing (C) the entire (D) first act of the play. No error (E)
27. Although its reputation is not as good as (A) it once was (B), the university is still proud of
their (C) productive, intelligent graduates, many of whom have gone on to earn (D)
national recognition. No error (E)
28. Although (A) familiar to us from representations (B) in ancient art, war chariots are rare
museum artifacts because by (C) the sixth century B.C. they were no longer (D) used in
battle. No error (E)
29. A volunteer organization, the Covington Soup Kitchen has been feeding (A) needy families
since (B) 1977, annually distributing nearly (C) a million pounds of food each year (D). No
error (E)
(1) Seeds of Peace Camp in Otisfield, Maine, is unlike any other camp in the world. (2) Due to
the fact of bringing together teenagers from opposite sides of conflicts all over the globe. (3) At
Seeds of Peace the campers, who have been taught to hate the enemy, learn to see that the enemy
has a name and a face. (4) When they learn to get along on an individual basis, they start to
question calling someone "enemy."
(5) During each three-week session, young people who are enemies in their home countries eat
and play together, share bunkhouses, and cope with the homesickness they have in common. (6)
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Guided by specially trained counselors, the youngsters engage in daily, structured conversations
called "coexistence sessions." (7) These conversations are often emotional but therapeutic. (8)
The campers live side by side from the moment of their arrival.
(9) John Wallach, an award-winning journalist who covered conflicts in the Middle East for
two decades, founded Seeds of Peace in 1993. (10) He chose the campsite because it is a beautiful
natural setting far from the places of conflict. (11) Countries may select their campers but cannot
pay for the camp. (12) The camp remains unaffiliated with any nation, organization, or peace
group. (13) It is financed by private fund-raising efforts.
(14) According to Wallach, "If you begin to know your enemy, if you begin to understand your
enemy, it's inevitable that you will begin to feel some empathy." (15) He believed that peace has
to start among the young, being that the hatred of the adults in the campers' homelands is very
deeply ingrained.
30. In context, what is the best revision of sentence 2 (reproduced below)?
Due to the fact of bringing together teenagers from opposite sides of conflicts all over the
globe.
(A). Due to the camp's bringing together teenagers all over the globe from opposite sides of
conflicts.
(B). They brought together teenagers from opposite sides of conflicts from all over the globe.
(C). All over the globe, teenagers are brought together from opposite sides of conflicts by
Seeds of Peace Camp.
(D). Teenagers are brought together by it from opposite sides of conflicts all over the globe.
(E). It brings together teenagers from opposite sides of conflicts all over the globe.
31. Paragraph one would best be improved by the addition of
(A). a quotation about the beauty of the camp from a former camper
(B). examples of the native countries of the various campers
(C). the names of chief staff members of the camp
(D). a description of a typical day at camp
(E). a reference to other efforts to promote peace
32. Where is the best place for sentence 8?
(A). (Where it is now)
(B). After sentence 1
(C). At the end of the first paragraph (after sentence 4)
(D). At the beginning of the second paragraph (before sentence 5)
(E). After sentence 15
33. In context, which version of sentences 11 and 12 best combines them into a single
sentence?
(A). Countries may select their campers but cannot pay for the camp, which remains
unaffiliated with any nation, organization, or peace group.
(B). Unaffiliated with any nation, organization, or peace group, countries may select their
campers but cannot pay for the camp.
(C). Countries may select their campers, in addition, they cannot pay for the camp, which
remains unaffiliated with any nation, organization, or peace group.
(D). Countries cannot pay for the camp although they may select their campers, the camp
remains unaffiliated with any nation, organization, or peace group.
(E). It remains unaffiliated with any nation, organization, or peace group, and although
countries may select their campers, they cannot pay for the camp.
34. Which of the following revisions is most needed in sentence 15 (reproduced below)?
He believed that peace has to start among the young, being that the hatred of the adults in
the campers' homelands is very deeply ingrained.
(A). Insert "Furthermore" at the beginning.
(B). Add "people" after "young".
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(C). Change "being that" to "since".
(D). Change "adults" to "elders".
(E). Change "is" to "are".
35. Which of the following, if placed after sentence 15, would be the most effective concluding
sentence for the essay?
(A). Seeds of Peace is an outstanding example of Maine's many summer camps.
(B). There is a great need for international understanding and cooperation today.
(C). Only camps like Seeds of Peace make world peace a reality.
(D). An interesting fact is that prospective campers must undergo a competitive selection
process, including writing an essay.
(E). Thanks to Wallach's convictions, over 2,000 campers are now helping to sow the seeds of
peace around the world.
1. Wa Nu assured the worried members of her group that they would finish the project on
time.
(A). assured the worried members of her group that they would finish the project on time
(B). assured them of finishing the project on time, the members of her group were worried
(C). assured that the project would be finished on time to the worried members of her group
(D). assuring the worried members of her group that they would finish the project on time
(E). assures the worried members of her group, they would finish the project on time
2. Richard Rodriguez pointed out that Mission San Luis Rev, a Spanish church with an Arabic
dome getting its name to honor a French king.
(A). Mission San Luis Rey, a Spanish church with an Arabic dome getting its name to honor a
French king
(B). Mission San Luis Rey, a Spanish church with an Arabic dome, was named in honor of a
French king
(C). Mission San Luis Rey's being a Spanish church with an Arabic dome got named in honor
of a French king
(D). they named Mission San Luis Rey, a Spanish church in honor of a French king that had an
Arabic dome
(E). the name of Mission San Luis Rey having been a Spanish church with an Arabic dome
honoring a French king
3. Joan feeling tired and frustrated, and she was able to finish her painting before the light
faded.
(A). Joan feeling tired and frustrated, and
(B). Joan felt tired and frustrated,
(C). Although Joan felt tired and frustrated,
(D). Despite Joan felt tired and frustrated,
(E). Nevertheless, Joan felt tired and frustrated,
4. Men and women leave the village before sunrise to hike four miles up steep, precarious
trails to the forests, to be returning by late afternoon with 70-pound loads of firewood on
their backs.
(A). forests, to be returning by late afternoon
(B). forests, and it is late afternoon that they return
(C). forests, they return by late afternoon
(D). forests and return by late afternoon
(E). forests to have returned by late afternoon
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5. The Poetry Book Society is an organization in London that provides information and
guidance for all lovers of contemporary poetry and giving them discounts on books of
poetry.
(A). provides information and guidance for all lovers of contemporary poetry and giving them
discounts on books of poetry
(B). provides information, guidance, and the getting of discounts on books of poetry for all
lovers of contemporary poetry
(C). not only provides information and guidance for lovers of contemporary poetry but also
gives them discounts on books of poetry
(D). has been providing information and guidance for lovers of contemporary poetry and were
giving discounts on books of poetry
(E). are providing information and guidance for all lovers of contemporary poetry and having
given them discounts on books of poetry
6. During the American Civil War, American Red Cross founder Clara Barton ministered to
soldiers on the battlefields, at Antietam, so close was she to the actual fighting that a bullet
pierced her sleeve.
(A). battlefields, at Antietam, so close was she to the actual fighting
(B). battlefields, she was at Antietam so close to the actual fighting
(C). battlefields, being so close to the actual fighting at Antietam so
(D). battlefields; at Antietam, she was so close to the actual fighting
(E). battlefields; she was at Antietam so close to the actual fighting so
7. Because their flight was missed, the bride's parents ran frantically to another part of the
airport to catch another plane that might still arrive in time for the wedding.
(A). Because their flight was missed, the bride's parents ran
(B). Because the bride's parents missed their flight, they had to run
(C). The bride's parents had missed their flight, thus, finally, running
(D). The bride's parents had missed their flight, then they ran
(E). Their flight was missed, which eventually caused the bride's parents to run
8. Buffalo herds, which once thrived in the Great Plains of North America, trampled
vegetation, and future plant growth was aided by this by returning nutrients to the soil.
(A). and future plant growth was aided by this by returning nutrients
(B). future plant growth was thereby aided and nutrients returned
(C). thereby aiding future plant growth by returning nutrients
(D). thereby an aid to future plant growth returned nutrients
(E). but this aided future plant growth and nutrients were returned
9. The students criticized the administration for failing either to renovate the old dormitories
nor replace them with new buildings.
(A). nor replace
(B). nor replacing
(C). nor did they replace
(D). or by replacing
(E). or to replace
10. Because insufficient funding causes the failure of many new businesses is the reason why
Tamar and Robert waited to open their coffee shop until they had enough money.
(A). Because insufficient funding causes the failure of many new businesses is the reason why
(B). Because insufficient funding causes the failure of many new businesses,
(C). Insufficient funding causes the failure of many new businesses is the reason why
(D). As a result of insufficient funding causing the failure of many new businesses;
(E). The fact of insufficient funding is causing many new businesses to fail is why
11. Theodore Roosevelt was not just a great reformer; he was also a great president.
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(A). Theodore Roosevelt was not just a great reformer; he was also a great president.
(B). Theodore Roosevelt was not just a great reformer, and also a great president.
(C). Theodore Roosevelt was not just a great reformer; but also a great president.
(D). Great not just as a reformer, but Theodore Roosevelt was also a great president.
(E). Not just as a reformer, Theodore Roosevelt was also a great president.
12. Jesse Jackson's Rainbow PUSH Coalition was established to encourage diverse populations
to become socially and politically active, was created in 1996 by the merging of two groups
Jackson had previously founded.
(A). Coalition was established
(B). Coalition is established
(C). Coalition, establishing
(D). Coalition, which being established
(E). Coalition, established
13. In the novel, Jane Eyre must make many difficult choices, like when she forces herself to
leave the house of Mr. Rochester, the married man she loves.
(A). like when she forces
(B). and, as an example, when she forces
(C). for example, by forcing
(D). as exemplified by when she forces
(E). including forcing
14. Nicknamed the supergrain of the future, quinoa is a complete protein, one that contains all
the necessary amino acids and is high in fiber.
(A). protein, one that contains all the necessary amino acids and is
(B). protein, it contains all the necessary amino acids and is
(C). protein, and containing all the necessary amino acids in addition to being
(D). protein that contained all the necessary amino acids and also is
(E). protein; thus, containing all the necessary amino acids and being also
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SET16. 2007. 10.
1. The Women's Media Group recently launching an intern program in an effort to encourage
minority women to think about careers in publishing and electronic media.
(A). The Women's Media Group recently launching an intern program
(B). The Women's Media Group recently would launch an intern program
(C). Recently launching an intern program, the Women's Media Group
(D). The Women's Media Group recently launched an intern program
(E). An intern program recently launched by the Women's Media Group
2. Bears in Yosemite National Park have been known to break into cars for food, candy, or
even toothpaste, since such is the case, most campers heed posted warnings about the
animals.
(A). toothpaste, since such is the case, most campers heed posted warnings about the animals
(B). toothpaste, with most campers therefore heeding posted warnings about the animals
(C). toothpaste, most campers heed posted warnings about the animals as a result
(D). toothpaste; and most campers heed posted warnings about the animals because of that
(E). toothpaste; therefore, most campers heed posted warnings about the animals
3. The annual National Concrete Canoe Competition attracts teams of engineering students
having designed canoes that promote the versatility of concrete.
(A). having designed
(B). who have designed
(C). for designing
(D). to be designing
(E). and they designed
4. Anna Freud adapted classical psychoanalytic technique to the treatment of young children,
being Sigmund Freud's daughter.
(A). Anna Freud adapted classical psychoanalytic technique to the treatment of young children,
being Sigmund Freud's daughter.
(B). Anna Freud adapted classical psychoanalytic technique to the treatment of young children,
and she was Sigmund Freud's daughter.
(C). Anna Freud, who as Sigmund Freud's daughter adapted classical psychoanalytic technique
to the treatment of young children.
(D). Being Anna Freud, Sigmund Freud's daughter adapted classical psychoanalytic technique
to the treatment of young children.
(E). Anna Freud, Sigmund Freud's daughter, adapted classical psychoanalytic technique to the
treatment of young children.
5. Mindful of the growing popularity of backyard compost piles among home gardeners,
experts warn that adding meat, dairy products, or cooking grease to compost will attract
vermin.
(A). experts warn that adding meat, dairy products, or cooking grease to compost will
(B). adding meat, dairy products, or cooking grease to compost, this is what experts warn will
(C). and with warnings from experts that adding meat, dairy products, or cooking grease to
compost will
(D). warnings from experts concerning the addition of meat, dairy products, or cooking grease
to compost will
(E). experts warning that adding meat, dairy products, or cooking grease to compost would
6. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of an independent India, was a foe of colonialism,
an advocate of civil disobedience, and a master of political oratory.
(A). was a foe of colonialism, an advocate of civil disobedience, and a master of
(B). was a foe of colonialism, an advocate of civil disobedience, and mastering
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(C). was a foe of colonialism, advocated civil disobedience, and a master of
(D). was a foe of colonialism, an advocate of civil disobedience, and he mastered
(E). fought colonialism, was an advocate of civil disobedience, mastering
7. Strong wind, it having swept almost unchecked over great distances, is a prime component
of the grassland climate.
(A). it having swept almost unchecked over great distances,
(B). sweeping almost unchecked over great distances,
(C). being almost unchecked, will sweep over great distances, for it
(D). with almost unchecked sweeping over great distances,
(E). swept over great distances and almost unchecked,
8. Although she wrote 2,000 years ago, the Roman poet Sulpicia is still being read: her poems
are available in English translation in a number of anthologies.
(A). read: her poems are
(B). read, her poems are
(C). read; her poems being
(D). read: her poems are being
(E). read, yet her poems are
9. The apparently chaotic images in certain types of contemporary painting strike many
viewers as both confusing but delightfully original.
(A). but
(B). but also
(C). yet
(D). and as
(E). and
10. The director's insistence that there be adequate stage lighting and professionally installed
backdrops in the theater was not obstinate hut a determination to provide a safe work
environment for the actors and stage crew.
(A). was not obstinate but a determination
(B). was not obstinate but determined
(C). was not because of obstinacy, he was determined
(D). resulted not from obstinacy, but he was determined
(E). resulted not from obstinacy but from a determination
11. Researchers have found that large fish are most likely to contain high levels of mercury
than small fish.
(A). are most likely to contain high levels of mercury than small fish
(B). are more likely to contain high levels of mercury compared to small fish
(C). are more likely than small fish to contain high levels of mercury
(D). compared with small fish most likely contain high levels of mercury
(E). more likely contain higher levels of mercury than in small fish
12. While working (A) at Harvard Observatory classifying stars, Antonia Maury becoming (B)
one of the first astronomers to identify (C) a spectroscopic binary star with her (D)
discovery of Beta Aurigae in 1889. No error (E)
13. Before steamships started crossing the North Atlantic in the early nineteenth century, the
best way to travel (A) between (B) Europe and America has been (C) on sailing ships
called (D) “packets.” No error (E)
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14. The most successful (A) algebra teachers do not have their (B) students simply memorize
formulas and equations; they make sure that (C) their students also understand (D) the
underlying mathematical concepts. No error (E)
15. Of (A) three common approaches to writing music, composers generally seem (B) to find
(C) instrumental improvisation the more (D) congenial. No error (E)
16. Among (A) the most dangerous environmental threats that we face are (B)
"compu-garbage," the nonbiodegradable and often toxic (C) waste resulting from the
improper disposal of (D) obsolete personal computers. No error (E)
17. Slanting through (A) the trees, yesterday's late afternoon sun cast (B) more deeper (C)
shadows on (D) the bedroom wall. No error (E)
18. After (A) sampling the grapes, the six judges decided (B) that the homegrown produce
tasted better (C) than the import company (D). No error (E)
19. For most of (A) recent history, people have used energy wastefully, but now that (B)
supplies of essential fuels are becoming rapidly depleted (C), environmentalists are urging
people to change it (D). No error (E)
20. As (A) the guide led us through the exhibit of ancient Russian icons, she interspersed
explanations of the objects with stories about (B) her own first (C) encounters with Russian
art, giving you (D) a unique personal dimension to the tour. No error (E)
21. The region bounded by (A) the northwest corner of Greenland, the northern tip of Labrador,
and the Mackenzie Delta include (B) the islands collectively (C) known as (D) the
Canadian Arctic Archipelago. No error (E)
22. Because traffic was unusually heavy (A), Jim arrived ten minutes late for (B) his job
interview even though he had ran desperately (C) all the way from (D) the bus stop. No
error (E)
23. As (A) adults, male golden silk spiders live not (B) in webs of their own (C) making but
rather in webs made by (D) female spiders. No error (E)
24. Mr. Hanson proudly (A) demonstrated his company's (B) latest cell phone, a model that
flashes (C) the time in color-coded numerals when pressing a button (D). No error (E)
25. At a time when (A) interest in twentieth-century classical music seems (B) on the verge to
disappear (C), the avantgarde compositions of the 1960s and 1970s manage (D) to retain
their popularity. No error (E)
26. A powerful advocate to (A) equal rights, Belva Lockwood was (B) twice a candidate for
President long before the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution (C) allowed women
to (D) vote. No error (E)
27. Persistent use of antibacterial soaps in homes both kills (A) many innocuous (B) bacteria
and encourages (C) harmful ones to develop even more resistant (D) strains. No error (E)
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28. Annual visitors to (A) New York City's Central Park number (B) almost (C) ten times that
of Mount Rushmore (D). No error (E)
29. To insist that a poem means whatever one (A) wants it (B) to mean is often ignoring (C) the
intention and even (D) the words of the poet. No error (E)
(1) The decade after 1937 saw considerable growth in the African American press in the
United States. (2) Traditionally, African American newspapers had been distributed only through
the mail and at newsstands in a few large cities. (3) However, in 1938 LeRoy Brannic founded a
newspaper distributorship, the Great Eastern News Corporation, in New York City, with outlets in
cities throughout the country. (4) It was controlled and operated entirely by African Americans. (5)
Brannic's company put African American newspapers into wide circulation across the country. (6)
Though viewed as a modern means of mass communication, newspapers in fact date back to
ancient Rome.
(7) Increased circulation brought more income with which African American publishers could
improve production. (8) The Scott Syndicate in Atlanta, Georgia, was mass-producing 32
different newspapers by the mid-1940s. (9) Syndication offered the advantages of shared news,
features, and printing, each paper still maintaining contact with its local community through a
small staff employed there.
(10) Salaries rose, and while the older, self-made men retained ownership of the newspapers.
(11) College-educated reporters began to join newspaper staffs. (12) Coverage expanded. (13)
Some of the more successful papers could support their own foreign correspondents. (14)
Increased use of photography in the newspapers, made possible by the purchase of expensive
printing equipment, meant more work and better salaries for African American photographers.
30. In order to maintain a logical flow of ideas, which of the following sentences should be
omitted from the passage?
(A). Sentence 3
(B). Sentence 6
(C). Sentence 9
(D). Sentence 12
(E). Sentence 13
31. In context, which of the following is the best revision of the underlined portion of sentences
4 and 5 (reproduced below)?
It was controlled and operated entirely by African Americans. Brannic's company put
African American newspapers into wide circulation across the country.
(A). It was controlled and operated entirely by African Americans, and Brannic's company
(B). It was controlled and operated entirely by African Americans, though Brannic's company
(C). Being controlled and operated entirely by African Americans, it was Brannic's company
that
(D). Controlled and operated entirely by African Americans, Brannic's company
(E). Brannic's company, which was controlled and operated entirely by African Americans, has
32. In context, which of the following is best placed at the beginning of sentence 8 (reproduced
below)?
The Scott Syndicate in Atlanta, Georgia, was mass-producing 32 different newspapers by
the mid-1940s.
(A). Unexpectedly, then,
(B). For example, one company,
(C). Nevertheless,
(D). In short,
(E). On the other hand,
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33. In context, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 9 (reproduced
below)?
Syndication offered the advantages of shared news, features, and printing, each paper still
maintaining contact with its local community through a small staff employed there.
(A). printing, and their papers still maintained
(B). printing; instead, each paper still maintained
(C). printing, while allowing each paper to maintain
(D). printing, though each paper maintains
(E). printing; each paper will still maintain
34. In context, what is the best way to deal with sentence 10 (reproduced below)?
Salaries rose, and while the older, self-made men retained ownership of the newspapers.
(A). Insert the word "had" immediately before "retained".
(B). Connect it to sentence 11 with a comma, changing "newspapers. College-educated" to
"newspapers, college-educated".
(C). Switch it with sentence 11.
(D). Place it immediately before sentence 7.
(E). Change "while" to "yet".
35. In context, which is the best place to put the following sentence?
Syndication also created financial prosperity and new career opportunities for African
Americans.
(A). Immediately before sentence 2
(B). Immediately before sentence 5
(C). Immediately before sentence 7
(D). Immediately before sentence 8
(E). Immediately before sentence 10
1. Born in Colombia in 1928, the Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded in 1982 to Gabriel
Garcfa Marquez for his many novels.
(A).the Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded in 1982 to Gabriel Garcfa Marquez for his
many novels
(B). the Nobel Prize in Literature, awarded to Gabriel Garcfa Marquez in 1982 for his many
novels
(C). Gabriel Garcfa Marquez's many novels were why he was awarded the Nobel Prize in
Literature in 1982
(D).his many novels brought Gabriel Garcfa Marquez the award of the Nobel Prize in
Literature in 1982
(E). Gabriel Garcfa Marquez was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1982 for his many
novels
2. Transportation of a new crew to the international space station being funded partly by
scientists who were wanting work on the station to continue.
(A).being funded partly by scientists who were wanting work on the station to continue
(B). funded partly by scientists, they wanted the station's work to continue
(C). partly funded by scientists wanting the station continuing its work
(D).was funded partly by scientists who wanted work on the station to continue
(E). were funded by scientists in part wanting the station's work being continued
3. Alongside the trail on which we ride our bikes each morning run a crooked line of rugged
old oak trees.
(A). run a crooked line of rugged old oak trees
(B). runs a crooked line of rugged old oak trees
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(C). runs rugged old oak trees in a crooked line
(D). there runs rugged old oak trees in a crooked line
(E). there run a crooked line of rugged old oak trees
4. Blinding rain and sudden dazzling flashes of lightning was obstructing our progress as we
hurried back to our cars.
(A). was obstructing
(B). were obstructing
(C). obstructing
(D). they obstructed
(E). obstructing us in
5. Because of pleading in vain for improved maintenance services, the tenants refused to pay
rent until the landlord agreed to make the much-needed repairs.
(A). Because of pleading in vain for improved maintenance services, the tenants refused
(B). Having pleaded in vain for improved maintenance services, the tenants refused
(C). The tenants pleaded in vain for improved maintenance services, thus, finally, refusing
(D). The tenants pleaded in vain for maintenance services to improve, then refusing
(E). Pleading for maintenance services to improve was in vain, which eventually caused the
tenants to refuse
6. As rare as diamonds, some species of coral growing as deep as 2,000 feet beneath the sea
and are highly prized in the Hawaiian jewelry trade.
(A). growing as deep as
(B). that grow deeply up to
(C). grow as deep as
(D). has grown to the depth of
(E). grown as deeply as
7. The graduate studies office does its best with notification to students of missing documents
required for graduation; however, it being their responsibility to file all the necessary
paperwork.
(A).with notification to students of missing documents required for graduation; however, it
being their' responsibility
(B). to notify students about required documents for graduation that are missing, then it is their
responsibility
(C). to notify students of missing documents required for graduation; however, it is the
student's responsibility
(D). when notifying students of missing required documents for graduation, and it is their
responsibility
(E). about notifying students of their missing documents required for graduation, as they are
responsible
8. Located in present-day Jordan, the ancient city of Petra growing wealthy over 2,000 years
ago through the success of the spice trade.
(A).ancient city of Petra growing wealthy
(B). ancient city of Petra has grown wealthy
(C). ancient city of Petra grew wealthy
(D).wealth of the ancient city of Petra growing
(E). wealth of the ancient city of Petra grew
9. Tell me where you have been and an account of your activities there.
(A). an account of
(B). your accounting of
(C). what you account of
(D). what account you had made of
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(E). give me an account of
10. Reading stories aloud to young students is an effective way to help them learn new words,
also it can spark their interest in studying literature.
(A). words, also it can spark their interest in studying
(B). words, and it can spark their interest in studying
(C). words that can also spark in them the interest to study
(D). words, as well as it could spark their interest in the study of
(E). words, which it also could spark their interest in studying
11. Recent studies indicate that eating chocolate and other sweets neither cause or aggravate
acne.
(A). neither cause or aggravate
(B). neither cause nor aggravate
(C). neither causes nor aggravates
(D). do not cause or aggravate
(E). does not cause nor aggravates
12. Those enrolled in the leadership training courses have evolved into dynamic, confident
managers, from an inexperienced and uncertain newcomer just a month ago.
(A). from an inexperienced and uncertain newcomer
(B). from the inexperienced and uncertain newcomers they were
(C). from being inexperienced and uncertain newcomers
(D). instead of the inexperienced and uncertain newcomers of
(E). after being an inexperienced and uncertain newcomer
13. Uncertain how to proceed with the scene, the actors stopped, awaiting for further
instructions from the director.
(A). Uncertain how to proceed with the scene, the actors stopped, awaiting for
(B). The actors, uncertain how to proceed with the scene, they stopped to await
(C). Because they were uncertain how to proceed with the scene, the actors stopped and
awaited
(D). Uncertainty about how to proceed with the scene stopped the actors to await
(E). In their uncertainty about how to proceed with the scene, the actors stopped and await for
14. The first emperor of Rome was Augustus, and many people think that it was Julius Caesar.
(A). and many people think that it was
(B). many people thinking
(C). not, as many people think,
(D). not what many people are thinking,
(E). but many people think it to be
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SET17. 2008. 1.
1. Teddy bears comforted and amused children throughout the twentieth century, and it will be
cherished to those born in the future as well.
(A). it will be cherished to
(B). they are still cherished to
(C). it is still cherished by
(D). being still cherished by
(E). they will be cherished by
2. The film was full of suspense, this made Riya keep her hands gripped tightly to her seat.
(A). The film was full of suspense, this made Riya keep her
(B). The film, which was full of suspense, keeping Riya's
(C). The suspenseful film made Riya keep her
(D). Because of how suspenseful the film was, this is what kept Riya's
(E). Being full of suspense, Riya found that the film made her keep her
3. In his old age, the painter James McNeill Whistler walked to the beach almost every day,
and he was carrying a small easel and his paints in order to paint the sky, the water, and the
shore.
(A). and he was carrying
(B). when he carries
(C). where he carried
(D). carrying
(E). to carry
4. The ideas for songs, games, and skits that fill the Cub Scout Leader's Guide is invaluable
for scout leaders when they try to find creative activities for the children.
(A). is invaluable for scout leaders when they try to find creative activities
(B). are invaluable for scout leaders trying to find creative activities
(C). are those with the invaluable creative activities scout leaders try to find
(D). for scout leaders trying to find creative activities, is invaluable
(E). and which is invaluable for scout leaders who try to find creative activities
5. In researching.an individual's life, the biographer must sift through facts, opinions, untruths,
and different accounts of the same events.
(A). different accounts of the same events
(B). different people telling different accounts of the same events
(C). events told in different ways by different people
(D). accounts about events that are different
(E). people that tell different accounts of events
6. Although talking while gesturing with one's hands was once considered undesirable,
researchers have now, found that to use gestures when you converse makes it easier for
many people to think and speak.
(A). to use gestures when you converse makes it easier for many people to think and speak
(B). to make thinking and speaking easier for many people during conversations you should
use gesturing
(C). for the ease of many people during conversations one should gesture to think and speak
(D). using gestures during conversation makes thinking and speaking easier for many people
(E). thinking, as well as to speak, are easier for many people when gesturing while conversing
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7. There is increasingly widespread reliance on electronic mail, some people still resist using
it, especially those who prefer handwritten letters.
(A). There is
(B). There are
(C). Because there are
(D). Although there is
(E). In that there is
8. The ancient Egyptians had a varied diet and ate no refined sugar, they did not suffer from
the tooth decay associated with the consumption of processed sugar.
(A). The ancient Egyptians had a varied diet and ate no refined sugar, they
(B). The ancient Egyptians, who had a varied diet and did not eat refined sugar, and
(C). With a varied diet and them not eating refined sugar, the ancient Egyptians
(D). What with a varied diet and being free of refined sugar, the ancient Egyptians
(E). Because the ancient Egyptians had a varied diet that was free of refined sugar, they
9. When visiting a rain forest, the preservation of the environment should be the tourist's
concern.
(A). the preservation of the environment should be the tourist's concern
(B). the environment and its preservation should be the tourist's concern
(C). the preservation of the environment should be what concerns tourists
(D). the tourist should be concerned with the preservation of the environment
(E). the tourist, regarding the preservation of the environment, should be concerned
10. Government regulations aimed at encouraging fuel economy requires automakers to
produce one fuel-efficient vehicle for every inefficient one.
(A). requires automakers to produce
(B). require automakers to produce
(C). require automakers producing
(D). that requires automakers to produce
(E). are requiring automakers producing
11. A severe northeastern storm struck Boston on New Year's Day, 1900, slowing down the
loading of ships in the harbor, the city was caught off guard because of the Weather Bureau
being closed for the holidays.
(A). harbor, the city was caught off guard because of the Weather Bureau being closed for the
holidays
(B). harbor, because the Weather Bureau was closed for the holidays, the city was caught off
guard
(C). harbor; catching the city off guard because the Weather Bureau was closed for the
holidays
(D). harbor; the city was caught off guard because the Weather Bureau was closed for the
holidays
(E). harbor and catching the city off guard, which was caused by the Weather Bureau being
closed for the holidays
12. Many years after Ernest Just received the NAACP's Spingarn medal for (A) his
groundbreaking (B) discoveries in cell biology, the nation issuing (C) a postage stamp to
honor him (D). No error (E)
13. Many jazz enthusiasts would have to admit (A) that their having (B) unjustly overlooked (C)
the music of Bennie Nawahi, who popularized (D) the Hawaiian steel guitar sound in the
early 1930's. No error (E)
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14. Joseph Pulitzer, a Hungarian-born immigrant (A) to the United States and an innovator in
the field (B) of popular journalism, who established (C) the Pulitzer Prizes in (D)
journalism and literature. No error (E)
15. Ethel Payne, the tough investigative reporter which (A) is well known for her coverage of
(B) the Civil Rights movement, first received (C) critical acclaim for a diary she kept while
living in (D) Japan after the Second World War. No error (E)
16. By incorporating (A) Pueblo figures into her strongly geometric (B) and abstract work is
why (C) Pueblo artist Helen Hardin has had a significant impact on (D) contemporary
Native American art. No error (E)
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17. There are (A) a short but (B) substantive list of major innovations in American education
that resulted from (C) the efforts of (D) mathematician Winifred Merrill. No error (E)
18. The bus would not have had to take (A) the long detour instead of (B) the main highway if
the bridge did not become (C) treacherous in the aftermath of (D) an ice storm. No error
(E)
19. Although one of the most frequently (A) taught of William Faulkner's works, Light in
August remains (B) one of the least (C) understood, one of the hardest to bring into either
(D) intellectual or aesthetic focus. No error (E)
20. By using electromagnetic sensors to record (A) the frequency of lightning strikes
throughout (B) the United States, meteorologists have determined that (C) it occurs (D) at
the rate of 2,000 per hour. No error (E)
21. Despite research on the diagnosis of (A) heart disease and the use of increasingly (B)
sophisticated technology in its treatment (C), the condition of coronary arteries is (D) still
difficult to assess precisely. No error (E)
22. The African violet is among (A) the most popular houseplants because their (B) flowers
bloom throughout the year and come (C) in a wide array of (D) colors. No error (E)
23. No one but (A) a fool would readily (B) lend money to a person who is known (C) to be (D)
a frequent gambler. No error (E)
24. The plans proposed by the students for the homecoming celebrations are perfectly (A) clear
and it is (B) well within our budget; however (C), the plans are not likely to be approved
(D) by the administration. No error (E)
25. It was obvious that all of the candidates had planned carefully (A) for the televised debate,
for each (B) answer to (C) the opening question showed evidence of having been (D)
rehearsed. No error (E)
26. For (A) any mayor of a vast metropolitan area, an understanding of (B) current issues in all
districts is (C) not only desirous (D) but also vital. No error (E)
27. Because of (A) the exceptionally (B) hilly terrain, the final miles of the racecourse were
difficult (C) for the other runners and me (D). No error (E)
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28. The seven-month-old baby was considered precocious to her family (A) because she was
already able (B) to grasp tiny items delicately (C) between her thumb (D) and forefinger.
No error (E)
29. To those of us (A) who had heard (B) the principal of the high school talk about (C) the
budget, the news of the staff cuts was not (D) surprising. No error (E)
(1) Many people believe that failure can be the source of success. (2) Although it may sound
ludicrous to some, there is much truth to it, as those who have experienced such failures can attest.
(3) To fail, one must first make an attempt. (4) In that attempt, experience expands, new ideas
blossom, and viewpoints change. (5) And yet, even if one does not always accomplish what he or
she sets out to do, one gains new knowledge from the attempt. (6) Taking medication, for
example. (7) Drugs have to be tested and proven effective before being approved and dispensed.
(8) Almost all drugs go through strict testing before approval and failing at least once. (9) Such
trial and error is behind nearly every new idea and method.
(10) The idea that success arises from failure is one of the basic truths behind the scientific
method. (11) When a scientist collects data and forms a hypothesis, he or she hopes that the
hypothesis is correct. (12) However, a result contradicting the educated guess can be just as
welcome. (13) Even disappointing results can increase scientific knowledge. (14) A scientist who
finds that a hypothesis is false can then try to develop a new one based on the information
obtained.
30. In context, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 2 (reproduced
below)?
Although it may sound ludicrous to some, there is much truth to it, as those who have
experienced such failures can attest.
(A). (as it is now)
(B). to be told about it
(C). from the source
(D). to this sentiment
(E). to be perceived
31. Which of the following is the best version of sentence 3 (reproduced below)?
To fail, one must first make an attempt.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). To fail, you must first have been making an attempt.
(C). In failing one must make an attempt first.
(D). First, you must make an attempt to have failed.
(E). One must make an attempt first, to fail.
32. In context, which of the following is the best replacement for "And yet" in sentence 5?
(A). Nevertheless
(B). In other words
(C). However
(D). In contrast
(E). Supposedly
33. In context, which of the following is the best way to revise the underlined portion of
sentences 6 and 7 (reproduced below) in order to combine the sentences?
Taking medication, for example. Drugs have to be tested and proven effective before being
approved and dispensed.
(A). Taking medication, one sees that drugs
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(B). One example is medication: drugs
(C). Take as an example medication, for instance, drugs
(D). We see medication as one example; it shows us that drugs
(E). Regarding medication, drugs
34. Which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 8
(reproduced below)?
Almost all drugs go through strict testing before approval and failing at least once.
(A). (as it is now)
(B). approval, failing
(C). approval; failure occurring
(D). approval; they failed
(E). approval but they have failed
35. Which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 14
(reproduced below)?
A scientist who finds that a hypothesis is false can then try to develop a new one based on
the information obtained.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). A scientist, finding a hypothesis is false, can have tried to develop
(C). Finding a hypothesis as false, a scientist would try to develop
(D). A false hypothesis can have a scientist now try to develop
(E). Hypotheses that are false can teach a scientist; they develop
1. As a place that is home to 131 species of fish, the Cahaba River is flowing for 190 miles
through the heart of Alabama.
(A). As a place that is home to 131 species of fish, the Cahaba River is flowing
(B). A place that is home to 131 species of fish, the flow of the Cahaba River
(C). Home, to 131 species of fish, the Cahaba River flows
(D). It is a home for 131 species of fish but also the Cahaba River flows
(E). Home to 131 species of fish, the Cahaba River, flowing
2. To trap and remove large alligators greatly affected the ecosystems of some southeast
swamplands.
(A). To trap and remove large alligators
(B). Large alligators, because of having been trapped and removed,
(C). Having trapped and removed large alligators,
(D). The trapping and removal of large alligators
(E). The large alligators, by being trapped and removed
3. Iceland, known for its colorful tales, which poetically depict the dangerous, complex lives of
the country’s earliest settlers.
(A). Iceland, known for its colorful tales, which
(B). Iceland is known for its colorful tales, they
(C). Iceland is known for its colorful tales, which
(D). Iceland, with its colorful tales that
(E). Iceland, its colorful tales are known to
4. The owner’s manual for the refrigerator explained how to connect the icemaker, replacing the
lightbulb, and positioning the shelves.
(A). replacing the lightbulb, and positioning the shelves
(B). both replacing the lightbulb as well as positioning the shelves
(C). with replacing the lightbulb and then positioning the shelves
(D). replace and position the lightbulb and the shelves
(E). replace the lightbulb, and position the shelves
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5. Saying nothing further, the table was cleared by the family in preparation for the evening
meal.
(A). Saying nothing further, the table was cleared by the family
(B). By saying nothing further, the family cleared the table
(C). Nothing further was said, and the family clears the table
(D). The family said nothing further, the table was cleared
(E). Saying nothing further, the family cleared the table
6. In his book on the Harlem Renaissance, Huggins makes clear his determination not only to
emulate his intellectual forebears and recognizing that their challenges were unique.
(A). and recognizing that
(B). while recognizing that
(C). but also to recognize that
(D). but also his recognition of how
(E). and also to recognize how
7. In the early eighteenth century, English poets and painters imagined the countryside filled
with shepherds enjoying a life of leisure and drawing on nature’s bounty for their sustenance.
(A). enjoying a life of leisure and drawing
(B). enjoying a life of leisure, and they draw
(C). who were enjoying a life of leisure, to draw
(D). who enjoyed a life of leisure, then they drew
(E). they enjoyed a life of leisure to drew
8. Smallest of the copperhead snakes, the broad-banded copperhead, if disturbed, vibrates its
tail rapidly, and they are also known to secrete a substance that smells like cucumbers.
(A). rapidly, and they are also known to secrete a
(B). rapidly, and it is known that they secrete a
(C). rapidly and is also known to secrete a
(D). rapidly also secreting their
(E). rapidly, in addition, it secretes its
9. The reason Bapsi Sidhwa’s novels make use of humor in addressing painful topics is that
humor can both expose wrongs and defuse anger and resentment.
(A). that humor can both expose wrongs and defuse
(B). it both exposed wrongs and it could defuse
(C). because humor expose wrongs and defuse
(D). because of it exposing wrongs and defusing
(E). that of exposing wrongs and defusing
10. Few poets combine passion with precise expression as well as Edna St. Vincent Millay’s
poetry.
(A). Edna St. Vincent Millay’s poetry
(B). Edna St. Vincent Millay
(C). the poetry of Edna St. Vincent Millay
(D). in the poems of Edna St. Vincent Millay
(E). Edna St. Vincent Millay would do
11. In winter, when the ponds froze over, the villagers went skating, and the most venturesome of
whom played chase and executed complicated turns on the ice.
(A). and the most venturesome of whom played chase and executed
(B). the most venturesome played chase and executed
(C). in that the most venturesome played chase and executed
(D). with the most venturesome playing chase and executing
(E). accordingly the most venturesome played chase and executed
12. According to journalist Howard Mansfield, a person feels a need to reconnect with and
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recover the past; therefore they preserve and endlessly recycle old objects.
(A). a person feels a need to reconnect with and recover the past; therefore
(B). since a person feels a need to reconnect with and recover the past,
(C). since a person needs to feel a reconnection with and recovery of the past, therefore
(D). a need to reconnection with and recover the past is a feeling for many people, and
therefore,
(E). many people feel a need to reconnect with and recover the past; therefore
13. The Andes mountain chain, which includes some of the Western Hemisphere’s highest peaks,
are much more formidable as barriers to transportation than the Rocky Mountains are.
(A). are much more formidable as barriers
(B). are barriers, and much more formidable
(C). is a much more formidable barrier
(D). as barriers, are much more formidable
(E). was quite formidable and a barrier
14. Because European filmmaking all but shut down during the First World War is the reason
why the film industry in the United States rose to prominence.
(A). Because European filmmaking all but shut down during the First World War is the
reason why
(B). Because European filmmaking all but shut down during the First World War,
(C). European filmmaking all but shut down during the First World War,
(D). With European filmmaking close to shutting down during the First World War, so
(E). The fact that European filmmaking nearly shut down during the First World War is why
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SET18. 2008. 5.
1.
In some countries much of the food that is produced never comes to market because it is
consumed locally or are exchanging for other goods.
(A). are exchanging
(B). exchange
(C). exchanged
(D). had exchanged
(E). were exchanging
2.
Every August, Cody and Ally vacation in Hiawatha National Forest, where they enjoy hiking,
fishing, and to camp with their friends.
(A). where they enjoy hiking, fishing, and to camp
(B). where they enjoy hiking, fishing, and camping
(C). where they enjoy to hike, fish, and camp
(D). which they enjoy to hike, fish, and camp at
(E). they enjoy hiking, fishing, and camping there
3.
Messenger ribonucleic acid, or mRNA, carries the chemical instructions that living cells need
to produce protein molecules.
(A). carries the chemical instructions that living cells need
(B). it carries the chemical instructions, and living cells need these
(C). the chemical instructions carried by it are needed by living cells
(D). carrying the chemical instructions that living cells need
(E). which carries the chemical instructions needed by living cells
4.
In the nineteenth century was when astronomers used the newly developed spectroscope to
gather information about the chemical composition and motions of celestial objects.
(A). century was when astronomers used the newly developed spectroscope to gather
(B). century was when the newly developed spectroscope was used by astronomers gathering
(C). century, when astronomers using the newly developed spectroscope gathered
(D). century astronomers used the newly developed spectroscope to gather
(E). century astronomers who used the newly developed spectroscope for gathering
5.
Advertised specials that are located in the front of the store tempt shoppers to stop, the best
buys are often found in less prominent spots.
(A). the best buys are often found in less prominent spots
(B). it is the best buys are often found where they are less prominent
(C). but the best buys are often found in less prominent spots
(D). and the best buys are often found less prominent
(E). in spite of this, the best buys are found to be less prominent
6.
Scientists have derived a glue from a natural adhesive made by rock-clinging mollusks, it
could provide an environmentally friendly alternative to current wood-binding materials.
(A). Scientists have derived a glue from a natural adhesive made by rock-clinging mollusks,
it could provide
(B). Scientists who have derived from a natural adhesive made by rock-clinging mollusks a
glue that could provide
(C). A glue that scientists have derived from a natural adhesive made by rock-clinging
mollusks could provide
(D). A glue, which scientists have derived from a natural adhesive made by rock-clinging
mollusks, possibly providing
(E). It is possible that a glue, which scientists derived from a natural adhesive made by
rock-clinging mollusks, providing
7.
With their unconventional topics and their unsparing treatment of the kinds of characters
often ignored by mainstream fiction, R. Crumb’s graphic novels are generally considered
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classics of the genre.
(A). R. Crumb’s graphic novels are generally considered
(B). R. Crumb’s has written graphic novels that are generally considered
(C). the graphic novels of R. Crumb generally considered
(D). people generally consider the graphic novels of R. Crumb
(E). people generally consider that R. Crumb’s graphic novels are
8.
9.
In Alaska, the ground is riddled with ice wedges, many quite ancient, caused by the cold
earth cracks and the cracks fill with water.
(A). by the cold earth cracks
(B). by the cold earth cracking
(C). when the cold earth cracks
(D). where they crack the cold earth
(E). through the cold earth cracking
To attempt a comprehensive mapping of the human genome is undertaking an extremely
ambitious project.
(A). genome is undertaking
(B). genome is to undertake
(C). genome undertakes
(D). genome, it undertakes
(E). genome, thus undertaking
10. There is a special relationship between a conductor and the members of an orchestra, when at
its best can be creative and at its worst, destabilizing.
(A). when at its best can be creative and at its worst, destabilizing
(B). when at their best can be creative and at their worst, destabilizing
(C). who at best is creative and at worst, destabilizing
(D). which at its best can be creative and at its worst, destabilizing
(E). while at their best is creative and at their worst is destabilizing
11. The director valued the actor not so much for his broad commercial appeal but because he
approached every role with passion and intelligence.
(A). but because he approached every role with passion and intelligence
(B). but because of his approaching every role with passion and intelligence
(C). but for being passionate and intelligent in approaching every role
(D). as for him approaching every role passionately and intelligently
(E). as for his passionate and intelligent approach to every role
12. After (A) trying his horse to the hitching post, the cowboy dusted off his boots and taken (B)
off his hat, causing (C) the horse to shake its mane and move around uneasily (D). No error
(E)
13. Having completed a course in art appreciation, Maureen and I (A) were (B) able to judge the
paintings in the Museum of Modern Art more critical (C) than we had before (D). No error
(E)
14. Because ecotours support conservation efforts and raise awareness (A) of ecological issues is
why (B) they have become (C) increasingly popular with (D) environmentally sensitive
travelers. No error (E)
15. The works of (A) the innovative and reclusive sculptor Marisol Escobar attracted
considerable attention during the early (B) 1960s, a time when (C) the public craved artistic
novelty and critics focus on (D) the personal lives of artists. No error (E)
16. The night before the playoffs began (A), the coach advised her players to eat a balanced
dinner, to relax and enjoy (B) themselves (C), and they should get (D) plenty of rest. No error
(E)
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17. If properly cared for (A), a hundred-year-old violin will produce (B) a more fuller sound (C)
than (D) it did when it was first made. No error (E)
18. The first Asian American to be elected (A) governor in the United States, George Ariyoshi of
Hawaii has served (B) longer than any (C) of his predecessors when he retired from (D)
office in 1986. No error (E)
19. Lost for many years (A) and presumed stolen (B), the portrait of the nineteenth-century
writer had been (C) stored inadvertent (D) in the museum basement. No error (E)
20. In the back of the textbook are (A) a list of words that can be easily learned (B) by those who
want to improve (C) their command (D) of English. No error (E)
21. In Gee’s Bend, Alabama, traditionally made (A) quilts are aired (B) outdoors on sunny spring
days, attracting local quilters who enjoy this (C) display of one another’s creations (D). No
error (E)
22. After All in the Family made their (A) television debut, other (B) situation comedies began to
explore (C) a variety of (D) social issues. No error (E)
23. When (A) recipes for iced tea appeared in (B) a few (C) late-nineteenth-century cookbooks,
the drink did not become popular (D) until the 1904 World’s Fair. No error (E)
24. At the highest level (A) of competitive chess, players are so familiar to (B) one another’s
strategies that they can practically (C) read their opponents’ minds; the result is drearily
predictable (D) play. No error (E)
25. In addition to having (A) a theoretical understanding of disease, medical students must have
experience in treating (B) patients if he or she is (C) to learn to (D) diagnose illnesses
accurately. No error (E)
26. Most of the books around (A) this old house smell of mildew, and if you pick one up, you
will find that the spine has deteriorated (C) and their covers have (D) rotted. No error (E)
27. Someone who uses a personal computer to perform (A) only such tasks as (B) word
processing and sending e-mail need not (C) buy the most advanced (D) model available on
the market. No error (E)
28. Despite (A) the fact that cooking vegetables generally leads (B) to vitamin loss, the
nutritional value of raw tomatoes is (C) actually less than tomatoes (D) that have been
thoroughly cooked. No error (E)
29. Quincy took Dan to Derek’s home for a visit (A), never imagining (B) that five years would
pass (C) before seeing (D) Derek again. No error (E)
(1) Today many people take for granted that they can communicate easily, almost
instantaneously, with nearly anyone anywhere in the world. (2) For most of human history,
however, long-distance communication was slow and laborious. (3) It was only with the advent of
the steamship and the telegraph in the mid-nineteenth century that the pace of global
communication began to quicken dramatically. (4) Advances in communication and travel have
continued to make the world a much smaller place.
(5) The invention of the steamship expedited travel tremendously. (6) In the 1770s it took
from five to eight months to sail from England to India. (7) A European writing a letter to
someone in India usually had to wait two years for a response. (8) By 1870 the voyage to India by
steamship had been shortened to three weeks, and correspondents could expect answers to their
letters in less than two months—a long time by modern standards, but shorter than anyone would
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have dreamed a century earlier.
(9) Beginning in the 1840s, telegraph wires were strung throughout the eastern United States
and western Europe. (10) In the 1860s, cables laid across the ocean floor allowed them to transmit
encoded messages between continents. (11) In June of 1870 the chairman of the Eastern Telegraph
Company was able to send a telegram from London to Bombay—and receive an answer in just 4
minutes and 22 seconds. (12) Today you can send an e-mail even faster—in seconds, in fact. (13)
Deeply impressed with this demonstration, one contemporary remarked that the inventions of the
telegraph and steamship marked the beginning of “the annihilation of time and space.”
30. In context, which of the following phrases would most appropriately be inserted at the
beginning of sentence 4?
(A). For instance,
(B). Since that time,
(C). Nonetheless,
(D). After all,
(E). Incidentally,
31. In context, which of the following is the best way to revise the underlined portion of
sentences 6 and 7 (reproduced below)?
In the 1770s it took from five to eight months to sail from England to India. A European
writing a letter to someone in India usually had to wait two years for a response.
(A). Consequently, in the 1770s it took from five to eight months to sail from England to
India, and a
(B). Transportation is another example: in the 1770s it took from five to eight months to sail
from England to India, so that a
(C). In the 1770s, when it took from five to eight months to sail from England to India, a
(D). As early as the 1770s, sailing from England to India took five to eight months, whereas
a
(E). By the 1770s, however, sailing from England to India took five to eight months, while a
32. The transition between the second and third paragraphs would be most improved by inserting
which of the following sentences immediately before sentence 9 at the beginning of
paragraph 3?
(A). The telegraph had an even more profound impact on global communications.
(B). The widespread use of the telegraph was made possible by the invention of the electric
battery around 1800.
(C). On land the steam locomotive made travel much more efficient in the latter part of the
nineteenth century.
(D). Before the invention of the telegraph, people traveled on horseback to transmit messages
across great distances of land.
(E). Samuel Morse had studied painting in England and become a successful artist before he
developed the world’s first practical telegraph.
33. In context, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 10 (reproduced
below)?
In the 1860s, cables laid across the ocean floor allowed them to transmit encoded messages
between continents.
(A). (as it is now)
(B). them to encode messages for transmission
(C). for these encoded messages to be transmitted
(D). encoded messages to be transmitted
(E). such messages to be encoded and transmitted
34. In context, which of the following phrases is best to insert at the beginning of sentence 11
(reproduced below)?
In June of 1870 the chairman of the Eastern Telegraph Company was able to send a telegram
from London to Bombay—and receive an answer in just 4 minutes and 22 seconds.
(A). Still, these elaborate preparations do not fully explain how
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(B).
(C).
(D).
(E).
So efficient was this new mode of communication that
It came as no surprise when
Unlike in previous cases,
Despite so many setbacks,
35. In context, which is the best way to deal with sentence 12 (reproduced below)?
Today you can send an e-mail even faster—in seconds, in fact.
(A). Change “Today” to “In modern times”.
(B). Change “you” to “everyone”.
(C). Change the dash (—) to a comma (,).
(D). Place it after sentence 1.
(E). Delete it from the passage.
1.
Besides publishing ten poetry collections for adults, Gary Soto, who is writing numerous
collections of short stories and novels for children.
(A). Soto, who is writing
(B). Soto, the writer of
(C). Soto writing
(D). Soto has written
(E). Soto, in addition to writing
2.
The oldest dated jigsaw puzzle, which was engraved in 1767, is a band-colored map of the
countries in England and Wales.
(A). which was engraved
(B). when it was engraved
(C). having engraved it
(D). being engraved
(E). since having been engraved
3.
If you have done the necessary research, you will feel confident as to your statements if
challenged.
(A). as to your statements if challenged
(B). if someone challenges your statements
(C). if challenged regarding statements made by you
(D). if there are challenges with your statements
(E). about your statements where someone challenges them
4.
A squadron of newly trained, enthusiastic firefighters graduating each year from training
academies to begin work in the nation’s cities.
(A). A squadron of newly trained, enthusiastic firefighters graduating each year from training
academies
(B). A squadron of newly trained, enthusiastic firefighters from training academies, each
year they graduate
(C). When each year a squadron of newly trained, enthusiastic firefighters graduates from
training academies
(D). Each year a squadron of newly trained, enthusiastic firefighters graduates from training
academies
(E). A newly trained, enthusiastic squadron of firefighters who graduates from training
academies each year
5.
Earth’s days are slowly getting longer because the tidal effects of the Moon’s gravitational
pull are constantly slowing Earth’s rotation.
(A). the Moon’s gravitational pull are constantly slowing Earth’s rotation
(B). the Moon’s gravitational pull constantly slow it, Earth’s rotation
(C). the gravitational pull by the Moon on Earth’s rotating slow it constantly
(D). the gravitational pulling by the Moon on Earth’s rotation has been constantly slowing it
(E). the gravitational pull put forth by the Moon on Earth’s rotation is slow and constant
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6.
Once almost entirely devoted to pineapple production, tourists, who enjoy its mountain trails
and nature preserves, are now attracted to the island of Lanai.
(A). tourists, who enjoy its mountain trails and nature preserves, are now attracted to the
island of Lanai
(B). mountain trails and nature preserves are enjoyed by tourists now attracted with the
island of Lanai
(C). mountain trails and nature preserves are enjoyed by tourists, who are now attracted to
the island of Lanai
(D). it now attracts tourists, who enjoy the mountain trails and nature preserves on the island
of Lanai
(E). the island of Lanai now attracts tourists, who enjoy its mountain trails and nature
preserves
7.
He was convinced that if property taxes would have rose any higher, he would have had to
move to a different area.
(A). if property taxes would have rose
(B). if property taxes would rise
(C). if property taxes had risen
(D). had property taxes rose
(E). were property taxes to rise
8.
With the Louisiana Purchase, the United States acquired a larger territory in area than if you
combined Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Spain, and Portugal.
(A). larger territory in area than if you combined Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Spain, and
Portugal
(B). larger territory in area than combining Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Spain, and
Portugal
(C). territory larger in area than if Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Spain, and Portugal were
combined
(D). territory larger in area than Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Spain, and Portugal
combined
(E). territory larger than if the area of Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Spain, and Portugal
combined
9.
Because consumers prefer to do their food shopping close to home, supermarket chains are
now considering the revival of the small “comer” grocery store to serve individual
neighborhoods and communities.
(A). Because consumers prefer to do their food shopping
(B). Due to consumers which prefer food shopping
(C). While consumers prefer shopping for their food
(D). The preference of the consumer for food shopping
(E). The reason that consumers prefer to go food shopping
10. Scandinavian people have been sailing the seas throughout recorded history, their having
crisscrossed half the world by the end of the Middle Ages.
(A). Scandinavian people have been sailing the seas throughout recorded history, their having
crisscrossed half the world by the end of the Middle Ages.
(B). Scandinavian people, who have been sailing the seas throughout recorded history, had
crisscrossed half the world by the end of the Middle Ages.
(C). Scandinavian people have been sailing the seas throughout recorded history, they
crisscrossed half the world by the end of the Middle Ages.
(D). By the end of the Middle Ages, crisscrossing half the world, the Scandinavian people
sailed the seas throughout recorded history.
(E). Scandinavian people have been sailing the seas throughout recorded history, half the
world crisscrossed by the end of the Middle Ages.
11. Equipment in both factories have now been upgraded, from which we can assume there will
be no further disruptions of our production schedule.
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(A).
(B).
(C).
(D).
(E).
have now been upgraded, from which we can assume
have now been upgraded, and we can assume
has now been upgraded, we can assume
has now been upgraded, so we can assume that
having now been upgraded to where we can assume that
12. Playwright Arthur Miller was once assailed for his bleak portrayal of American cultural life,
his plays now being regarded by most critics as vital and ultimately affirming masterpieces of
American literature.
(A). his plays now being
(B). his plays are now
(C). his plays now
(D). but his plays are now
(E). but with his plays now being
13. The feelings attached to the word “king” varies widely with the history and political
traditions of the people who use it.
(A). varies widely with
(B). varies widely in
(C). vary widely with
(D). vary widely as
(E). vary widely to
14. After listening to the concerto’s first movement, which sounded like a medley of every bad
tune I had ever heard, the second movement surprised me with its beauty and originality.
(A). the second movement surprised me with its beauty and originality
(B). the second movement was surprisingly beautiful and original
(C). I was surprised by the beauty and originality of the second movement
(D). to my surprise, the second movement had beauty and originality
(E). the beauty and originality of the second movement surprised me
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SET19. 2008. 10.
1.
Controversy over books and films used in schools has caused school boards to consider
should they get involved in selection procedures for such materials.
(A). should they get involved
(B). should their involvement be
(C). whether they should get involved
(D). whether it gets involved
(E). if it involves itself
2.
Meredith would like to attend, but the training course is not able to be afforded by her.
(A). Meredith would like to attend, but the training course is not able to be afforded by her.
(B). Meredith would like to attend the training course, but she cannot afford it.
(C). Meredith would like to attend the training course, but it is not affordable to her.
(D). What Meredith would like to do is to attend the training course, but it is not affordable
to her.
(E). If it were to be affordable, Meredith would like to attend the training course.
3.
Chad wore his hat just as his favorite old movie stars did when perched on the back of his
head.
(A). Chad wore his hat just as his favorite old movie stars did when perched on the back of
his head.
(B). Chad wore his hat perched on the back of his head, just as his favorite old movie stars
did.
(C). Chad’s favorite old movie stars wore their hat perched on the back of their heads, Chad
did too.
(D). Perched on the back of his head, Chad wore his hat just as his favorite old movie stars
did.
(E). Just as his favorite old movie stars did, perching their hats on the backs of their head, as
did Chad.
4.
Established by African Americans during the Reconstruction period, the town of Nicodemus,
Kansas, is now a national historic site, which is where visitors can learn about the role of
African Americans in westward expansion.
(A). site, which is where visitors
(B). site, visitors there
(C). site to which visitors
(D). site which visitors there
(E). site where visitors
5.
If there had been a power failure, the hospital will run on electricity from its own generators,
which can operate for 200 hours.
(A). If there had been
(B). If there were
(C). Had there been
(D). Should there be
(E). There has been
6.
Reactions to the Grand Canyon ranges from astonishment at its size to solemn appreciation of
its natural beauty.
(A). ranges from
(B). ranges between
(C). ranging from
(D). that range between
(E). range from
7.
Let Us Now Praise Famous Men revolutionized the art of documentary photography, it
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depicts the American South during the Great Depression.
(A). Men revolutionized the art of documentary photography, it depicts the American South
during the Great Depression
(B). Men, depicting the American South during the Great Depression, it revolutionized the
art of documentary photography
(C). Men, which revolutionized the art of documentary photography, depicting the American
South during the Great Depression
(D). Men revolutionized the art of documentary photography with its depiction of the
American South during the Great Depression
(E). Men, which depicts the American South during the Great Depression, revolutionizing
the art of documentary photography
8.
A soft lullaby and the drumroll of thunder during a summer storm are but two of the diverse
sounds that can be perceived by the human ear.
(A). that can be perceived by the human ear
(B). that is perceived by the human ear
(C). that the human ear, it can perceive
(D). in which the human ear can perceive
(E). that they can perceive with the human ear
9.
Concerned about possible damage to the atmosphere’s ozone layer, laws in many countries
now prohibit the use of fluorocarbons as propellants in aerosol cans.
(A). Concerned about possible damage to
(B). Concerned about possible damaging
(C). There is concern about possible damage to
(D). Because of concern about possible damage to
(E). People are concerned about possible damage to
10. One scholar suggests that the Neanderthals inhabiting Europe during the last ice age would
have faced challenges no tougher than the Inuit people living in the Arctic today.
(A). challenges no tougher than
(B). challenges that were no tougher than
(C). challenges no tougher than those faced by
(D). no tougher challenges than facing
(E). no challenges tougher than
11. In 1871 Joseph Lister noticed when fruit and cheese is spoiled, that a mold grows on them
that can be used to weaken germs.
(A). when fruit and cheese is spoiled, that a mold grows on them that
(B). when fruit and cheese spoil, there is a mold on it that
(C). that a mold that grows on spoiled fruit and cheese
(D). that spoiled fruit and cheese have a mold that grew on them, and it
(E). that spoiled fruit and cheese grow a mold on them, and they
12. In 1980 a scholar who was examining (A) a fifteenth-century letter-writing manual
discovering (B) fragments from (C) love letters exchanged (D) between a famous
twelfth-century couple, Abelard and Heloise. No error (E)
13. Like many (A) people, Luanne believes that parents can foster musical ability in small
children out of (B) playing (C) classical music for them while they are (D) infants. No error
(E)
14. Before she wrote the famous account of her experiences as (A) a Buddhist nun traveling (B)
across Japan, Lady Nijo has lived (C) at the court of the Japanese Emperor for over (D)
twenty years. No error (E)
15. Last summer Tyreesha and two of her classmates worked as a lifeguard (A) at (B) a camp for
(C) musically (D) talented children. No error (E)
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16. Had it not (A) been for (B) two particularly skillful members of the work crew, we could not
have completed (C) the apartment renovations on schedule (D). No error (E)
17. Angrily (A) and a bit confused, the defense witness found it (B) difficult to respond (C)
coherently to (D) the district attorney’s aggressive cross-examination. No error (E)
18. Because she is so (A) busy with her classes and her library job, Shonda always carries (B) a
homework assignment in her bag so that (C) she can complete them (D) on the subway. No
error (E)
19. Brazil is not only the most populous (A) of the twelve South American countries but (B) also
the largest (C) in area (D). No error (E)
20. A recent study of animal language offers (A) provocative theories about (B) the origins of
such coplex behaviors as (C) the colorfully and noisy (D) signals animals use to
communicate. No error (E)
21. The development of telescopes of greater power and resolution has given (A) astronomers
hope that glimpses of distant solar system bodies even smaller than (B) Pluto will soon (C) be
possible (D). No error (E)
22. It would be (A) much more efficient for you and I (B) to work together on both projects than
(C) for each of us (D) to work separately on one. No error (E)
23. Above the beautiful white-sand beach runs (A) two rivers that eventually (B) combine to
form (C) a waterfall cascading (D) to the sand. No error (E)
24. Linking the sides of the gorge was (A) a suspension bridge built (B) a hundred years earlier
(C) by local farmers seeking to expedite travel between their fields to (D) the marketplace.
No error (E)
25. To stand in (A) Persepolis in modern Iran and look out, as Darius the First must have done
(B), at the immense sweep of fields and mountains (C) is to grasp (D) the vastness of the
ancient Persian Empire. No error (E)
26. Each of the eagle chicks eats as much as (A) it can during (B) a single feeding but stores (C)
a large amount of undigested food in their (D) crop, an organ located near the base of the
neck. No error (E)
27. The “Mayan Riviera,” which extends down (A) the eastern coast of Mexico, has many hidden
(B) caves, one of which (C) is larger than the size of (D) Monaco. No error (E)
28. Vanessa had a tendency of changing (A) her mind often, so often (B) in fact that her friends
gave up expecting (C) her to show up at (D) their parties. No error (E)
29. Since endorsement by a political party is no guarantee of suitability for (A) public office, the
best way to evaluate (B) candidates is (C) to examine his or her (D) public records. No error
(E)
(1) I started keeping a journal when I was fourteen and have been writing in it almost every
day since that time. (2) I am convinced that keeping a journal has had an important effect on my
development as a person. (3) Because I write in it by hand, I write slowly, giving myself time to
reflect on my experiences. (4) Sometimes when I write for a long time I get writer’s cramp in my
hand. (5) I notice more than I otherwise would about my feelings and motivations, and when I go
back and read old journals, I start to recognize patterns in my experience.
(6) Often my instincts about people and situations are right. (7) But one thing I have observed
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in reading old journal entries is that I sometimes distrust my instincts about people and situations.
(8) I have become friends with two people who were fun to be around, but some part of me sensed
that they were not trustworthy. (9) But then I would tell myself not to be suspicious of people, so I
set my doubts aside. (10) Later, in both cases, I find out those friends are self-centered and
unreliable. (11) My first impressions had been right, but I had discounted them. (12) Another time
I almost turned down a summer job that one of my classmates thought sounded boring even
though to me it seemed interesting. (13) Fortunately, I changed my mind and took the job, and it
turned out to be a great experience.
30. Which of the following revisions would most improve the focus of the first paragraph?
(A). Add a sentence after sentence 1 indicating the current age of the writer
(B). Add a sentence after sentence 2 describing other kinds of writing the writer considers
important
(C). Delete sentence 3
(D). Delete sentence 4
(E). Delete sentence 5
31. In context, which of the following would be the best way to combine sentence 6 and sentence
7 (reproduced below)?
Often my instincts about people and situations are right. But one thing I have observed in
reading old journal entries is that I sometimes distrust my instincts about people and
situations.
(A). Often my instincts about people and situations are right, and one thing I have observed
in reading old journal entries is that I sometimes distrust them.
(B). Even when our instincts about people and situations are right, one thing we observe in
reading old journal entries is that we sometimes distrust those instincts.
(C). One thing I have observed in reading old journal entries is that I sometimes distrust my
instincts about people and situations even though my instincts are often right.
(D). One thing they observe is that in reading old journal entries they sometimes distrust their
instincts about people and situations even though their instincts are often right.
(E). On the other hand, one thing I observe in reading old journal entries is that I sometimes
distrust my instincts about people and situations that are often right.
32. In context, which is the best revision of the underlined portion of sentence 8 (reproduced
below)?
I have become friends with two people who were fun to be around, but some part of me
sensed that they were not trustworthy.
(A). For example, I became
(B). Since that time I have become
(C). Specifically, I have become
(D). In fact, I was also
(E). It is interesting to note that I will be
33. In context, which of the following is the best version of sentence 9 (reproduced below)?
But then I would tell myself not to be suspicious of people, so I set my doubts aside.
(A). (As it is)
(B). But I should have told myself not to be suspicious of people and set aside my doubts.
(C). I will, however, set my doubts aside and tell myself not to be suspicious of people.
(D). I set my doubts aside, however, telling myself not to be suspicious of people.
(E). In addition, I set my doubts aside and would tell myself not to be suspicious of people.
34. In context, which is the best version of sentence 10 (reproduced below)?
Later, in both cases, I find out those friends are self-centered and unreliable.
(A). Who would have known that they would turn out to be self-centered and unreliable?
(B). How could I tell if the two are self-centered and unreliable?
(C). Later I found out that both of these friends were self-centered and unreliable, as I had
initially thought.
(D). They might turn out to be self-centered and unreliable.
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(E). Both of them, I will discover, are self-centered and unreliable.
35. In context, which of the following sentences is best to insert between sentence 12 and
sentence 13?
(A). The job paid better than the other jobs for which I had applied that summer.
(B). My classmate and I disagreed about other subjects besides that job.
(C). A friend’s advice about such things should be based on solid information, not vague
impressions.
(D). Sometimes first impressions turn out to be accurate.
(E). At first I was inclined to give her evaluation more weight than my own.
1.
Sometimes loud and frequently annoying, crows spending a lot of time spreading trash across
suburban lawns.
(A). crows spending
(B). crows to spend
(C). crows spend
(D). crows, which spend
(E). crows, they spend
2.
According to the results of a recent experiment, success in dieting may depend on eating
smaller portions served on smaller dishes.
(A). success in dieting may depend
(B). success in dieting, which may depend
(C). success in dieting might be depending
(D). when dieting successfully, it may depend
(E). to diet successfully depending
3.
Living on a diet of fruits and insects, the flexible snout and lips of the sloth bear blow away
dirt in its search for food.
(A). Living on a diet of fruits and insects, the flexible snout and lips of the sloth bear blow
away dirt in its search for food.
(B). The sloth bear, which lives on a diet of fruits and insects, uses its flexible snout and lips
to blow away dirt in its search for food.
(C). The sloth bear, using its flexible snout and lips, living on a diet of fruits and insects, and
blowing away dirt in its search for food.
(D). The sloth bear’s flexible snout and lips, living on a diet of fruits and insects, blow away
dirt in its search for food.
(E). Blowing away dirt in its search for food, the flexible snout and lips are used by the sloth
bear, which lives on a diet of fruits and insects.
4.
The Great Gatsby is now considered a classic novel set in America’s Jazz Age, but in 1925 its
reviews would be mixed and its sales would have been disappointing.
(A). its reviews would be mixed and its sales would have been disappointing
(B). its reviews are mixed and its sales would be disappointing
(C). its reviews were mixed and its sales disappointing
(D). it had mixed reviews and its disappointing sales
(E). reviews were mixed and also disappointing sales
5.
Dunnarts are small marsupials that can survive at birth without a fully functional respiratory
system because, unlike other mammals, dunnarts can absorb oxygen through their skin when
they are newborn.
(A). system because, unlike other mammals,
(B). system and because, unlike other mammals,
(C). system, unlike other mammals, and because
(D). system, and being unlike other mammals because
(E). system; unlike other mammals because
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6.
Many places in the Arctic region yield evidence of late Precambrian glaciation, which took
place about 650 million years ago and which it is the belief of some scientists was global in
extent.
(A). it is the belief of some scientists
(B). it is the belief of some scientists it
(C). some scientists have the belief that
(D). some scientists believe
(E). some scientists believe it
7.
The list of Mayan deities that represent various natural forces suggest that the ancient
Mayans were keenly attuned to their environment.
(A). suggest
(B). suggests
(C). suggesting
(D). having suggested
(E). that suggest
8.
During the Great Depression, Dorothea Lange’s photographs brought public attention to the
plight of farm workers, being distributed free of charge to newspapers.
(A). photographs brought public attention to the plight of farm workers, being distributed
free of charge to newspapers
(B). photographs brought public attention to the plight of farm workers, which were
distributed free of charge to newspapers
(C). photographs, which she distributed free of charge to newspapers and brought public
attention to the plight of farm workers
(D). photographs, distributed free of charge to newspapers, bringing public attention to the
plight of farm workers
(E). photographs, distributed free of charge to newspapers, brought public attention to the
plight of farm workers
9.
Few people today have ever heard of Ralph Teetor, the inventor of cruise control,
nevertheless, he ranks among the outstanding automotive pioneers of the twentieth century.
(A). control, nevertheless, he ranks
(B). control, which nevertheless ranks him
(C). control, ranking, nevertheless,
(D). control; who nevertheless ranks
(E). control; nevertheless, he ranks
10. Writing as though Australia were the center of the world, Banjo Paterson became the
country’s best-loved poet.
(A). Writing as though Australia were the center of the world, Banjo Paterson became the
country’s best-loved poet.
(B). Banjo Paterson wrote as though Australia were the center of the world, he became the
country’s best-loved poet.
(C). Banjo Paterson, who wrote as though Australia were the center of the world, becoming
the country’s best-loved poet.
(D). Banjo Paterson became Australia’s best-loved poet, he wrote as though the country were
the center of the world.
(E). Becoming the best-loved Australian poet, Banjo Paterson wrote as though it were the
center of the world.
11. Carrying signs and waving flags, the company’s corporate office was surrounded by angry
demonstrators demanding better health benefits.
(A). the company’s corporate office was surrounded by angry demonstrators demanding
better health benefits
(B). the company’s corporate office, surrounded by angry demonstrators demanding better
health benefits
(C). angry demonstrators demanding better health benefits surrounded the company’s
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corporate office
(D). angry demonstrators surrounding the company’s corporate office demanding better
health benefits
(E). demanding better health benefits, the company’s corporate office was surrounded by
angry demonstrators
12. Without the invention of the compass, Magellan might not have sailed around the world,
Lewis and Clark might not have traveled to Oregon, nor might de Soto’s search for the fabled
cities of gold have occurred, either.
(A). nor might de Soto’s search for the fabled cities of gold have occurred, either
(B). nor might de Soto search for the fabled cities of gold
(C). and de Soto’s search for the fabled cities of gold might not have taken place
(D). and de Soto might not search for the fabled cities of gold
(E). and de Soto might not have searched for the fabled cities of gold
13. The art of many pre-Columbian and post-Columbian Native American cultures are rooted in
a perception that dualities are found everywhere in nature.
(A). are rooted
(B). is rooted
(C). rooting
(D). with roots
(E). having roots
14. When thinking about which current television shows have the potential to become classics,
only a few come to mind.
(A). When thinking about which current television shows have
(B). When thinking about which are the current television shows with
(C). When one thinks about which current television shows have
(D). When one thinks about which are the current television shows with
(E). Thinking about current television shows and which of them have
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SET20. 2009. 1.
1.
Research has shown that children, born with the ability to learn any human language, even
several languages at the same time.
(A). children, born with the ability to learn
(B). children, when born with the ability for learning
(C). children, they are born with the ability to learn
(D). children born with the ability to be learning
(E). children are born with the ability to learn
2.
The judge ruled that the magazine must not publish or in any way profiting from the illegally
obtained photographs.
(A). profiting
(B). should they profit
(C). to profit
(D). profited
(E). profit
3.
With the popularity of travel and tourism reaching unprecedented heights, environmental
damage to previously unspoiled sites and remote wilderness areas is becoming pervasive,
irreversible, and costly.
(A). is becoming pervasive, irreversible, and
(B). is becoming pervasive, irreversible, and it can be
(C). becomes pervasive, irreversible; it is also
(D). becoming pervasive, irreversible, and it is
(E). when it becomes pervasive, irreversible, and
4.
Because the composer valued informality in all aspects of life is the reason why he chose to
wear blue jeans to concerts.
(A). Because the composer valued informality in all aspects of life is the reason why
(B). Because the composer valued informality in all aspects of life,
(C). The composer valued informality in all aspects of life and is the reason why
(D). A result of the composer valuing informality in all aspects of life was
(E). The fact that the composer valued informality in all aspects of life, which explains why
5.
Recently, fast-food restaurants have responded to criticism that their food offerings are
unhealthy by adding to their menus items that are lower in fat and calories and smaller in
portion size.
(A). by adding
(B). and is adding
(C). to add
(D). and adding
(E). thereby adding
6.
The second-year students at this college have evolved into insightful, critical thinkers from an
inexperienced and uncertain teenager just a year before.
(A). from an inexperienced and uncertain teenager just a year before
(B). from the inexperienced and uncertain teenagers they were just a year ago
(C). even though just a year before they were an inexperienced and uncertain teenager
(D). in just a year from an inexperienced and uncertain teenager
(E). when in just a year they were inexperienced and uncertain teenagers
7.
At the age of seventeen, Avicenna (c.A.D. 980-1037) being a practicing physician, was when
he proved his remarkable competence by curing the seriously ill King of Bukhara.
(A). At the age of seventeen, Avicenna (c.A.D. 980-1037) being a practicing physician, was
when he proved
(B). At the age of seventeen, Avicenna (c.A.D. 980-1037) was a practicing physician, he
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proved
(C). A practicing physician at the age of seventeen, Avicenna (c.A.D. 980-1037) proved
(D). Practicing as a physician At the age of seventeen, Avicenna (c.A.D. 980-1037) has
proved
(E). A practicing physician at the age of seventeen named Avicenna (c.A.D. 980-1037),
proved
8.
9.
The fabled city of Timbuktu was founded by nomads, they were seeking shelter from the
Sahara desert on the cool banks of the Niger River.
(A). nomads, they were seeking
(B). nomads, they sought
(C). nomads seeking
(D). nomads; seeking
(E). nomads which sought
Commuters in the 1990s encountered more traffic delays than the 1970s and 1980s.
(A). than
(B). than did
(C). than the traffic problems of
(D). than with the commuters in
(E). than commuters did in
10. Across the southern surface of the Moon’s far side sprawls an asteroid-impact crater, 1,600
miles wide and 8 miles deep, called the Aitken Basin.
(A). side sprawls an asteroid-impact crater,
(B). side there sprawls an asteroid-impact crater, it is
(C). side, a sprawling asteroid-impact crater,
(D). side, an asteroid-impact crater that sprawls
(E). side, sprawl an asteroid-impact crater,
11. Fabric was very expensive in the United States before the Industrial Revolution, this is why
scraps were saved and recycled into such items as patchwork quilts and doll clothes.
(A). Revolution, this is why
(B). Revolution, this explains why
(C). Revolution, and so
(D). Revolution and so that
(E). Revolution; resulting in
12. The Arctic ringed seal employs its sharp-clawed flippers not only to carve (A) breathing
holes in the thick sea ice and also (B) to build its lair in snowdrifts over (C) such holes (D).
No error (E)
13. Centuries ago (A), the Greek physician Hippocrates advocated collecting (B) data from (C)
patients in order to be drawing (D) conclusions and diagnose diseases. No error (E)
14. The computer company has increased (A) sales for three consecutive years (B), both by
lowering prices on its (C) personal computers and it added (D) new product lines. No error
(E)
15. The historic Woodacre building, which house (A) several university departments, was
demolished to make (B) room for (C) a parking lot, dismaying alumni who had supported (D)
the university for decades. No error (E)
16. Something about (A) the project must have (B) energized the bureaucrats; only six months
after (C) plans are submitted (D), the playground was complete. No error (E)
17. Sui Sin Far and Edith Eaton are both a name (A) used by an early twentieth-century writer
whose (B) psychological realism continues to bring (C) her characters to life (D) for today’s
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readers. No error (E)
18. Professor Corey, a man genuinely interested (A) in others’ ideas, told the students in his
government class that they (B) were free to voice (C) all of their opinions, no matter how
controversial it was (D). No error (E)
19. Some experts say that of all (A) the musical forms that constituted African music in the
second half of the (B) twentieth century, Congolese rumba and its rambunctious offspring,
soukous, were (C) the more (D) influential. No error (E)
20. In 1991 Burmese military officials arrested dissident political leader Aung San Suu Kyi,
thereby (A) preventing (B) her from leaving (C) Burma for accepting (D) the Nobel Peace
Prize in Oslo. No error (E)
21. The United States Supreme Court is the final interpreter of (A) the Constitution, and they
have (B) the power to (C) declare a state law unconstitutional (D). No error (E)
22. Absent from the curtain call, to our disappointment, was (A) the director and the producer,
both of whom (B) had done (C) so much to bring about (D) this triumphant opening night.
No error (E)
23. The three sections of my neighbor’s newly planted (A) garden, each totally different (B) in
design and composition, harmonizes (C) with one another (D) in color and texture. No error
(E)
24. The restoration of the once bustling (A) neighborhood, an area recently marred (B) by litter
and graffiti, is one of the high praised (C) efforts of (D) the mayor’s administration. No error
(E)
25. Though far (A) less innovative as a composer (B) of vocal and instrumental music, Georg
Philipp Telemann was the most prolific of (C) either Johann Sebastian Bach or (D) George
Frideric Handel. No error (E)
26. For (A) more than a century, wooden ships called “skipjacks” were regularly used (B) to
harvest (C) oysters in Chesapeake Bay, but only a few such vessels (D) remain in service
today. No error (E)
27. Built from 1609 to 1617 to rival (A) the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul’s Sultanahmet Mosque was
celebrated (B) not so much for its architecture but because of (C) the exquisite blue tiles that
adorned its (D) interior. No error (E)
28. The codfish inhabits the shallow waters of the ocean; they are (A) especially plentiful in such
areas as (B) the North American continental shelf, where (C) the depth is rarely greater than
(D) 200 or 300 feet. No error (E)
29. Representatives of two independent groups have been asked (A) to review recent studies
comparing (B) the monthly (C) costs of using cell phones with conventional phones (D). No
error (E)
(1) Most of my classmates have no idea what they want to do when they graduate. (2) They
are similar to me. (3) Many different things are interesting to them. (4) My classmates are not sure
how to decide which one is most important. (5) Yet, how any of these interests can turn into a
career is not known.
(6) This problem worried me a great deal until recently, when I read an article about Mae
Jemison, who was the first African American woman to become an astronaut. (7) Jemison is
another person who seems to have had so many interests that she hardly knew which to pursue. (8)
In college she majored in chemical engineering and African American studies but then changed
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her mind and went to medical school. (9) After practicing medicine in the United States for a few
years, for example, she joined the Peace Corps and went to West Africa. (10) When she returned,
she applied to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and became a mission
specialist, conducting scientific experiments aboard Spacelab and on the shuttle Endeavour. (11)
After she had retired from NASA, Jemison taught college, founded an international science camp
for high school students, and one went to be on Star Trek: The Next Generation—among many
other things.
(12) I think this is amazing. (13) It shows me that I don’t have to give up activities I
love—sports or music, for instance—or settle for a job that doesn’t really interest me. (14) I can
choose a career that includes activities that interest me, and I can even change careers if I find
something that interests me more.
30. In context, which of the following is the best way to revise and combine the underlined
portion of sentences 2, 3 and 4 (reproduced below)?
They are similar to me. Many different things are interesting to them. My classmates are not
sure how to decide which one is most important.
(A). Like me, they are interested in many different things, but they are not
(B). Like me in their interests in many different things, but not really
(C). My classmates, similar to me, find many different things interesting, but not
(D). They, similarly to me, are interested in many different things, but I am not
(E). Similarly, they are like; having many different things that interest them but not being
31. In context, which is the most effective version of sentence 5 (reproduced below)?
Yet, how any of these interests can turn into a career is not known.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). Moreover, they do not know how to go about turning any of their interests into a career.
(C). Still, these students did not know how to turn their interests into careers.
(D). So we do not know how a career could result from any of their interests.
(E). Clearly, I do not know how any of my interests can turn into a career.
32. In context, which is the best replacement for the underlined words in sentence 9 (reproduced
below)?
After practicing medicine in the United States for a few years, for example, she joined the
Peace Corps and went to West Africa.
(A). accordingly
(B). consequently
(C). therefore
(D). however
(E). by the way
33. What is the best version of the underlined part of sentence 11 (reproduced below)?
After she had retired from NASA, Jemison taught college, founded an international science
camp for high school students, and once went to be on Star Trek: The Next
Generation—among many other things.
(A). appearing
(B). makes an appearance
(C). appeared as a character
(D). to be a character
(E). they asked her to be
34. The second paragraph (sentence 6-11) would be most strengthened by adding
(A). information about what led Jemison to make any of her career choices
(B). the names of the college and medical school Jemison graduated from
(C). examples of the scientific experiments Jemison conducted
(D). details about Jemison’s medical career
(E). an explanation of the term “mission specialist”
35. In context, which of the following versions of sentence 12 (reproduced below) is most
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effective?
I think this is amazing.
(A). I believe Jemison is an extraordinarily gifted person.
(B). Jemison showed great courage in pursuing her dream.
(C). It must be very exciting to be an astronaut.
(D). I was very surprised to read about Jemison’s ideas.
(E). I find Jemison’s story very reassuring.
Section 10
1. Abidjan, a port city, no longer the capital of Ivory Coast, but still the country’s economic
center.
(A). Abidjan, a port city, no longer the capital of Ivory Coast, but still the country’s economic
center.
(B). A port city, Abidjan is no longer the capital of Ivory Coast, it is still the country’s
economic center.
(C). Although it is no longer the capital of Ivory Coast, the port city of Abidjan is still the
country’s economic center.
(D). No longer the capital of Ivory Coast, but the port city of Abidjan is still the country’s
economic center.
(E). While no longer the capital of the country, but Abidjan, a port city, is still the economic
center of Ivory Coast.
2.
By investigating Saturn’s rings, it is hoped by scientists to achieve greater insight into the
composition of stars and planetary systems.
(A). it is hoped by scientists to achieve greater insight
(B). it is hoped that scientists’ insight will be more greatly achieved
(C). the insight of scientists will be achieved more greatly, hopefully,
(D). the hope is for scientists to achieve greater insight
(E). scientists hope to achieve greater insight
3.
Countries included in this varied and interesting study of economic theory was the United
Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, and France.
(A). Countries included in this varied and interesting study of economic theory was
(B). Countries included in this varied and interesting study of economic theory were
(C). Countries being included in this varied and interesting study of economic theory was
(D). Varied and interesting, this study of economic theory included countries that were
(E). In this varied and interesting study of economic theory, such countries included as
4.
It came as something of a surprise that the state supreme court struck down the new law,
which had passed so easily in the state legislature.
(A). which had passed so easily
(B). they had passed it so easily
(C). having passed it so easily
(D). so easily has it passed
(E). it passed so easily
5.
Nominated for vice president of the United States in 1884 and 1888, and frontier feminist, is
Marietta Stow, endorsing protection of widows’ rights and racial equality.
(A). and frontier feminist, is Marietta Stow, endorsing protection
(B). frontier feminist Marietta Stow endorsed protection
(C). thus frontier feminist Marietta Stow endorsed protection
(D). which is Marietta Stow, who had endorsed the protecting
(E). a frontier feminist, Marietta Stow, who endorsed protection
6.
Despite repeated warnings by traffic safety experts, many automobile accidents still occur
while both driving and talking on cell phones.
(A). both driving and
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(B).
(C).
(D).
(E).
both driving as well as
they drive, simultaneously
drivers are
drivers were
7.
The foreman’s strict enforcement of factory protocol was not him being inflexible but the
result of a determination to maintain a safe workplace.
(A). was not him being inflexible but the result of a determination
(B). was not his inflexibility but resulted from being determined
(C). resulted not from inflexibility, but he was determined
(D). resulted not from inflexibility but from a determination
(E). resulted not so much from being inflexible as it was a determination
8.
Acting on a tip from an anonymous informant, a cache of counterfeit money and stolen credit
cards were seized by federal agents during a raid on a local nightclub early yesterday
morning.
(A). a cache of counterfeit money and stolen credit cards were seized by federal agents
(B). a cache of counterfeit money and stolen credit cards was seized by federal agents
(C). there was a cache of counterfeit money and stolen credit cards that federal agents seized
(D). federal agents would seize a cache of counterfeit money and stolen credit cards
(E). federal agents seized a cache of counterfeit money and stolen credit cards
9.
A Seneca Indian with legal training, Ely Parker made history by writing out the terms of the
final Confederate surrender at the end of the American Civil War.
(A). A Seneca Indian with legal training,
(B). A Seneca Indian to have been trained in the law,
(C). Because he has had legal training, Seneca Indian
(D). With legal training, and being a Seneca Indian
(E). With having been, as a Seneca Indian, trained in the law
10. When we were cleaning the garage, my sister and I found the old soccer ball in a dark corner
we used to play with when we were young.
(A). the old soccer ball in a dark corner we used to play with when we were young
(B). in a dark corner from when we were young the old soccer ball we played with
(C). in a dark corner the old soccer ball we used to play with when we were young
(D). the old soccer ball in a dark corner, we used to play with it when we were young
(E). the old soccer ball, having played with it when we were young, in a dark corner
11. In the novel Agnes Gray, Anne Bronte presented a fictionalized account of both she and her
sister’s bizarre experiences as teachers in the houses of Victorian aristocrats.
(A). of both she and her sister’s bizarre experiences as teachers
(B). of both her and her sister’s bizarre experiences as teachers
(C). of both she and her sister’s bizarre experiences teaching
(D). about the bizarre experiences both her and her sister had as a teacher
(E). about the bizarre experiences as teachers both her and her sister had
12. A sequence of training sessions on the use of the new equipment is scheduled for this coming
Tuesday at the technology laboratory.
(A). is
(B). are
(C). being
(D). have been
(E). having been
13. While trimming his forsythia bush, an overgrown mass of vegetation that had just begun to
flower, an indignant bee stung poor Mr. Nettleworth on the wrist.
(A). an indignant bee stung poor Mr. Nettleworth on the wrist
(B). there are an indignant bee that stung poor Mr. Nettleworth on his wrist
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(C). poor Mr. Nettleworth’s wrist was stung by an indignant bee
(D). poor Mr. Nettleworth was stung on the wrist by an indignant bee
(E). poor Mr. Nettleworth was stung on his wrist from an indignant bee
14. The crowds that flocked to the World’s Fair in Chicago in 1893 were larger and more
enthusiastic than the crowds at the World’s Fair in Paris had been a few years earlier.
(A). than the crowds at the World’s Fair in Paris had been
(B). than was the World’s Fair in Paris
(C). than the World’s Fair in Paris
(D). unlike the World’s Fair in Paris crowds
(E). in comparison to those at the World’s Fair in Paris
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SET21. 2009. 5.
1.
Recent evidence suggests that dark energy, a mysterious repulsive force that causes the
universe to expand, it has been present for most of the universe’s history.
(A). it has
(B). it had
(C). this has
(D). has
(E). having
2.
One of only a few venomous mammals, the slow loris coats the fur of its young offspring
with toxic saliva, which it protects them from predators.
(A). saliva, which it protects them
(B). saliva, it protects them
(C). saliva to protect them
(D). saliva for protecting them
(E). saliva, they are protected
3.
Nutritionists suggest that before deciding to drastically change your diet, a person should
consult one’s physician.
(A). your diet, a person should consult one’s physician
(B). your diet, you should consult your physician
(C). one’s diet, you should consult your physician
(D). their diet, people should consult his or her physician
(E). their diet, consult a physician
4.
Biologists working to rescue the giant condor from extinction uses radio telemetry and
satellite signals to track banded birds.
(A). uses radio telemetry and satellite signals to track
(B). using radio telemetry and satellite signals to track
(C). use radio telemetry and satellite signals to track
(D). to track, by use of radio telemetry and satellite signals
(E). tracking, using radio telemetry and satellite signals
5.
Iron, the metal most necessary for modern industry, is more often made into an alloy than
used in its pure form.
(A). is more often made into an alloy than used
(B). is more often made into an alloy than using it
(C). is more often made into an alloy rather than use it
(D). which is more often made into an alloy than it is used
(E). more often made into an alloy than used
6.
Once a popular form of entertainment in arcades, shops, and saloons across the United States,
collectors prize coin-operated mechanical games as emblems of the nation’s past.
(A). collectors prize coin-operated mechanical games
(B). collectors who prize coin-operated mechanical games
(C). coin-operated mechanical games that are prized by collectors
(D). coin-operated mechanical games are prized by collectors
(E). coin-operated mechanical games, prized by collectors
7.
There is a speculation that the name “Wendy” was the invention of J. M. Barrie, who created
a character by that name for his famous paly Peter Pan.
(A). There is a speculation that the name “Wendy” was
(B). There is a speculation saying the name “Wendy” was
(C). They speculate saying that the name “Wendy” was
(D). The name “Wendy”, speculated to have been
(E). The name “Wendy” is by some speculation
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8.
The paintings by the junior high students displayed more sophisticated color schemes than
the elementary school students.
(A). schemes than the elementary school students
(B). schemes than did those by the elementary school students
(C). schemes as that which the elementary school students did
(D). schemes, and this was not like those done by the elementary school students
(E). schemes, not like the elementary school students
9.
Raised on the Laguna Pueblo reservation, the novels of Leslie Marmon Silko affirm the
enduring role of oral traditions and ceremonies in the Pueblo culture.
(A). Raised on the Laguna Pueblo reservation, the novels of Leslie Marmon Silko
(B). Raised on the Laguna Pueblo reservation, Leslie Marmon Silko’s novels
(C). Leslie Marmon Silko was raised on the Laguna Pueblo reservation, her novels
(D). Leslie Marmon Silko’s novels, and that she was raised on the Laguna Pueblo
reservation,
(E). The novels of Leslie Marmon Silko, who was raised on the Laguna Pueblo reservation,
10. Remarkable breakthroughs in gene research may lead to dramatic changes in medical
treatment, where it may be possible to create drugs tailored to a patients’ genetic makeup.
(A). treatment, where it may be possible to create
(B). treatment, in which they can possibly create
(C). treatment by making it possible to create
(D). treatment that makes it possible creating
(E). treatment that makes possible creating
11. We had never seen anything like this style of architecture before, we thought we were
looking at giant sculptures, not buildings.
(A). We had never seen
(B). We never saw
(C). Never had we seen
(D). Never having seen
(E). Never seeing
12. At (A) the age of seventy-one, legendary (B) country music artist Johnny Cash astonished his
fans by performing (C) a song that the rock group Nine Inch Nails originally has recorded
(D). No error (E)
13. As (A) a distinct body of writing, Mexican American literature is relative (B) young, having
taken (C) shape only after (D) the conclusion of the Mexican War in 1848. No error (E)
14. My sister and I (A) cherish memories of (B) spending hours (C) outdoors as children,
climbing trees, building forts, digging holes in the dirt, and the search (D) for bugs. No error
(E)
15. Today in class we discussed the common, but mistaken (A), assumption that when (B) two
people are no longer (C) dating they are incapable to be (D) friends. No error (E)
16. Nearly (A) driven to extinction by the late nineteenth century, the southern white rhino
represents (B) a great conservation success: since 1885 the population has (C) increased from
barely 20 animals to more than (D) 11,000. No error (E)
17. If you want to build (A) a house, a book can tell you how to (B) install drywall or run wiring,
but they (C) cannot take the place of (D) hands-on experience. No error (E)
18. Next Monday a committee chosen by (A) the school board met (B) to review (C) the final list
of applicants for the position of (D) principal at the new high school. No error (E)
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19. Because (A) Ms. Metser, the new chemistry teacher, presented (B) the subject so thorough
(C), concepts that had been difficult (D) to understand now seemed simple to the students.
No error (E)
20. The intricate pattern on (A) a butterfly’s wing is composed of (B) thousands of microscopic
scales, each of which (C) is (D) the product of a single cell. No error (E)
21. That (A) I have little interest (B) in art is not the fault of my parents, taking (C) me to art
exhibits and galleries from the time I was (D) ten years olds. No error (E)
22. In the early twentieth century, telephone companies supported (A) the cause of (B) financial
independence for women by providing (C) many with respectable jobs as a switchboard
operator (D). No error (E)
23. A recent report suggests that (A) safety-conscious drivers need not (B) limit themselves to
driving (C) large, heavy vehicles, because the structural integrity of a vehicle is more
important (D) than its size and weight. No error (E)
24. A great gray owl flying low (A) across a forest clearing, its wings beating (B) quietly and its
ultrasensitive ears tuned to the faint sounds (C) made by small creatures concealed (D) under
leaves. No error (E)
25. Determined (A) to make a name for herself (B) as a writer (C) of short stories, Helen never
submits anything to an editor until revising (D) it several times. No error (E)
26. The loyalty of British families to specific brands of toothpaste have (A) been cited by (B)
historians as evidence (C) of the growing influence (D) of advertising during the early
twentieth century. No error (E)
27. The Environmental Protection Agency has named six winners of their (A) Water Efficiency
Leader Award, created to encourage (B) innovation in (C) developing products and practices
that use (D) water efficiently. No error (E)
28. Early rock and roll music, like (A) jazz and the blues, celebrated (B) characteristics of urban
life that was once (C) only disparaged: loud, repetitive city sounds were reproduced as (D)
raucous melodies and insistent rhythms. No error (E)
29. The Roman poet Virgil is highly esteemed (A) today for his epic poem, The Aeneid, yet (B)
on his deathbed he himself sought (C) to prevent its publication on the grounds of not being
(D) sufficiently polished. No error (E)
(1) For a long time, there has been a vocal minority of people who question whether
Shakespeare really authored the works attributed to him. (2) These skeptics claim that the plays
and sonnets were actually written by Edward de Vere, Christopher Marlowe, or even Sir Francis
Bacon. (3) Most serious scholars dismiss such claims. (4) What about the so-called authors of
other famous works of literature?
(5) Skeptics often argue that William Shakespeare could not have had the high degree of
education reflected in the plays. (6) Shakespeare’s plays are very sophisticated. (7) The plays
reveal that whoever wrote them was very familiar with politics, foreign languages, and classical
Greek and Latin. (8) Skeptics say Shakespeare could not have gotten such a good education since
he was not from a wealthy or noble family. (9) As serious scholars have long pointed out,
Shakespeare, as a resident of Stratford-upon-Avon, where he grew up, would have been entitled to
attend the local school. (10) There he would have learned reading, writing, and the classics and
would have been exposed to many of the historical and philosophical ideas evident in
Shakespeare’s works. (11) Skeptics also maintain that Shakespeare could not have authored the
plays because he never attended a university; serious scholars, however, point out that many
dramatists of his time did not attend college. (12) It seems that despite what is said, there is little
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reason to doubt that Shakespeare’s plays and sonnets were really written by Shakespeare.
30. In context, which is best to add to the beginning of sentence 3?
(A). For example,
(B). In addition,
(C). However,
(D). Unfortunately,
(E). Similarly,
31. Which of the following is the best way to revise the underlined material and combine
sentences 6 and 7 (reproduced below)?
Shakespeare’s plays are very sophisticated. The plays reveal that whoever wrote them was
very familiar with politics, foreign languages, and classical Greek and Latin.
(A). The plays attributed to Shakespeare are very sophisticated, revealing that
(B). He also wrote very sophisticated plays, so they know that
(C). In contrast, Shakespeare’s plays are very sophisticated, which reveals that
(D). Who would question that they are sophisticated and that they reveal that
(E). Whoever wrote it was very sophisticated; his plays reveal
32. In context, which is the best way to revise the underlined portion of sentence 8 (reproduced
below)?
Skeptics say Shakespeare could not have gotten such a good education since he was not from
a wealthy or noble family.
(A). Skeptics assume incorrectly that
(B). We can say that
(C). Therefore, it confirms that
(D). As a result, we can conclude that
(E). They should have concluded that
33. In context, the second paragraph (sentences 5-12) would be most improved by the inclusion
of
(A). a list of the names of some of the most powerful families in the sixteenth-century
English aristocracy
(B). an example or two of dramatists other than Shakespeare who never attended a university
(C). an inventory of the library of the leading noble family in Stratford-upon-Avon during
Shakespeare’s lifetime
(D). an explanation of how modern education in England differs from that of Shakespeare’s
time
(E). a physical description of the grammar school in Stratford-upon-Avon during
Shakespeare’s youth
34. Which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 12
(reproduced below)?
It seems that despite what is said, there is little reason to doubt that Shakespeare’s plays and
sonnets were really written by Shakespeare.
(A). (as it is now)
(B). their arguments
(C). their lack of evidence
(D). the issues raised by skeptics
(E). this unanswered question
35. Of the following, which sentence should be deleted because it interrupts the logical
development of the passage?
(A). Sentence 1
(B). Sentence 2
(C). Sentence 4
(D). Sentence 9
(E). Sentence 10
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Section 10
1. Ronald Takaki, grandson of Japanese immigrants who worked as plantation laborers in
Hawaii, have been recognized as an expert in the field of multicultural studies.
(A). have been recognized as an expert in the field of multicultural studies
(B). and has been recognized to be an expert in the field of multicultural studies
(C). and in the field of multicultural studies, recognized to be an expert
(D). is recognized as an expert in the field of multicultural studies
(E). he is recognized in the field of multicultural studies as an expert
2.
Whenever she travels, Chantal finds it easy to start conversations with other travelers.
(A). Chantal finds it easy to start conversations with other travelers
(B). Chantal, she finds it is easy for her to start conversations with other travelers
(C). it was easy, Chantal found, to start conversations with other travelers
(D). starting conversations, Chantal finds, with other travelers to be easy
(E). conversations with other travelers is found by Chantal to be easy
3.
Most experts agree that human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, the clearing of
large areas of forests, and to farm on a large scale are contributing to the problem of global
warming.
(A). the burning of fossil fuels, the clearing of large areas of forests, and to farm
(B). the burning of fossil fuels, the clearing of large areas of forests, and farming
(C). the burning of fossil fuels, the clearing of large areas of forests, also farming
(D). when they burn fossil fuels, clear large areas of forests, and they farm
(E). to burn fossil fuels, the clearing of large areas of forests, and to farm
4.
In order to appeal to a wide audience, radio stations have to sequence songs in such a way that
listeners do not have to wait too long before hearing a song you like.
(A). radio stations have to sequence songs in such a way that listeners do not have to wait too
long before hearing a song you like
(B). therefore radio stations have to sequence songs in such a way that you will not wait too
long before hearing a song you like
(C). radio stations have to sequence songs in such a way that no one has to wait too long
before they hear a song he or she likes
(D). radio stations have to sequence songs in such a way that listeners do not have to wait too
long before hearing a song they like
(E). in such a way that no one has to wait too long before hearing a song you like, radio
stations have to sequence songs
5.
Turquoise-inland frog and bird figurines seems to have played an important role in prehistoric
ceremonies in what is now the southwestern United States.
(A). seems to have played an important role
(B). seems to have played important roles
(C). seems to be playing an important role
(D). seem to have played important roles
(E). seeming to be playing important roles
6.
Whether the Green team can avoid losing these two important games depends on each
member’s ability to stay alert.
(A). losing these two important games depends on
(B). losing these two important games depend on
(C). losing these two important games depending on
(D). to lose these two important games depends on
(E). to lose these two important games depending on
7.
In a blind taste test, people are asked which out of two or more products that are unidentified
that they prefer.
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(A).
(B).
(C).
(D).
(E).
8.
9.
which out of two or more products that are unidentified that they prefer
which they would prefer out of two or more products that would not be identified
which of two or more unidentified products they prefer
out of two or more products, which are unidentified, what their preference would be
for their preference from two or more unidentified products
Cinco de Mayo, or May 5, the date of a famous military victory, is celebrated with such an
activity as dancing, parades, musical performances, and feasts.
(A). with such an activity as
(B). with an activity such as
(C). with such activities as
(D). in such activities like
(E). in an activity like that of
The hummingbird, like all other birds that fly, learn to fly through a combination of instinct
and practice.
(A). learn to fly
(B). learns to fly
(C). have learned flying
(D). and learns flying
(E). flying is learned
10. A thick growth of sunflowers standing ten feet tall, their brown heads drooped over the fence
with the weight of their seeds.
(A). standing ten feet tall, their brown heads drooped
(B). standing ten feet tall, their brown heads drooping
(C). standing ten feet tall, and their brown heads droop
(D). stood ten feet tall, their brown heads drooping
(E). stood ten feet tall, and their brown heads drooping
11. An orphan raised in humble surroundings during the early nineteenth century, the novel Great
Expectations has a hero who is given a fortune and sets out to become a gentleman.
(A). the novel Great Expectations has a hero who
(B). Great Expectations is a novel where the hero
(C). the hero of the novel Great Expectations later
(D). the hero of the novel, that is Great Expectations
(E). when the novel Great Expectations has a hero that
12. According to experienced auto mechanics, it is a good idea to change a car’s oil and filter
regularly because doing so helps reduce wear on the engine parts.
(A). regularly because doing so helps
(B). regularly; it therefore helps
(C). regularly, doing this helps
(D). regularly as doing it is helpful to
(E). regularly for the purpose to help
13. Writing about South Africa’s dispossessed people during the period of apartheid, the plays of
Athol Fugard brought him into conflict with the South African government.
(A). apartheid, the plays of Athol Fugard brought him
(B). apartheid, Athol Fugard’s plays have brought him
(C). apartheid, it brought playwright Athol Fugard
(D). apartheid brought playwright Athol Fugard
(E). apartheid have brought playwright Athol Fugard
14. A study found that the environmental costs of producing and recycling paper cups were as
high as, if not higher than, to produce and recycle polystyrene cups.
(A). to produce and recycle
(B). producing and recycling
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(C). if they produce and recycle
(D). the production and recycling of
(E). those of producing and recycling
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SET22. 2009. 10.
1. Astronaut Carlos Noriega, beginning his career as a Marine Corps pilot but then became a
computer scientist and helped to assemble the International Space Station.
(A). Noriega, beginning his career
(B). Noriega began his career
(C). Noriega, who began his career
(D). Noriega, his career began
(E). Noriega, his career had begun
2. Unlike apples and pears, oranges do not continue to ripen after they have been picked.
(A). Unlike apples and pears, oranges do not continue
(B). Unlike apples and pears, oranges, which do not continue
(C). Unlike apples and pears, it is oranges not continuing
(D). Oranges, unlike apples and pears, they do not continue
(E). Oranges, unlike apples and pears, not continuing
3. As part of a five-year forest restoration program at several of the state's parks, teenagers are
rebuilding paths, clearing underbrush, and vines are being cut back.
(A). clearing underbrush, and vines are being cut back
(B). clearing underbrush, and cutting back vines
(C). they arc clearing underbrush, and cutting back vines
(D). underbrush is being cleared, and vines are being cut back
(E). underbrush cleared, and vines cut back
4. Not filling out the forms carefully, there was a two-week delay in processing his paycheck.
(A). Not filling out the forms carefully
(B). The forms, not filled out carefully
(C). Not carefully filling out the forms
(D). Because he had not filled out the forms carefully
(E). By him not being careful while filling out the forms
5. Our team has worked for several months on a robot for the science fair that we plan on
entering in the robotics division.
(A). months on a robot for the science fair that we plan on entering in the robotics division
(B). months on a robot that we plan to enter in the robotics division of the science fair
(C). months on a robot that we planned entering in the science fair, robotics division
(D). months, we plan to enter a robot for the science fair in the robotics division
(E). months, we are planning to enter a robot in the robotics division of the science fair
6. Frustrated with the lack of fashionable clothing at decent prices in most retail stores, a new
discount store was opened on Main Street by a local clothing designer.
(A). stores, a new discount store was opened on Main Street by a local clothing designer
(B). stores, it was on Main Street that a local clothing designer opened a new discount store
(C). stores, a local clothing designer opened a new discount store on Main Street
(D). stores; on Main Street a local clothing designer opened a new discount store
(E). stores led a local clothing designer to open a new discount store on Main Street
7. The theory that the mass extinctions of 250 million years ago were caused by increased
volcanic activity and a warming climate are based around newly discovered evidence.
(A). climate are based around
(B). climate were based around
(C). climate is based on
(D). climate, they based this on
(E). climate, this is based on
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8. Gothic architecture is a style of architecture, associated particularly with cathedrals and
other churches, that flourished in Europe during the Middle Ages.
(A). architecture, associated particularly
(B). architecture, it was associated particularly
(C). architecture, in particular associating
(D). architecture that, being particularly associated
(E). architecture in that it was particularly associated
9. Small fish living among coral reefs face constant danger, swimming in open water makes
them prey to larger fish, but hiding in crevices exposes them to eel attacks.
(A). danger, swimming
(B). danger, their swimming
(C). danger; if they swim
(D). danger: swimming
(E). danger: when it swims
10. Disappointed by the results of last year's plantings and determined to do better this year,
Aunt Marian prepared her garden with unusual care.
(A). plantings and determined to do better this year, Aunt Marian prepared her garden with
unusual care
(B). plantings and determined to do better this year, Aunt Marian's garden was prepared with
unusual care
(C). plantings and, her being determined to do better this year, Aunt Marian prepared her
garden with unusual care
(D). plantings, Aunt Marian prepared her garden with unusual care, she was determined to do
better this year
(E). plantings, Aunt Marian, determined to do better this year, and her garden was prepared
with unusual care
11. Just by unplugging your cell phone charger when you are not using it reduces carbon
dioxide pollution.
(A). Just by unplugging your
(B). Just unplugging one's
(C). Just unplugging your
(D). By just unplugging your
(E). If you just unplug your
12. The book, which was published (A) only yesterday, is sure to (B) challenge serious (C) the
ordinary person's definition of (D) safe driving. No error (E)
13. Professor Brown started (A) yesterday's lecture by suggesting (B) that if (C) Benjamin
Franklin were alive today, he probably worked (D) for an advertising agency. No error (E)
14. Inscribed on the wall is (A) the names of those who left (B) their (C) homes in the village to
travel (D) to the United States. No error (E)
15. Although (A) Duke Ellington did not collaborate with (B) other composers on many of his
jazz compositions, he works closely (C) with pianist and composer Billy Strayhorn on (D)
a number of successful works over the years. No error (E)
16. Hiroko was sitting (A) at the breakfast table, engrossed in (B) a novel, when (C) the
telephone rang and abruptly recalling (D) her to the present moment. No error (E)
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17. Jason is (A) the only one of the three people I knew well (B) in middle school who still
write (C) to me regularly (D). No error (E)
18. Arguing that (A) every chemical element is composed of (B) fundamental particles of a
weight unique to (C) that element, the English meteorologist John Dalton presented (D)
the first modem atomic theory in 1803. No error (E)
19. There is (A), in spite of the large bay window and (B) the new floors, many reasons, such
as the poor location and the small basement, for (C) Nancy not to buy (D) the house. No
error (E)
20. Last month a committee created (A) in response to (B) employees' demands for (C) safer
working conditions has sponsored (D) a workshop on industrial safety. No error (E)
21. Set in (A) South Carolina in 1964, the novel The Secret A Life of Bees is (B) not about bees
but about (C) Lily, a fourteen year old who runs (D) away from home. No error (E)
22. Since it opened (A) in 1956, the Zelinski restaurant has become (B) famous for their (C)
unusual fare and its elaborately decorated (D) dining room. No error (E)
23. Though I am acquainted with (A) Mr. Bartholomew and have long known of (B) his
interest in the painting, that he has gone to such lengths to obtain it (C) astonishes me (D).
No error (E)
24. A significant factor (A) to include in the budget when buying (B) a car are the costs of (C)
fuel and maintenance and the insurance payments (D). No error (E)
25. The habitat in which (A) sequoia trees grow, extends (B) from southern Oregon to northern
California, is kept (C) damp year-round by heavy (D) seasonal rains, cool coastal air, and
fog. No error (E)
26. My mother always gave my sister and I (A) the same treats when we were little so that (B)
neither of us would be (C) jealous of the other (D). No error (E)
27. Throughout the season the coach would often (A) remind us that the best teammates are not
those who strive to set individual records but (B) those (C) who fit in as a member (D) of
a cohesive unit. No error (E)
28. The acoustics of the ancient Greek theater at Epidaurus are so good that (A) an actor's
words, even when whispered (B), are auditory (C) to those sitting (D) in the last row. No
error (E)
29. In The Big Sea, Langston Hughes recounts (A) his childhood and early adulthood in
language that is (B) as simple and direct as another (C) Missouri-born writer, one much
(D) admired by Hughes. Mark Twain. No error (E)
(1) For more than a century automobiles have given us great freedom of mobility, but this
freedom has come with enormous costs. (2) Our reliance on gasoline-powered vehicles resulted
in the pollution of our environment. (3) The world's nonrenewable fossil fuels are being
depleted.
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(4) In recent years various efforts have been made to address these problems. (5) Many
jurisdictions have enacted laws limiting automobile emissions and requiring greater fuel
efficiency. (6) Another approach has been to develop alternatives to the traditional automobile. (7)
They have cars that run on hydrogen, which produce no pollution at all, and those that run
entirely on electricity. (8) There are even cars that run on used vegetable oil.
(9) Although none of these alternatives has caught on commercially, one that has is the hybrid
vehicle, which runs on a combination of gasoline and electricity. (10)Hybrids require less
gasoline than conventional cars, produce less pollution, and run relatively quietly. (11)Though
more expensive than most conventional cars, they have become increasingly popular since they
first appeared on the market several years ago.
(12) Still, hybrids are far from ideal. (13)Unlike hydrogen vehicles, hybrids require gasoline,
so they do use up fossil fuels and produce pollution. (14) Some experts contend that the main
reason the hybrid gets such good mileage is its aerodynamic design and not its mechanical
engineering. (15) If a conventional car were similarly streamlined, however, it would get equally
good mileage.
30. In context, which is the best way to revise and combine sentences 2 and 3 (reproduced
below) at the underlined portion?
Our reliance on gasoline-powered vehicles resulted in the pollution of our environment.
The world's nonrenewable fossil fuels are being depleted.
(A). resulted in the pollution of our environment, and the world's nonrenewable fossil fuels
are being depleted
(B). resulted in the pollution of our environment, and we are depleting the world's
nonrenewable fossil fuels
(C). has resulted in the pollution of our environment, but the world's nonrenewable fossil
fuels are also being depleted
(D). has resulted not only in the pollution of our environment but also in the depletion of the
world's nonrenewable fossil fuels
(E). results in the pollution of our environment as well as the world's nonrenewable fossil
fuels being depleted
31. In context, which of the following sentences would best be inserted immediately before
sentence 5?
(A). The solution is simple.
(B). One approach is legislative.
(C). There are some who disagree.
(D). Progress has proved difficult to measure.
(E). Others stress the need for reform.
32. In context, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 7 (reproduced
below)?
They have cars that run on hydrogen, which produce no pollution at all, and those that run
entirely on electricity.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). They developed
(C). These include
(D). This means
(E). For example,
33. In context, which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of
sentence 12 (reproduced below)?
Still, hybrids are far from ideal.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). After all, hybrids are
(C). Thus, hybrids are
(D). Hybrids, by contrast, are
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(E). Hybrids are likewise
34. In context, which of the following revisions would most improve sentence 15
(reproduced below)?
If a conventional car were similarly streamlined, however, it would get equally good mileage.
(A). Changing "a conventional car" to "conventional cars" and "it" to "they"
(B). Changing "were" to "is" and "would" to "will"
(C). Changing "however" to "they argue"
(D). Inserting "still" immediately before "get"
(E). Deleting "equally"
35. Where is the best place to insert the following sentence?
Moreover, the car's fuel efficiency may have little to do with its hybrid nature.
(A). Immediately before sentence 8
(B). Immediately before sentence 10
(C). Immediately before sentence 11
(D). Immediately before sentence 12
(E). Immediately before sentence 14
1. In the article, it focused on the potential health benefits of chocolate.
(A). In the article, it focused on the potential health benefits of chocolate.
(B). In the article, its focus was the potential health benefits of chocolate.
(C). The article focused on the potential health benefits of chocolate.
(D). The focus of the article was on the potential health benefits of chocolate, and what they
might be.
(E). Chocolate's potential health benefits was what the focus of the article was.
2. The National Film Registry established by Congress in 1988 in an effort to protect the
artistic integrity of motion pictures.
(A). established
(B). having been established
(C). was established
(D). that was established
(E). whose establishment
3. An agricultural innovator, George Washington Carver aided the economy of the late
nineteenth-century South, developed hundreds of uses for crops such as the peanut and
sweet potato.
(A). South, developed
(B). South; his developing
(C). South, which he developed
(D). South by developing
(E). South, he developed
4. Disturbed by a sudden noise, a covey of shrilling, fluttering quail rose from the plain, flew
for a short distance, and then they dropped back to the ground.
(A). distance, and then they dropped
(B). distance, and then dropped
(C). distance to then drop
(D). distance; then it drops
(E). distance; it was then that it dropped
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5. In order to save money and offer competitive ticket prices, meals are no longer being served
on many airlines, even on long flights.
(A). meals are no longer being served on many airlines, even on long flights
(B). meals that are no longer being served by many airlines, even on long flights
(C). even on long flights, meals are not served any longer by many airlines
(D). many airlines, even on long flights, no longer serving meals
(E). many airlines are no longer serving meals, even on long flights
6. Gustave Eiffel is famous not only for building the Eiffel Tower but also for designing the
internal structure of the Statue of Liberty.
(A). building the Eiffel Tower but also for designing
(B). building the Eiffel Tower but also that he designed
(C). building the Eiffel Tower, he also designed
(D). having built the Eiffel Tower and also for designing
(E). having built the Eiffel Tower and also designed
7. Throughout the history of science there have been periods where revolutionary thinkers
questioned traditional assumptions and outdated theories.
(A). where revolutionary thinkers questioned
(B). with revolutionary thinkers questioning
(C). when revolutionary thinkers questioned
(D). when questioning by revolutionary thinkers was of
(E). of when revolutionary thinkers questioned
8. By the end of 1945, Alice, thirty years old but already an expert in the field of family
dynamics, had begun writing her memoirs.
(A). an expert in the field of family dynamics, had begun writing
(B). being an expert in the field of family dynamics, she began writing
(C). as an expert in the field of family dynamics, began to write
(D). because she was an expert in the field of family dynamics she had begun to write
(E). she was an expert in the field of family dynamics, began writing
9. His research has little value; if you review any of his studies, you will find its
documentation inadequate, their conclusions unsupported.
(A). inadequate, their conclusions
(B). inadequate and that their conclusions are
(C). inadequate and its conclusions
(D). is inadequate and its conclusions to be
(E). to be inadequate, its conclusions are
10. While for some people work is pure drudgery, to be endured only because it produces
income, but for others a daily source of personal satisfaction.
(A). but for others
(B). but for others it is
(C). and for others is
(D). for others it is
(E). for others
11. Ancient Greek and Roman literature is rich with folklore and popular beliefs, many
elements of them have counterparts in modern legends.
(A). elements of them have counterparts in
(B). elements of which have counterparts in
(C). elements that have counterparts for
(D). of their elements have counterparts with
(E). of its elements had counterparts in
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12. The hummingbird may appear to be a delicate creature, but its body is proportionately more
muscular than any bird.
(A). more muscular than any bird
(B). more muscular than the other birds
(C). more muscular than that of any other bird
(D). the most muscular compared to that of other birds
(E). the most muscular of any other bird
13. Chimpanzees in western Africa's Tat forest crack nuts by placing them on tree roots and
striking them with stones, a learned behavior probably unique to chimpanzees in that area.
(A). probably unique to
(B). probably unique about
(C). probably it is unique to
(D). that is probably unique with
(E). having probably been unique to
14. The investigator asked my brother and I did either of us notice a white van parked in front
of the house that morning.
(A). I did either of us notice
(B). I have either of us noticed
(C). I whether either of us noticed
(D). me whether either of us had noticed
(E). me did either of us notice
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SET23. 2010. 1.
1. By the beginning of 1755, events are reaching a stage that made war between Britain and
France all but inevitable.
(A). are reaching
(B). will reach
(C). could reach
(D). having reached
(E). had reached
2. The chair of the school board announced a plan to build two new elementary schools during
an interview with a local news reporter.
(A). The chair of the school board announced a plan to build two new elementary schools
during an interview with a local news reporter.
(B). The chair of the school board announced that two new elementary schools were planned
to be built during an interview with a local news reporter.
(C). The chair of the school board, during an interview with a local news reporter, announced
a plan building two new elementary schools.
(D). During an interview with a local news reporter, the chair of the school board announcing
a plan to build two new elementary schools.
(E). During an interview with a local news reporter, the chair of the school board announced a
plan to build two new elementary schools.
3. The new political science curriculum at some high schools in India, encouraging teachers to
use cartoons and newspaper clippings to provoke classroom debate on contemporary
issues.
(A). India, encouraging teachers to use cartoons and newspaper clippings to provoke
(B). India, which encourages teachers to use cartoons and newspaper clippings, and provokes
(C). India is encouraging teachers to use cartoons and newspaper clippings and then
provoking
(D). India encourages teachers to use cartoons and newspaper clippings to provoke
(E). India so encourages teachers to use cartoons and newspaper clippings as provoking
4. The museum experienced a greatly increased number of visitors in one year, and analysts
cited the museum's expansion, free admission, and new family-oriented education center to
be reasons for their appeal.
(A). to be reasons for their
(B). to be a reason for their
(C). as being reasons for their
(D). as reasons for its
(E). as a reason for its
5. Critics often equate the popular appeal of a work of art with inferiority, forgetting that
Shakespeare wrote his extraordinary plays primarily to please his audience.
(A). Critics often equate the popular appeal of a work of art with inferiority, forgetting
(B). Critics often equate the popular appeal of a work of art with inferiority, they forget
(C). Critics, who often equate the popular appeal of a work of art with inferiority, forgetting
(D). Often equating the popular appeal of a work of art with inferiority are critics, they forget
(E). The popular appeal of a work of art often equated by critics as being the same as
inferiority, they forget
6. The beaver is the largest rodent in North America, it has a large, flat, nearly hairless tail;
webbed hind feet; and short front legs with hairy claws.
(A). The beaver is the largest rodent in North America, it
(B). The beaver being the largest rodent in North America, it
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(C). The beaver, the largest rodent in North America, which
(D). The largest rodent in North America, the beaver
(E). The largest rodents in North America, the beaver
7. To persuade his parents to let him study abroad, Kenneth described other students’ positive
experiences, explains how foreign study would benefit his future career, and assured them
that he could get financial aid.
(A). explains how foreign study would benefit his future career, and assured
(B). explained how foreign study would benefit his future career, and assured
(C). explaining how foreign study is beneficial to his future career, and assures
(D). he explained how foreign study would benefit his future career, and assuring
(E). in explaining how foreign study would benefit his future career, and he assures
8. The art classes at the village museum are more important for their social value than for their
educational contributions.
(A). than for their educational contributions
(B). than in the contributions they make educationally
(C). rather than for the contributions they make educationally
(D). instead of for their educational contributions
(E). not the educational contributions they make
9. The vice president of the United States is also the president of the Senate, the vice president
is not a senator and docs not vote on Senate matters except to break a tie.
(A). the vice president is not
(B). the vice president, who is not
(C). however, the vice president, not being
(D). although the vice president is not
(E). and the vice president, who is not
10. Although numbered among the most technically demanding pieces ever created for piano,
Frederic Chopin wrote compositions that emphasize nuance and expressive depth over
mere technical display.
(A). Frederic Chopin wrote compositions that emphasize
(B). Frederic Chopin wrote compositions emphasizing
(C). when Frederic Chopin wrote compositions, they emphasized
(D). Frederic Chopin's compositions that emphasized
(E). Frederic Chopin's compositions emphasize
11. By painting them this afternoon, the walls would be completely dry by tomorrow evening.
(A). By painting them
(B). If they would have been painted
(C). Were they to be painted
(D). After painting them
(E). They would be painted
12. Learning (A) a foreign language is difficult not only because most languages contain (B) an
enormous number of words and because (C) people need to use a language often to become
(D) comfortable with it. No error (E)
13. Nellie Lutcher did not achieve success quickly (A): she had been giving (B) live
performances for over (C) a decade before she will record (D) her first hit song. No error
(E)
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14. Ken Alice N'doye, who earned (A) a reputation as (B) a caterer and then opened her own
bakery, but first (C) learned to cook by preparing (D) food for her own family. No error (E)
15. The introduction of (A) paraffin wax in 1830 enabled (B) candle makers to produce candles
that burned more clean (C) than those made with (D) tallow or beeswax. No error (E)
16. The sculptures of Michael Kapetan function as (A) sundials, kept (B) time by casting (C)
shadows that show (D) the path of the Sun. No error (E)
17. It is (A) now generally agreed that (B) the rings of the planet Saturn are composed of (C)
several (D) billion small ice particles. No error (E)
18. Cuban music was so popular in (A) the Colombian city of Cali thus becoming (B) the basis
for (C) the dance scene that predominated (D) there during the 1940s. No error (E)
19. The X chromosome was named (A) "X" because researchers were baffled by its behavior,
not because (B) of its (C) resemblance to (D) the letter X. No error (E)
20. A big vegetable salad is generally (A) more nutritious than (B) a low-fat pasta dish, but (C)
either meal would be good choices (D) for the health-conscious eater. No error (E)
21. Seventy- five percent of the apples sold in (A) New York City come from the West Coast or
overseas, even though (B) New York State produces more than enough (C) apples to meet
(D) the city's needs. No error (E)
22. Despite (A) the heavy rain, the television reporter, accompanied by her loyal film crew,
were willing (B) to wait (C) outside the hotel until the delegates finished their (D) meeting.
No error (E)
23. The number of travelers which reached (A) the Americas, by accident or design, well before
(B) Columbus is (C) enormous, if we are to believe (D) every claim. No error (E)
24. The people sitting behind me (A) in the movie theater were talking throughout the film and
would (B) not keep their voice (C) down even after being asked to do so (D). No error (E)
25. Of the more than (A) 50 entries in (B) the high school science fair, Sarah's project was (C)
declared more innovative (D) by the panel of six judges. No error (E)
26. Perhaps the most extraordinary (A) feature of the African elephant is (B) their (C)
amazingly (D) versatile trunk. No error (E)
27. Langston Hughes may be best known for (A) his poetry, but (B) included among (C) his
many published works are (D) a sizable collection of short stories. No error (E)
28. In 1988 a Soviet icebreaking ship helped free (A) three gray whales that had become
trapped (B) in the Arctic ice after they had swam (C) into the coastal waters of Alaska to
feed (D). No error (E)
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29. The Bactrian camel is (A) well adapted to the extreme climate of its native Mongolia,
having (B) thick fur and underwool that keeps (C) it warm in winter and also (D) insulate
against summer heat. No error (E)
(1) Over 5,000 years ago, the early Egyptians used the wind to power their sailing ships. (2)
Windmills were invented in Persia in the ninth century, where their first use was to grind grains. (3)
Windmills were later used to pump water and run sawmills. (4) Today, windmills, or wind turbines,
are used primarily to generate electricity, especially in Europe. (5) Another renewable energy
source with many useful applications is solar power.
(6) In recent years, wind power has demonstrated many advantages over conventional power
sources. (7) Because wind power is a renewable resource, it does not deplete Earth’s natural
resources.
(8) Wind power may seem to offer a perfect solution to the world’s increasing need for safe,
clean energy sources. (9) Many people worry that birds, particularly birds of prey, may be harmed
by wind turbines. (10) Some people are also concerned that large wind farms may interrupt birds’
migratory patterns, although they counter that conventional electrical power lines pose much more
of a threat to birds. (11) Also, you have the fields of large wind turbines that are typically placed
on ridgelines in hilly or mountainous regions, where many people feel that they spoil the beauty of
the natural landscape. (12) Finally, because wind is variable even in the windiest locations,
maintaining a steady supply of wind-generated electricity poses a significant challenge.
30. Which of the following sentences would be best to place at the beginning of the
passage—before sentence 1?
(A). People stopped building windmills when steam power replaced wind power as an
economical way of generating energy.
(B). Since ancient times, people have produced flour by using stones to grind grain.
(C). Even in works of fiction, such as Don Quixote de la Mancha, windmills appear.
(D). Sailing ships operate on many of the same principles as windmills.
(E). The harnessing of the wind to generate power for human activity has ancient origins.
31. In context, which of the following is the best way to deal with sentence 5 (reproduced
below)?
Another renewable energy source with many useful applications is solar power.
(A). Change "Another" to "An equally".
(B). Change "with" to "that is known to have".
(C). Change "many useful" to "widespread practical".
(D). Move it to the beginning of the next paragraph.
(E). Delete it from the passage.
32. In context, the second paragraph (sentences 6-7) would be most improved by including
(A). a brief list of reasons why some people prefer conventional power sources to wind power
(B). information on how ancient windmills differed from modern ones
(C). additional examples of advantages that wind power has over conventional power
(D). a list of countries that depend on windmills to produce energy
(E). an account of how windmills are constructed
33. In context, which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence
10 (reproduced below)?
Some people are also concerned that large wind farms may interrupt birds' migratory
patterns, although they counter that conventional electrical power lines pose much more of
a threat to birds.
(A). they would like to argue
(B). their argument for wind power is
(C). the people who were for wind power argued
(D). people in favor of wind power argue
(E). to argue in favor of wind power means
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34. In context, which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence
11 (reproduced below)?
Also, you have the fields of large wind turbines that are typically placed on ridgelines in
hilly or mountainous regions, where many people feel that they spoil the beauty of the
natural landscape.
(A). Fortunately, there are
(B). Granted, there are also
(C). In addition, not everyone welcomes
(D). In this case, the exception is
(E). Alternatively, this points to
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35. In context, where should the following sentence be placed?
It presents problems of its own, however.
(A).
(B).
(C).
(D).
(E).
Before sentence 2
Before sentence 4
Before sentence 8
Before sentence 9
Before sentence 12
1. In the early 1900s, the businessman Abiko Kyutaro envisioned a Japanese American
community rooted in agriculture and encouraged Japanese immigrants to seek success
through farming.
(A). to seek success
(B). that success was sought
(C). seek success
(D). they sought success
(E). they were seeking success
2. Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, published in 1792, being one
of the first texts that addresses women's rights.
(A). published in 1792, being one of the first texts that addresses
(B). published in 1792, was one of the first texts to address
(C). published in 1792 as one of the first texts that address
(D). it was published in 1792, one of the first texts to address
(E). one of the first texts, published in 1792, that addresses
3. In 1882 there were only seven female doctors practicing in France, when in 1903 the
number rising to 95.
(A). when in 1903 the number rising
(B). but by 1903 the number had risen
(C). its number rising in 1903
(D). there in 1903 the number rose
(E). however, in 1903 when the number had risen
4. Frustrated and bored by rambling lectures, Professor Moore's introductory philosophy
course was dropped by many students before the middle of the semester.
(A). Professor Moore's introductory philosophy course was dropped by many students
(B). Professor Moore's introductory philosophy course would be dropped by many students
(C). Professor Moore's introductory philosophy course, having been dropped by many
students,
(D). many students dropping Professor Moore's introductory philosophy course
(E). many students dropped Professor Moore's introductory philosophy course
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5. A promising food source, the winged bean is rich in protein, needs no fertilizer, and even
enriches the soil in which it grows.
(A). enriches the soil in which it grows
(B). enriching the soil where they grow
(C). where they grow they enrich the soil
(D). the soil is enriched where they grow it
(E). the soil in which it grows is enriched, too
6. The dragonfly, like the closely related damselfly, reproduces themselves by laying eggs in
freshwater and then fiercely defends the eggs from predators.
(A). reproduces themselves
(B). reproduce themselves
(C). are reproduced
(D). reproducing
(E). reproduces
7. Some scientists believe that mentally stimulating activities may increase the number of
brain cells available to replace if any are lost through aging.
(A). available to replace if any
(B). available to replace any that
(C). available, which replaces any that
(D). available, replacing if any
(E). available, they replace any which
8. The rescuers reached the skiers, found them apparently unharmed, but they nevertheless
were taken to the hospital for observation.
(A). skiers, found them apparently unharmed, but they nevertheless were taken
(B). skiers, finding them apparently unharmed, and nevertheless taking them
(C). skiers, who were found apparently unharmed, nevertheless taking them
(D). skiers and found them apparently unharmed but nevertheless took them
(E). skiers, apparently found unharmed, but nevertheless were taken
9. Sugar alcohols—sugar substitutes used in various brands of sugar-free chewing gum—do
not cause tooth decay, however, they contain calories.
(A). decay, however, they contain calories
(B). decay, they contain calories though
(C). decay; although they contain calories
(D). decay yet contain calories in them
(E). decay but do contain calories
10. Captive-bred whooping cranes have no parents to teach them migratory habits, this fact
explaining why they must be led on their first migration by humans flying microlight
aircraft.
(A). this fact explaining why they
(B). this means that they
(C). this is why they
(D). so they
(E). they
11. Unlike other predators, which are being studied because their populations are declining,
ecologists are studying coyotes because the coyote population is growing in suburban
areas.
(A). ecologists are studying coyotes
(B). ecologists have been studying coyotes
(C). ecologists, who are studying coyotes
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(D). coyotes are being studied by ecologists
(E). coyotes, being studied by ecologists
12. Increased competition in this market will certainly lower prices, which some economists are
warning that it may also lower the quality of service.
(A). which some economists are warning
(B). however, some economists have warned
(C). but some economists warn
(D). although some economists warning
(E). and some economists who warn
13. One of the earliest of the ancient Greek writers of love poetry, Sappho has had such a
profound influence on later lyric poets that she came to be known as "the tenth Muse."
(A). has had such a profound influence on
(B). has had so profound an influence on
(C). has so profoundly influenced
(D). so profoundly influenced
(E). profoundly influenced
14. The agency reports that by rigorously enforcing state regulations, industrial pollution has
been successfully reduced to acceptable levels.
(A). industrial pollution has been successfully reduced to acceptable levels
(B). acceptable levels of industrial pollution have been successfully reduced
(C). a reduction of industrial pollution to acceptable levels has succeeded
(D). they have succeeded to reduce industrial pollution to acceptable levels
(E). it has succeeded in reducing industrial pollution to acceptable levels
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SET24. 2010. 5.
Section 7
1. Economics is when you study the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and
services.
(A). when you study
(B). what you study about
(C). your studying of
(D). doing a study on
(E). the study of
2.
Whenever Umberto sang in the shower, his voice rings throughout the house.
rings
(A). rings
(B). is ringing
(C). would ring
(D). ringing
(E). has rung
3.
To prepare for Tet, the Vietnamese Lunar New Year celebration, families clean their homes,
buy new clothing, and their debts are paid.
(A). clean their homes, buy new clothing, and their debts are paid
(B). clean their homes, they buy new clothing, and their debts are paid
(C). clean their homes and buy new clothing, also, their debts are paid
(D). clean their homes, buy new clothing, and they pay their debts
(E). clean their homes, buy new clothing, and pay their debts
4.
Fermentation is caused by yeast, which turns sugar and starch into alcohol and carbon
dioxide.
(A). which turns sugar and starch
(B). it turns sugar and starch
(C). by it turning sugar and starch
(D). as sugar and starch turns
(E). sugar and starch are turned
5.
Many of the ships used by oceanographic institutions are small vessels that have outlived the
purpose which they have been built for originally.
(A). vessels that have outlived the purpose which they have been built for originally
(B). vessels that have outlived their original purpose
(C). vessels, and these had outlived their original purpose in being built
(D). vessels, having outlived their original purpose
(E). vessels, they have outlived the purpose for which they were originally built
6.
A slender, razor-toothed hunter that can grow to more than three feet long, the populations of
other fish, amphibians, and even waterfowl can be devastated by the northern pike.
(A). the populations of other fish, amphibians, and even waterfowl can be devastated by the
northern pike
(B). the populations of other fish, amphibians, and even waterfowl that were devastated by
the northern pike
(C). other fish, amphibians, and even waterfowl populations are devastated by the northern
pike
(D). the northern pike, devastating populations of other fish, amphibians, and even waterfowl
(E). the northern pike can devastate the populations of other fish, amphibians, and even
waterfowl
7.
Since civilization began, some cities have been built according to a deliberate plan, whereas
others have developed naturally.
(A). some cities have been built
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(B).
(C).
(D).
(E).
some cities being built
cities that have been built
there has been cities built
they have built some cities
8.
The investors wanted to know did the company make a profit in the last quarter of the
previous year.
(A). did the company make
(B). has the company made
(C). had the company made
(D). if the company has made
(E). whether the company had made
9.
New data showing that Saturn’s rings were probably orbiting the planet billions of years ago,
overturning scientists’ earlier belief that the rings are only about 100 million years old.
(A). New data showing that Saturn’s rings were probably orbiting the planet billions of years
ago, overturning
(B). New data show that Saturn’s rings were probably orbiting the planet billions of years
ago, overturning
(C). New data that show that Saturn’s rings probably orbited the planet billions of years ago,
overturning
(D). New data that show that Saturn’s rings probably orbited the planet billions of years ago,
and overturn
(E). Having shown that Saturn’s rings were probably orbiting the planet billions of years ago,
new data that overturn
10. My father insists that before buying a used car, have it thoroughly inspected by a reputable
mechanic.
(A). buying a used car, have it
(B). buying a used car, it is
(C). buying a used car, I have it
(D). I buy a used car to have it
(E). I buy a used car having it
11. August Wilson’s Pittsburgh Cycle consists of ten plays, nine of which are set in Pittsburgh’s
Hill District, an African American neighborhood, and each of which is set in a different
decade of the twentieth century.
(A). nine of which are set in Pittsburgh’s Hill District, an African American neighborhood,
and each of which is set
(B). nine of them are set in Pittsburgh’s Hill District, an African American neighborhood,
and each one of them are set
(C). nine of them being set in Pittsburgh’s Hill District, an African American neighborhood,
each of them is set
(D). nine of the plays are set in Pittsburgh’s Hill District, an African American neighborhood,
and the settings of each one is
(E). nine set in Pittsburgh’s Hill District, an African American neighborhood, and each have
their setting
12. In addition (A) to cutting hair, barbers in Europe during (B) the Middle Ages had the special
functions of (C) performing surgery and they pulled (D) teeth. No error (E)
13. We had (A) initially planned to (B) remove all of the old furniture from the storage area, but
(C) we decided against doing so because it would have took (D) too much time. No error (E)
14. Until (A) zones were standardized in the United States, each railway station will have (B) to
keep several clocks, each showing (C) the time of day according to (D) a different railroad
company. No error (E)
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15. For (A) the tourist which must travel (B) on a restricted budget, the publisher of the
guidebook has included (C) a list of (D) inexpensive hotels. No error (E)
16. After the grueling (A) rehearsal, the pianist felt wore (B) out and wanted only (C) to sleep
(D). No error (E)
17. Grapes, mangoes, and oranges are widely considered (A) delicious fruits, but it is (B) in fact
(C) the banana that is shown by many surveys to be the more popular (D) fruit in the world.
No error (E)
18. A study by two marketing professors have found (A) that the best way for a newspaper to
increase (B) profits is (C) to spend more of its (D) budget on improving news coverage. No
error (E)
19. The governor favored the new laws because (A) it would (B) allow (C) the state to save more
than (D) ten million dollars. No error (E)
20. One way in which orchestra bells differ with (A) the xylophone is that the bells produce (B)
more resonant (C) tones than (D) the xylophone does. No error (E)
21. Endangered (A) for decades by hunting (B) and the use of pesticides, the bald eagle, with its
(C) snowy-feathered head and white tail, are now (D) making a comeback. No error (E)
22. Poets during the Romantic period felt more freely (A) to express (B) emotions in their
writing (C) than did (D) poets of the Victorian period. No error (E)
23. The success of (A) the governor in attracting (B) new industry to the rural area can be
attributed (C) to their (D) low cost of living. No error (E)
24. Many of (A) the senator’s speeches, which were enthusiastically received (B) by the large
crowds that (C) came to see him, addressed an important topic (D), including health care and
global warming. No error (E)
25. This biography, with its myriad (A) quotations from unnamed sources, is (B) as blatant an
example (C) of character assassination of any (D) I have ever seen. No error (E)
26. It is believed (A) that small fish cluster together when confronted (B) by a predator in order
to confuse them (C) and thereby protect (D) themselves from harm. No error (E)
27. Recently (A) adopted as (B) an emblem of humanitarian aid, the Red Crystal is, unlike its
counterparts (C) the Red Cross and the Red Crescent, entirely devoid of (D) religious
connotation. No error (E)
28. Prior to (A) the election of Henry Cisneros as mayor of (B) San Antonio in 1981, no major
city in the United States had had (C) a mayor from Mexican descent (D). No error (E)
29. French mountain honey made (A) from linden blossoms, which are sometimes called (B)
“lime blossoms,” have (C) a distinctively (D) citrus flavor. No error (E)
(1) When people describe me as “determined” or “tenacious,” I know they really mean that I
am a truly stubborn person. (2) I first recognize that I am a very stubborn person when I was in
grade school and wanted to be able to juggle like my big brother. (3) He taught himself to juggle
and by the age of six could juggle three balls perfectly. (4) My brother went in for juggling, as
though he had been born with exceptional eye-hand coordination.
(5) I, on the other hand, seemingly had no natural juggling ability. (6) But I wouldn’t give up.
(7) I practiced endlessly, and slowly I began to get better. (8) Juggling just didn’t come easily to
me the way it had to my brother. (9) Eventually my stubbornness paid off.
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(10) Throughout my life, though, I have been criticized for this very quality. (11) I am aware
that what I see as determination, they sometimes see as a lack of realism. (12) My high school
friends, for instance, thought I was overly optimistic because I was determined that I would
someday play guitar in a rock band. (13) They recognized, as I did, that I was a mediocre guitarist.
(14) I almost came to believe that my goal was unrealistic, but I wouldn’t give up. (15) In the end,
my improvement was modest, and I never did join a band, but I don’t regret my efforts. (16)
Nevertheless, I can play a few songs, which is more than my brother can do.
30. In context, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 2 (reproduced
below)?
I first recognize that I am a very stubborn person when I was in grade school and wanted to
be able to juggle like my big brother.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). In fact, I first recognize that I am a very stubborn person
(C). I first recognized that he was a very stubborn person
(D). I first recognized this trait in myself
(E). The first time I recognize it is
31. In context, which of the following would best replace “went in for” in sentence 4?
(A). had a talent for
(B). has what it takes for
(C). had been good at
(D). would be good at
(E). will have a knack for
32. In context, which would be best to do with sentence 8 (reproduced below)?
Juggling just didn’t come easily to me the way it had to my brother.
(A). Leave it as it is.
(B). Make it the first sentence of the passage.
(C). Insert it immediately after sentence 5.
(D). Delete “easily”.
(E). Change “my brother” to “him”.
33. In context, which revision would most improve sentence 11 (reproduced below)?
I am aware that what I see as determination, they sometimes see as a lack of realism.
(A). Change “I am aware” to “I notice”.
(B). Change “what I see” to “the quality that I know”.
(C). Change “they” to “other people”.
(D). Delete “sometimes”.
(E). Add “in me” after “realism”.
34. In context, which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 16
(reproduced below)?
Nevertheless, I can play a few songs, which is more than my brother can do.
(A). Even still, I can
(B). At least I can
(C). He can, nevertheless,
(D). They can at least
(E). However, I can
35. In context, which would be the best place to insert the following sentence?
I took guitar lessons and practiced day and night.
(A). After sentence 4
(B). After sentence 7
(C). After sentence 10
(D). After sentence 14
(E). After sentence 15
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Section 10
1. Billie Holiday is considered by many the greatest jazz vocalist of all time, even being that her
career was relatively short and often erratic.
(A). even being that
(B). even although
(C). even though
(D). although that
(E). although seeing how
2.
After the Soviet Union blockaded all access to West Berlin in June 1948, three nations sent
airplanes to the city, which were loaded with much-needed food and supplies.
(A). airplanes to the city, which were loaded with much-needed food and supplies
(B). airplanes loaded with much-needed food and supplies to the city
(C). airplanes, they were loaded for the city with much-needed food and supplies
(D). to the city food and supplies that were much needed and it was loaded in airplanes
(E). food and supplies, this was much needed and loaded in airplanes to the city
3.
The reason many people are careless in driving is because of their too easily being distracted
by what is happening around them.
(A). are careless in driving is because of their too easily being
(B). as drivers being careless is that it is too easy for them to be
(C). are careless while driving is the ease of one’s being
(D). lack care while driving is their too easily being
(E). drive carelessly is that they are too easily
4.
No one was more pleased than I when we heard that Maria was offered the job that she had
worked so hard to obtain.
(A). No one was more pleased than I
(B). No one took more pleasure than me
(C). Nobody who was more pleased than I was
(D). No one, compared to me, being more pleased
(E). None being more pleased than I
5.
In some places the sea is unusually rich in nutrients, tiny plants multiply there, turning the
water green.
(A). In some places the sea is unusually rich in nutrients, tiny plants multiply there
(B). Where the sea is unusually rich in nutrients, tiny plants multiply
(C). The unusual nutritional richness of the sea in some places multiplying tiny plants
(D). Unusually rich in nutrients in some places, where tiny plants multiply in parts of the sea
(E). Tiny plants multiplying in the unusual nutritional richness of the sea
6.
Spanning the middle of Turkey, travelers have for centuries been captivated by the inland
region known as Cappadocia, with its fantastic moonlike landscape.
(A). travelers have for centuries been captivated by the inland region known as Cappadocia,
with its fantastic moonlike landscape
(B). travelers have been captivated for centuries by the inland region known as Cappadocia
and by its fantastic moonlike landscape
(C). the inland region known as Cappadocia has captivated travelers for centuries with its
fantastic moonlike landscape
(D). the fantastic moonlike landscape of the inland region known as Cappadocia, which has
captivated travelers for centuries
(E). having captivated travelers for centuries, the inland region known as Cappadocia, with
its fantastic moonlike landscape
7.
Neither candidate was inclined to avoid a verbal scuffle or to forgo a little publicity.
(A). or to forgo
(B). or forgoing
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(C). or having forgone
(D). and never forgoing
(E). and they did not forgo
8.
Evidence from several research studies have suggested that while all exercise has a positive
effect on people’s moods, exercise performed out of doors brings the greatest psychological
benefits.
(A). have suggested that while
(B). suggests that while
(C). suggesting that while
(D). suggest that
(E). that suggest
9.
People contribute to the disintegration and decomposition of rocks by excavating roads and
tunnels, by mining, and by cultivating the land.
(A). by cultivating
(B). in cultivating
(C). cultivating
(D). in their cultivation of
(E). by the cultivation of
10. In some species of birds, such as the peafowl, the plumage of the male is more colorful and
more variegated than the female.
(A). than the female
(B). than are the females
(C). than that of the female
(D). compared to the female
(E). compared with the females
11. All of these cats have a kink in their tail.
(A). All of these cats have a kink in their tail.
(B). All of these cats have a kink in its tail.
(C). Each of these cats has a kink in its tail.
(D). Each of these cats has a kink in their tails.
(E). Each of these cats have kinks in their tails.
12. Despite writing more than 1,700 poems, only seven were published during Emily Dickinson’s
lifetime.
(A). only seven were published during Emily Dickinson’s
(B). they only published seven during Emily Dickinson’s
(C). seven of them were the only ones published during Emily Dickinson’s
(D). Emily Dickinson published only seven during her
(E). of them only seven had Emily Dickinson published during her
13. Rachel Carson’s groundbreaking book Silent Spring describes how poisons such as DDT
accumulate in plants and animals, enter rivers and lakes, and threatening the balance of
nature.
(A). enter rivers and lakes, and threatening the balance of nature
(B). they enter rivers and lakes, and threaten the balance of nature
(C). they are entering rivers and lakes, and threaten the balance of nature
(D). how they enter rivers and lakes, and how they threaten the balance of nature
(E). enter rivers and lakes, and how the balance of nature is threatened
14. Giraffes have a distinct way of walking, they move both right legs forward and then both left
legs.
(A). walking, they move both right legs
(B). walking, which move both right legs
(C). walking, both its right legs move
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(D). walking: they move both right legs
(E). walking; moving both right legs
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SET25. 2010. 10.
Section 5
1. Hoping to capture some of her experiences growing up in the Himalayas, Kiran Desai
decided setting her second novel in the mountain town of Kalimpong, where she spent time
as a child.
(A). decided setting
(B). decided to set
(C). decides setting
(D). in deciding to set
(E). having decided to set
2. Although she spoke only Chinese at the time and had to memorize her English lines
phonetically, Gong Li gave a memorable performance in the film Memoirs of a Geisha.
(A). Gong Li gave a memorable performance in the film Memoirs of a Geisha
(B). Gong Li, giving a memorable performance in the film Memoirs of a Geisha
(C). Gong Li, whose performance in the film Memoirs of a Geisha was memorably given
(D). but the performance in the Film Memoirs of a Geisha given by Gong Li was memorable
(E). the film Memoirs of a Geisha had a memorable performance, it was given by Gong Li
3. One might expect global warming to cause plants to bloom earlier in the spring, but a recent
study has shown that plants in northern latitudes blooming later as the planet warms.
(A). that plants in northern latitudes blooming later
(B). that plants in northern latitudes they are blooming later
(C). that plants in northern latitudes are blooming later
(D). plants in northern latitudes their having bloomed later
(E). plants in northern latitudes that bloomed more later
4. Academic success in college is usually related to good study strategies, which include
establishing a daily routine, arranging a comfortable place to work, and to take regular
breaks.
(A). to take regular breaks
(B). take regular breaks
(C). taking regular breaks
(D). breaks being regularly taken
(E). to take breaks regularly
5. This morning, just as the professor was leaving for his lecture tour, a panel of distinguished
scientists had issued a report confirming his most recent findings.
(A). had issued a report confirming
(B). issued a report confirming
(C). issued a report to confirm of
(D). had issued a report, and they confirm
(E). has issued a report to confirm
6. While living in New York City, the speed and convenience of the subway system was
something I came to appreciate.
(A). the speed and convenience of the subway system was something I came to appreciate
(B). the subway system's speed and convenience were things I came to appreciate
(C). its speed and convenience were things I came to appreciate about the subway system
(D). I came to appreciate the speed and convenience being had by the subway system
(E). I came to appreciate the speed and convenience of the subway system
7. Angel DeCora began studying art at Smith College at a time when few Native American
artists were receiving formal training in the European tradition.
(A). few Native American artists were receiving formal training
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(B).
(C).
(D).
(E).
few Native American artists, who received formal training
few Native American artists having been formally trained
formal training would have been received by few Native American artists
formal training was received by few Native American artists
8. An oversized men's suit popular in the late 1930s and 1940s, it was known as the zoot suit,
was a declaration of rebellious self-assertion for its wearers.
(A). it was known as the zoot suit.
(B). the zoot suit, which
(C). they knew it as the zoot suit, it
(D). the zoot suit, it
(E). the zoot suit
9. The part of Cyrano de Bergerac earned Jose Ferrer both the Tony and the Academy Awards,
considered his finest role.
(A). The part of Cyrano de Bergerac earned Jose Ferrer both the Tony and the Academy
Awards, considered his finest role.
(B). The part of Cyrano de Bergerac, it is considered his finest role, earned Jose Ferrer both
the Tony and the Academy Awards.
(C). The part, considered his finest role, of Cyrano de Bergerac, earning Jose Ferrer both the
Tony and the Academy Awards.
(D). Considered his finest role, the part of Cyrano de Bergerac earned Jose Ferrer both the
Tony and the Academy Awards.
(E). Considered his finest role, Jose Ferrer won both the Tony and the Academy Awards for
the part of Cyrano de Bergerac.
10. Although people have become much better informed about the possible dangers of exposure
to ultraviolet radiation in tanning beds, use of the beds has declined very little during the
past five years.
(A). Although people have become much better informed
(B). Although now much better informed
(C). Although having now become much better informed
(D). Despite people have much belter information
(E). Despite their having much better information
11. John and Bob had been friends since kindergarten because he was good at soccer and ready
to laugh at any joke.
(A). kindergarten because he was good at soccer
(B). kindergarten because they were not only good soccer players
(C). kindergarten because each was good at soccer
(D). kindergarten, being not only good soccer players
(E). kindergarten, they were both good at soccer
12. The intricately carved details on (A) the pillars that support the balcony is (B) even more (C)
beautiful than the balcony itself (D). No error (E)
13. Since the liny Republic of San Marino has an area of (A) only 24 square miles plus being
(B) completely surrounded by (C) Italy, few people are even aware (D) of its existence. No
error (E)
14. The toys were made so poor (A) that most parents avoided (B) purchasing them (C) despite
the low prices at which (D) the items were advertised. No error (E)
15. What was (A) most apparent at the food science convention was (B) the industry’s
continuing emphasizing on (C) health-promoting ingredients (D). No error (E)
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16. Recently, biologists studying (A) the calls of chickadees discovered (B) that the birds’
warning songs signal (C) not only the presence as well as (D) the size the nearby predators.
No error (E)
17. Although polls showed that many voters felt sympathetic toward (A) the embattled
politician, he or she (B) voted him (C) out of office in (D) the next election. No error (E)
18. Had I known that the line to get into the movie would be (B) so long, I would of (C) left
earlier to get to the theater or bought (D) my ticket online. No error (E)
19. People sharing (A) housing with others often find that (B) cooking and cleaning are a
difficult task (C) to coordinate, especially when (D) housemates have very different
schedules. No error (E)
20. The reason the mammal is the dominant (A) life form in such a (B) wide range of habitats
is its (C) ability to maintain a steady internal body temperature in practically any (D)
environment. No error (E)
21. Some types of algae have (A) so high (B) an oil content that (C) scientists are seeking
cost-effective ways to extract this oil and converted (D) it into biodiesel or jet fuel. No
error (E)
22. African gray parrots are particularly (A) noted for their cognitive abilities, which are
believed to have (B) evolved as a (C) consequence of its history (D) of cooperative feeding
on the ground. No error (E)
23. Its settlement (A) of the strike demonstrated that (B) the company can maintain (C) strong
labor relations, treat its employees well, while still making (D) a reasonable profit. No error
(E)
24. Elizabeth Ellet is best known (A) for her historical accounts that focus on (B) ordinary lives,
especially that of (C) women, rather than (D) on larger political and socioeconomic events.
No error (E)
25. The visual quality of the silent movies produced (A) during (B) the 1920s were (C) often
extremely (D) high. No error (E)
26. Before the election, there was a long period of (A) disagreement among my friends and I
(B), because we (C) all had conflicting opinions from which (D) we would not be swayed.
No error (E)
27. Amusement parks, particularly (A) those featuring (B) water rides, are a fun place (C) for
families to visit (D) during the hot summer months. No error (E)
28. Despite its (A) dry climate, the ancient city of Petra had about (B) 30,000 residents; this
astonishing (C) dense population was made possible only by (D) a cleverly designed water
supply system. No error (E)
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29. Researchers began to suspect that (A) fatty acids in fish might have a protective effect when
(B) they observed that the frequency of heart disease among populations subsisting mainly
on (C) fish were (D) surprisingly low. No error (E)
(1) Over the last decade or so, organic food—food grown without artificial fertilizers or
pesticides—has become extremely popular. (2) In 2006 organic food sales in the United States
alone reached $17 billion. (3) This figure is rather surprising when you consider that organic food
is often much more expensive than conventionally grown food. (4) Organic fruits and vegetables
can cost as much as 40 percent more than conventionally grown produce. (5) Many people
believe that the extra cost is justified because it is more healthful than conventionally grown food.
(6) This belief, however, is not totally supported by the evidence.
(7) Many proponents of organic food argue that artificial fertilizers and pesticides are harmful
to human health and that people should therefore consume only food that has been grown without
them. (8) While this is certainly a valid point, consumers can reduce their exposure to at least
some of these chemicals by peeling or thoroughly washing produce. (9) They also argue that
organically grown produce is more nutritious. (10) Some studies do, in fact, show that organic
produce may initially be more nutritious than conventional produce, but other research suggests
that storing and shipping may negate any initial nutritional advantage. (11) An organic apple
shipped 2,000 miles and then left to sit on a grocery store shelf for two weeks may well have
fewer vitamins than does a freshly picked conventionally grown apple.
(12) However, one argument for organic food is indisputable. (13) It is that organic food is
better for the environment. (14) The reason for this is that farms that grow organic food use less
energy and leave soils in better condition than on conventional farms.
30. In context, which of the following is the best revision of the underlined portion of sentence
4 (reproduced below)?
Organic fruits and vegetables can cost as much as 40 percent more than conventionally
grown produce.
(A). By comparison, organic fruits and vegetables
(B). But organic fruits and vegetables
(C). Indeed, organic fruits and vegetables
(D). This explains why organic fruits and vegetables
(E). Despite this difference, organic fruits and vegetables
31. In context, which of the following phrases would most effectively replace the words "it is"
in sentence 5 (reproduced below)?
Many people believe that the extra cost is justified because it is more healthful than
conventionally grown food.
(A). it has been shown to be
(B). they think that it is
(C). fruits and vegetables are
(D). organically grown food is
(E). such produce must be
32. In context, which of the following revisions to sentence 9 (reproduced below) is most
needed?
They also argue that organically grown produce is more nutritious.
(A). Begin the sentence with "To the contrary,".
(B). Replace "They" with "Proponents".
(C). Change "argue" to "have argued".
(D). Replace "more" with "twice as".
(E). Add "by comparison" after "nutritious".
33. Which of the following, if placed at the beginning of sentence 11 (reproduced below),
would most effectively link it to sentence 10?
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An organic apple shipped 2.000 miles and then left to sit on a grocery store shelf for two
weeks may well have fewer vitamins than does a freshly picked conventionally grown
apple.
(A). Even so,
(B). Despite such findings,
(C). Other research, however, suggests that
(D). As expected, they found that
(E). For instance,
34. In context, which of the following is the best way to revise and combine sentences 13 and
14 (reproduced below)?
It is that organic food is better for the environment. The reason for this is that farms that
grow organic food use less energy and leave soils in better condition than on conventional
farms.
(A). Organic food is better for the environment, by organic farms producing food that uses
less energy and leaves soils in better condition than conventional farms.
(B). Because organic farms used less energy and left soils in better condition than
conventional farms did, organic food was better for the environment.
(C). Compared to conventional farms, which used more energy and left soils in worse
condition, the food grown on organic farms was better for the environment.
(D). Organic food is better for the environment because organic farms use less energy than
conventional ones and leave soils in better condition.
(E). Being that organic food is grown on farms that use less energy and leave soils in better
condition than conventional farms, so it is better for the environment.
35. Which would make the best concluding sentence for the passage?
(A). Nevertheless, supermarkets are devoting increasingly more space to the display of
organic foodstuffs.
(B). Ultimately, whether organic food's lower environmental impact continues to justify its
higher cost will be decided by the consumer.
(C). And, as the cost of energy derived from conventional fuels rises, alternative sources will
become economically viable.
(D). As an added benefit, when one sort of pollution is reduced, support for sound
environmental practices grows.
(E). Still, the issue will not be resolved until the government clearly indicates what is
"organic" and what is not.
Section 10
1. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson learned French so that she could study medicine at the
Sorbonne in Paris; in 1870 her degree was received, she returned to practice medicine in
Britain.
(A). her degree was received, she
(B). her degree was received by her who
(C). she received her degree and
(D). she received her degree,
(E). receiving her degree,
2. The foundation planning to bring together scholars and industrial experts to evaluate new
approaches to manufacturing and trade efficiency.
(A). The foundation planning
(B). The foundation is planning
(C). The foundation, which plans
(D). Planning for the foundation
(E). As planned, the foundation
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3. Recalling how difficult it is to park a car at the airport, our decision was taking the train.
(A). our decision was taking the train
(B). our decision was to take the train
(C). we decided to take the train
(D). taking the train is what we decided to do
(E). it was our decision to take the train
4. The Australian apple moth had never been seen in the continental United States before last
February, when one has been found by a scientist in California.
(A). when one has been
(B). when one was
(C). one was then
(D). one has been
(E). and when one was
5. The recent discovery that microbes can survive in extremely hostile environments on Earth
have fueled speculation by some scientists that life may exist under similarly harsh
conditions on other planets.
(A). have fueled
(B). fueling
(C). have been fueling
(D). has fueled
(E). having fueled
6. A rapid transit system, though often costly, can be a practical solution to growing urban
traffic congestion.
(A). though often costly
(B). while it is often being costly
(C). often in spite of their costliness
(D). even though they often cost a lot
(E). although it often has a lot of cost
7. Agreeing upon it beforehand, the new municipal budget passed with little opposition when
it was put before the city council.
(A). Agreeing upon it beforehand.
(B). They agreed upon it beforehand, therefore
(C). It being agreed upon beforehand, so
(D). Having been agreed upon beforehand,
(E). Due to agreeing upon it beforehand,
8. Whereas the participating candidates described the debate as vigorous, to some members of
the audience it seemed downright hostile.
(A). to some members of the audience it seemed
(B). but to some members of the audience it seemed
(C). and it seemed to some members of the audience
(D). and seemed to some members of the audience
(E). seeming to some members of the audience
9. Running outdoors burns about five percent more calories than if you are running on a
treadmill, in part this is because there is greater wind resistance outdoors.
(A). if you are running on a treadmill, in pail this is because there is
(B). if you run on a treadmill, in part because of the
(C). when running on a treadmill, in part because of the
(D). running on a treadmill, which is in part because of the
(E). running on a treadmill, in part because there is
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10. Played with a soccer ball and peach baskets, the first basketball game took place in 1891 in
Springfield, Massachusetts, with William Chase scoring the only point.
(A). took place in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, with William Chase scoring the only
point
(B). taking place in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts and William Chase scoring the only
point
(C). was held in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1891, William Chase scored the only point
(D). was held in Springfield, Massachusetts and, scoring the only point, was William Chase in
1891
(E). was in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts with the only point that was scored by William
Chase
11. I had never encountered such arrogance before, I did not know how to react.
(A). I had never encountered
(B). I never encountered
(C). Never had I encountered
(D). Never having encountered
(F). Never did 1 encounter
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12. Tornadoes form when large air masses of different temperatures collide, which results from
either a change in the direction or the speed of the wind.
(A). collide, which results from either a change in
(B). collide, resulting either from a change in
(C). collide as the result of a change in either
(D). have collided either as the result of a change in
(E). colliding results from either a change to
13. Speaking about her meteoric rise from the mail room to the boardroom, the audience was
captivated by the executive’s description of her long career.
(A). the audience was captivated by the executive’s
(B). the audience were captive to the executive’s
(C). captivating the audience with the executive’s
(D). the executive who captivated the audience by her
(E). the executive captivated the audience with her
14. Hubble's law has great significance not only because it describes the expansion of the
universe, it can also be used to calculate the age of the cosmos.
(A). universe, it can also
(B). universe, but it can
(C). universe, but it also can
(D). universe but also because it can
(E). universe but because it also can
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SET26. 2011. 1.
1.
Below the bend, the river, flowing more swiftly, as it cuts through sand hills covered with
pine trees.
(A). river, flowing more swiftly, as it cuts
(B). river, flowing more swiftly, cutting
(C). river flows more swiftly and it is cutting
(D). river flows more swiftly as it cuts
(E). river flows more swiftly, it cuts
2.
Although the Milky Way Galaxy is now two and a half million light-years away from the
Andromeda Galaxy, but it is predicted by scientists that the two galaxies will merge into one
in a few billion years.
(A). but it is predicted by scientist that
(B). but scientists predict
(C). scientists who predict
(D). scientists predicting
(E). scientists predict that
3.
After receiving a degree in agriculture from Iowa State Agricultural and Mechanical College,
a faculty position at the college was accepted by George Washington Carver, and he took
charge of the college greenhouses.
(A). a faculty position at the college was accepted by George Washington Carver, and he
took
(B). a faculty position at the college was accepted by George Washington Carver, he took
(C). George Washington Carver accepted a faculty position at the college and took
(D). George Washington Carver, accepting a position on the faculty at the college, taking
(E). George Washington Carver, who accepted a faculty position at the college and took
4.
Although Debussy and Ravel are generally considered an impressionist composer, their
compositional styles are quite distinct from one another.
(A). an impressionist composer, their compositional styles are
(B). to be an impressionist composer, their compositional style is
(C). as having been impressionist composers, their compositional style is
(D). impressionist composers, their compositional styles are
(E). impressionist composers, whose compositional styles are
5.
The underside of the starfish is covered with hundreds of tube feet, which it uses to walk
around, for attaching tightly to rocks, and holding on to prey.
(A). to walk around, for attaching tightly to rocks, and holding
(B). to walk around, for its tight attachment to rocks, and to hold
(C). for walking around, to attach tightly to rocks, and holding
(D). for walking around, attacking tightly to rocks, and holding
(E). for walking around, it can also attach tightly to rocks and hold
6.
In 1853 African American residents founded the San Francisco Athenaeum; its library and
museum served as the hub of Black intellectual life in the region.
(A). its library and museum served
(B). its library and museum, they served
(C). their library and museum serving
(D). the library and museum will be to serve
(E). the library and the museum of it serving
7.
Television weather forecasters sometimes overdramatize the severity of an approaching
snowstorm, cause segments of their audience unnecessary anxiety.
(A). cause
(B). which cause
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(C). causing
(D). they cause
(E). yet caused
8.
Were I to be granted a whole month in which to do whatever I wanted, I would travel
throughout Africa and see as much of that continent as I could.
(A). Were I to be granted
(B). If I would have been granted
(C). With me being granted
(D). Granting me
(E). By being granted
9.
Only after reading it carefully several times was the poem beginning to make sense to me.
(A). was the poem beginning to make sense to me
(B). was when I began to make sense of the poem
(C). I began making sense of the poem
(D). did the poem begin making sense to me
(E). did I begin to make sense of the poem
10. He presented himself before the judge, knowing full well that he was guilty yet hoping for
leniency.
(A). yet hoping
(B). yet he hoped
(C). and he hoped
(D). and yet hoped
(E). and he was hoping
11. They had never before been in a museum with such an extensive collection, they had a
difficult time deciding how to make the most of the limited time they could spend there.
(A). They had never before been
(B). They never before were
(C). Never before had they been
(D). Never before having been
(E). Because of never before being
12. Unlike (A) bears and some other carnivorous animals that can survive (B) on plants when
meat is scarce (C), wild cats must capture prey or to go (D) hungry. No error (E)
13. When a steel mill is shut down because its (A) production methods have become (B)
antiquated, what is lost is not only (C) jobs and also (D) a piece of industrial history. No error
(E)
14. At least one course in statistics is recommended for them (A) who plan to become (B)
journalists, because they will often need to evaluate whether information based on (C)
statistics is dependable (D). No error (E)
15. Coffee tastes bitterly (A) and gives off a burned (B) smell if it is overheated (C) or brewed
for too long (D). No error (E)
16. The Crenshaw melon, named after (A) the person which developed (B) it, is (C) a cross
between (D) a cantaloupe and a honeydew melon. No error (E)
17. Few people could have guessed as they watch (A) Anna win the tennis match with apparent
(B) ease, how pessimistic (C) she had been about her chances of beating (D) her opponent.
No error (E)
18. While many people believe (A) that television commercials are quite harmful to children,
others (B) counted that such (C) advertising has very little or no (D) negative effect. No error
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(E)
19. The European magpie, a bird well known for (A) their tendency (B) to steal shiny objects, is
common in (C) European folklore, with many (D) superstitions surrounding it. No error (E)
20. Maxine Hong Kingston’s surprisingly (A) unconventional book The Woman Warrior blends
(B) Chinese myth with American reality, fiction with fact, and (C) memory with imagination
to create (D) a fascinating tale. No error (E)
21. Ancient documents wrote on (A) vellum, a form of fine parchment made of animal hides,
must be stored under carefully (B) controlled conditions because changes in humidity (C) can
be damaging (D). No error (E)
22. The aquatic weed called “giant salvinia,” which grows far more rapidly than (A) do plants
native (B) to the lakes it infests (C), threaten (D) many freshwater ecosystems. No error (E)
23. If it is (A) confirmed experimentally (B), the theories of Lisa Randall and Raman Sundrum
will be among (C) the greatest (D) advances in physics of the past few decades. No error (E)
24. One of the most visible (A) symbols of increased (B) European unity is (C) the Chunnel, a
31-mile tunnel beneath the English Channel that took six years to complete (D). No error (E)
25. In his lecture on improving (A) the health of children, Dr. Hernandez expressed the opinion
that (B) kids should spend (C) less time in his or her room (D) and more time outdoors. No
error (E)
26. The accelerating pace of both science and technology have forced (A) many people to
consider (B) questions that formerly (C) were the (D) special domain of philosophers. No
error (E)
27. Most fashion designers agree (A) that diligence, creativity, and a keen understanding of (B)
popular tastes are a requirement (C) for sustained success in their (D) profession. No error
(E)
28. The bright orange and black wings of the monarch butterfly warns (A) predators that (B) the
insect is (C) toxic if eaten (D). No error (E)
29. Interest to revive (A) the ancient Olympic Games as (B) an international event grew when (C)
the ruins of the ancient city of Olympia were uncovered (D) by German archaeologists in the
mid-nineteenth century. No error (E)
(1)The invention of the bicycle in the nineteenth century did more than give people a new
kind of transportation: it triggered social changes, especially for women.
(2)The earliest bicycles had been difficult to ride and dangerous. (3) In the 1890s the “safety
bicycle” with gears, pedals, and reasonably reliable brakes, was introduced and began to be
mass-produced. (4) The improved bicycle caught on quickly as Europe and the United States
experienced a cycling craze.
(5) The wide availability of a relatively inexpensive mode of transportation had a particularly
dramatic impact on the lives of women. (6) Women had traditionally been much less mobile than
men. (7) Women’s enthusiastic adoption of the bicycle was such a notable social phenomenon that
the bicycle came to be associated with the new “emancipated woman.” (8)Suffragists, who
campaigned for women’s right to vote, dubbed the bicycle a “freedom machine” for women.
(9) According to one estimate, there are over a billion bicycles in use worldwide today.
(10)The idea of riding a bicycle might not seem very radical today, but in the nineteenth century a
bicycle-riding woman was defying many stereotypes. (11) For one thing, the bicycle is powered
by the rider’s own muscles. (12) Medical authorities had long claimed that “ladies” were naturally
delicate and could not tolerate physical exertion without becoming ill. (13) All of sudden, women
are exercising vigorously, pedaling their bicycles without showing any signs of harm. (14)
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Bicycling required less constricting clothing than most women had in the nineteenth century. (15)
Instead of the voluminous skirts then in fashion, these cyclists adopted the “Bloomer suit,” named
for its inventor Amelia Bloomer: loose-fitting pants that gathered at the ankles, worn under a
knee-length skirt.
30. In context, which would be the best revision of the underlined part of sentence 3 (reproduced
below)?
In the 1890s the “safety bicycle” with gears, pedals, and reasonably reliable brakes, was
introduced and began to be mass-produced.
(A). In turn, during the 1890s,
(B). During the 1890s, however
(C). As a matter of fact, it was during the 1890s that
(D). Despite these issues in the 1890s,
(E). Significantly, only during the 1890s
31. Which of following is the most effective way to combine sentence 5 and 6 (reproduced below)
at the underlined part?
The wide availability of a relatively inexpensive mode of transportation had a particularly
dramatic impact on the lives of women. Women had traditionally been much less mobile than
men.
(A). women’s lives that
(B). women’s lives because they
(C). women, their lives
(D). the lives of women, who
(E). the lives of women, although they
32. In context, which is best to do with sentence 9 (reproduced below)?
According to one estimate, there are over a billion bicycles in use worldwide today.
(A). Make it the first sentence of the passage.
(B). Connect it with sentence 10 using a semicolon.
(C). Add “for example” after “According to one estimate”.
(D). Make it the last sentence of the passage.
(E). Delete it from the passage.
33. In context, which of the following is best to do with sentence 13 (reproduced below)?
All of sudden, women are exercising vigorously, pedaling their bicycles without showing any
signs of harm.
(A). Delete “All of a sudden”.
(B). Change “are” to “were”.
(C). Change “exercising” to “exerting”.
(D). Change “without showing” to “and do not show”.
(E). Insert “however” at the end of the sentence.
34. In context, which is the best version of sentence 14 (reproduced below)?
Bicycling required less constricting clothing than most women had in the nineteenth century.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). While the nineteenth century required constricting clothing for women, bicycling put a
stop to that.
(C). It was undeniable that nineteenth-century women required less constricting clothing than
they formerly had.
(D). Even more surprising, women required less constricting clothing than they had in the
nineteenth century.
(E). Furthermore, because bicycle required less constricting clothing, nineteenth–century
women cyclists needed a new mode of dress.
35. In context, which of the following would be the best concluding sentence for the passage?
(A). Today, both women and men complete in bicycle races, and women cyclists have set
records for speed and endurance.
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(B). In conclusion, women today have a level of control over their lives that
nineteenth-century women could only dream about.
(C). Since their introduction in the late nineteenth century, bicycles have become more
popular and are now used for sport, transportation, policing, and mail delivery.
(D). The bloomer-wearing, bicycle-riding modern woman scandalized the conservative
forces in society, but for many women the bicycle was the beginning of a long ride
toward equality.
(E). Nowadays, cyclists prefer lightweight, nonbinding spandex shorts and tops; it is difficult
to imagine riding a bicycle in the clothing worn by cyclists in the nineteenth century.
1.
When I asked which of the children was his daughter, he pointed to a little girl feeding a duck
in a blue dress.
(A). feeding a duck in a blue dress
(B). feeding a duck and was in a blue dress
(C). feeding a duck, she was in a blue dress
(D). in a blue dress who was feeding a duck
(E). in a blue dress, she was feeding a duck
2.
Tomorrow we will go to the wildlife park, and then lunch will be eaten at our favorite spot by
the river.
(A). park, and then lunch will be eaten at our favorite spot
(B). park, but then lunch will be eaten at our favorite spot
(C). park, but then, at our favorite spot, lunch will be eaten
(D). park and then eat lunch at our favorite spot
(E). park and then are eating lunch at our favorite spot
3.
Knowing that the new movie would draw big crowds, our tickets were bought ahead of time
so that we could avoid the long lines.
(A). our tickets were bought ahead of time so that we could avoid the long lines
(B). our tickets were bought ahead of time, allowing us to avoid the long lines
(C). by buying the tickets ahead of time allowing us to avoid the long lines
(D). we bought our tickets ahead of time so that we could avoid the long lines
(E). to avoid the long lines, our tickets were bought ahead of time
4.
No one knows why the carved stone head in a column in Istanbul’s Basilica Cistern is upside
down, but they believe it that it was placed that way deliberately.
(A). they believe it that it was placed that way deliberately
(B). they are believed to be deliberately placed that way
(C). it is believed to have been placed that way deliberately
(D). placing it that way is believed to be deliberately done
(E). the belief is that they placed it that way deliberately
5.
After considering the evidence presented by the prosecutor, there no longer remained doubt
among the jurors about the defendant’s guilt.
(A). there no longer remained doubt among the jurors
(B). there no longer remained jurors doubting
(C). doubt no longer remained among the jurors
(D). the jurors no longer had any doubt
(E). the jurors no longer doubting
6.
Tomato soup appeals to all age groups and can be made particularly delicious if adding sweet
red peppers.
(A). delicious if adding
(B). delicious by the addition of
(C). delicious, adding in
(D). delicious, add
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(E). deliciously, by the addition of
7.
If properly maintained, a bicycle can last for decades, providing recreation, transportation,
and exercise opportunities for its owner.
(A). If properly maintained, a bicycle can last for decades, providing
(B). Properly maintained, a bicycle that lasts for decades, providing
(C). If a bicycle is properly maintained, then it can last for decades and providing
(D). When a bicycle is maintained properly, it can last for decades, it can provide
(E). When you maintain your bicycle properly, it can last for decades and provide one with
8.
People who are primarily familiar with the paper-folding art called origami, that it is a craft
that is taught to children, they might be surprised by the highly sophisticated work of adult
origami artists.
(A). origami, that it is a craft that is taught to children, they
(B). origami, that it is a craft to be teaching to children
(C). origami, it is a craft that is taught to children
(D). origami as a craft to be teaching to children, they
(E). origami as a craft that is taught to children
9.
The Medieval Warm Period was a time of unusually mild temperatures in the North Atlantic
region, it lasted from approximately 800 to 1300 C.E.
(A). Period was a time of unusually mild temperatures in the North Atlantic region, it lasted
(B). Period had been a time of unusually mild temperatures in the North Atlantic region, it
lasted
(C). Period, a time of unusually mild temperatures in the North Atlantic region, lasted
(D). Period, a time of unusually mild temperatures in the North Atlantic region and lasting
(E). Period, a time of unusually mild temperatures in the North Atlantic region, it lasted
10. When in 1833 a London carpenter designed the first prefabricated house, making certain that
a single person can carry any of the precut panels from which it was assembled.
(A). making certain that a single person can
(B). making certain that a single person could
(C). he makes certain that a single person can
(D). he made certain that a single person could
(E). he has made certain that a single person could
11. The ninth-century philosopher al-Kindi, in addition to overseeing the translation of Greek
scientific texts into Arabic, treatises were written by him about the relationship between
mathematics and music.
(A). treatises were written by him
(B). the treatises he wrote were
(C). he wrote treatises
(D). writing treatises
(E). wrote treatises
12. Because the number of Hawaiian monk seals in the wild have decreased dramatically since
1989, conservationists fear that these endangered animals may soon become extinct.
(A). have decreased
(B). have been decreasing
(C). has decreased
(D). was decreasing
(E). decreased
13. Themes of family and history figure prominently in Martin Espada’s poetry, one poem tells
of the journey of a father and son and their going to Puerto Rico to search for their ancestor’s
grave.
(A). poetry, one poem tells of the journey of a father and son and their going
(B). poetry; one poem tells of the journey of a father and son
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(C). poetry, one of which tell of a father and son’s journey
(D). poetry, and one poem had told of the journey taken by a father and son who goes
(E). poetry; one poem telling of a father and son’s journeying
14. A good online course at the high school level provides resources that are comparable to
courses in which teachers and students are in the same room.
(A). courses
(B). providing courses
(C). that of courses
(D). ones provided by them
(E). those provided by courses
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SET27. 2011. 5.
1. The Four Corners Monument in the southwesten region of the United States, marking the
place where the boundaries of Arizona, Colorado, New Maxico, and Utah intersect.
(A). States, marking the place
(B). States marks the place
(C). States, the place
(D). States, it marks
(E). States marking
2. The current generation of high school students has more educational opportunities, job
training possibilities, and career options to consider before entering the workforce than any
other generation has had.
(A). any other generation has had
(B). do any generation
(C). for other generations
(D). with other generations
(E). would any generation
3. In the Bay of Fundy the rising tide produces a so powerful inward surge that it actually
reverses the normal flows of several rivers.
(A). a so powerful inward surge
(B). a powerful inward surge; so
(C). an inward surge so powerful
(D). an inward surge, it is so powerful
(E). so powerful of an inward surge
4. Seeking to reduce pollution from conventional electricity plants, ways to convert the energy
of ocean waves into usable power are being considered by the state of Oregon.
(A). ways to convert the energy of ocean waves into usable power are being considered by the
state of Oregon
(B). ways of converting the energy of ocean waves into usable power are something being
considered by the state of Oregon
(C). the conversion of the energy of ocean waves into usable power has been considered by
the state of Oregon
(D). the state of Oregon is considering ways of ocean waves energy being converted into
usable power
(E). the state of Oregon is considering ways to convert the energy of ocean waves into usable
power
5. On hot days, the elephant flaps its ears constantly, this creates a slight breeze that cools
surface blood vessels, allowing cooled blood to circulate throughout the body.
(A). constantly, this creates a slight breeze that cools surface blood vessels, allowing cooled
blood to circulate
(B). constantly, and creating a slight breeze for cooling surface blood vessels, which allows
cooled blood to circulate
(C). constantly, creating a slight breeze that cools surface blood vessels so that cooled blood
can circulate
(D). constantly: in this way, it creates a slight breeze and this cools surface bold vessels,
allowing cooled blood circulating
(E). constantly with the creation of a slight breeze in cooling surface bold vessels, so cooled
cold can circulate
6. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was a descendant of John and Priscilla Alden, whose romance
he celebrated in the narrative poem “The Courtship of Miles Standish.”
(A). whose romance he celebrated
(B). he celebrated their romance
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(C). their romance was celebrated by him
(D). it was their romance he celebrates
(E). having celebrated their romance
7. Many college students think that school policies should not be dictated by administrative
officers but instead they should be submitted to the approval of the students.
(A). but instead they should be submitted to the approval of the students
(B). but they should have been submitted to the approval of the students
(C). but should be submitted to the students for approval
(D). because they should be submitted for their approval to the students
(E). however, they ought to be submitted to the students for their approval
8. The development of cameras so small that they can be swallowed by patients have made
diagnosing certain diseases much easier.
(A). have made diagnosing certain diseases much easier
(B). has made it much more easier to diagnose certain diseases
(C). has made certain diseases much easier to diagnose
(D). make diagnosing certain diseases much easier
(E). are making it much easier to diagnose certain diseases
9. The new television show has become instantly popular, the characters are realistic and the
sound track including with it songs by famous bands.
(A). popular, the characters are realistic and the sound track including with it
(B). popular, its characters are realistic with a sound track including
(C). popular; having characters that are realistic and a sound track that includes
(D). popular because the characters are realistic and the sound track includes
(E). popular as the characters are realistic, in addition, the sound track includes
10. When creating collections of new clothing, styles of the past have often influenced
contemporary fashion designers.
(A). styles of the past have often influenced contemporary fashion designers
(B). styles of the past often have an influence on contemporary fashion designers
(C). styles of the past often influence contemporary fashion designers
(D). contemporary fashion designers have often been influenced from styles of the past
(E). contemporary fashion designers are often influenced by styles of the past
11. Katarina could not be certain whether the voice she heard on the recording was her uncle or
someone else who speaks with a heavy German accent.
(A). uncle or someone else
(B). uncle or that of someone else
(C). uncle’s or someone else
(D). uncle’s or that of someone else
(E). uncle’s or someone else’s
12. There is (A) many industrial uses for copper because it is (B) an especially (C) good
conductor of both (D) heat and electricity. No error (E)
13. Of the five films that Phuong saw (A) during (B) the film festival, the last was
unquestionably (C) the more enjoyable (D). No error (E)
14. If not for bees, which are (A) responsible for pollinating (B) the vast majority of Earth’s
flowers, many plants were unable (C) to produce (D) fruits or seed. No error (E)
15. From (A) his smile it (B) was evident that Burton had successfully (C) reached an agreement
to be averting (D) a strike. No error (E)
16. Many people agree (A) that the full artistic potential of (B) jazz was first realized (C) in
recordings made by Louis Armstrong with the band known as (D) the Hot Five. No error (E)
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17. Had (A) I known that we would be (B) walking the fifteen (C) blocks from the movie theater
to the restaurant, I would of (D) worn more comfortable shoes. No error (E)
18. One of the good things about (A) using corn oil as automobile fuel is (B) that (C) it makes car
exhaust smell (D) appealingly like French fries. No error (E)
19. In 1961 Rita Moreno gained fame (A) and won (B) an Academy Award for her portraying (C)
Anita in the film adaptation of (D) the groundbreaking Broadway musical West Side Story. No
error (E)
20. According to (A) a recent study, the domestication of (B) cats had began (C) in the Middle
East over (D) 100,000 years ago. No error (E)
21. Saffron, one of the world’s most expensive (A) spices, has been used (B) as a fragrance, dye,
medicine, and to season food (C) for more than (D) 3,000 years. No error (E)
22. As the price of petroleum rises and concern about the environmental effects of (A)
petrochemicals mounted (B), the plastics industry is racing (C) to create plastics not made
from (D) petroleum. No error (E)
23. The flavor of (A) a Meyer lemon, a fruit native to (B) China, is sweeter and less acidic than
(C) that of a common lemon, and a Meyer lemon’s skin is edible (D). No error (E)
24. After his first week on the job (A), George realized that he would need to (B) respond to
customers’ complaints more tactful (C) than he had so far (D). No error (E)
25. Thanks to (A) the strength of (B) the bonds between its (C) constituent carbon atoms, a
diamond has exceptional physical properties that makes (D) it useful in a wide variety of
industrial applications. No error (E)
26. The firefly, which emits (A) its characteristic glow from an area under their (B) abdomen, is
able (C) to produce light with almost (D) no energy loss in the form of heat. No error (E)
27. Many environmentalists think that it is (A) just as important to use (B) existing energy sources
efficiently than (C) it is to develop pollution-free means of generating (D) energy. No error
(E)
28. The combination of the refined and the rudimentary were reflected (A) in the medieval castle,
where (B) rooms hung (C) with rich tapestries were poorly heated and furnished with (D)
plain benches. No error (E)
29. Spotting Kim and I (A) looking at the giant pandas, Brianna carefully (B) maneuvered
through the crowd and squeezed between (C) us to get a look at them (D) herself. No error (E)
(1)Play in young animals (including humans) is an appealing and quite mysterious behavior.
(2) But unlike many other behaviors, play seems to be biologically purposeless and even
disadvantageous. (3) They do not achieve an obvious life-serving goal, as they do in other
behaviors such as finding food, mating, repelling intruders, and resting. (4) In fact, animals at play
seem to expend a lot of energy for no useful purpose and risk hurting themselves, attracting
predators, or otherwise decreasing their chances of survival. (5) There is the obvious explanation
that play is inherently enjoyable, offering the intrinsic reward of pleasure. (6) But surely play must
have some additional benefits that increase animals’ survival chances and thus outweigh the risks
incurred and the energy expended.
(7) Researchers believe that play may have evolved at least in part to enhance the ability of
animals to adapt to novel situations. (8) Through play, animals gain knowledge of the properties of
objects, sharpen their motor skills, and recognize and manipulate characteristics of their
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environment. (9) In my biology class recently, we read an interesting book of essays on the subject
of animal play and its purposes. (10) Picture a young dolphin blowing air bubbles while
underwater, and then chasing them in order to catch them in his mouth before they can reach the
surface and vanish. (11) He is not content to repeat this amusing process endlessly. (12) So he will
move closer and closer to water’s surface, forcing himself to work harder each time to catch the
bubbles before they disappear. (13) It demonstrates creativity and the desire for increasingly
challenging puzzles. (14) Thus it is consistent with the notion that play facilitates the development
and maintenance of flexible problem-solving skills.
30. In context, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 3 (reproduced
below)?
They do not achieve an obvious life-serving goal, as they do in other behaviors such as
finding food, mating, repelling intruders, and resting.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). They are not achieving
(C). Play does not help those animals achieve
(D). In playing they do not achieve
(E). When they play, animals do not achieve
31. Which of the following sentences would be best to insert between sentence 4 and 5?
(A). Is play truly innate, or can it be taught?
(B). Why, then, do young animals devote so much time to play?
(C). Does the risk of injury seem small in comparison?
(D). On the other hand, what do humans gain from this?
(E). When did animal play first attract the interest of scientists?
32. In context, what revision to sentence 7 (reproduced below) would provide the best transition
between the first and second paragraphs?
Researchers believe that play may have evolved at least in part to enhance the ability of
animals to adapt to novel situations.
(A). Insert “However,” at the beginning of the sentence.
(B). Change “Researchers” to “Indeed, researchers now”.
(C). Change “play” to “this behavior”.
(D). Delete “at least” from the sentence.
(E). Change “novel” to “unforeseen”
33. In context, which is the best way to deal with sentence 9 (reproduced below)?
In my biology class recently, we read an interesting book of essays on the subject of animal
play and its purposes.
(A). Insert “Additionally,” at the beginning of the sentence.
(B). Replace “we read” with “ we have read”.
(C). Change “on the subject of “ to “about”
(D). Place it immediately after sentence 7.
(E). Delete it from the passage.
34. In context, which of the following is the best way to revise and combine sentence 11 and 12
(reproduced below) at the underlined part?
He is not content to repeat this amusing process endlessly. So he will move closer and closer
to water’s surface, forcing himself to work harder each time to catch the bubbles before they
disappear.
(A). He is not content to repeat this amusing process endlessly, therefore he will move
(B). He was not content repeating this amusing process endlessly, so he moved
(C). Not content to repeat this amusing process endlessly, the dolphin moves
(D). The dolphin, not being content to repeat this amusing process endlessly, moving
(E). Repeating this amusing process endlessly does not content the dolphin, so that moving
35. In context, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 13 (reproduced
below)?
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It demonstrates creativity and the desire for increasingly challenging puzzles.
(A). ( As it is now)
(B). Such behavior
(C). The dolphin then
(D). In this way it
(E). That example
1. Though Douglas Engelbart designed and built the first computer mouse, he profited little from
his invention because it does not become popular until his patent had already expired.
(A). it does not become
(B). it did not became
(C). of them not becoming
(D). of their not becoming
(E). they had not become
2. Most famous for her record-breaking trip around the world, Nellie Bly (1864-1922) also
pioneered a new type of undercover investigative journalism and inventing a type of steel
barrel.
(A). inventing a type of steel barrel
(B). invents a type of steel barrel
(C). invented a type of steel barrel
(D). a type of steel barrel was invented by her
(E). a type of steel barrel was also her invention
3. To encourage young people to read, a number of authors, who sell their books with
companion video games that require players to use information from the books to advance in
the games.
(A). authors, who sell
(B). authors, they sell
(C). authors, having sold
(D). authors selling
(E). authors are selling
4. The discovery of geysers erupting from the floors of several oceans convinced scientists that
hydrothermal vents exist around the world rather than only in the Pacific basin, which is
where they thought previously.
(A). basin, which is where they thought previously
(B). basin, not as they have thought
(C). basin as they had previously thought
(D). basin that they used to think
(E). basin as one previously thought
5. A structure large enough to be seen from outer space, workers moved massive stone blocks to
create China’s Great Wall, which spans thousands of miles.
(A). A structure large enough to be seen from outer space, workers moved massive stone
blocks to create China’s Great Wall, which spans thousands of miles.
(B). A structure large enough to be seen from outer space and created by workers moving
massive stone blocks in China’s Great Wall, it spans thousands of miles.
(C). Created by workers moving massive stone blocks, China’s Great Wall spans thousands of
miles and is large enough to be seen from outer space.
(D). China’s Great Wall, a structure large enough to be seen from outer space, spans thousands
of miles, was created by workers moving massive stone blocks.
(E). Spanning thousands of miles and it is large enough to be seen from outer space, workers
moved massive stone blocks to create China’s Great Wall.
6. Unlike other kinds of hearing aids, which work by amplifying sound, the cochlear implant,
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which they often call a bionic ear, works by directly stimulating functioning auditory nerves
with electrical impulses.
(A). implant, which they often call
(B). implant, which are often called
(C). implant is often called
(D). implant, often called
(E). implant, often they call it
7. An otter grooms its fur continually, and their claws are used by them to remove debris.
(A). their claws are used by them
(B). their claws are used
(C). it uses its claws
(D). using its claws
(E). using their claws
8. The Basque language is not closely related to any other language in the world, its origins
therefore cannot be determined by scholars.
(A). its origins therefore cannot be determined by scholars
(B). therefore determining its origins cannot be done by scholars
(C). and therefore scholars cannot determine its origins
(D). and scholars therefore not determining its origins
(E). scholars therefore not determining its origins
9. The television show Soul Train reached the height of its popularity in the 1970s and 1980s, it
was showcasing the latest songs by outstanding rhythm-and-blues, soul, and hip-hop artists.
(A). it was showcasing
(B). showcasing
(C). it showcased
(D). when it showcases
(E). when they showcased
10. In 1912 the mayor of Tokyo gave thousands of cherry trees to the city of Washington. D.C.,
which holds the annual National Cherry Blossom Festival every year to commemorate this
gift.
(A). which holds the annual
(B). which annually holds the
(C). which holds the
(D). holding the annual
(E). and they hold the
11. Just as sprinting requires speed, so running a marathon requires endurance.
(A). running a marathon requires endurance
(B). marathon runners require endurance
(C). endurance is required to run a marathon
(D). endurance is required when running a marathon
(E). it requires endurance running a marathon
12. The bristlecone pine has a maximum life span of about 5,000 years, which is much longer
than almost any other tree.
(A). which is much longer than
(B). and this is much longer than
(C). it is much longer than that of
(D). much longer than that of
(E). much the longest of
13. Bridget worried that she might not be able to bring back many souvenirs were she to take only
one suitcase on vacation.
(A). were she to take
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(B). if she would have taken
(C). was she to have taken
(D). had she took
(E). by having taken
14. When I learned that both events were scheduled for the same evening, I found it difficult to
choose between going to the basketball game or attend the rock concert.
(A). or attend
(B). or to attend
(C). or attending
(D). and attending
(E). and to attend
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SET28. 2011. 10.
1. While studying mutations in corn, biologist Barbara McClintock discovered that certain genes
that were able to move their positions on chromosomes and control the activity of other genes.
(A). that were able
(B). that had been able
(C). were able
(D). able
(E). to be able
2. Chrysanthemums, lilies, and crocuses are just three types of flowers grew in both European
and Asian gardens.
(A). flowers grew
(B). flowers that grow
(C). flowers; their growth
(D). flowers, they grow them
(E). flowers, they are grown
3. Though the Savannah was the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean, it relied on its sails,
rather than steam engine, for most of the voyage.
(A). it relied
(B). they relied
(C). but it relied
(D). but relying
(E). relying
4. Richard Axel and Linda B.Buck’s research has demonstrated how receptors in the nose detect
odors how receptor cells send information to the brain, also the brain recognizes particular
odors.
(A). also the brain recognized particular odors
(B). and the brain recognizes particular odors
(C). and how the brain recognizes particular odors
(D). and how particular odors recognized by the brain
(E). then particular odors are recognized by the brain
5. After each of the architects have finished to present a plan for the building’s renovation, the
committee considered the proposals and made its decision.
(A). have finished to present
(B). have finished presenting
(C). has finished presenting
(D). had finished to present
(E). had finished presenting
6. The United States coal market was dominated by Appalachian coal for a century, which was
first mined in the 1800s.
(A). The United States coal market was dominated by Appalachian coal for a century, which
was first mined in the 1800s.
(B). Fist mined in the 1800s was Appalachian coal, it dominated the United States coal
market for a century.
(C). First mined in the 1800s, Appalachian coal dominated the United States coal market for a
century.
(D). Appalachian coal, dominating the United States coal market for a century, first mined in
the 1800s.
(E). Appalachian coal being first mined in the 1800s and dominated the United States coal
market for a century.
7.
With its fast whirling of partners held as if in an embrace, many people were shocked by the
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waltz when it was introduced around 1800.
(A). embrace, many people were shocked by the waltz when it was introduced around 1800
(B). embrace, around 1800, many people were shocked when the waltz was introduced
(C). embrace, the waltz shocked many people when it was introduced around 1800
(D). embrace, the introduction of the waltz, around 1800, shocked many people
(E). embrace is why many people were shocked by the waltz when it was introduced around
1800
8. Cattle ranchers often view the prairie dog as pests, eating pasture grasses and digs holes that
can injure cattle.
(A). pests, eating
(B). pests, they eat
(C). pests that eat
(D). a pest, although it eats
(E). a pest because it eats
9. Although one might think that contact lenses are a recent invention, but in fact were
developed more than a century ago.
(A). but in fact were
(B). but they were in fact
(C). the fact being that they were
(D). they have in fact been
(E). they were in fact
10. By using a thimble to protect your finger from the needle, the thimble makes sewing easier.
(A). the thimble makes sewing easier
(B). you can sew more easily
(C). sewing is easier
(D). it can be sewn easier by you
(E). it improves the ease of sewing
11. Unlike several decades ago, today’s librarians teach students to evaluate the accuracy and
objectivity of online resources in addition to helping them find particular books.
(A). Unlike
(B). Unlike them of
(C). Unlike those of
(D). Contrary to
(E). Contrary to those
12. The ancient Sumerians wrote (A) on clay tablets, which were (B) either hardened to preserve
the writing and (C) left unhardened so that they could be inscribed again (D). No error (E)
13. Covering (A) the roof of a building with (B) heat-reflecting plants can dramatically (C) reduce
the cost of (D) air-conditioning. No error (E)
14. Elizabeth Bishop’s unpublished manuscripts contain many unfinished drafts; some she
intended(A) to rewrite, but others(B) she never meant(C) to publish, having lay(D) them aside
as mementoes of the past. No error (E)
15. James Houston, whose glass sculptures often depict (A) Arctic scenes such as fishing or
kayaking, drawing (B) his inspiration from (C) Inuit stone carvings he saw (D) while living on
Baffin Island. No error (E)
16. Studies of home remedies for (A) mild burns have shown (B) that honey has (C) antibacterial
and anti-inflammatory properties that may promote (D) healing. No error (E)
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17. Production delays were notoriously (A) difficult obstacles to overcome (B) until the company
adopted (C) new computer technology that works more effect (D) than the old technology. No
error (E)
18. Either a novel by Isaac Asimov or one by Arthur C. Clarke are (A) going to be discussed (B)
at (C) the next meeting of (D) the Science Fiction Book Club. No error (E)
19. Larger than (A) the entire state of California, the Chihuahuan Desert is home to (B)
approximately (C) 1,000 plant species found nowhere else (D) in the world. No error (E)
20. The shimmering appearance for which (A) silk is prized (B) comes from its fibers’ prismlike
structure, which allow (C) silk cloth to refract incoming light at different angles (D). No error
(E)
21. The biography describes how (A), growing up(B) in a small house with six energetic siblings,
Ellis developed a high tolerance for(C) mayhem and learns(D) to accommodate the needs of
other people. No error (E)
22. Because cell phones are so widely (A) used today, many movie theaters post (B) signs
warning (C) that it is (D) not permitted during the movie. No error (E)
23. Featured in (A) many New York City landmarks, the vaulted tile ceilings patented by (B)
Rfael Guastavino reflects (C) the influence of Spanish architecture on his (D) style. No error
(E)
24. Although (A) snowflakes come in (B) an almost infinite number of (C) designs, its (D) basic
form is a six-pointed star. No error (E)
25. In recognition to (A) her extraordinary(B) contributions to gospel music, in 1988 the National
Endowment for the Arts presented(C) Willie Mae Ford Smith with(D) a National Heritage
Award. No error (E)
26. Researchers have discovered (A) that a fish, like a human(B), processes (C) some kinds of
information with the right side of its brain and other(D) kinds with the left. No error (E)
27. New Zealand had fostered (A) a thriving local music scene for decades (B), but it was not until
the late 1980s when (C) New Zealand musicians began to reach (D) international audiences.
No error (E)
28. Because neither of the dolls were (A) in its original box, the pair would not be (B) worth as
much as (C) the toy collector had (D) hoped. No error (E)
29. The figures cited (A) in the report do not collaborate (B) the author’s claim that small hospitals
generally provide (C) better patient care than do (D) large ones. No error (E)
(1) Should skateboarding be an Olympic event? (2) Many people do not believe it. (3)They
object that skateboarding is too new a sport to be included in the Olympic Games. (4) Not only
that, they claim that the sport’s free-form style and antiestablishement culture are contrary to the
Olympic spirit. (5) Skateboarding, they claim, is all about breaking rules, while the Olympics are
all about playing by them.
(6) In the first place, skateboarding is not particularly new. (7) Its origins can be traced to the
1950s, when young surfers began riding through the streets of Southern California on flat pieces
of wood to which they had attached steel roller-skate wheels. (8) Skateboarding is thus older than
two current Olympic sports – snowboarding and BMX cycling – which were not developed until
the (9) All three of these sports have relatively high rates of injury.
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(10) Moreover, skateboarding does not seem nearly as rebellious as it once did. (11) Countries
and cities around the world have created government-approved skateboarding parks. (12)
Skateboarding was becoming a phenomenon of popular culture, with people of all ages playing
skateboarding video games at home and watching professional skateboarding competitions on
television. (13) And, despite its reputation as a sport without rules, skateboarding has developed
standard moves and tricks as well as accepted criteria for judging skill and performance.
(14) But there is a reason for including skateboarding events in the Olympics that has nothing
to do with either how old or how accepted the sport is. (15) The International Olympic Committee
wants to attract younger viewers to the Olympic telecasts. (16) It was this desire that prompted the
committee to approve snowboarding for the 1998 Winter Games and BMX cycling for the 2008
Summer Games.
30. In context, which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 2
(reproduced below)?
Many people do not believe it.
(A). (as it is now)
(B). agree with them
(C). think so
(D). have an opinion
(E). support this statement
31. Which sentence, if placed immediately before sentence 6, would best introduce the second
paragraph and link it to the first?
(A). People often feel threatened by innovation, and these critics are no different, of course.
(B). Faced with these facts, supporters of Olympic skateboarding must adopt a different
strategy.
(C). Many skateboarders believe that there is more to a sport than just playing by the rules.
(D). But perhaps the Olympics should make an exception for extreme sports like
skateboarding.
(E). None of these objections stands up to careful examination, however.
32. In context, which is the best revision of the underlined part of sentence 10(reproduced below)?
Moreover, skateboarding does not seem nearly as rebellious as it once did.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). Hopefully, skateboarding
(C). In other words, skateboarding
(D). Skateboarding, for instance,
(E). Skateboarding, by comparison
33. In context, which is best to do with sentence 12 (reproduced below)?
Skateboarding was becoming a phenomenon of popular culture, with people of all ages
playing skateboarding video games at home and watching professional skateboarding
competitions on television.
(A). Change “was becoming” to “has become”.
(B). Delete “of popular culture”
(C). Delete “of all ages”.
(D). Insert “who were ” before “playing”.
(E). Insert “mainstream” before “television”.
34. Which of the following sentences, if inserted after sentence 16, would provide the vest
conclusion for the passage?
(A). Like any other television production, telecasts of the Olympics make a lot of money from
advertisers.
(B). Given its considerable popularity among young people everywhere, skateboarding should
likewise win the committee’s approval in the near future.
(C). Since these supports were also once considered too extreme for the Olympic, many
people still feel that way about skateboarding.
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(D). Despite the persistent objections of its opponents, skateboarding has been around since
the 1950s.
(E). Because it requires high levels of skill, athleticism, and creativity, skateboarding requires
that its practitioners be in surprisingly good physical condition.
35. Which of the following sentences should be deleted from the passage?
(A). Sentence 1
(B). Sentence 3
(C). Sentence 4
(D). Sentence 9
(E). Sentence 14
190
1. In 1911 the Geat Blue Norther, a massive storm in the Midwestern United States, it caused
temperatures in some cities to drop more than 60 degrees in a single day.
(A). it caused
(B). caused
(C). causing
(D). which caused
(E). having caused
2. The Galapagos Islands originated when sections of Earth’s crust passed over volcanic hot
spots, molten lava erupted through those sections, and the lava has cooled to form new
landmasses.
(A). has cooled to form
(B). will cool, forming
(C). cooled to form
(D). cools and forms
(E). cools, forming
3. Playing an instrument such as the violin or the piano is a complex activity, it involves the
use of several different parts of the brain.
(A). activity, it involves
(B). activity, with it involving
(C). activity, which it involves
(D). activity that involves
(E). activity and involving
4. The final match of the 2006 FIFA World Cup was the most widely viewed sporting event of
that year, with an estimated television audience of 715.1 million people worldwide.
(A). with an estimated television audience of 715.1 million people worldwide.
(B). the estimated television audience was 715.1 million people.
(C). it was watched by an estimated television audience of 715.1 million people.
(D). and they estimated that 715.1 million people watched it on television.
(E). when an estimated 715.1 million people watching on television.
5. The ballet company’s directors turned down Smith’s offer of a huge donation because
Smith wanted to control the company not only financially but also will be a decision maker in
artistic matter.
(A). to control the company not only financially but also will be a decision maker in artistic
matters
(B). controlling the company financially but also be an artistic decision maker
(C). control of the company not only in financial matter and also artistic
(D). financial control of the company as well as artistically
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(E). not only financial but also artistic control of the company
6. Forgetting to substitute American for British spellings when the editor edited the article, the
word “realise” was not changed to “realize”.
(A). Forgetting to substitute American for British spellings when the editor edited the article
(B). Because the editor of the article forgot to substitute American for British spellings
(C). Because of forgetting to substitute American for British spellings when editing the article
(D). To forget to substitute American for British spellings when editing the article
(E). Having forgotten to substitute American for British spellings when editing the article
7. In 1933 a group of film actors founded the Screen Actors Guild, a labor union that
negotiates fair contracts for actors, in addition protects their legal rights.
(A). actors, in addition protects
(B). actors, it also protects
(C). actors and to protect
(D). actors and protects
(E). actors; which protects
8. Whereas today’s censuses estimate the total population of a region, in ancient times it was
conducted for other purposes, such as identifying who should pay taxes.
(A). in ancient times it was conducted
(B). but in ancient times they were conducted
(C). conducting censuses was done in ancient times
(D). censuses in ancient times were conducted
(E). censuses conducted in ancient times
9. A wiki is a Web site that uses simple software designed to allow the site’s content be altered
or changed by anyone who has access.
(A). be altered or changed
(B). to be altered or be changed
(C). to be altered
(D). be changed
(E). being changed
10. Despite their many differences in size and appearance, but every domestic dog breed
belongs to the same species and are extremely similar in genetic makeup.
(A). but every domestic dog breed belongs
(B). but all domestic dog breeds belong
(C). every domestic dog breed belongs
(D). all domestic dog breeds belong
(E). domestic dog breeds all belonging
11. The largest city public library in the United States, the New York Public Library contains
over 10 million books and 10 million manuscripts.
(A). States, the New York Public Library contains
(B). States, contained in the New York Public Library is
(C). States, contained in the New York Public Library is
(D). States is the New York Public Library, contained in it there is
(E). States that is the New York Public Library; it contains
12. Though the communications company offers high-speed Internet service, they charge
exorbitant rates, and customers complain about long delays for technical support..
(A). they charge exorbitant rates
(B). they charge rates that are exorbitant
(C). exorbitant rates are charged by them
(D). the rates it charges being exorbitant
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(E). it charges exorbitant rates
13. Originally built as a church, later converted to a mosque, and now used as a museum, Hagia
Sophis, in Istanbul, Turkey, is one of the greatest surviving examples of Byzantine architecture.
(A). later converted to a mosque, and
(B). later converted to a mosque and is
(C). was later converted to a mosque, and
(D). was later converted to a mosque and is
(E). it was later converted to a mosque and is
14. Having lived in Paris for six years, Martha’s fluency in French is not surprising.
(A). Martha’s fluency in French is not surprising
(B). Martha’s being fluent in French is not surprising
(C). Martha’s French is, not surprisingly, fluent
(D). Martha, whose fluency in French is not surprising
(E). Martha is, not surprisingly, fluent in French
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SET29. 2012. 1.
1.
After she won a gold medal in figure skating at the 1956 Olympic Games, Tenley Albright
attended medical school and becoming a surgeon.
(A). school and becoming
(B). school and became
(C). school, also became
(D). school, she became
(E). school; also becoming
2.
In his Star Wars films, director George Lucas is a contemporary mythmaker, plus being a
master of special effects.
(A). Lucas is a contemporary mythmaker, plus being
(B). Lucas, a contemporary mythmaker, moreover
(C). Lucas is a contemporary mythmaker as well as
(D). Lucas, who is a contemporary mythmaker and also
(E). Lucas is a contemporary mythmaker, he is also
3.
Because of geothermal changes beneath Old Faithful, the frequency and duration of the
geyser’s eruptions are now more predictable.
(A). eruptions are now more predictable
(B). eruptions, they are now more predictable
(C). eruptions are predicted more easier now
(D). eruptions being easier to predict than before
(E). eruptions, they can now be predicted more easily
4.
Founded in 1919, the aim of the Bauhaus School was to create a revolutionary modern style
that would unite art and mass production.
(A). aim of the Bauhaus School was
(B). aim of the Bauhaus School having been
(C). Bauhaus School, whose aim was
(D). Bauhaus School aiming
(E). Bauhaus School aimed
5.
Coleman Hawkins is often called the “father of the tenor saxophone” on account of he was
the first to realize the instrument’s expressive powers.
(A). saxophone” on account of he was
(B). saxophone” because he was
(C). saxophone” due to him being
(D). saxophone,” which he was
(E). saxophone,” he was
6.
The ship will not leave port until every one of the crew members have been examined by a
physician and given a clean bill of health.
(A). have been
(B). has been
(C). had been
(D). are
(E). were
7.
It appears that either Jane or Marek will be elected to be presidents of the student union.
(A). to be presidents
(B). as presidents
(C). presidents
(D). for president
(E). president
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8.
Apparently honoring the actor’s desire for a flattering biography, there is no mention by the
author of any of the scandals in which her subject was involved.
(A). there is no mention by the author of any of the scandals in which her subject was
involved
(B). none of the scandals in which her subject was involved is mentioned by the author
(C). none of the scandals in which her subject was involved are mentioned by the author
(D). the author does not mention any of the scandals in which her subject was involved
(E). the author mentions none of the scandals in which her subject were involved
9.
An odd friendship in certain respects, she being an outdoor enthusiast and he a dedicated
bookworm.
(A). An odd friendship
(B). As an odd friendship
(C). Their friendship being odd
(D). Theirs was an odd friendship
(E). Having a friendship that was somewhat odd
10. Each of the men who attended the meeting were suspected to be a spy.
(A). were suspected to be a spy
(B). were suspected to be spies
(C). were suspected of being spies
(D). was suspected of being spies
(E). was suspected of being a spy
11. The island of Madagascar, off the coast of Africa, is the habitat of more than 200,000 species
of plants and animals, many are not found anywhere else on the planet.
(A). animals, many are not found anywhere
(B). animals; many, are not found anywhere
(C). animals; of which many are not found anywhere
(D). animals, many found nowhere
(E). animals, finding many nowhere
12. This film has earned (A) more money (B) from(C) ticket sales than have (D) its closest
competitor for the Best Documentary Feature Film Award. No error (E)
13. Dr. Ling strongly (A) encouraged each of (B) us contacting (C) our federal and state
representatives and urge them to increase (D) funding for elementary school music programs.
No error (E)
14. In the years following (A) the Second World War, as millions of soldiers returned to civilian
life, the demand for (B) housing will cause (C) a massive expansion of (D) suburbs. No error
(E)
15. Because (A) they build (B) nests on telephone poles as readily (C) as they do in trees, ospreys
adapting (D) well to various environment. No error (E)
16. Whiptails, the more speedier (A) of lizards, are remarkable creatures because (B) in thirteen
of the known (C) species the females reproduce without (D) mating with males. No error (E)
17. Scientists have discovered that walnut trees respond to (A) environmental stresses such as (B)
drought by producing (C) significant amounts of (D) a substance similar to aspirin. No error
(E)
18. For our hike, my two companions and I (A) had chose (B) to walk along the Appalachian
Trail, one of (C) the oldest and best-loved (D) hiking paths in the United States. No error (E)
19. When people see (A) Lake Michigan for the first time, he or she (B) may think that it (C)
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looks more like (D) an ocean than a lake. No error (E)
20. Teeming with (A) hundreds of species of tropical fish, the clear (B) waters of the Caribbean
Sea provide (C) a paradise for (D) scuba divers. No error (E)
21. The museum’s latest exhibition, featuring (A) the works of several relatively young (B)
artists, have been (C) praised in reviews by (D) influential art critics. No error (E)
22. The proposed environmental legislation would devote (A) billions of dollars in (B) federal
grants to (C) conservation activities such as acquiring new public lands, preserving coastal
habitats, and to establish (D) urban parks. No error (E)
23. Though the island was formed by (A) volcanic action long ago (B), volcanic activity still
threatens (C) its inhabitants occasionally (D). No error (E)
24. Damselflies closely (A) resemble dragonflies except that (B) when at rest an adult damselfly
holds its wings parallel to the (C) body, while a dragonfly holds theirs (D) perpendicular to
the body. No error (E)
25. Each girl in my class (A) wanted (B) to have a quinceanera—an elaborate party with plenty
of (C) food and dancing—to celebrate her (D) fifteenth birthday. No error (E)
26. Experts who decipher (A) ancient written languages report (B) that the Indus civilization’s
script is more difficult (C) to decode than other civilizations (D). No error (E)
27. Although both (A) birds are known for their distinctive (B) songs, but the rufous songlark has
a sweeter (C) song than has (D) the brown songlark. No error (E)
28. Because (A) sound waves travel faster (B) in liquids than they do (C) in gases, the speed of
sound in water is greater than that of sound (D) in the air. No error (E)
29. Mary Whiton Calkins was an imminent (A) psychologist and philosopher whose (B) research
focused on (C) such topics as (D) memory, consciousness, and dreams. No error (E)
(1)The word “dinosaur” is derived from two Greek words meaning “terrifying lizard.” (2)
This fact might therefore lead you to think that today’s reptiles—including lizards—are descended
from dinosaurs. (3) Modern reptiles are probably not directly related to the dinosaurs. (4) Instead,
it is birds, not reptiles, that most scientists now think are the dinosaurs’ true descendants. (5) Some
even say that birds are dinosaurs—dinosaurs as they have evolved over millions of years. (6) That
claim may sound incredible. (7) It is based on extensive fossil evidence.
(8) A definite evolutionary connection between birds and dinosaurs was first uncovered in
1861. (9) The fossil was the petrified remains of an animal that in many respects resemble a small,
winged dinosaur. (10) There was, similarly, one astonishing difference between this fossil and any
dinosaur fossil previously found. (11) The newly discovered animal’s body was covered with fully
developed feathers. (12) Scientists gave the creature the name Archaeopteryx, which means
“ancient wing” in Greek, and declared it a transitional species between dinosaurs and birds. (13)
Ancient Greek is a language that lends itself to forming logical compound words such as these.
(14) In the years since that discovery, scientists have unearthed other unique fossils. (15)
These fossils show that dinosaurs and birds share many common skeletal features. (16) They
reveal that several species of dinosaurs had what look like primitive feathers. (17) They indicate
that some dinosaurs brooded over their nests, much as chickens do. (18) There is even fossil
evidence that a few dinosaurs had four-chambered hearts. (19) That means that they may have
been warm-blooded—just like birds but unlike modern reptiles, which are all cold-blooded.
30. In context, which of the following would be best to place at the beginning of sentence 3
(reproduced below)?
Modern reptiles are probably not directly related to the dinosaurs.
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(A).
(B).
(C).
(D).
(E).
In any case,
It is believed that
As it turns out, though,
They now say that
Moreover, it appears that
31. In context, which is the best way to revise and combine sentences 6 and 7 (reproduced
below)?
That claim may sound incredible. It is based on extensive fossil evidence.
(A). As incredible as that claim may sound, it is based on extensive fossil evidence.
(B). That claim may sound incredible, but he based it on extensive fossil evidence.
(C). The claim is based on extensive fossil evidence, but they sound incredible to us.
(D). That claim sounds incredible; it will need to be based on extensive fossil evidence.
(E). Based on extensive fossil evidence, that claim may yet have sounded incredible.
32. In context, which of the following would be the most effective revision of the underlined
portion of sentence 10 (reproduced below)?
There was, similarly, one astonishing difference between this fossil and any dinosaur fossil
previously found.
(A). obviously
(B). however
(C). they claimed
(D). therefore
(E). in retrospect
33. In context, which is the best way to deal with sentence 13 (reproduced below)?
Ancient Greek is a language that lends itself to forming logical compound words such as
these.
(A). Insert it immediately after sentence 1.
(B). Delete it from the passage.
(C). Change “is” to “was”.
(D). Change “lends” to “lent”.
(E). Change “these” to “Archaeopteryx”.
34. In context, which of the following would be the most effective revision of the underlined
portion of sentence 14 (reproduced below)?
In the years since that discovery, scientists have unearthed other unique fossils.
(A). many others
(B). many interesting fossils
(C). more of these kinds of fossils
(D). other fossils that confirm the link between dinosaurs and birds
(E). fossils that provide evidence disproving these early findings
35. Where in the passage would be the following sentence best be inserted?
It was then that a worker in a German limestone quarry accidentally discovered an unusual
fossil.
(A). Immediately before sentence 5
(B). Immediately before sentence 9
(C). Immediately before sentence 11
(D). Immediately before sentence 12
(E). Immediately before sentence 15
Section 10
1. Just after returning home, the discovery was made that the basement had flooded during our
absence.
(A). Just after returning home, the discovery was made
(B). Just after returning home, we discovered
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(C). Having just returned home was when we discovered
(D). We returned home, just thereafter we discovered
(E). Our discovery, just after we returned home,
2.
Unlike other members of the bear family, which rely at least in part on a diet of insects, fish,
mammals, or other meat, but pandas are primarily vegetarians and eat mainly bamboo.
(A). but pandas are
(B). but a panda is
(C). pandas are
(D). pandas, which are
(E). that of a panda is
3.
Maya Lin is best known for designing the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, but her work also
including buildings, furniture, and sculptures in stone, wood, and glass.
(A). but her work also including
(B). but her work also includes
(C). but her work also having included
(D). her work also includes
(E). then her work also includes
4.
The Mansion House, once home to a thriving utopian community, remained closed to the
public for over a century and reopening as a museum in 1987.
(A). century and reopening
(B). century, it reopened
(C). century but reopened
(D). century, when reopening
(E). century, so reopening
5.
Voicing their concern about heavy traffic near the school, the town council’s plan to build a
bypass was supported by local parents.
(A). the town council’s plan to build a bypass was supported by local parents.
(B). local parents supported the town council’s plan to build a bypass
(C). a plan by the town council to build a bypass was supported by local parents
(D). a bypass was planned by the town council and local parents supported building it
(E). building a bypass was planned by the town council and supported by local parents
6.
Diamond is harder than any other naturally occurring mineral, and the reason is because its
carbon atoms are arranged in a strongly bonded crystal structure.
(A). mineral, and the reason is because
(B). mineral; and the reason for it is that
(C). mineral and because
(D). mineral because
(E). mineral by
7.
Relatively little is known about the Suminoe oyster, which is new to the Chesapeake Bay, this
has resulted in it being difficult for scientists to decide whether it may disturb the ecosystem
there.
(A). Bay, this has resulted in it being difficult
(B). Bay, which have resulted in difficulty
(C). Bay, and results in difficulty
(D). Bay; they result in difficulty
(E). Bay; as a result, it is difficult
8.
The reason that many films succeed is that it reflects the private yearnings of audiences.
(A). is that it reflects
(B). is that they reflect
(C). is because of reflecting
(D). are because they reflect
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(E). are their reflection of
9.
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin used x-rays to discover the chemical structures of penicillin and
vitamin B12, winning a Nobel Prize for her work.
(A). winning a Nobel Prize for her work.
(B). she then won a Nobel Prize for her work
(C). this work won her a Nobel Prize
(D). she won a Nobel Prize for her work
(E). her work having won a Nobel Prize for her
10. Although the development of an all-electric airplane is more problematic and complex than
an all-electric car, several aeronautical companies are working to design and build all-electric
airplanes.
(A). an all-electric car
(B). all-electric cars
(C). those of an all-electric car
(D). an all-electric car being developed
(E). the development of an all-electric car
11. In appearance much like the traditional yellow-fleshed Peruvian potato, Canadian researchers
developed the hybrid Yukon Gold potato about 30 years ago.
(A). Canadian researchers developed the hybrid Yukon Gold potato
(B). Canadian researchers have developed the hybrid Yukon Gold potato
(C). the hybrid Yukon Gold potato was developed by Canadian researchers
(D). however, the hybrid Yukon Gold potato was developed by Canadian researchers
(E). but the hybrid Yukon Gold potato was developed by Canadian researchers
12. One of the few marine mammals that makes use of tools are the Indian Ocean bottlenose
dolphin, which uses sea sponges to stir sand on the ocean floor while hunting for prey.
(A). that makes use of tools are
(B). that make use of tools are
(C). to make use of tools is
(D). to make use of tools are
(E). to make use of tools,
13. The Institute’s exhibition of pictures of Arctic animals displays a firm commitment and a
deep interest in the conversation of the world’s endangered animal species.
(A). displays a firm commitment
(B). display a firm commitment
(C). displays a firm commitment to
(D). display a firm commitment to
(E). that display a firm commitment
14. In addition to scientific talent, Santiago Ramon y Cajal had artistic talent, as is evidenced by
the excellent drawings in his papers about the nervous system.
(A). as is evidenced by the excellent drawings
(B). which the excellent drawings are seen to be evidence of and appeared
(C). the excellent drawings which are evidence of this are
(D). his excellent drawings as evidence, appearing
(E). to be evidenced of in the excellent drawings
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SET30. 2012. 5.
1. Some researchers think that vertical farms—multistory greenhouses used for growing
food—may benefit society by conserving land, recycling wastewater, and reduction in
fossil-fuel emissions.
(A) reduction in
(B) they reduce
(C) to reduce
(D) reducing
(E) through reduction in
2. An entire ant colony working together can solve problems, such as when they find the shortest
path to a food source, that are impossible for an individual ant to solve.
(A) such as when they find
(B) such as finding of
(C) such as finding
(D) like the finding of
(E) like their finding of
3. The brains of infants have many more neural connections than the brains of adults do, but
they are much less efficient.
(A) but they are much less efficient
(B) but it is much less efficient
(C) but the efficiency being lower
(D) they are much less efficient
(E) their efficiency is much lower, though
4. Arctic sea ice first freezes and it forms layers of ice crystals and these are both flexible and
almost transparent.
(A) Arctic sea ice first freezes and it forms layers of ice crystals and these
(B) Arctic sea ice first freezes, as it then formed layers of ice crystals that
(C) When arctic sea freezes first, it would form layers of ice crystals that
(D) When arctic sea ice first freezes , it forms layers of ice crystals that
(E) Layers of ice crystals occurring when arctic sea ice first freezes and
5. New research indicates that regular aerobic exercise can improve brain performance by its
boosting of memory and cognitive processing speed.
(A) performance by its boosting of
(B) performance by boosting of
(C) performance by boosting
(D) performance ,its boost of
(E) performance ,it boosts
6. Having already become famous for his Arctic expedition, polar explorer Fridtjof Nansen won
the Nobel Peace Prize in 1922 for his humanitarian work.
(A) Having already become
(B) His having already become
(C) He had already been
(D) He was already
(E) He, being already
7. Famous for their fantastic allegories, the works of Argentine author Jorge Luis Borges have
been international acclaimed.
(A) have been international acclaimed
(B) have been acclaimed internationally
(C) had their acclaim internationally
(D) was acclaimed international
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(E) was acclaimed internationally
8. Some critics insist that Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, although a great humanitarian, is only a
mediocre writer.
(A) although a great humanitarian, is only a mediocre writer
(B) despite great humanitarian, is only mediocre when judged as to writing
(C) even when being judged a great humanitarian, is a mediocre writer only
(D) even when noted for his great humanitarianism, only a mediocre writer
(E) while being a great humanitarian, but only a mediocre writer
9. Defying expectations that she pursued a career in medicine, Amy Tan chose to become a
writer.
(A) pursued
(B) pursues
(C) will pursue
(D) would pursue
(E) had pursued
10. Women in developing countries who want to start small business often benefit economically
from microcredit, a practice in which she is lent modest amounts of money.
(A) in which she is lent
(B) when she is lent
(C) whereby they are lent
(D) they are lent
(E) lending her
11. In the review of her latest play, the playwright was praised as highly for her innovative
plotlines and because of her remarkable perception of audience expectation.
(A) and because of her remarkable perception of
(B) and because she was remarkably perceptive of
(C) and was remarkably perceptive with
(D) as for her remarkable perception of
(E) as well as being remarkably perceptive with
12. When we went (A) on a camping trip last summer, my cousin and me (B) rowed across (C) a
lake that lies between (D) two mountain peaks .No error (E)
13. After (A) studying plants that thrive (B) in warm climates and those (C) that do not, scientists
concluding (D) that a plant’s heat tolerance is determined by a particular gene. No error (E)
14. There is (A) basic differences between computer memory and human memory that make (B)
it unlikely (C) that one can replace the other (D). No error (E)
15. Having been (A) Leslie’s teammate for (B) three basketball seasons, Claire knew that Leslie
had (C) the experience and temperament requiring of (D) a good team captain. No error (E)
16. My uncle’s house, like many others built (A) during (B) the 1950s, were (C) designed in the
ranch style that is still (D) popular today. No error (E)
17. As the river current accelerated through the narrowing (A) canyon walls, the kayakers had to
be particular careful (B) to avoid the rocks that would (C) suddenly (D) appear in front of
them. No error (E)
18. A leopard’s spots serve as camouflage not because they were shaped (A) like leaves and
branches but (B) because they form a micropattern that enables the animal to blend into (C) its
(D) woodland background. No error (E)
19. Located on (A) the firefly’s lower abdomen is (B) a mass of luminescent cells in which
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oxygen combines (C) with a substance called luciferin to produce (D) the insect’s distinctive
glow. No error (E)
20. In her (A) fiction, Nella Larsen explored the minds of (B) her characters in great detail and
making (C) them not only believable but also (D) fascinating to the reader. No error (E)
21. A human runner amazed the world in 2004 by winning (A) the Man versus Horse Marathon,
it (B) has pitted hundreds of people against (C) horses every year since (D) 1980. No error (E)
22. Evidence discovered in regions that were once (A) part of Roman Empire suggest that (B) the
Romans used a covering called (C) a hipposandal to protect (D) their horses’ hooves . No
error (E)
23. If it had been (A) up to my sisters and I (B), we would have spent (C) every summer vacation
at our cousins’ house, which was (D) right on the lake. No error (E)
24. Greenland’s vast glaciers contain (A) so much (B) frozen water that should they melt, sea
levels would rise (C) worldwide, altering (D) coastlines everywhere. No error (E)
25. The domed shell of a box turtle is hinged at (A) the bottom, allowing (B) the animal to close
their (C) shell tightly to evade (D) predators. No error (E)
26. The leopard frog, so named (A) because of the irregularly shaped on its (B) back and legs, are
(C) found throughout much of (D) North America. No error (E)
27. Commercial growers tend to (A) breed tomato plants for qualities that increase (B) the
profitability of a crop, such as resistance of (C) disease, rather than (D) for flavor and
nutritional value. No error (E)
28. Historically (A), fewer than twenty percent of the pop songs identified (B) by music
executives as likely (C) to be hits have performed as expected (D). No error (E)
29. That (A) the country is now politically stable and economically robust and will (B) almost
certainly continue to do so (C) is (D) no longer seriously doubted. No error (E)
Questions 30-35 refer to the following passage.
(1)Until recently, university librarians safeguarded rare books and manuscripts from all but the
most scholarly hands. (2)Given the fragility of such materials, preservation should outweigh
accessibility. (3)Inexperienced college students, nonetheless, were assumed to have little need to
access rare holdings.
(4)But many librarians started questioning this. (5)They noted that certain rare works, such as
those printed on animal skin, are sturdier than previously thought. (6)In the case of fragile
documents, they reasoned, increased access could protect works. (7)It could reveal damage, such
as mold growth, that might otherwise spread. (8)Thus, if students were given basic training in
handing fragile documents, they could actually help preserve the collection by reporting damage.
(9)After all, only through hands-on contact could a student fully observe and analyze the great
care taken in binding and illustrating a first edition Robin Hood or the handwriting on a letter from
Anne Boleyn.
(10)Thanks to the librarians’ shift in thinking, students in many universities are gaining just
this kind of access to rare documents. (11)Literature students can analyze D.H. Lawrence’s careful
revisions to the text of Sons and Lovers. (12)Similarly, history students are able to turn the pages
of magazines in which monthly installments of Oliver Twist were originally published amid ads
for saddles and ointments. (13)This sort of access allows them to experience Dickens’ novel in
much the same way its first readers in the 1830s did. (14)Even art students benefited: they gained
a deeper appreciation of artist-designed books—which are as unique as paintings or sculptures—
by viewing them firsthand.
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30. In context, which would be best to place at the beginning of sentence 2 (reproduced below)?
Given the fragility of such materials, preservation should outweigh accessibility.
(A) Their thinking behind this was that.
(B) They now say that,
(C) They believed that,
(D) As it happens, though,
(E) Moreover, it seems that
31. In context, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 3(reproduced
below)?
Inexperienced college students, nonetheless, were assumed to have little need to access rare
holdings.
(A) (as it is now)
(B) in particular
(C) however
(D) broadly speaking
(E) fortunately
32. In context, which of the following phases would most effectively replace the word “this” in
the sentence 4(reproduced below)?
But many librarians started questioning this.
(A) them
(B) the purpose of rare documents
(C) the wisdom of this
(D) all of that
(E) the validity of such thinking
33. In context, which of the following is the most effectively way to revise and combine sentence
6 and 7(reproduced below) at the underlined portion?
In the case of fragile documents, they reasoned, increased access could protect works. It could
reveal damage, such as mold growth, that might otherwise spread.
(A) They reasoned that increased access to fragile documents, by revealing damage, could protect
works
(B) Even in the case of fragile documents, they reasoned, increased access could protect works
by revealing damage
(C) Consequently, in the case of fragile documents, they reasoned that increased access could
protect works, revealing damage
(D) But their reasoning was that in the case of fragile documents, increased access could protect
words by revealing damage
(E) Although increased access could protect fragile documents, they reasoned, in revealing
damage
34. In context, which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence
14(reproduced below)?
Even art students benefited: they gained a deeper appreciation of artist-designed books—
which are as unique as paintings or sculpture—by viewing them firsthand.
(A) (as it is now)
(B) benefited, having gained
(C) can benefit, gaining
(D) are benefiting as they gained
(E) who benefit by gaining
35. When in the passage would the following sentence best be inserted?
Moreover, the librarians realized that, by handing rare documents, students could gain much
information not obtainable from electronic or printed copies.
(A) Immediately after sentence 2
(B) Immediately after sentence 4
(C) Immediately after sentence 8
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(D) Immediately after sentence 11
(E) Immediately after sentence 14
1. Although today’s children certainly need to learn to type on computer keyboards, they also
need to develop legible handwriting for doing homework, completing classwork, and to take
notes.
(A) and to take notes
(B) and whenever taking notes is done
(C) and taking notes
(D) also taking notes
(E) with taking notes being included
2. While visiting our cousins in the Spanish city of Granada, the palace and fortress called the
Athambra was seen, with its splendid courts, fountains, and gardens .
(A) the palace and fortress called the Alhambra was seen, with its
(B) the palace and fortress called the Alhambra was what we saw; it has
(C) we saw the Alhambra, a palace and fortress; its having
(D) we saw the Alhambra, a palace and fortress with
(E) seeing the Alhambra, a palace and fortress with
3. Bees that are fed pollen from a range of different plants appear to have healthier immune
systems than do bees that are fed pollen from a single type of plant.
(A) plants appear to have healthier immune systems
(B) plants and appear to have a healthier immune system
(C) plants, appearing to have healthier immune systems
(D) plants, which appear to have a healthier immune system
(E) plants, their immune systems appear healthier
4. When driving in hilly areas on icy roads, snow tires are what you need on your vehicle for
traction.
(A) snow tires are what you need on your vehicle for traction
(B) there is a need for snow tires on your vehicle for traction
(C) what is needed for traction is snow tires on your vehicle
(D) traction requires snow tires on your vehicle
(E) you need snow tires on your vehicle for traction
5. In 1977 Tracy Austin became the youngest tennis player to win a professional tournament
when she captured a title in Oregon aged fourteen years.
(A) tournament when she captured a title in Oregon aged fourteen years
(B) tournament aged fourteen years when she captured a title in Oregon
(C) tournament when she captured a title in Oregon, being age fourteen
(D) tournament when, at the age of fourteen, she captured a tide in Oregon
(E) tournament, she was fourteen years old when she captured a title in Oregon
6. Slightly more than 48 percent of the country's population lives in urban areas, where the
remainder lives in rural communities.
(A) areas, where the remainder lives
(B) areas, with the remainder living
(C) areas, the remainder lives
(D) areas: but the remainder living
(E) areas, the remainder is living
7.
By removing vital nutrients from the water, a decline in Lake Michigan's fish populations
was caused by quagga mussels.
(A) a decline in Lake Michigan's fish populations was caused by quagga mussels
(B) Lake Michigan's declining fish populations were caused by quagga mussels
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(C) Lake Michigan's fish populations are declining, caused by quagga mussels
(D) quagga mussels having caused a decline in Lake Michigan's fish populations
(E) quagga mussels have caused a decline in Lake Michigan's fish populations
8.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Most inks used today contain chemical pigments that are nonbiodegradable and can prevent
paper products from being recyclable, pigments made from algae break-down more easily.
from being recyclable, pigments
from being recyclable, but pigments
to be recyclable, while pigments
being recyclable unlike pigments
so that they are not recyclable, however pigments
9.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
The transformation of an animal into a person, or the reverse, are parts of many a folktale.
reverse, are pans
reverse, are a part
reverse, is part
reverse; they are parts
reverse being part
10. A professional chocolate buyer recently said that his job is much easier than how it was for
his predecessors because he can search the Internet for new chocolate products.
(A) how it was for his predecessors
(B) his predecessors
(C) his predecessors who did it
(D) those who preceded him
(E) that of his predecessors
11. The port city of Shanghai, which along with Hong Kong is a leading, Chinese banking and
manufacturing center.
(A) Shanghai, which along with Hong Kong is
(B) Shanghai is, along with Hong Kong,
(C) Shanghai, along with Hong Kong being
(D) Shanghai, along with Hong Kong
(E) Shanghai and Hong Kong are
12. Like her husband, Jackson Pollock, Lee Krasner was an Abstract Expressionist artist, and her
and Pollock influenced each other's work.
(A) her and Pollock influenced
(B) she and Pollock influenced
(C) she and Pollock having influenced
(D) herself and Pollock influencing
(E) the two of them both influenced
13. Despite living only to the age of forty, the music of John Coltrane, it inspired a generation of
writers, musicians, and artists.
(A) the music of John Coltrane, it
(B) the music of John Coltrane
(C) John Coltrane's music
(D) John Coltrane created music that
(E) John Coltrane created music, it
14. The swiftest animal on Earth, the cheetah can reach a top speed of about 70 miles per hour, it
can maintain that speed for no more than 300 yards.
(A) hour, it can
(B) hour but can
(C) hour, though they can
(D) hour, but they can
(E) hour, however, it can
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SET31. 2012. 10
Section 4
1. William Dalrymple's book is not only a gripping tale of politics and power and also evidence
of the complexity of cross-cultural relationships.
(A) and also
(B) but also
(C) as well as
(D) in addition
(E) and
2.
Walking out of the theater, it was agreed by my sister and me that the movie was vastly
overrated.
(A) it was agreed by my sister and me
(B) it was agreed by my sister and I
(C) my sister and me, we agreed
(D) my sister and me agreed
(E) my sister and I agreed
3.
When packing for a trip, you should follow the advice offered in many magazine articles:
choose wrinkle- free clothing in black and in neutral colors.
(A) you should follow the advice offered in many magazine articles
(B) you would follow the advice offered from many magazine articles
(C) follow the advice with many magazine articles
(D) the advice in many magazine articles is offered and one should follow it
(E) many magazine articles would offer advice to be followed
4.
Home fuel cells, already available in Japan, which is a compact, pollution-free device that
produce electricity at a fraction of the regular cost.
(A) which is a compact, pollution-free device
(B) a compact, pollution-free device
(C) these devices are compact, pollution-free,
(D) is a compact, pollution-free device
(E) are compact, pollution-free devices
5.
Because writers in colonial America had to pay their own printing costs, authorship was
largely a profession with those who were relatively wealthy.
(A) authorship was largely a profession with those who were
(B) authorship was largely a profession of the
(C) authorship, largely a profession of the
(D) authorship having largely been a profession for those who were
(E) therefore authorship was largely a profession for the
6.
The program is one of many projects included in the ambitious Copenhagen Climate Plan, it
aims to make the Danish capital carbon neutral by 2025.
(A) it aims
(B) its aim is
(C) where they aim
(D) which aims
(E) which is aimed
7.
In a Zen rock garden, stones are positioned to represent islands, and the surrounding gravel is
raked to form patterns that suggests ocean waves.
(A) patterns that suggests
(B) patterns suggesting
(C) patterns, they suggest
(D) patterns; which suggest
(E) patterns; this suggesting
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8.
Until relatively recently humans were thought to be uniquely self-aware, scientists now know
that most chimpanzees and orangutans can recognize their own reflections.
(A) scientists now know
(B) but scientists now know
(C) but scientists who now know
(D) however, scientists now know
(E) but with scientists now knowing
9.
Evidence of the prehistoric hunter-gatherers who once occupied the Grand Canyon includes
animal figurines made out of split and woven twigs as well as rock-art panels and stone tools.
(A) who once occupied the Grand Canyon includes
(B) that once occupied the Grand Canyon include
(C) when they occupied the Grand Canyon include
(D) once occupying the Grand Canyon including
(E) who at one time occupied the Grand Canyon, including
10. After scheduling it for demolition, the hundred-year-old building was instead moved to a new
location.
(A) After scheduling it for demolition, the hundred-year-old building was instead moved
(B) After scheduling the hundred-year-old building for demolition, it was instead moved
(C) After being scheduled for demolition, they instead moved the hundred-year-old building
(D) Having been scheduled for demolition, they instead moved the hundred-year-old
building
(E) Having been scheduled for demolition, the hundred-year-old-building was instead
moved
11. Because Earth's gravity is greater than the Moon's, the energy expended in traveling from
Earth to the Moon is greater than the opposite direction.
(A) the opposite
(B) traveling in the opposite
(C) if one travels in the opposite
(D) that of traveling in the opposite
(E) that expended in traveling in the opposite
12. A passion fruit, which is (A) about the size (B) of an egg, has (C) a brittle outer shell that
became (D) slightly wrinkled when the fruit is ripe. No error (E)
13. Across the street (A) from the new bookstore and coffee shop were (B) an old, dilapidated
playground whose (C) broken equipment and overgrown weeds attested to long neglect (D).
No error (E)
14. Because perspiration does not (A) evaporate efficient (B) at high humidity, humid air often
feels warmer (C) to us (D) than would dry air at the same temperature. No error (E)
15. Hull House was founded by (A) Jane Addams as a community project in which (B) people of
the neighborhood joined trained social workers to provide (C) day care, schooling, meals, and
they offer many (D) other services. No error (E)
16. Although Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit was far from being (A) the only (B) eighteenth-century
scientist to propose (C) a temperature scale, but his (D) was one of the few that were widely
used. No error (E)
17. Often used interchangeable (A) in recipes, the nectarine and the peach share (B) many
characteristics, but the skin of a nectarine is smoother (C) than that of a peach (D). No error
(E)
18. Speed-reading was once promoted mainly (A) to people who were eager (B) to catch up on
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recreational reading, but now the method appeals to (C) busy executives coping about (D)
information overload. No error (E)
19. Like former British prime minister Margaret Thatcher, who (A) studied chemistry in college,
German chancellor Angela Merkel was initially (B) drawn to (C) the sciences, earning (D) a
doctorate in physics before entering politics. No error (E)
20. When the first department stores opened in the late nineteenth century, they (A) were
cavernous, no-frills storerooms that stock (B) a hodgepodge of items previously available (C)
only from (D) specialty merchants. No error (E)
21. Although the author has presented (A) her book to the publisher as a (B) fact-based memoir,
she later confessed that it had been entirely (C) fabricated (D). No error (E)
22. Because oysters eat by filtering (A) nutrients through their gills, their health is affected by (B)
the quality of the water passing (C) through it (D). No error (E)
23. All morning long (A) my friend and I waited patiently (B) in the courtroom to hear (C)
whether we would be selected as a juror (D) in the upcoming trial. No error (E)
24. Researchers recognize that (A) the cuttlefish has an extraordinary ability (B) to camouflage
itself, but they (C) have only a rough understanding of how (D) it does so. No error (E)
25. The plunging cost of genome-sequencing technologies are (A) expected to give people
unprecedented (B) opportunities to examine (C) their own (D) genetic profiles. No error (E)
26. It was not until 1982, the year two major supermarket chains began (A) replacing paper bags
with (B) plastic ones, when (C) the use of plastic shopping bags became (D) widespread. No
error (E)
27. Because (A) the high-altitude regions where it lives (B) have (C) cold temperatures, dry soil,
and growing seasons are short (D), the bristlecone pine grows very slowly. No error (E)
28. Country-and-western musicians, who (A) in the past were thought to lack (B) market
consciousness, are (C) now seen as one of (D) the most commercially savvy performers in
show business. No error (E)
29. New Jersey's Atlantic City still uses wooden planks for their (A) boardwalk, even though (B)
other towns have begun using (C) plastic planks, which last far longer (D). No error (E)
(1) In 1902 an engineer named Willis Carrier designed an air-cooling system for a
Brooklyn printing company. (2) Little did Carrier suspect that his "Apparatus for Treating
Air," the first modern air conditioner, had changed the way people in the United States
worked and lived.
(3) At first, they used such devices exclusively in private industry. (4) Their ability to
cool indoor environments improved worker productivity and protected products as various as
chocolate, film, and leather from heat damage. (5) Likewise, starting in the 1920s,
air-conditioning increasingly appeared in public settings—most dramatically in the modern
movie house, which it transformed. (6) Before air-conditioning, theater owners typically lost
money in the summer, when the heat and poor ventilation made theaters unappealing. (7) In
1925 Carrier persuaded Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures to install air-conditioning in the
Rivoli Theater in Manhattan. (8) The experiment was an enormous success. (9) Crowds
flocked to the Rivoli. (10) Over the next five years, more than 300 movie theaters in the
United States would follow the Rivoli's example.
(11) Movie theaters were just the beginning. (12) The introduction of air-conditioning
into public areas, such as stores and restaurants, not only made those areas more comfortable
but also created a demand for the same level of comfort in the home. (13) As the cost of the
new technology came down, air-conditioned houses became a fixture of modern American
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life. (14) For example, porches became less common as the need to take advantage of breezes
disappeared, a trend that prompted some social critics to voice concerns about the loss of
contact with nature and neighbors. (15) Still, Zukor was right when he said of
air-conditioning, "The people are going to like it."
30. Where in the passage would the following sentence best be placed?
Air-conditioning even altered the way those houses were designed.
(A) Immediately before sentence 3
(B) Immediately before sentence 6
(C) Immediately before sentence 9
(D) Immediately before sentence 12
(E) Immediately before sentence 14
31. In context, which of the following revisions to sentence 2 (reproduced below) is most
needed?
Little did Carrier suspect that his "Apparatus for Treating Air," the first modern air
conditioner, had changed the way people in the United States worked and lived.
(A) Change "Little did Carrier suspect" to "Carrier did not suspect".
(B) Change "his" to "this".
(C) Insert "which was" before "the first modern air conditioner".
(D) Change "had changed" to "would change".
(E) Change "people" to "individuals".
32. In context, which is the best way to revise and combine the underlined portion of sentences 3
and 4 (reproduced below)?
At first, they used such devices exclusively in private industry. Their ability to cool indoor
environments improved worker productivity and protected products as various as chocolate,
film, and leather from heat damage.
(A) they used such devices exclusively in private industry, and their
(B) they used Carrier's device exclusively in private industry, as its
(C) these devices were used exclusively in private industry because their
(D) when these devices were used exclusively in private industry, their
(E) Carrier's device was used exclusively in private industry, where its
33. In context, which of the following expressions would best be inserted at the beginning of
sentence 7 (reproduced below)?
In 1925 Carrier persuaded Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures to install air-conditioning in
the Rivoli Theater in Manhattan.
(A) Nevertheless,
(B) Similarly,
(C) More importantly,
(D) Rejecting this argument,
(E) Responding to this problem,
34. In context, which revision of the underlined portion of sentence 9 (reproduced below) adds
information that is most relevant?
Crowds flocked to the Rivoli.
(A) Rivoli, eager to be present at the theater's widely advertised reopening
(B) Rivoli, which was named after a famous street in Paris
(C) Rivoli, as much to escape the heat as to see the movies
(D) Rivoli, which was a Greek Revival building designed by Thomas W. Lamb
(E) Rivoli, which previously had not had air-conditioning
35. Which sentence is best placed after sentence 15 to conclude the passage?
(A) The price of air-conditioning units, however, has held steady, even though they are now
globally produced.
(B) Of course, the popularity of something is no guarantee that its creator will benefit
financially from it.
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(C) Nowadays, air-conditioning is so common in the United States that most people don't
give it a second thought—except when it's not working.
(D) Zukor himself progressed from exhibiting movies to producing them, eventually
becoming the head of the Paramount Pictures Corporation.
(E) On the contrary, air-conditioning is sure to be supplanted by more efficient cooling
systems that have less of an impact on the environment.
Section 10
1. Lorena Ochoa has been recognized not only as a champion golfer but also being a
humanitarian, having created a foundation to support young people in Mexico.
(A) but also being
(B) but also as
(C) she also is
(D) also that she is
(E) and also as
2.
Relations between the United States and China began to thaw in 1971, when the Chinese
table-tennis team invited its American counterpart to play in a series of exhibition matches.
(A) when the Chinese table-tennis team invited
(B) where the Chinese table-tennis team had invited
(C) as the Chinese table-tennis team invites
(D) that was when the Chinese table-tennis team invited
(E) the Chinese table-tennis team invited
3.
Crows and their relatives—which include ravens, magpies, and jays—are renowned for their
intelligence and the capability to flourish in landscapes dominated by humans.
(A) the capability
(B) are capable
(C) how they are able
(D) their ability
(E) to be able
4.
Leaders of programs that promote gender equity frequently point to the role that parents and
educators play in promoting young women's interest in science, technology, and math.
(A) play in promoting
(B) plays in promoting
(C) is playing to promote
(D) plays to promote
(E) having played in promoting
5.
Although all primates use vocal and facial expressions to communicate, only the great
apes—chimpanzees, bonobos, orangutans, and gorillas—use gestures as well, they share this
behavior with humans.
(A) they share this behavior
(B) this behavior is shared
(C) sharing which behavior
(D) a behavior shared by them
(E) a behavior they share
6.
When boarding a train, one should stand to the side and allow other travelers to disembark
before you attempt to enter.
(A) you attempt to enter
(B) you attempted to enter
(C) you enter
(D) attempting to enter
(E) one attempted entering
7.
Medieval Icelandic sagas, which range from epic tales about legendary figures to factual
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accounts of Icelandic history.
(A) sagas, which range
(B) sagas, they range
(C) sagas, ranging
(D) sagas ranges
(E) sagas range
8.
9.
Distinguished by its highly repetitive rhyme scheme, many poets have used the villanelle, a
poetic form, including Dylan Thomas and Sylvia Plath.
(A) many poets have used the villanelle, a poetic form, including Dylan Thomas and Sylvia
Plath
(B) many poets, including Dylan Thomas and Sylvia Plath, have used the villanelle, a poetic
form
(C) the villanelle is a poetic form that has been used by many poets, including Dylan
Thomas and Sylvia Plath
(D) the villanelle, a poetic form that many poets, including Dylan Thomas and Sylvia Plath,
have used
(E) Dylan Thomas and Sylvia Plath were among the many poets who have used the
villanelle, a poetic form
Maize, like millet and sorghum, is a kind of grass, but being distinguished by its large seed
heads and matures more quickly than they do.
(A) but being distinguished by its large seed heads and matures more quickly than they do
(B) but it is distinguished from them by its large seed heads and quicker maturation
(C) but its large seed heads distinguish it from them and matures more quickly than they do
(D) and is distinguished by having large seed heads and also because it matures more
quickly than them
(E) which is distinguished by its large seed heads and by a maturation that is quicker than
they have
10. Before he was elected governor of New Mexico in 1918, Octaviano Larrazolo had helped to
ensure that the constitution of this new state guaranteed equal rights for Hispanic Americans.
(A) Larrazolo had helped
(B) Larrazolo has helped
(C) Larrazolo, helped
(D) Larrazolo, he helped
(E) Larrazolo, helping
11. The 1922 silent film The Toll of the Sea is notable both for being the first commercial movie
shot entirely in Technicolor and Chinese American actor Anna May Wong was starring in it.
(A) Chinese American actor Anna May Wong was starring in it
(B) Chinese American actor Anna May Wong starred in the film as well
(C) for starring Anna May Wong, a Chinese American actor
(D) its star was Chinese American actor Anna May Wong
(E) it starred Anna May Wong, a Chinese American actor
12. The inventor studied the tiny hooks on cockleburs that had stuck tightly to his clothing and
then created a fabric fastener that operated similarly in much the same way.
(A) clothing and then created a fabric fastener that operated similarly in much the same way
(B) clothing and then created a fabric fastener that operated similarly
(C) clothing, then creating a fabric fastener operating similarly in much the same way
(D) clothing, then a fabric fastener that operated similarly was created by him
(E) clothing, he then created a fabric fastener that operated similarly
13. In the United States, the legal systems of 49 of the states were modeled after English law, but
Louisiana was based on the Napoleonic Code and Roman law.
(A) but Louisiana
(B) although Louisiana
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(C) that of Louisiana
(D) whereas Louisiana's
(E) however Louisiana's
14. Our tour guide requested that, while hiking through the national park, our garbage not be
thrown on the trails.
(A) our garbage not be thrown
(B) our garbage should not be thrown
(C) not to throw our garbage
(D) we did not throw our garbage
(E) we not throw our garbage
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SET32. 2013. 1
Section 7
1. Until Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in the mid-1400s, reproducing a book
generally means writing it out again by hand.
(A) means writing
(B) has meant to write
(C) had meant you write
(D) meant writing
(E) would mean to write
2.
As a witness to the signing of the new bill, the two delegates were required to take an oath of
loyalty.
(A) As a witness to the signing
(B) As witnesses to the signing
(C) Being a witness to the signing
(D) To be the witness for the signing
(E) They were witnesses for the signing
3.
In 1994 a crater on Venus was named after Gertrude Bonnin, an early-twentieth-century
reformer and writer who was an advocate of civil rights for Native Americans.
(A) Venus was named
(B) Venus, it was named
(C) Venus, having been named
(D) Venus which was named
(E) Venus named
4.
If one looks at the sky from a dark site, far from brightly lit urban areas, you can see the
Milky Way arching over you.
(A) If one looks
(B) To look
(C) If you look
(D) When someone looks
(E) Look
5.
Maria Merian, who undertook an expedition to study insects in Suriname in 1699, when she
was fifty-two years old.
(A) Merian, who undertook an expedition to study
(B) Merian undertook an expedition to study
(C) Merian undertaking an expedition to study
(D) Merian, she undertook an expedition studying
(E) Merian has undertaken an expedition to study
6.
A giant otter reclining on a riverside log is as regal, and as spellbinding, as that of any
cheetah or tiger.
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(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
7.
as that of
compared to
like
than
as
Designed by Seattle architect James Cutler, these innovative dwellings are sensitive to their
natural setting, they complement the wooded outlines of the landscape.
(A) they complement
(B) also they complement
(C) complementing
(D) which complement
(E) and complementing
8.
In a study published in 2010, Japanese scientists found that people experience greater health
benefits from walking in the forest than if they walk in the city.
(A) than if they walk in the city
(B) than from walking in the city
(C) compared to a walk in the city
(D) compared to walking in the city
(E) than walks in the city
9.
One of the best examples of Moorish architectural design in Spain, the Alhambra is visited by
many people every year.
(A) the Alhambra is visited by many people
(B) the Alhambra that many people go to visit
(C) the Alhambra that has been visited by many people
(D) many people visit the Alhambra
(E) many people go to visit the Alhambra
10. Best known for acting in Swedish films, Liv Ullmann’s direction of this quintessentially
American play is superb.
(A) Liv Ullmann’s direction of this quintessentially American play is superb
(B) Liv Ullmann superbly directs this quintessentially American play
(C) Liv Ullmann, whose direction of this quintessentially American paly is superb
(D) the direction by Liv Ullmann of this quintessentially American play is superb
(E) this quintessentially American paly is superbly directed by Liv Ullmann
11. The bookstore sold three times as many textbooks this week as they ordinarily do in an entire
month.
(A) as they ordinarily do
(B) as they ordinarily sell
(C) as it ordinarily sells
(D) than they ordinarily sell
(E) than it ordinarily dose
12. Nora Ephron first became (A) known in the late 1960s as (B) a magazine journalist who has
wrote (C) feature articles about (D) cultural institutions and media personalities. No error (E)
13. The Navajo code talkers, recruited by (A) the United States Marine Corps during the Second
World War, they designed (B) a secret code that was (C) used to transmit (D) military
messages. No error (E)
14. Although some members of the jury suspected that the defendant was guilty, but none (A) of
the evidence against him (B) turned out to be (C) more than circumstantial (D). No error (E)
15. In the mid-1960s, producer Joan Ganz Cooney, one of (A) the founders of the Children’s
Television Workshop, asked educators to help (B) her develop an idea for (C) a children’s
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show that would be (D) both educational and entertaining. No error (E)
16. In 1936 mathematician Alan Turing proved that (A) a digital computer, which at the time
exists only (B) in theory, could be programmed to perform (C) the function of any other (D)
information-processing device. No error (E)
17. Born (A) around 46 C.E. in Greece, Plutarch is known primarily (B) for Parallel Lives, a
series of biographies in which he paired famous Romans with (C) famous Greeks and then
comparing (D) them in short essays. No error (E)
18. That there exist (A) an infinite number of worlds outside (B) our solar system were (C) first
hypothesized by the (D) sixteenth-century philosopher Giordano Bruno. No error (E)
19. Throughout (A) her legal career, Dorothy Miner worked to ensure that historic buildings in
New York City were designated as landmarks (B), protected by (C) the law, and adequately
(D) preserved. No error (E)
20. Using it (A) as a writing material in ancient Egypt, papyrus was made from (B) a type of (C)
plant that flourished (D) in the Nile Valley. No error (E)
21. The most engaging feature of (A) the election was (B) undoubtedly (C) the candidates’
debate with (D) foreign policy issues. No error (E)
22. Although (A) Elizabeth Bishop published relatively few (B) poems, those that exist are
astonishing masterful (C) in their (D) command of tone and detail. No error (E)
23. Known (A) in part for their (B) prominent appearance in the 1976 movie Rocky, the
Philadelphia Museum of Art is one of (C) the largest (D) museums in the United States. No
error (E)
24. The panda, whose (A) Chinese name means “bear cat,” resembles (B) the cat in (C) its ability
of contorting (D) its body into various shapes. No error (E)
25. Trained at (A) the National College of Arts in Lahore, Pakistan, artist Shahzia Sikander
employs (B) contemporary forms and styles to reinterpret (C) the traditional (D) South Asian
art of miniature painting. No error (E)
26. Scientists know from (A) the chemical composition of Antarctic ice that (B) there is (C) more
carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere today than the past (D) 650,000 years. No error (E)
27. In this production of (A) Hamlet, the actors periodically (B) turn their back (C) to the real
audience and appear to (D) address an imaginary audience on the other side of the stage. No
error (E)
28. The Chauvet Cave, a cave in France whose (A) paintings are considered (B) among the
world’s oldest art, contain more than (C) 70 renderings of (D) lions prancing alongside other
creatures. No error (E)
29. What most (A) impressed my friends and I (B) as we toured the mansion was a landscape
painting so vividly (C) realized that we at first thought it was (D) a window looking out onto
a sunlit meadow. No error (E)
(1) People respond to technological advances in widely varying ways. (2) Some
enthusiastically embrace every update. (3) Others resent virtually all innovation. (4) It is
evident in the ways that consumers acquire and use technology. (5) Certain people, called
early adopters, are eager to buy any new gadget, download any software upgrade, or
participate in any new form of Internet-based social networking. (6) At the other end of the
spectrum are people, known as resisters, who barely use modern technology at all. (7) A
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resister may nevertheless still use a manual typewriter or refuse to own a television set.
(8) Many early adopters brag about their latest acquisitions. (9)They entertain, or bore,
friends with tales of their adventures on the technological cutting edge. (10) Resisters berate
others for their dependence on trendy gadgetry. (11) They proudly call themselves Luddites,
after a group of nineteenth-century British workers who fought against industrialization.
(12) However, not many of us are so adventurous as early adopters or so technologically
conservative as resisters. (13) This moderate approach is probably sensible, because to be
either an early adopter or a resister carried real risks. (14) Zealous early adopters who rush
out to buy brand-new devices as soon as they are available often discover that these products
have significant technical problems, or “bugs,” that will be fixed only in later versions. (15)
And dedicated resisters may find themselves devoting hours to tasks that they could have
accomplished in minutes. (16) It is safer, then, and probably less costly, to occupy the large
middle ground between these two extremes.
30. In context, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 4 (reproduced
below)?
It is evident in the ways that consumers acquire and use technology.
(A) (As it is now)
(B) They are
(C) Such innovations are
(D) These different attitudes are
(E) Such enthusiasm also is
31. In context, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 7 (reproduced
below)?
A resister may nevertheless still use a manual typewriter or refuse to own a television set.
(A) (As it is now)
(B) may inevitably
(C) may, for example,
(D) may, in other words,
(E) may, by the same token,
32. Which of the following sentences, if inserted immediately before sentence8, would best
introduce the second paragraph?
(A) In 1950 only nine percent of United States households had television sets.
(B) People at the opposite ends of this technological divide tend to be very outspoken in
their attitudes.
(C) In the nineteenth century, numerous inventors in Europe tried to design a typewriter.
(D) Like their earlier counterparts, modern Luddites look back longingly to another era.
(E) Opposition to the notion of technological progress is a sentiment that is echoed
throughout history.
33. In context, which is the best way to revise and combine sentence 10 and 11 (reproduced
below) at the underlined portion?
Resisters berate others for their dependence on trendy gadgetry. They proudly call themselves
Luddites, after a group of nineteenth-century British workers who fought against
industrialization.
(A) Resisters likewise berate others for their dependence on trendy gadgetry and proudly
have called
(B) Resisters therefore berate others for their dependence on trendy gadgetry and proudly
call
(C) By contrast, resisters berate others for their dependence on trendy gadgetry, proudly
calling
(D) However, apart from berating others for their dependence on trendy gadgetry, resisters
would proudly call
(E) Although they berate others for their dependence on trendy gadgetry, resisters proudly
call
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34. In context, which revision to sentence 13 (reproduced below) is most needed?
This moderate approach is probably sensible, because to be either an early adopter or a
resister carried real risks.
(A) Change “This” to “Such a”.
(B) Change “is” to “was”.
(C) Change “probably” to “nevertheless”.
(D) Change “to be” to “being”.
(E) Change “carried” to “carries”.
35. In context, which is the best phrase to insert after “minutes” at the end of sentence 15
(reproduced below)?
And dedicated resisters may find themselves devoting hours to tasks that they could have
accomplished in minutes.
(A) by using modern devices
(B) with similar techniques
(C) if they were equally dedicated
(D) if they were not so set against it
(E) while also getting the same results
Section 10
1. After seeing initial test results, the engineers were curious about how did the new engine
maintain its remarkable level of fuel efficiency.
(A) did the new engine maintain
(B) did the new engine to maintain
(C) had the new engine to maintain
(D) the new engine maintained
(E) the new engine maintaining
2.
Yasmina Reza, a French playwright and novelist, is best known for her play Art, it has been
performed in more than 30 languages.
(A) Art, it has
(B) Art, also it has
(C) Art, which has
(D) Art, having
(E) Art and has
3.
Long before they can tackle a more difficult piano repertoire, most young pianists endure a
regimen of practicing scales, mastering arpeggios, and other technical exercises are learned.
(A) practicing scales, mastering arpeggios, and other technical exercises are learned
(B) practicing scales, mastering arpeggios, and they learn other technical exercises
(C) practicing scales, mastering arpeggios, and learning other technical exercises
(D) the practice of scales, master arpeggios, and learning other technical exercises
(E) the practice of scales, the mastery of arpeggios, and to learn other technical exercises
4.
The discovery of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was just about as significant to the study
of cognition than inventing the telescope was to the study of the stars.
(A) than inventing
(B) than the invention of
(C) as that of inventing
(D) as the invention of
(E) like having invented
5.
Having been hired to produce artwork for the museum at Bandelier National Monument,
Pablita Velarde created more than 70 paintings depicting scenes of Pueblo daily life.
(A) Pablita Velarde created more than 70 paintings depicting
(B) Pablita Velarde creating more than 70 paintings that depict
(C) Pablita Velarde’s creation of more than 70 paintings to depict
(D) more than 70 paintings created by Pablita Velarde depict
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(E) more than 70 paintings were created by Pablita Velarde and depicted
6.
An instrument invented by Benjamin Franklin but long forgotten, modern musicians have
resurrected the glass harmonica.
(A) modern musicians have resurrected the glass harmonica
(B) modern musicians who resurrected the glass harmonica
(C) the glass harmonica resurrected by modern musicians
(D) the glass harmonica has been resurrected by modern musicians
(E) the glass harmonica, which modern musicians have resurrected
7.
The number of black-tailed prairie dogs have declined dramatically in vast area of the Great
Plains, largely because of increased development in the region.
(A) have declined
(B) has declined
(C) are declining
(D) declining
(E) that declined
8.
During television’s early years, many stations broadcast programming only until midnight,
after which television screens will display a static image known as a test pattern.
(A) after which television screens will display
(B) after which television screens displayed
(C) after which television screens had displayed
(D) television screens display at that time
(E) television screens then displayed
9.
One of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century, W. V. O. Quine, who was
known for both his analytic precision and his great wit.
(A) Quine, who was known for both
(B) Quine, known both for
(C) Quine, he was known both for
(D) Quine was known for both
(E) Quine was both known for
10. The concept of plate tectonics, which explains the way huge sections of Earth’s crust
interacts with one another, was not developed until the 1960s.
(A) crust interacts with
(B) crust is interacting with
(C) crust, it interacts with
(D) crust, they interact with
(E) crust interact with
11. The one-woman shows of Anna Deavere Smith, they were inspired by her interviews with a
wide range of people, have established Smith’s reputation as one of theater’s most
electrifying performers.
(A) Smith, they were inspired by
(B) Smith, the inspiration for which were
(C) Smith, which, being inspired by
(D) Smith are inspired by
(E) Smith, inspired by
12. Some experts think that the rise of multi-language Internet forums has made learning a
foreign language easier than ever before.
(A) forums has made
(B) forums have made
(C) forums, which have made
(D) forums, making
(E) forums, having made
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13. The African continent comprises more than 50 countries, each diverse in their cultures and
languages.
(A) diverse in their
(B) diverse in its
(C) is diverse in its
(D) of them being diverse in their
(E) having diversity in their
14. The 2005 movie Beowulf & Grendel was filmed in Iceland, but one might suppose it to be
Denmark, where the poem Beowulf was originally set.
(A) Iceland, but one might suppose it to be
(B) Iceland, not, as one might suppose, in
(C) Iceland, however, one might suppose it was
(D) Iceland; not, as might be supposed,
(E) Iceland; although one might suppose it was filmed in
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SET33. 2013. 5
Section 4
1. The California gold rush of the mid-nineteenth century began in the Sierra foothills on a site
where John Sutter, an immigrant from Bavaria, had planned a sawmill to be built.
(A) a sawmill to be built
(B) a sawmill’s being built
(C) a sawmill would be built
(D) for building a sawmill
(E) to build a sawmill
2.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
3.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
4.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
5.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
6.
Some Tibetan monks consider butter to be not only a delicacy and also a substance of
spiritual value.
and also
as well as
but also
as to be
besides being
Sun and wind evaporate seawater, and the resulting fine, light crystal is known as “flower of
salt” and it is considered by some to be tastier and healthier than regular salt.
crystal is known as “flower of salt” and it is
crystal, being known as “flower of salt” and
crystal, it is known as “flower of salt” and
crystal, known as “flower of salt,” is
crystal known to be “flower of salt,” is
It is often disappointing for people who travel alone and find that cabins and hotels are
priced for two or more guests.
It is often disappointing for people who travel alone and
People traveling alone are often disappointed to
When people are traveling alone, it is often disappointing to
The disappointment for people traveling alone is often when they
It is often disappointing when people who are traveling alone and
Experts predict that in the near future unsolicited, commercial e-mail messages accounts for
more than 90 percent of all messages received by Internet users.
accounts
account
will account
will be accounted
could be accounted
Little Rock and Memphis have a museum commemorating the important roles these cities
played in changing the social landscape of the United States.
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(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
have a museum commemorating
has a museum commemorating
commemorating with a museum
have museums commemorating
commemorates in museums
7.
Known as the “founder of art in Texas,” admirers of Elisabet Ney immortalized her by
turning her Austin studio into an art museum.
admirers of Elisabet Ney immortalized her by turning her Austin studio into an art museum
Elisabet Ney's admirers turned her Austin studio into an art museum and immortalized her
when her admirers turned her Austin studio into an art museum, Elisabet Ney was
immortalized
Elisabel Ney was immortalized by admirers who turned her Austin studio into an art museum
the Austin studio of Elisabet Ney was immortalized by her admirers who turned it into an art
museum
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
8.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
9.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
In eighteenth-century America, smallpox had the power to disrupt lives, it shut down trade,
altered the routines sustaining ordinary existence, and raised questions about public health.
lives, it
lives: it
lives for the reason that it
lives; nevertheless, it
lives so it
Most newspaper companies save money by using offset printing, a printing method
whereby the ink is deposited on the surface of the page rather than impressing it into the
paper.
page rather than impressing it
page rather than impressed
page instead of impressing it
page, it is not impressed
page, they do not impress it
10. A dispute has arisen between Crystal City’s two competing department stores, each of
which sells mainly clothing, expensive jewelry, and unusual furniture.
(A) each of which sells
(B) each of them sells
(C) each of which selling
(D) both sell
(E) are selling
11. Neither the Dead Sea nor the Great Salt Lake have an outlet, such as a river, to carry water
away and lower its salt content.
(A) have an outlet, such as a river, to carry water away and lower
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(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
have outlets, such as rivers, for carrying water away and to lower
have an outlet like a river, carrying water away and lowering
has an outlet, such as a river, to carry water away and lower
has an outlet like rivers for carrying water away and to lower
12. The meteor shower being (A) best seen from (B) the naval observatory on Saturday (C) just
before (D) dawn. No error (E)
13. Because it is (A) critical to administer cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as soon as
possible in certain emergencies (B), health professionals are encouraging (C) persons which
(D) are not trained in CPR to sign up for courses. No error (E)
14. One of (A) the finest collections of Native American turquoise jewelry is (B) on display (C)
at the Millicent Rogers Museum, which occupies (D) a small adobe building in Taos, New
Mexico. No error (E)
15. Despite her desire to emphasizing (A) the soundness (B) of the car, the seller eventually
disclosed the most recent (C) repairs to it (D). No error (E)
16. As a favored member of the Elizabethan court, Sir Walter Raleigh assumed an independence
(A) that eventually (B) became intolerable to (C) the queen, who had long been (D) his friend
and benefactor. No error (E)
17. After spending (A) seventeen years underground, the periodical cicada, an insect often
confused with (B) the locust, emerge (C) for a few weeks in late spring to mate (D) and lay
its eggs. No error (E)
18. Indigo, the most widely used (A) blue dye for over (B) two thousand years, comes (C) from a
shrub called (D) “indigofera.” No error (E)
19. In contemporary fiction, ambiguous endings both (A) allow readers to imagine (B) their (C)
own stories and it forces (D) them to recognize life’s complexity. No error (E)
20. After 1986，trading on the London Stock Exchange has been computerized (A) to such (B) an
extent that (C) personal contact between (D) buyers and sellers became unnecessary. No error
(E)
21. Populations of insects that damage (A) crops can be targeted (B) chemically, with (C)
pesticides, or (D) biologically, with natural predators and parasites. No error (E)
22. Though generally insecure and excessively (A) deferential to the opinions (B) of others,
President Buchanan would sometimes adhere stubbornly on (C) an ill-advised policy, even in
the face of (D) vigorous public criticism. No error (E)
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23. Although the first crude sawmill in the Northwest was built (A) in 1827, commercial logging
on a large scale did not initially succeed there because (B) the distance from forest to market
was (C) so great (D). No error (E)
24. Many people who know us say that (A) the competitiveness between my best friend and I (B)
is more intense than (C) that between players on opposing teams (D). No error (E)
25. Although snowing furiously (A), all the students who had come (B) to visit the campus
intended to continue (C) the tour of the college grounds rather than go home (D). No error
(E)
26. Many adults today consider (A) themselves (B) a member of (C) a special group of
caretakers who care for both (D) their teenage children and their aging parents. No error (E)
27. Even though most (A) Americans deplore the shortsighted exploitation of nature and the
thoughtless disturbance of ecological balance, they are (B) still reluctant (C) to change it (D).
No error (E)
28. Critics contend that (A) the number of people who will be disadvantaged by (B) the new
legislation far exceeds those (C) who will benefit from it (D). No error (E)
29. Members of the senior staff may (A) have considered (B) the new employees threats to (C)
their security; however, they (D) had the full support of management. No error (E)
(1) If you have never had braces, it might seem strange to fantasize about the day you do not
have to haul toothbrush, toothpaste, and rubber bands around in your backpack; there it is—my
dream. (2) My braces have caused me to behave in ways I never could have predicted. (3) I sit
quietly by while all my friends socialize in front of foods that I can no longer eat. (4) I also adorn
my teeth with what looks like colorful tooth decorations. (5) Braces can improve your health as
well as your appearance.
(6) The stories about pain and suffering, like Frankenstein, that we read in English class have
become relevant to my experience. (7) After my monthly braces-tightening sessions at the
orthodontist’s office, my inevitable headache makes me sympathize with the terrible pressure
John Proctor feels in The Crucible. (8) This may sound pathetic to you, but ibuprofen is my best
friend.
(9) In addition to food deprivation and pain, I worried about my appearance when I started
wearing braces.(10) What made me feel better was finding out that actor Tom Cruise started
wearing braces. (11) Even though he can afford expensive special braces, it takes courage for a
star to admit to a physical flaw. (12) As our rewards, we’11 both have beautiful smiles when these
things finally come off.
(13) Actually, a mouthful of steel is not so bad when I can impress everyone with bands of
color on my teeth. (14) Still, all I can think about is pure, blinding white. (15) I dream about
having nothing in my mouth but old-fashioned teeth.
30. Which sentence is best to put at the beginning of the second paragraph, before sentence 6?
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(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
In spite of that, I will soon be able to eat whatever I like.
No matter what my smile may look like, braces still hurt.
In addition, many people have had the same experience.
Suddenly, you are a new person.
Sometimes I have to miss a class in order to visit the orthodontist.
31.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Which is the best sentence to place after sentence 11?
If he could appear wearing braces before the entire world, who was I to complain?
He had no idea he had problems with his teeth.
Even a famous person like Tom Cruise can’t avoid discomfort while wearing braces.
I would have liked to have had special braces too, but they just cost too much.
Tom Cruise and I have a lot in common, it turns out.
32.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
In context, what would be a more precise replacement for the word “things” in sentence 12 ?
helpers
materials
aids
unsightly contraptions
expensive attachments
33.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
The third paragraph (sentences 9-12) primarily serves to
relate an imaginary story
emphasize a contrast
describe a change in attitude
offer a solution to a problem
express disapproval of a celebrity
34. In context, which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 13
(reproduced below)?
Actually, a mouthful of steel is not so bad when I can impress everyone with bands of color
on my teeth.
(A) (As it is now)
(B) In fact, a mouthful of steel was not actually so bad
(C) It is not so bad to have actually a mouthful of steel
(D) Not actually so bad, I tell myself, but a mouthful of steel is okay
(E) A mouthful of steel is okay, not actually so bad, is what I tell myself
35.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Which sentence should be deleted?
1
5
8
11
15
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Section 10
1. Colleen worked to save up enough money to buy a car on weekends and during the summer.
(A) Colleen worked to save up enough money to buy a car on weekends and during the summer.
(B) Colleen worked on weekends, and also she worked during the summer, she wanted to save up
enough money to buy a car.
(C) Colleen worked on weekends and during the summer to save up enough money to buy a car.
(D) To save up enough money for buying a car, working on weekends, plus during the summer,
was what Colleen did.
(E) Working on weekends and during the summer, saving up enough money for a car was
Colleen’s goal.
2.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Marcus wanted to take a seat at the rear of the lecture hall so that his friends sitting near the
front do not see him.
do not
did not
would not
will not
cannot
3. The San Diego Zoo ranks among the top ten family attractions in the United States.
(A) The San Diego Zoo ranks among the top ten family attractions in the United States.
(B) For family attractions that are, in the United States, most popular, among the top ten is the
San Diego Zoo.
(C) Ranking in the top ten family attractions in the United States, the San Diego Zoo.
(D) Ranking the family attractions in the United States, the San Diego Zoo is in the top ten.
(E) The San Diego Zoo, whose rank is among family attractions, is listed in the ten most popular
in the United States.
4.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
5.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Blue lights flashing and a blare from the siren, the police car sped through the busy
intersection.
Blue lights flashing and a blare from the siren
With blue lights that flashed and a siren that is blaring
As blue lights flashed and the siren blares
With blue lights flashing and siren blaring
The blue lights flash and the siren blares
A museum in Cologne, Germany, not only has exhibits on the history of chocolate, and it
offers a view of a factory floor where visitors can watch a chocolate bar being made.
chocolate, and it offers
chocolate but also offers
chocolate, they also offer
chocolate and offers
chocolate, but also offering
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6.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
The flag is risen each morning over government buildings in Washington.
The flag is risen each morning over government buildings in Washington.
Each morning the flag is rising over government buildings in Washington.
The flag is raised each morning over government buildings in Washington.
Government buildings in Washington have the flag to be raised over them each morning.
Each morning the flag can be seen raising over government buildings in Washington.
7.
Not knowing that you will have to have a passport or birth certificate and photo identification
for the flight, Jeff and Meredith could not board the plane.
Not knowing that you will have to have
Not knowing that one must have had
Because they did not know they each needed
Without them knowing they needed
They did not know they must have
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
8.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
9.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Students in the origami class selected colorful sheets of paper, creased and folded it carefully,
and thus had created fanciful animal shapes.
creased and folded it carefully, and thus had created
then creased and folded them carefully to create
they creased and folded it carefully to create
creasing and folding it carefully to create
creased and folded them carefully, thus they created
Sandra Cisneros, she was born in Chicago but lived intermittently in Mexico as a child and so
grew up between two cultures.
she was born in Chicago but
who was born in Chicago but
born in Chicago, she
though born in Chicago,
though born in Chicago, she
10. Preparing to be a foreign service officer after graduation, both Mary and Keisha have decided
to major in international affairs.
(A) Preparing to be a foreign service officer
(B) Because they wanted to prepare to be a foreign service officer
(C) When preparing to be a foreign service officer
(D) As preparation for becoming foreign service officers
(E) Planning for their preparation to become foreign service officers
11. Two basic types of carbohydrate, the simple carb, identified by its sweet taste, and the
complex carb, which has a pleasant taste but is not sweet.
(A) Two basic types of carbohydrate, the simple carb
(B) Two basic types of carbohydrate are the simple carb
(C) Two basic types of carbohydrate are the simple carbs
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(D) Of two basic types of carbohydrate, there is the simple carb
(E) Of two basic types of carbohydrate, the simple carb
12. The timber used to frame houses comes from pine trees, as does the sheets on which
newspapers are printed.
(A) houses comes from pine trees, as does the sheets on which newspapers are printed
(B) houses comes from pine trees, and so does the sheets on which newspapers are printed
(C) houses and the sheets on which newspapers are printed comes from pine trees
(D) houses comes from pine trees, as do the sheets on which newspapers are printed
(E) houses, like the sheets on which newspapers are printed, come from pine trees
13. Easily accessible by road, rail, and water transport, the board of directors chose the city of
Metz as the site of the company’s distribution center.
(A) Easily accessible
(B) Being easily accessible
(C) Because of being easily accessible
(D) Because it is easily accessible
(E) Easy to access
14. Aloe vera is a succulent plant from whose leaves are extracted a gel that has been prized
since ancient times for its medicinal properties.
(A) plant from whose leaves are extracted
(B) plant from whose leaves is extracted
(C) plant from whose leaves they extract
(D) plant, from its leaves is extracted
(E) plant with leaves for extracting
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SET34. OC. 1.
1. William Faulkner, being that he was a Southern writer, used Mississippi as a setting for most
of his novels.
(A). being that he was a Southern writer
(B). a Southern writer
(C). while a writer from the South
(D). in origin a writer of the South
(E). because of him being a writer from the South
2. Tadpoles hatch and metamorphose into small replicas of adult frogs although remaining in
there aquatic birthplace
(A). although remaining
(B). while remaining
(C). in spite of it remaining
(D). due to their remaining
(E). in the course of which they remain
3. You cannot expect to treat your friends badly and no one notices.
(A). and no one notices
(B). and have no one notice
(C). without notice by someone
(D). without notice by no one
(E). without the result of somebody noticing
4. The memoirs of President Clinton begin with his childhood in Arkansas and culminate in his
rise to the presidency.
(A). begin with his childhood in Arkansas and culminate
(B). that begin with his childhood in Arkansas and culminate
(C). have begun with his childhood in Arkansas and culminate
(D). have begun with his childhood in Arkansas and culminating
(E). began with his childhood in Arkansas and are culminated
5. Because of ignoring its potential, biofeedback is a medical therapy most physicians reject.
(A). Because of ignoring its potential, biofeedback is a medical therapy most physicians reject.
(B). Biofeedback is rejected by most physicians because of their ignoring its potential.
(C). Most physicians, because of ignoring the potential of biofeedback, and rejecting it.
(D). Most physicians reject biofeedback because they ignore its potential.
(E). A medical therapy rejected by most physicians, caused by ignoring its potential, is
biofeedback.
6. In Death of a Salesman Willy Loman mistakenly believes that his sons have no flaws,
believing which leads to many problems for the entire family.
(A). believing which leads
(B). a belief that leads
(C). and which is to lead
(D). the belief of which leads
(E). his believing this leads
7. Clara Barton, an American nurse, whose influence as a reformer in the field of health care
almost equals that of Florence Nightingale.
(A). Clara Barton, an American nurse, whose influence as a reformer
(B). Clara Barton, who was an American nurse and whose influence as a reformer
(C). An American with influence as a nursing reformer, Clara Barton
(D). Clara Barton was an American nurse whose influence as a reformer
(E). A American, Clara Barton who was a nursing reformer and whose influence
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8. During the summer months, several thousand people a day visit the park, which is known for
its waterfalls and rock formations.
(A). During the summer months, several thousand people a day visit the park, which is known
for its waterfalls and rock formations.
(B). Known for its waterfalls and rock formations, several thousand people a day visit the park
during the summer months.
(C). Several thousand people a day visit the park during the summer months known for its
waterfalls and rock formations.
(D). Several thousand people had visited the park a day, which is known for its waterfalls and
rock formations during the summer months.
(E). During the summer months, knowing its waterfalls and rock formations, several thousand
people a day visit the park.
9. Although the candidate promised both to cut taxes and improve services, he failed to keep
either of them after the election.
(A). Although the candidate promised both to cut taxes and improve services, he
(B). The candidate, having promised both to cut taxes and improve services,
(C). Although the candidate made promises both to cut taxes and improved services, he
(D). Having promised, first, to cut taxes and, second, to improve services, the candidate
(E). The candidate’s promises were both to cut taxes and improve services, he
10. The students found fieldwork in the state forest more exciting and dangerous than any of them
had anticipated, having to be rescued by helicopter during a fire.
(A). anticipated, having to be
(B). anticipated; when they had to be
(C). anticipated: they had to be
(D). anticipated: among which was their
(E). anticipated, and so they had been
11. Chinese watercolors have become more popular than American and European artists who
their contemporaries.
(A). American and European artists who their contemporaries
(B). contemporary American and European artists
(C). those by contemporary American and European artists of the period
(D). those of American and European pictures of the same period
(E). those by contemporary American and European artists
12. By next year the old vaudeville theater had been (A) converted into two small (B) theaters in
which (C) films can be shown (D). No error (E)
13. Some scholars studying (A) the writings of Emily Bronte have become (B increasingly (C)
interested in the relationships between her siblings and she (D). No error (E)
14. At the 1984 Olympic Games, John Moffet and Pablo Morales, who (A) were (B) swimmers
on the United States team, set (C) world records (D). No error (E)
15. Both Dorothy Sayers plus (A) Carolyn Heilbrun have written (B) scholarly works as well as
(C) popular murder mysteries, demonstrating a diversity of (D) talents and interest. No error
(E)
16. Although (A) the coach had predicted that (B) the team would have a winning season, the fans
were (C) surprised by the success of (D) the young, inexperienced players. No error (E)
17. Because they must compete (A) with a large chain of super-stores that can afford to charge
very low rates for certain items, the owners of small hardware stores know that you (B) are
unlikely to make much (C) profit and may (D), in fact, go bankrupt. No error (E)
18. Although science offers the hope of preventing (A) serious genetic diseases, there is (B)
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difficult ethical questions raised by (C) the possibility of (D) altering human heredity. No
error (E)
19. In the nineteenth century, careers in business and law were (A) prestigious, but it (B) did not
require (C) practitioners to hold (D) college degrees. No error (E)
20. Chess players find that playing against a computer is helpful to improve (A) their (B) skills,
even though (C) no chess-playing computer had yet won (D) a championship. No error (E)
21. Reaching (A) lengths of twelve inches, banana slugs are (B) the much larger (C) of all the
slug species that inhabit (D) North America. No error (E)
22. Maya Madera proudly (A) wore her sister’s most popular invention, a watch (B) for winter
campers that flashes the temperature in (C) lighted numerals and sends out a loud alarm when
pressing a button (D). No error (E)
23. Obviously (A), Whistler’s painting, unlike Klee (B), are conventional in (C) their (D) subject
matter. No error (E)
24. A newly formed organization of homeowners and business people have met with (A) the
transportation department to voice (B) its concerns about (C) plans for (D) a shopping mall in
the community. No error (E)
25. Although (A) she considers her chemistry research complete (B), she has heeded (C) her
professor’s advice and is conducting (D) three additional experiments. No error (E)
26. Princeton University officials first broke with (A) a tradition of awarding (B) honorary
degrees only to men (C) when they awarded it (D) to author Willa Cather. No error (E)
27. His love of politics led (A) him (B) to volunteer in local campaigns as well (C) as a job (D) in
a government office in the state capital. No error (E)
28. Now that Michiko finished (A) the research, she feels reasonably confident (B) about writing
(C) her paper on the rise of (D) the progressive movement in the United States. No error (E)
29. The condition known as laryngitis usually causes (A) the vocal cords and surrounding tissue
to swell, thus (B) preventing the cords to move (C) freely (D). No error (E)
(1)A significant problem all across our state is garbage. (2)Our landfills are full. (3)It seems
that we must either find new sites for landfills or employ other methods of disposal, like
incineration. (4) Unfortunately, there are drawbacks to every solution that they think of. (5)
Polluted runoff water often results from landfills. (6)With incineration of trash, you get air
pollution. (7)People are criticized for not wanting to live near a polluting waste disposal facility,
but really, can you blame them?
(8)Recycling can be an effective solution, but owner of apartment complexes and other
businesses complain that recycling adds to their expenses. (9)Local governments enjoy the
benefits of taxes collected from business and industry. (10)They tend to shy away from pressuring
such heavy contributors to recycle.
(11)Perhaps those of us being concerned should encourage debate about what other levels of
government can do to solve the problems of waste disposal. (12)We should make a particular
effort to cut down on the manufacture and use of things that will not decompose
quickly.(13)Certainly we should press individuals , industries, and all levels of government to take
responsible action while we still see green grass and trees between the mountains of waste.
30. Which of the following would fit most logically between sentences 1 and 2?
(A). A sentence citing examples of states that have used up available landfills
(B). A sentence citing examples of successful alternatives to landfills
(C). A sentence citing the number of new landfills in the state
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(D). A sentence citing the number of illnesses blamed on polluted water in the state
(E). A sentence citing the average amount of trash disposed of annually by each person in the
state
31. Which of the following is the best way to phrase the underlined portion of sentence
4(reproduced below)?
Unfortunately, there are drawbacks to every solution that they think of.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). that was thought of
(C). that they have previously come up with
(D). to which there are proposals
(E). that has been proposed
32. Which of the following is the best way to revise and combine sentences5 and 6(reproduced
below)?
Polluted runoff water often results from landfills. With incineration of trash, you get air
pollution.
(A). With landfills, polluted runoff water will result, and whereas with incineration of trash,
you get air pollution.
(B). While on the one hand are landfills and polluted runoff water, on the other hand you have
air pollution in the case of incineration of trash.
(C). Landfills often produce polluted runoff water, and trash incineration creates air pollution.
(D). Landfills and incineration that produce water and air pollution.
(E). Runoff water is from new landfills; from incineration of trash, there is air pollution.
33. If sentence 8 were rewritten to begin with the clause “Although recycling can be an effective
solution,” the next word would most logically be
(A). and owners of apartment complexes and other businesses complain
(B). yet owner of apartment complexes and other businesses complain
(C). owner of apartment complexes and other businesses complain
(D). mostly owners of apartment complexes and other businesses are complaining
(E). owners of apartment complexes and other business complained
34. In context, which of the following is the best way to combine sentences 9 and 10?
(A). Local governments enjoy the benefits of taxes collected from business and industry, as
they tend to shy away from pressuring such heavy contributors to recycle.
(B). Because local governments enjoy the benefits of taxes collected from business and
industry, they tend to shy away from pressuring such heavy contributors to recycle.
(C). However, local governments enjoy the benefits of taxes collected from pressuring such
heavy contributors to recycle.
(D). In addition to enjoying the benefits of taxes collected from business and industry, local
governments tend to shy away from pressuring business and industry into recycling.
(E). Local governments, enjoying the benefits of taxes collected from business and industry,
they tend to shy away from pressure to recycle.
35. Which of the following is the best phrasing for the underlined portion of sentence
11(reproduced below)?
Perhaps those of us being concerned should encourage debate about what other levels of
government can do to solve the problems of waste disposal.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). those of us who are concerned
(C). those concerned ones of us
(D). we, being among those who are concerned,
(E). we who are those being concerned
1. In their zeal to make beachfront living widely available, developers have overbuilt, thereby
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they endanger fragile coastlines.
(A). overbuilt, thereby they endanger fragile coastlines
(B). overbuilt they endanger fragile coastlines as a result
(C). overbuilt and thereby have endangered fragile coastlines
(D). overbuilt; fragile coastlines endangered thereby
(E). overbuilt, the fragile coastlines are endangered by this
2. Hawaii’s Haleakala, being more that 10,000 feet high, and the world’ largest dormant volcano.
(A). Haleakala, being more that 10,000 feet high, and
(B). Haleakala, more than 10,000 feet, it is
(C). Haleakala which is more than 10,000 feet high, being
(D). Haleakala, more than 10,000 feet high, is
(E). Haleakala, more than 10,000 feet high; it is
3. I do not blame Leslie for her anger yesterday, being it was her plan and she should have credit
for it.
(A). yesterday, being it was her plan and she should have credit for it
(B). yesterday, being that she should have credit for it when it was her plan
(C). yesterday when it was her plan, for which they should give her credit for it
(D). yesterday; since she should receive credit, it being her plan
(E). yesterday; it was her plan, and she should have received credit for it
4. At the time at which temperatures approach absolute zero, or-459.7F, metals become highly
conductive, and their volume shrinks dramatically.
(A). At the time at which temperatures approach
(B). When temperatures approach
(C). Since temperatures approached
(D). At the point temperatures had approached
(E). While temperatures approaching
5. Participants in the executive leadership workshop expect a program of outstanding speakers
and gaining information about new approaches to management.
(A). and gaining information
(B). as well as information
(C). as well as being informed
(D). and also being informed
(E). in addition, they expected to gain information
6. One of the unforeseen consequences of the editor’s management styles is that it leaves so little
room for innovation.
(A). that it leaves so little room for innovation
(B). that they leave so little room for innovation
(C). that sufficient room is not left for their innovation
(D). that innovation has so little room left from it
(E). to leave so little room for innovation
7. For decades, African American music has inspired musicians throughout the world, including
in Russia.
(A). including in Russia
(B). including those of Russia
(C). this includes Russia
(D). one of which is Russia
(E). one example being Russia
8. By the end of the eighteenth century, watchmaking technology had greatly improved, and they
were standard equipment for military personnel.
(A). and they were standard equipment for military personnel
(B). so it was standard equipment for military personnel to have watches
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(C). with watches included in the standard equipment for military personnel
(D). and watches had become standard equipment for military personnel
(E). and for military personnel it was standard equipment
9. Nancy and Carlos will represent Central High in the swimming competition, their work in this
having been excellent this year.
(A). competition, their work in this having been excellent this year
(B). competition, they have done excellent work this year in this
(C). competition, for this year they have done excellent work in this
(D). competition, for their swimming has been excellent this year
(E). competition, their work as swimmers having been excellent this year
10. After 1907, residents of the Omaha Reservation could use the hospital in Walthill, Nebraska,
it was established by Dr. Susan LaFlesche Picotte, an Omaha Indian.
(A). hospital in Walthill, Nebraska, it was established by Dr. Susan LaFlesche Picotte, an
Omaha Indian
(B). hospital; it was in Walthill, Nebraska and established by Dr. Susan LaFlesche Picotte, an
Omaha India
(C). hospital that has been established by Dr. Susan LaFlesche Picotte, an Omaha India, in
Walthill, Nebraska
(D). Walthill, Nebraska, hospital where an Omaha India, Dr, Susan LaFlesche Picotte,
established it
(E). Hospital established in Walthill, Nebraska, by Dr, Susan LaFlesche Picotte, an Omaha
Indian
11. Eating food that has a high concentration of fat causes essentially the same retain in the
stomach than if you eat too fast.
(A). than if you eat
(B). than to eat
(C). as if one eats
(D). as eating
(E). as it does when eating
12. Not one of the students in the advanced chemistry class have passed a single test with a grade
better than a C, but the second half of the course will be easier.
(A). have passed a single test with a grade better than a C
(B). have managed to pass a single test with better than a C grade
(C). have passed a single test any better than a grade of C
(D). has passed having better than a C grade on a single test
(E). has passed a single test with better than a C grade
13. In neighborhoods throughout the United States, one can encounter hundreds of different
rope-jumping games, each with its own rules.
(A). each with its own rules
(B). each having their own rules
(C). when they each have their own rules
(D). which has its own rules
(E). they each have rules of their own
14. A flurry of do-it-yourself books on the market today are inspiring homeowners to do their
own repairs.
(A). are inspiring homeowners to do their own repairs
(B). are inspiring to homeowners about their own repairs
(C). is inspiring homeowners into doing their own repairing
(D). is inspiring homeowners to do their own repair
(E). inspiring homeowners to repair their own homes
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SET35. OC. 2.
1. A stranger, the students were surprised to see him enter the classroom carrying a bowling ball.
(A). A stranger, the students were surprised to see him enter the classroom carrying a bowling
ball.
(B). A stranger carrying a bowling ball, the students were surprised to see him entering the
classroom.
(C). The students were surprised to see a stranger enter the classroom, and he carried a
bowling ball.
(D). The students were surprised to see a stranger carrying a bowling ball enter the classroom.
(E). The students, who were surprised to see a stranger enter the classroom carrying a bowling
ball.
2. Several of Frank Stella’s paintings were inspired by the shapes of waves and whales, titled
after chapter headings from Moby-Dick.
(A). paintings were inspired by the shapes of waves and whales, titled
(B). paintings had their inspiration from the shapes of waves and whales with titles
(C). paintings, inspired by the shapes of waves and whales, are titled
(D). paintings, which were inspired by the shape of waves and whales and which are titled
(E). paintings, being inspired by the shapes of waves and whales, titled
3. The mayor claimed that a majority of the property owners would have favored her proposal if
put to the vote.
(A). would have favored her proposal if put
(B). would have favored her proposal if it had been put
(C). favored her proposal if it would have been put
(D). favored her proposal if put
(E). favored her proposal is they were put
4. The psychologist states that most people want the same things: interesting and meaningful
work, respect, and to have them be loved for themselves alone.
(A). interesting and meaningful work, respect, and to have them be loved for themselves alone
(B). to have interesting and meaningful work, respect, and loved for themselves alone
(C). work that has interest and is meaningful, to have respect, and to be beloved for
themselves alone
(D). interesting and meaningful work, respect, and their own love
(E). to have interesting and meaningful work, to be respected, and to loved for themselves
alone
5. By employing exotic harmonies and making unusual use of instruments, Mahler was
pathfinder from romanticism to modern music.
(A). Mahler was pathfinder
(B). a path was created by Mahler
(C). Mahler created a path
(D). Mahler was the creator of a path
(E). Was how Mahler created a path
6. In the past, many famous painters meticulously ground their own colors, an attention to detail
that is noteworthy.
(A). an attention to detail that is noteworthy
(B). inasmuch as they showed attention to detail, it is noteworthy
(C). this makes it noteworthy in showing their attention to detail
(D). an idea that is noteworthy in showing their attention to detail
(E). which is noteworthy and it shows an attention to detail
7. By including pieces of cloth, newspaper, wallpaper, and other materials in his work, Picasso’s
innovation had an important influence on twentieth-century art.
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(A). Picasso’s innovation had an important influence on
(B). this innovation of Picasso’s was important in its influence over
(C). Picasso’s important innovative influence was on
(D). Picasso was influential, with his innovation, over
(E). the innovative Picasso was an important influence on
8. Once American films looked slick and commercial compared to European imports; now,
almost the reverse is true.
(A). now, almost the reverse is true
(B). now they are almost the reverse
(C). instead, there is almost a reversal now
(D). now it is almost the reverse that is true
(E). it has now been almost reversed
9. Although known primarily as a poet, the paintings of Lawrence Ferlinghetti have recently
been receiving public attention.
(A). Although known primarily as a poet, the paintings of Lawrence Ferlinghetti
(B). Although known primarily for his poetry, Lawrence Ferlinghetti’s paintings
(C). Although his poetry is primarily what he is known for, Lawrence Ferlinghetti’s paintings
(D). Although Lawrence Ferlinghetti is known primarily as a poet and his paintings
(E). Although Lawrence Ferlinghetti is known primarily for his poetry, his paintings
10. For many a brilliant architect, being free to innovate is more important than being well paid.
(A). being free to innovate is more important than
(B). having freedom of innovation is more important than
(C). there is more importance in the freedom to innovate than
(D). freedom to innovate has more importance than
(E). to have the freedom to innovate is more important than
11. What was not achieved in last year’s county voter registration drive was more than
compensated for by this year, which registered over three thousand new voters.
(A). by this year, which registered over three thousand new voters
(B). by this year, having over three thousand new voters registered
(C). by this year’s drive, which registered over three thousand new voters
(D). when they registered three thousand new voters this year
(E). this year, when they registered over three thousand new voters
12. For (A) the cyclist exploring Ireland’s western cliffs, every road leading out of (B) the town of
Clifden offers their (C) own (D) set of wonders. No error (E)
13. The construction of a waterway linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans was first proposed (A)
in 1524, but not until (B) the Panama Canal opened in 1914 did such a project (C) become a
reality (D). No error(E)
14. The charm of (A) Lofting’s book lies in (B) the humorous reversal of (C) roles—the animals
guide, assist, and generally they take (D) care of the helpless humans. No error(E)
15. People were trained to perform (A) one tiny part of one process in one department of one
industry, and so having (B) no sense of (C) the process as a whole (D). No error(E)
16. The Stegosaurus, plant-eating dinosaurs (A) with protective (B) bony plates and tail spikes,
was once common (C) in what is now (D) Colorado. No error (E)
17. Some plants use chemical signals that repel (A) insects, and, also, these (B) signals help to put
neighboring plants on alert so they can (C) mount their own defenses (D). No error (E)
18. Innovative use of computers in the classroom allows students to undertake (A) projects that
encourages (B) them (C) to be both (D) analytical and intellectually adventurous. No error (E)
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19. When one is researching (A) the customs of a community, you (B) must learn about (C) its
history and observed its people going about their (D) ordinary activities. No error (E)
20. Working with (A) consummate skill, Picasso sketched a portrait of (B) the youthful but (C)
experienced dancer who was posing for (D) him. No error (E)
21. From 1566 until 1576 (A) Santa Elena, now an excavation site (B) in South Carolina, was the
capital of Spanish Florida; however (C), it has become (D) an English settlement by 1735. No
error (E)
22. Despite (A) the attorney’s moving plea, the judge placed (B) the juvenile offender on (C)
probation for indecisive (D) period. No error (E)
23. Yearning for (A) a truly representative (B) art form of the Americas, the art world of the
1920’s looked hopefully (C) to three popular Mexican mural artists of the day (D). No error
(E)
24. There has always been a great deal of (A) friction between Joan and I (B) because we (C)
have opposing political views about which (D) we are very vocal. No error (E)
25. When (A) M. R. Harrington, an archaeologist from the Museum of the American Indian,
began to excavate (B) the ruins he named the Pueblo Grande de Nevada, he unearthed (C)
artifacts indicating (D) a 500-year occupation by indigenous peoples. No error (E)
26. The supervisor cited three workers, each of which is likely to (A) win a prize for having (B)
suggested (C) cost-effective changes at (D) the factory. No error (E)
27. Freedom of action and expression are (A) at the foundation not only of (B) our system of
government but also of four expectations concerning (C) human relations at all (D) levels of
society. No error (E)
28. While both disaster rescue workers and news reporters may face (A) physical danger, the
latter (B) can usually control his or her (C) exposure to risk, whereas (D) rescue workers often
cannot. No error (E)
29. The refusal of the management to revise (A) their (B) policy on (C) family leave caused (D)
an uproar among employees. No error (E)
(1)Some of the world’s greatest scientists have been women, and most people still tend to
think of science as a “man’s game”. (2)There are probably many reasons that more men than
women had fame as scientists. (3)Unequal access to educational opportunities is certainly one.
(4)But sometimes the reason is plain old-fashioned dishonestly. (5)James Watson, Francis Crick,
and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize for the discovery by them of the double helix
structure of the DNA molecule. (6)The discovery is seen by most as one of the greatest
contributions to the modern history of biology.
(7)One of the most important pieces of evidence used by Watson and Crick to figure out this
structure was an x-ray diffraction photograph that had been taken by a woman, Rosalind Franklin.
(8)Scientists often build on the work of other scientists, but they usually do so
openly.(9)Franklin’s photograph was secretly shown to Watson by her colleague Maurice
Wilkins.(10)Who never told her what he had done.(11)And then Watson, Crick, and Wilkins gave
Nobel Prize lectures that contained 98 references to the work of other scientists, not citing a single
one of Franklin’s papers.(12)Of them only Wilkins in his speech making even a casual reference
of her when he said she made some “very valuable contributions to the x-ray analysis.”
30. In context, which of the following is the best change to make to sentence 1?
(A). Insert “As one can see” at the beginning.
(B). Insert “In the field of genetics” at the beginning.
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(C). Insert “of course” after “and”.
(D). Insert “yet” after “and”.
(E). Delete the quotation marks.
31. What is the best way to deal with sentence 2?
(A). Omit it.
(B). Switch it with sentence 1.
(C). Insert “Definitely” at the beginning.
(D). Change “many” to “lots of”.
(E). Change “had” to “have achieved”.
32. Which of the following sentences is the best inserted after sentence 3?
(A). They think of science as a field in which men have been traditionally encouraged to
participate.
(B). The failure of the educational system to nurture young girls’ interest in science is
certainly another.
(C). Some of the best-known names in science are those of men such as Galileo and Einstein.
(D). The girls in my school are not given the same opportunities to study scientists subjects as
the boys are.
(E). Yet Rosalind Franklin was a woman who made a number of extremely significant
contributions to modern science.
33. In context, which of the following is the best way to express the underlined portion of
sentence 5 (reproduced below)?
James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize for the
discovery by them of the double helix structure of the DNA molecule.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). They were awarded the Nobel Prize for the discovery
(C). Watson, Crick, and Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize for the discovery by them
(D). James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize for
their discovery
(E). But the Nobel Prize was awarded to Watson, Crick, and Wilkins for the discovery
34. In context, which of the following is the best version of sentences 9 and 10 (reproduced
below)?
Franklin’s photograph was secretly shown to Watson by her colleague Maurice Wilkins. Who
never told her what he had done.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). Similarly, her colleague Maurice Wilkins showed Franklin’s photograph to Watson, and
he never told her about it.
(C). Unfortunately, she did not know that her colleague Maurice Wilkins had secretly shown
this photograph to Watson.
(D). In fact, Franklin’s colleague Maurice Wilkins never told her that he had shown Watson
the photograph.
(E). In this case, Franklin’s colleague Maurice Wilkins secretly showed Watson her
photograph without telling her.
35. Which of the following is the best way to express the underlined portion of sentence
12(reprinted below)?
Of them only Wilkins in his speech making even a casual reference to her when he said she
made some “very valuable contributions to the x-ray analysis.”
(A). (As it is now)
(B). Having made his speech, only Wilkins had made even
(C). Of the three, only Wilkins made even
(D). Only his speech contained even
(E). In the same manner, Wilkins made
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1. The amount of garbage produced in the United States could be reduced by recycling trash,
minimizing packaging, and developing new technology for incinerators and landfills.
(A). and developing new technology
(B). and if they develop new technology
(C). and also by developing new technology
(D). and new technology being developed
(E). and if there was new technology
2. Tickets are available at the box office they can be picked up one hour before the performance.
(A). at the box office they can be picked up one hour before the performance
(B). at the box office; they can be picked up one hour before the performance
(C). one hour before the performance, they can be picked up at the box office
(D). and that can be picked up at the box office one hour before the performance
(E). at the box office, one hour before the performance is when they can be picked up
3. Medical research now emphasizes that the best treatment for many diseases is the body’ own
defenses being stimulated.
(A). the best treatment for many diseases is the body’ own defenses being stimulated
(B). the best treatment for many diseases is stimulation of the body’s own defenses
(C). there should be stimulation of the body’s own defenses for the best treatment for many
disease
(D). there should be a stimulation of the body’s own defense to achieve the best treatment for
many diseases
(E). the body’s own defenses should have stimulation for the best treatment for many disease
4. Some political scientists are convinced that major conflict toward democracy and communism
is moral.
(A). toward democracy and communism is moral
(B). is a moral one between democracy and communism
(C). between democracy, compared to communism, is a moral one
(D). is a moral one for democracy, compared to communism
(E). between democracy and communism is a moral one
5. Until just recently many students would take lengthy trips during spring break rather than
temporary jobs like now.
(A). break rather than temporary jobs like now
(B). break instead of temporary jobs like now
(C). break; now they take temporary jobs
(D). break; instead, students are taking temporary jobs
(E). break, but now it is temporary jobs
6. To meet the college’s requirement of service to her community, 40 hours of her time of
Habitat for Humanity were volunteered by Laurie.
(A). 40 hours of her time of Habitat for Humanity were volunteered by Laurie
(B). Laurie volunteered 40 hours of her time to Habitat for Humanity
(C). 40 hours of her time to Habitat for Humanity was what Laurie volunteered
(D). Through 40 hours of volunteering by Laurie to Habitat for Humanity
(E). Laurie, to Habitat for Humanity, was volunteering 40 hours of her time
7. Reviews of books and films have generally been exempt from the standards of libel that are
applied to news stories, but they are now questioning the distinction between reporting and
criticism.
(A). they are now questioning the distinction between reporting and criticism
(B). questions are now being asked by them as to the distinction between reporting and
criticism
(C). the distinction between reporting and criticism is now being questioned
(D). the question they are asking now is whether there is a distinction between reporting and
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criticism
(E). the distinction they make between reporting and criticism is now questions
8. A writer who well understood the plight of the underprivileged, many acclaim Richard Wright
as the novelist of the downtrodden
(A). many acclaim Richard Wright as
(B). many have acclaimed Richard Wright as
(C). Richard Wright is being acclaimed by many as
(D). Richard Wright has been widely acclaimed as
(E). Widely acclaimed is Richard Wright as
9. Having no additional funds to spend, the meeting of the budget committee was promptly
concluded.
(A). the meeting of the budget committee was promptly concluded
(B). the meeting of the budget committee concluded promptly
(C). the conclusion of the budget committee meeting was prompt
(D). the budget committee promptly concluded its meeting
(E). the budget committee’s meeting was promptly concluded
10. In the early songs of the Beatles, one hears plaintive Blues-inspired melodies that would seem
to be more a product of rural southern American than an English industrial city.
(A). a product of rural southern American than an English industrial city
(B). a product from rural southern America than that of an English industrial city
(C). produced in rural southern America than by an English industrial city
(D). a product out of rural southern America than from an English industrial city
(E). a product of rural southern America than of an English industrial city
11. In 1968 air pollution from automobile exhaust, particularly like that in the Los Angeles
environs, became of an increasingly more urgent concern to environmentalists.
(A). became of an increasingly more urgent
(B). of the sort found in the Los Angeles area, became an increasingly urgent
(C). such as you have in the area of Los Angeles, became of increasingly more urgent
(D). like the kind in and around Los Angeles and its environs, became an increasingly urgent
(E). the kind similar to the Los Angeles area, became an increasingly more urgent
12. Although long considered a vestigial organ that has no function in humans, the appendix,
some scientists believe, may have significant role as part of the body’s immune system.
(A). the appendix, some scientists believe, may have
(B). the appendix, which, some scientists believe, may have
(C). the appendix, in the belief of some scientists, is possibly having
(D). the appendix is believed by some scientists as perhaps having
(E). some scientists believe the appendix may have
13. Failing to anticipate the sharp downturn in the economy, millions of dollars were lost through
the investment fund’s managers’ slowness to act.
(A). millions of dollars were lost through the investment fund’s managers’ slowness to act
(B). millions of dollars were lost due to the slowness of the investment fund’s managers to act
(C). the investment fund’s managers were slow to act millions of dollars were lost as a result
(D). the investment fund’s managers were slow to act and thus lost millions of dollars
(E). the investment fund lost millions of dollars because its managers acted too slowly
14. Most often defenders of art have justified its existence with their pointing out a function that
nothing but art itself could perform.
(A). with their pointing out a function that nothing but art itself could perform
(B). by them pointing out a function that only art could perform
(C). through the pointing out of a function performed by art alone
(D). by pointing to some function that art alone can perform
(E). through their having pointed to a function performed by art itself
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SET36. OC. 3
1.
Industrial growth that was being stifled by the country’s dictatorship, but now they are
developing their full economic potential.
(A). Industrial growth that was being stifled by the country’s dictatorship, but now they are
developing their full economic potential.
(B). The dictatorship had stifled industrial growth, but the country is now developing their
full economic potential.
(C). Industrial growth was stifled by the country’s dictatorship, and so now they are
developing their full economic potential.
(D). Though the dictatorship had stifled industrial growth, the country is now developing its
full economic potential.
(E). Now developing their full economic potential, the country’s dictatorship had stifled
industrial growth.
2.
Looking down through the boat’s glass bottom, a school of yellow fish was seen swimming
along with the turtles.
(A). a school of yellow fish was seen
(B). a school of yellow fish were seen
(C). we saw a school of yellow fish
(D). we seen a school of yellow fish
(E). yellow fish in schools are seen
3.
A radio system consists of a means of transforming sounds into electromagnetic waves and of
transmitting those waves through space; after this those waves must be transformed back into
sounds.
(A). waves and of transmitting those waves through space; after this those waves must be
transformed
(B). waves, transmitting the waves through space, and transforming them
(C). waves, of transmitting them through space, and then the translation of them
(D). waves and of transmitting them through space; after this the waves have to be translated
(E). waves, of the transmitting of those waves through space and of translating same
4.
It underlies the poem that human beings are free to choose and may be blamed for their
choices.
(A). It underlies the poem
(B). In the poem, they assumed
(C). In the poem, a basic assumption which is made is
(D). It is an assumption that underlies the poem
-240(E). The basic assumption of the poem is
5.
The modern city may not have new citadels or cathedrals, but there is a great many new
office buildings and freeways.
(A). but there is a great many new office buildings and freeways
(B). but it does have a great many new office buildings and freeways
(C). but a great many new office buildings and freeways
(D). although many new office buildings and freeways are there
(E). although a great many new office buildings and freeways are seen
6.
The remains of the Apatosaurus provide evidence of there being giants existing on Earth
during the late Jurassic period.
(A). of there being giants existing
(B). of there having been giants existing
(C). of there existing giants
(D). that giants have existed
(E). that giants existed
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7.
Farming in that area of the country is inefficient because of their farm machinery shortage
and that they lack the knowledge to operate it.
(A). because of their farm machinery shortage and that they lack the
(B). in that they have a shortage of farm machinery and a lack of
(C). because of the shortage of farm machinery and their lacking the
(D). in that there is both a shortage of farm machinery as well as a lack of
(E). because of the shortage of farm machinery and the lack of
8.
The most popular painting in the exhibit of works by local artists was done by a
seventy-year-old woman, who painted an exquisite self-portrait of herself.
(A). was done by a seventy-year-old woman, who painted an exquisite self-portrait of herself
(B). was an exquisite self-portrait of a seventy-year old woman, who painted herself
(C). was an exquisite self-portrait of a seventy-year old woman
(D). was done by a seventy-year-old woman, and it is her own exquisite self-portrait
(E). was by a seventy-year-old woman, being an exquisite self-portrait
9.
The tiles are sorted not only by their surface appearance but also according to their hardness
and their capacity of conducting heat.
(A). according to their hardness and their capacity of conducting heat
(B). according to their hardness and of their heat conducting capacity
(C). by their hardness and if they have the capacity for heat conduction
(D). by their hardness and their capacity for conducting heat
(E). by their hardness and capacity in heat conduction
10. Radio frequencies have to be allocated to users so that one transmission will not interfere
with another.
(A). one transmission will not interfere with another
(B). each transmission cannot interfere with another’s
(C). transmitting them will not interfere with one another
(D). no transmission is interfered with by another
(E). no one transmission would have interference with the other
11. The Pony Express was an ingenious system for carrying mail; it was in existence only briefly,
however, before the telegraph system made it obsolete.
(A). mail; it was in existence only briefly, however,
(B). mail, for it was in existence only briefly, however,
(C). mail; however, existing only briefly
(D). mail, having existed only briefly
(E). mail, but was existing only briefly
12. At first we panicked when we discovered we had missed (A) our flight, but then we took (B)
a bus to another airport, where there are (C) several planes leaving (D) for Denver that
evening. No error ( E)
13. Only after the floodwaters had rose (A) two feet was (B) the mayor willing to order (C) the
evacuation of (D) some homes. No error (E)
14. Confucianism is more a code of ethics than like (A) a religion; it presents no deities but
fosters (B) instead (C) a respect for one’s ancestors and for an orderly (D) society. No error
(E)
15. Just as (A) parents vary in their readiness to have their children leave home for college,
young people vary (B) in his or her (C) readiness to leave. (D) No error (E)
16. Local party organizations have discovered that voter turnout is diminished considerably (A)
whenever (B) the media projected (C) election results early in the day. (D) No error (E)
17. Absent from (A) the speech were (B) any mention of the students and laboratory technicians
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upon whose (C) contributions the chemist had depended heavily. (D)
No error (E)
18. Paul’s letter to myself (A) about the missing money was not intended (B) to be read (C) by
any other (D) member of the organization. No error (E)
19. After the prince characterized modern architecture as ugly (A), he has been (B) severely (C)
criticized for having been so outspoken (D) in public. No error (E)
20. No matter (A) how cautious (B) snowmobiles are driven, they are (C) capable of damaging
(D) the land over which they travel. No error (E)
21. The black squirrels drew (A) a crowd of students, for (B) it (C) had never been seen (D) on
the campus before. No error (E)
22. A majority of the students who (A) attended (B) the job fair expressed interest in becoming(C)
a doctor or lawyer (D). No error (E)
23. Never before had (A) a group of artists been so isolated (B) from society and from(C) official
patronage as was (D) the so-called Impressionists. No error (E)
24. The flowers that Jane and Jonathan ordered (A) to be sent to their mother (B) were less
(C)fresh and much more expensive than, Cars Flower Shop (D). No error (E)
25. A possible first step in developing (A) a nonsexist vocabulary with which (B) to analyze the
works of (C) the nineteenth-century writer Elizabeth Gaskell would be to stop (D) referring
to her as “Mrs. Gaskell.” No error (E)
26. After (A) 140 years under the sea (B), the remains of the Monitor, an ironclad warship that
was sunk during the Civil War, is being (C) gradually brought to (D) the surface. No error
(E)
27. I have gone to (A) only one (B) football game after (C) I graduated (D) from high school. No
error (E)
28. The radio station received the most number (A) of calls from listeners on the evening (B) it
(C) aired a discussion of the music of (D) Aretha Franklin. No error (E)
29. When the village elders present (A) recommendations, there is (B) hardly ever (C) any
opposition against (D) their proposals. No error (E)
-242(1) People today have placed emphasis on the kinds of work that others do, it is wrong. (2)
Suppose a woman says she is a doctor. (3) Immediately everyone assumes that she is a wonderful
person, as if doctors were incapable of doing wrong. (4) However, if you say you’re a carpenter or
mechanic, some people think that you’re not as smart as a doctor or a lawyer. (5) Can’t someone
just want to do this because he or she loves the work?
(6) Also, who decided that the person who does your taxes is more important than the person
who makes sure that your house is warm or that your car runs? (7) I know firsthand how
frustrating it can be. (8) They think of you only in terms of your job. (9) I used to clean houses in
the summer because the money was good; but yet all the people whose houses I cleaned seemed to
assume that because I was vacuuming their carpets I did not deserve their respect. (10) One
woman came into the bathroom while I was scrubbing the tub. (11) She kept asking me if I had
any questions. (12) Did she want me to ask whether to scrub the tub counter-clockwise instead of
clockwise?
(13) Her attitude made me angry! (14) Once I read that the jobs people consider important
have changed. (15) Carpenters used to be much more admired than doctors. (16) My point is, then,
that who I want to be is much more important than what I want to be!
30. Of the following, which is the best way to phrase sentence 1 (reproduced below) ?
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People today have placed emphasis on the kinds of work that others do, it is wrong.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). People today place too much emphasis on the kinds of work that others do.
(C). What kinds of work others do is being placed too much emphasis on by people today.
(D). The wrong kind of emphasis had been placed on the kinds of work others do today.
(E). The wrong emphasis is being placed today on people and what kind of work they do.
31. In context, which of the following is the best way to revise and combine the underlined
portions of sentences 2 and 3 (reproduced below) ?
Suppose a woman says she is a doctor. Immediately everyone assumes that she is a wonderful
person, as if doctors were incapable of doing wrong.
(A). Suppose a woman says she is a doctor, but immediately
(B). If a woman says she is a doctor, for instance, immediately
(C). When a woman says she is a doctor, however, immediately
(D). Immediately, if they say, for example, she is a doctor,
(E). Therefore, a woman is maybe saying she is a doctor; immediately
32. In context, the phrase do this in sentence 5 would best be replaced by
(A). hold this particular opinion
(B). resist temptation
(C). ask someone for assistance
(D). become a carpenter or a mechanic
(E). aspire to learn medicine
33. Which of the following is the best way to revise and combine the underlined portions of
sentences 7 and 8 (reproduced below) ?
I know firsthand how frustrating it can be. They think of you only in terms of your job.
(A). be; they—people, that is—think of you
(B). be when they are thinking of one
(C). be how people think of you
(D). be when people think of you
(E). be; having people think of you
34. In context, the phrase but yet in sentence 9 would best be replaced by
(A). incidentally,
(B). however,
(C). in fact,
(D). in addition,
(E). for example,
35. The best place to begin a new paragraph in sentences 6-16 would be with sentence
(A). 10
(B). 11
(C). 12
(D). 14
(E). 15
1.
A recent discovery is the finding that people who both drink and smoke are greater cancer
risks than those who do only one of these things.
(A). A recent discovery is the finding that
(B). A recent discovery came when they learned that
(C). Recently, a finding is that
(D). It has recently been discovered that
(E). It is a recent discovery that
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2.
The notion that a biography should be full of praise and free of criticism prevailed during
most of the nineteenth century.
(A). The notion that a biography should be full of praise and free of criticism prevailed
during most of the nineteenth century.
(B). The notion that prevailed about a biography during most of the nineteenth century was
that of being full of praise and free of criticism.
(C). During most of the nineteenth century, they had a prevalent notion that a biography
should be full of praise and free of criticism.
(D). Prevalent as a notion during most of the nineteenth century was for a biography to be
full of praise and free of criticism.
(E). Prevalent during most of the nineteenth century, the notion prevailed that a biography
should be full of praise and free of criticism.
3.
A native New Yorker, Gloria Naylor’s first novel won an American Book Award in 1983.
(A). A native New Yorker, Gloria Naylor’s first novel
(B). A native New Yorker, the first novel by Gloria Naylor
(C). The first novel by native New Yorker Gloria Naylor
(D). Gloria Naylor, a native New Yorker, wrote her first novel thus having
(E). Gloria Naylor wrote her first novel and the native New Yorker
4.
Charlie Chaplin developed definite ideas about the art of comedy and as a result sentiment,
satire, and social criticism were introduced into his work.
(A). sentiment, satire, and social criticism were introduced
(B). sentiment, satire, and social criticism were introduced by him
(C). having introduced sentiment, satire, and social criticism
(D). introduced sentiment, satire, and social criticism
(E). the introduction of sentiment, satire, and social criticism
5.
Someone living in a technological, consumption oriented culture probably taxes the
environment at a rate many times that of a country such as Myanmar.
(A). that of a country such as Myanmar
(B). that of someone living in a country like Myanmar
(C). what you find in Myanmar, for instance
(D). the rate in a country such as Myanmar
(E). a citizen of Myanmar, for instance
6.
Airport runways must be constantly swept clear of trash and other debris that could be sucked
into a jet engine intake or it could cause a serious accident.
(A). intake or it could cause a serious accident
(B). intake, this causes a serious accident
-244(C). intake and cause a serious accident
(D). intake, preventing a serious accident
(E). intakes and avoiding a serious accident
7.
In believing that firsthand experience would enhance the credibility of his biography of
Columbus, Professor Morison retraced the route of Columbus’ first voyage.
(A). In believing that
(B). Believing that
(C). In his belief that
(D). He believed that
(E). By believing that
8.
Except in mathematics, absolute proof is more often an ideal to be sought than a goal to be
reached, a fact that the courts recognize by setting varying standards of proof for different
kinds of cases.
(A). a fact that the courts recognize by setting
(B). which the courts recognize and set
(C). and this is recognized when the courts are setting
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(D). and it is recognized by the courts when they set
(E). and the courts recognize this fact setting
9.
My grandfather never learned to use a calculator, as he shops he can accurately compute his
grocery bill in his head to within a dollar.
(A). as he shops
(B). while shopping
(C). but as he shops
(D). therefore, when shopping
(E). however, he shops so that
10. The first African American woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for poetry, Gwendolyn Brooks
with her special interest in encouraging young poets.
(A). with her special interest in encouraging
(B). had a special interest in encouraging
(C). having had a special interest, which was to encourage
(D). who had a special interest in encouraging
(E). she had a special interest to encourage
11. Although fascinated by chance and coincidence, Paul Auster’s novels are written with careful
attention to style and balance.
(A). Paul Auster’s novels are written
(B). Paul Auster’s novels were written
(C). Paul Auster writes his novels
(D). Paul Auster is a writer
(E). Paul Auster had wrote
12. Early American factories did not so much replace household manufacturing but complement
it.
(A). but complement
(B). as complement
(C). but they complemented
(D). and they complemented
(E). as they were to complement
13. After teaching, becoming involved in several fashion enterprises, and after she founded the
Harlem Institute of Fashion, Lois Alexander Lane launched the Black Fashion Museum.
(A). after she founded
(B). after the founding of
(C). founding
(D). she had founded
(E). having founded
14. In eighteenth-century France, economic inequalities made many people angry, and a violent
revolution was fueled.
(A). angry, and a violent revolution was fueled
(B). angry; it fueled a violent revolution
(C). angry, and this anger fueled a violent revolution
(D). angry, that anger fueled a violent revolution
(E). angry; thus fueling a violent revolution
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SET37. OC. 4.
1.
Unlike with many animals, humans do not swim by instinct.
(A). with many animals
(B). what many animals do
(C). many animals
(D). many animals who do it
(E). many animals do
2.
First run in 1867 and still taking place every summer, the Belmont Stakes, a horse race for
thoroughbred three-year-olds, was one of the oldest races in the United States.
(A). was
(B). is
(C). were
(D). are
(E). has been
3.
Folklore scholars think of fables probably originating among the Semitic peoples of the
Middle East, moving first to India and then west to Greece.
(A). of fables probably originating
(B). of fables that probably originated
(C). that the fable’s origins were probably
(D). that the origin of fables probably was
(E). that fables probably originated
4.
Althea Gibson, the first African American tennis player that they recognized as a world
champion, began playing amateur tennis in the 1940’s.
(A). that they recognized as
(B). that was recognized to be
(C). recognized because she was
(D). to be recognized as
(E). recognizing her as
5.
Societies acting through their governments make the rules to state which acts are illegal, but
although war is the most violent of human activities, it has not been declared illegal by any of
the world’s governments or their agencies.
(A). to state
(B). stating
(C). when they state
-246(D). that are stating
(E). where they state
6.
The 2003 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Shirin Ebadi, an Iranian lawyer, writer, and
teacher, she gained prominence as an advocate for democracy and human rights.
(A). teacher, she gained
(B). teacher, she had gained
(C). teacher, gaining
(D). teacher who gained
(E). teacher having gained
7.
Because its early history is not fully known, origami, the art of folding objects out of paper
without cutting, pasting, or decorating, seems to have developed from the older art of folding
cloth.
(A). Because
(B). In that
(C). Since
(D). Although
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(E). As
8.
One of the most popular singers of his time, more than twenty languages were mastered by
Paul Robeson, allowing him to perform classical repertory, spirituals, and folk songs from
around the world.
(A). more than twenty languages were mastered by Paul Robeson, allowing him to perform
(B). Paul Robeson’s mastery of more than twenty languages allowed him to perform
(C). mastering more than twenty languages allowed Paul Robeson to perform
(D). his mastery of more than twenty languages allowed Paul Robeson to be performing
(E). Paul Robeson mastered more than twenty languages, allowing him to perform
9.
Babe Ruth is regarded by many having been the greatest baseball player in history, and he
remains arguably the most celebrated figure in North American sports.
(A). having been
(B). that he was
(C). for being
(D). to be
(E). as
10. Digital technology, as every marketer knows, is synonymous to speed, precision, and the
future.
(A). to
(B). of
(C). with
(D). for
(E). through
11. After carefully studying both of the articles, Dr.Rodriguez and Nurse Alba found that the
only difference between them were their titles.
(A). them were their titles
(B). them were the titles
(C). the articles were the titles
(D). the articles was that of the titles
(E). the articles was their titles
12. At (A) the meeting of the planning board, the councilwoman assured (B) her constituents that
she was (C) active (D) seeking a long-term solution to the city’s parking problem. No error
(E)
13. Used in sculpture, carving is the process (A) of reducing substances such as stone, wood, or
ivory to a (B) desired shape(C) by cutting or to chip (D) away unnecessary parts. No error (E)
14. New York City is an important (A) center of American Buddhism, in part because (B) its
residents included (C) immigrants from most (D) of the countries that have strong Buddhist
traditions. No error (E)
15. In addition to (A) being (B) a talented pianist and composer, Béla Bartók was a respected (C)
musicologist who wrote (D) several books on Hungarian, Slovakian, and Romanian folk
music. No error (E)
16. Whereas the caterpillars of most (A) butterflies are harmless, moth caterpillars caused (B) an
enormous amount of damage to (C) plants, forest and shade trees, clothing, and (D)
household goods. No error (E)
17. Homing pigeons can navigate over (A) long distances, employing (B) their sense of smell to
ascertain their initial location and using the position (C) of the Sun determining (D) the
direction in which they must fly. No error (E)
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18. Salt is valued not only because of its properties (A)as a condiment and preservative, but also
(B) because they are (C) essential to the health of (D)humans and animals. No error E
19. After (A) two terms in the Texas State Senate, Barbara Jordan elected (B) to the United
States House of Representatives, where (C) she served (D) from 1973 to 1979. No error (E)
20. A sweetener, normally either (A) sugar or syrup, are used (B) in almost all bread for taste (C)
or as (D) an aid to yeast growth. No error (E)
21. Willie Dixon's upbeat blues (A) compositions helped usher in the Chicago blues sound
during the 1950’s and have become (B) standard numbers for the many young rock groups
trying to (C) achieve popularity during (D) the 1960’s. No error (E)
22. When (A) the Spanish conquistadors reached Peru in 1532, they encountered (B) the vast
empire of the Incas, it extended (C) along the Pacific coast of South America from modern
Ecuador to central Chile and inland across (D) the Andes. No error (E)
23. Unlike her (A) best friend Margie, making (B) the varsity soccer team as (C) a freshman, Jill
did not (D) make the team until her junior year. No error (E)
24. Although the precise date and place of the origin of baseball are hotly debated (A), it is
beyond dispute (B) that the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn play (C) an
important role in its (D) early development. No error (E)
25. By 2003, more than (A) 684,000 students in the United States had enrolled in charter schools,
publicly funded schools that pledged (B) better academic results and were unencumbered by
(C) many of the regulations governing (D) ordinary public schools. No error (E)
26. The common cold, like (A) chickenpox, measles, and many other (B) viral diseases, can be
spread (C) both before and after their (D) symptoms emerge. No error (E)
27. Although (A) he had never played organized sports, whenever Justin, who was (B)
uncommonly tall, attends (C) a basketball game, fans would ask him for (D) an autograph.
No error (E)
28. From (A) its modest beginnings as a series of brief vignettes and (B) its establishment as the
longest-running prime-time comedy series on television, The Simpsons has transformed the
way that (C) both audiences and television programmers view (D) the animated sitcom. No
error (E)
-24829. Venezuela devotes (A) a higher percentage of its budget (B) to education than do (C) other
large Latin American countries such as (D) Mexico and Brazil. No error (E)
(1) Aristotle was a great philosopher and scientist. (2) Aristotle lived in Greece over 2300
years ago. (3) Aristotle was extraordinarily curious about the world around him. (4) He was also a
master at figuring out how things worked. (5) Aristotle passed it on to his pupil Theophrastus.
(6) Theophrastus was famous among his contemporaries as the co-founder of the Lyceum, a
school in Greece, he is best known today as "the father of botany." (7) Botany is the branch of
science dealing with plants.
(8) Two famous books he wrote were Natural History of Plants and Reasons for Vegetable
Growth. (9) His books were translated from Greek into Latin in 1483—1800 years after he wrote
them—they influenced thousands of readers.
(10) Theophrastus made accurate observations about all aspects of plant life, including plant
structure, plant diseases, seed use, and medicinal properties. (11) He even described the complex
process of plant reproduction correctly, hundreds of years before it was formally proven. (12) In
1694 Rudolph Jakob Camerarius used experiments to show how plants reproduced. (13)
According to some accounts, Theophrastus did his research in a garden he maintained at his
school which was called the Lyceum. (14) But Theophrastus also wrote about plants that grew
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only in other countries, which he heard about from returning soldiers. (15) By comparing these
plants to plants he grew in his garden, Theophrastus established principles that are still true today.
30. Which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 1 and
sentence 2 (reproduced below)?
Aristotle was a great philosopher and scientist. Aristotle lived in Greece over 2300 years
ago.
(A). philosopher and a scientist, living
(B). philosopher and scientist who lived
(C). philosopher, and, as a scientist, lived
(D). philosopher and scientist; Aristotle lived
(E). philosopher, scientist, and lived
249
31. What would best replace "it" in sentence 5?
(A). that
(B). them
(C). these traits
(D). the world
(E). his things
32. What word should be inserted between "Greece," and "he" in sentence 6 (reproduced below)?
Theophrastus was famous among his contemporaries as the co-founder of the Lyceum, a
school in Greece, he is best known today as "the father of botany."
(A). and
(B). but
(C). for
(D). thus
(E). moreover
33. Which sentence should be inserted between sentence 8 and sentence 9?
(A). Theophrastus's ideas had a lasting impact.
(B). Theophrastus's books were instantly successful.
(C). The first book is still studied today in botany classes.
(D). They challenged the conclusions of Aristotle.
(E). Theophrastus also taught botany to hundreds of students.
34. Which revision appropriately shortens sentence 13 (reproduced below)?
According to some accounts, Theophrastus did his research in a garden he maintained at his
school which was called the Lyceum.
(A). Delete "his school which was called".
(B). Delete "According to some accounts,".
(C). Delete "in a garden he maintained".
(D). Replace "According to some accounts" with "Therefore".
(E). Replace "Theophrastus" with "he".
35. The third paragraph would be improved by the deletion of which sentence?
(A). Sentence 10
(B). Sentence 11
(C). Sentence 12
(D). Sentence 14
(E). Sentence 15
1.
If every nation were completely self-sufficient and operated under a free-market economy,
the world's food supply will be governed solely by the economics of supply and demand.
(A). will be
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(B).
(C).
(D).
(E).
would have been
was to be
was
would be
2.
Gold leaf is pure gold that is hammered so thin for it to take 300,000 units to make a stack
one inch high.
(A). for it to take
(B). so that it takes
(C). so it takes
(D). as for it to take
(E). that it takes
3.
By far the best-known work of poet Emma Lazarus is the sonnet “New Colossus,” it was
chosen to be the inscription for the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty in 1886.
(A). it was chosen to be
(B). choosing it to be
(C). which they chose for
(D). which was chosen as
(E). they chose it as
4.
The gong was believed to have originated in Western Asia, reached China in the sixth
century, where it continues to be used for a wide range of purposes, including as a military
signal, a rhythmic accompaniment for vocal performance, and a ritual instrument.
(A). The gong was believed to have originated in Western Asia, reached
(B). The gong, it is believed, originated in Western Asia, reached
(C). The gong, believed to have originated in Western Asia, reached
(D). The gong is believed to originate in Western Asia, and reaching
(E). The gong, they believe, has originated in Western Asia, reaching
5.
Galileo was probably the first to discover Saturn’s rings, although his telescope was so small,
he could not see the rings properly and assumed that they were satellites.
(A). although
(B). but because
(C). since
(D). and
(E). nevertheless
6.
The Olmec people, widely regarded as the creators of the first civilization in Mesoamerica,
the area encompassing much of Mexico and Central America.
-250(A). people, widely
(B). people, which are widely
(C). people, they are widely
(D). people will be widely
(E). people are widely
7.
Although their language and people that are not of European origin, Finland is generally
considered part of Scandinavia, which also includes Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.
(A). their language and people that are
(B). it has a language and people that are
(C). they have languages and people
(D). its language and people are
(E). there are languages and people that are
8.
Unlike the hollow body of an acoustic guitar, which acts as a sound box to project sound, the
solid-body electric guitar is almost soundless without the aid of an amplification system.
(A). the hollow body of an acoustic guitar, which acts
(B). the hollow body that an acoustic guitar has, it acts
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(C). an acoustic guitar’s hollow body, acting
(D). an acoustic guitar, whose hollow body acts
(E). an acoustic guitar and its hollow body, acting
9.
Fireflies, or lightning bugs, are actually soft-bodied beetles, most of whom producing light in
special organs located in the undersides of their abdomens.
(A). of whom producing
(B). of which produce
(C). of them produce
(D). produce
(E). to produce
10. To satisfy the curious, to protect their market, and it discouraged competitors when the
earliest spice traders spread fantastic tales of spices growing in shallow lakes guarded by
winged animals and in deep glens infested with poisonous snakes.
(A). it discouraged competitors when
(B). it discouraged competitors,
(C). discouraging competitors made
(D). to discourage competitors, when
(E). to discourage competitors,
11. The most notorious quick-draw gunman of the Texas frontier, John Wesley Hardin’s exploits
were written about in an autobiography published posthumously, The Life of John Wesley
Hardin as Written by Himself.
(A). John Wesley Hardin’s exploits were written about
(B). John Wesley Hardin’s exploits are recorded
(C). John Wesley Hardin wrote about his exploits
(D). the exploits of John Wesley Hardin were written about
(E). the exploits of John Wesley Hardin are recorded
12. With one of the most successful African American businesses in history, the Motown Record
Corporation was founded in 1959 in Detroit by Berry Gordy, Jr.
(A). With one
(B). It was one
(C). Being one
(D). One
(E). As one
13. Adult ladybugs often prey on agricultural or garden pests, causing many fruit growers to
consider them among the most beneficial insects.
(A). causing many fruit growers to
(B). therefore, many fruit growers
(C). this causes many fruit growers to
(D). which cause many fruit growers to
(E). many fruit growers
14. Environmentally hazardous contamination of the water and air is one of the more serious and
complex issues facing urban centers in the United States, where they have an effect on public
health, property values, and the quality of life is magnified by the density of population.
(A). they have an
(B). their
(C). an
(D). it has an
(E). its
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SET38. OC. 5
1. Numismatics, or coin collecting, and becoming popular in the United States around 1857,
when the replacement of the large cent by the new flying-eagle cent led enthusiasts to start
collecting the earlier coin.
(A). and becoming
(B). becoming
(C). will become
(D). became
(E). it became
2. Just as his predecessor Mozart, for whom composing music seemed to come easily,
Beethoven always struggled to perfect his work.
(A). Just as
(B). Even though
(C). Whereas
(D). Unlike with
(E). Unlike
3. The Incas kept records with knotted cords called quipus, historians believe they were used to
document crop production and to aid in tax collection.
(A). historians believe they were used
(B). historians believing in its use
(C). which historians believe they use
(D). which historians believe were used
(E). and historians believe it was used
4. While females were not allowed to compete in the Olympic games of ancient Greece; they
were not even allowed to watch them.
(A). While females were not allowed
(B). Even though females were not allowed
(C). Females were not allowed
(D). They did not allow females
(E). With females, they were not allowed
5. In psychological theory, the term social learning is used to describe learning that is influenced
by one’s environment and not the influence of innate or internal forces.
(A). and not the influence of
(B). and not, instead,
-252(C). rather than by
(D). rather than when it is
(E). rather than being influenced due to
6. Giant stars, or those that weigh 100 times what the Sun weighs, are important to galaxies and
the universe because with furious combustion, it produces many important elements that form
planets and other bodies, including carbon, oxygen, sodium, and neon.
(A). because with furious combustion, it produces
(B). because their furious combustion produces
(C). due to their furious combustion, producing
(D). as their furious combustion produced
(E). in that with furious combustion, they produced
7. American photographer Annie Leibovitz is renowned for her revealing, eye-catching portraits
of celebrities, and characterized by carefully staged settings and the use of vivid primary
colors.
(A). and
(B). and she is
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(C). each of them are
(D). each of which are
(E). which are
8. Decorative arts, art forms that have a mainly practical or ornamental purpose, and include
ceramics, basketry, furniture making, and glassblowing.
(A). and include
(B). including
(C). includes
(D). include
(E). which include
9. About 35 percent of the world’s orange juice is produced by Florida, compared with Brazil,
the world’s largest orange producer, which has nearly 50 percent.
(A). Brazil, the world’s largest orange producer, which has nearly 50 percent
(B). Brazil, with nearly 50 percent, it is the world’s largest orange producer
(C). nearly 50 percent that are produced by Brazil as the world’s largest orange producer
(D). the production of Brazil, the world’s largest orange producer, with nearly 50 percent
(E). nearly 50 percent produced by Brazil, the world’s largest orange producer
10. Many of blues great Bessie Smith’s songs describe the experiences of southern Black
migrants, especially the struggles of Black women to adjust to urban life in the northern
United States.
(A). the struggles of Black women to adjust
(B). how Black women struggled at adjusting
(C). when it was Black women struggling to adjust
(D). Black women, they struggled with adjusting
(E). for Black women and struggling to adjust
11. The Bretons who began emigrating to the United States from the Brittany region of France in
the early twentieth century were distinguished from other French citizens by their Celtic
origin, but about 40 percent of those who emigrated spoke a Celtic language closely related to
Welsh.
(A). but about 40 percent of those who emigrated spoke
(B). about 40 percent of whom spoke
(C). about 40 percent of which were speaking
(D). with about 40 percent of those who emigrated speaking
(E). where 40 percent of them were speaking
12. Although they are not (A) fast runner, wolves could have maintained (B) a loping run for
many (C) miles, running throughout (D) the night if necessary. No error (E)
13. The credit for making Franz Kafka internationally (A) famous as a writer belong (B) to his
friend, novelist Max Brod, who edited (C) Kafka’s unpublished manuscripts and then (D) had
them published, despite Kafka’s dying wishes to the contrary. No error (E)
14. Unlike (A) country-and western bands, which (B) often feature the harmonica, banjo, or
fiddle, rock bands tended to use (C) electronic (D) equipment, including amplifiers, guitars,
and organs. No error (E)
15. Like (A) her nonfiction, Jean Craighead George’s fiction draws extensively (B) not only from
published material but also she had (C) firsthand observations of animals and (D) ecological
systems. No error (E)
16. Most (A) ships move through (B) the Suez Canal under their own power, so (C) extremely
large ships must be assisted by (D) a tugboat. No error (E)
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17. Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man is (A) the story of a nameless young Black man who ultimately
decides (B) to forge his own identity rather than accept (C) the one (D) assigned to him. No
error (E)
18. The Sun was shining (A) for nearly five billion years and is thought (B) to have sufficient (C)
thermonuclear fuel in its core (D) to shine for about another five billion. No error (E)
19. The study showed (A) that children who consumed (B) small amounts of added sugars eating
(C) on average one serving more of grains per day than did (D) children who ate larger
amounts of these same sugars. No error (E)
20. In many parts of the world where (A) grasses cover vast expanses of land, periodic, controlled
burning is practiced (B) in order to keep woody brush from gaining (C) a foothold and it
stimulates (D) continuing grass growth. No error (E)
21. The newspaper reported that (A) having (B) the increase in the minimum wage, many people
(C) are still having trouble making (D) ends meet. No error (E)
22. Used primarily (A) in the United States and Canada, American Sign Language, which (B)
comprises hand signs, facial expressions, and fingerspelling, including (C) many (D) regional
differences and slang. No error (E)
23. The United States is the world’s largest producer of (A) cranberries and cranberry products,
most (B) of which is consumed (C) there and in (D) Canada. No error (E)
24. Almost all animals that hibernate (A) prepare for it (B) during summer by eating (C) large
amounts of food, which they convert (D) to thick layers of fat. No error (E)
25. Among birds that forage (A) in tree trunks, nuthatches are the only ones that regularly feed (B)
with their heads facing downward, when they often find (C) food in bark crevices overlooked
in (D) their upward search. No error (E)
26. If you can acquire (A) the necessary calories by drinking (B) gasoline instead of by eating
food, you (C) would be able to run (D) 26 miles on about one-twelfth of a gallon of gas. No
error (E)
27. In many large cities in the United States, the presence of a culturally (A) diverse population
has led (B) to repeated calls that (C) curricula taught wholly or partly (D) in languages other
-254than English. No error (E)
28. Of ancient origin (A), the game of checkers was played (B) in Egypt during the time (C) of
the pharaohs and is mentioned (D) in the writings of Homer and Plato. No error (E)
29. By (A) the early 1920’s, Louis Armstrong recorded his first (B) solos as a member of King
Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band in such pieces as (C) “Chimes Blues” and “Tears,” which (D) he
composed with pianist Lil Hardin. No error (E)
(1) The early history of astronomy was full of misunderstandings. (2) Some of them were
funny, it’s like the controversy of the “canali” on Mars. (3) In the late 1800’s an Italian
astronomer named Giovanni Schiaparelli studied Mars. (4) He had a high-powered telescope that
he used to look at Mars. (5) Schiaparelli thought he saw channels criss-crossing the planet’s
surface. (6) He was intrigued: perhaps these channels were evidence that Mars had great flowing
rivers like the Earth. (7) Schiaparelli made charts of the surface of Mars and labeled it with the
Italian word “canali.”
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(8) Unfortunately, “canali” can be translated into English as either “channels” or “canals.” (9)
Channels and canals are two different things because channels are formed naturally by water,
while canals are constructed by people. (10) Some people translated “canali” as “canal,” word
began to spread that the lines Schiaparelli saw through his telescope were actually canals that had
been built by intelligent beings. (11) One of them was an amateur astronomer named Percival
Lowell. (12) He wrote a series of best-selling books. (13) In these books Lowell publicized the
notion that these “canals” were built by Martian farmers who understood irrigation.
(14) In 1956 a U.S. spacecraft flying close to the surface of Mars sent back conclusive pictures.
(15) There are no prominent channels anywhere on the planet. (16) Lowell and Schiaparelli saw
what they wanted to see. (17) Lowell was strong, of course, but so was Schiaparelli.
30. Which is the best version of the underlined part of sentence 2 (reproduced below)?
Some of them were funny, it’s like the controversy of the “canali” on Mars.
(A). (as it is now)
(B). funny; it’s like
(C). funny, like
(D). funny, even
(E). as funny as
31. Which is the best way to combine sentences 3 and 4 (reproduced below)?
In the late 1800’s an Italian astronomer named Giovanni Schiaparelli studied Mars. He had a
high-powered telescope that he used to look at Mars.
(A). In the late 1800’s an Italian astronomer named Giovanni Schiaparelli studied Mars by a
high-powered telescope.
(B). In the late 1800’s an Italian astronomer named Giovanni Schiaparelli studied Mars with a
high-powered telescope that he used to look at Mars.
(C). In the late 1800’s an Italian astronomer named Giovanni Schiaparelli studied Mars, he
had a high-powered telescope that he used.
(D). In the late 1800’s an Italian astronomer named Giovanni Schiaparelli used a
high-powered telescope to study Mars.
(E). In the late 1800’s an Italian astronomer named Giovanni Schiaparelli, using a
high-powered telescope to look, studied Mars
32. Which word would be best to insert at the beginning of sentence 10 (reproduced below)?
Some people translated “canali” as “canal,” word began to spread that the lines Schiaparelli
saw through his telescope were actually canals that had been built by intelligent beings.
(A). Whereas
(B). However
(C). If
(D). Although
(E). Because
33. What is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 11 (reproduced below)?
One of them was an amateur astronomer named Percival Lowell.
(A). (As it is now)
(B). One of the most intelligent was
(C). This idea was popularized by
(D). It was spread even more by someone else,
(E). The person who solved the problem was
34. What is the best way to combine sentences 12 and 13 (reproduced below)?
He wrote a series of best-selling books. In these books Lowell publicized the notion that these
“canals” were built by Martian farmers who understood irrigation.
(A). In a series of best-selling books, Lowell publicized the notion that these “canals” were
built by Martian farmers who understood irrigation.
(B). He wrote a series of best-selling books that was a bestseller and publicized the notion that
these “canals” were built by Martian farmers who understood irrigation.
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(C). His books that were bestsellers publicized the notion that these “canals” were built by
Martian farmers who understood irrigation.
(D). He wrote a series of best-selling books; Lowell publicized the notion that these “canals”
were built by Martian farmers who understood irrigation.
(E). In these books, which were bestsellers, Lowell publicized the notion that these “canals”
were built by Martian farmers who understood irrigation.
35. What would best replace “it” in sentence 15 (reproduced below)?
According to these images, there are no prominent channels anywhere on it.
(A). the planet
(B). the spacecraft
(C). the pictures
(D). these
(E). them
1. The first 10,000 United States patents, they were known as the X-patents, were burned in a
fire in 1836.
(A). they were known
(B). which they knew
(C). which they know
(D). to be known
(E). known
2. Winston knew that if he practiced often enough he would one day be able to play the piano
as well as his brother’s playing.
(A). his brother’s playing
(B). that of his brother
(C). his brother’s
(D). his brother could
(E). what his brother did
3. In both his longer and his shorter works of fiction, Gabriel Garcia Marquez achieves the
rare feat to be accessible to the common reader while satisfying the most demanding of
sophisticated critics.
(A). to be
(B). for being
-256(C). of being
(D). that he is
(E). that they are
4. In 1977, Jann Wenner, the founder of Rolling Stone, moved the magazine’s offices from San
Francisco to New York City, there he began developing a slicker, more commercial style of
magazine and began cultivating relationships with major advertisers.
(A). there
(B). then
(C). where
(D). so
(H). which is when
5. Covering about 120 square miles, they New York City borough of Queens is almost as large
as if you combine Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island.
(A). if you combine Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island
(B). when Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island are combined
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(C). Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island combined
(D). if Manhattan were to combine with the Bronx and Staten Island
(E). combining Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island
6. While cotton is still one of Georgia’s chief cash crops, the number of acres devoted to its
cultivation grows smaller every year.
(A). devoted to its cultivation grows
(B). it devotes to the cultivation of it grow
(C). they devoted to its cultivation can grow
(D). devoted to its cultivation growing
(E). they devoted to the cultivation of it are growing
7. Unlike flying squirrels, which may leave their young in a tree cavity while foraging, the
babies of flying lemurs are usually carried with them.
(A). the babies of flying lemurs are usually carried
(B). the flying lemur’s babies are usually carried
(C). the flying lemur is usually carrying its babies
(D). flying lemurs usually carry their babies
(E). flying lemurs’ babies are usually carried
8. Born Charles Hardin Holley, Buddy Holly recorded some of the most distinctive and
influential songs in rock-and-roll music, which includes such classics as “That’ll Be the Day”,
“Rave On,” and “Peggy Sue.”
(A). which includes
(B). they include
(C). also including
(D). including
(E). these include
9. Chipmunks do not technically hibernate, but they do remain in their dens or burrows during
cold periods.
(A). hibernate, but they do remain
(B). hibernate, but remaining
(C). hibernate, but they remained
(D). hibernate, they remain
(E). hibernate, remaining
10. Cryonics—the technique used to store human bodies at extremely low temperatures with
the hope of one day reviving them—are being performed today, but their technology is still in
its infancy.
(A). are being performed today, but their technology
(B). are being performed today, while the technology
(C). which is being performed today, using technology that
(D). is being performed today, but their technology
(E). is being performed today, but the technology
11. In science fiction stories, robots are generally depicted as working in the service of
humanity, often escaping the control of their human masters and doing them harm.
(A). often escaping the control of their human masters and doing
(B). often escaping being controlled by their human masters, which does
(C). but they often escape the control of their human masters and do
(D). but they often escaped their controlling human masters, and it does
(E). but often escaping their controlling human masters, which does
12. The first Indian woman to win the Booker Prize, Arundhati Roy’s debut novel, The God of
Small Things, received the honor in 1997.
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(A). The first Indian woman to win the Booker Prize, Arundhati Roy’s debut novel, The God
of Small Things, received the honor in 1997.
(B). Arundhati Roy, the first Indian woman to win the Booker Prize for her debut novel The
God of Small Things, receiving the honor in 1997.
(C). The first Indian woman to receive the Booker Prize, Arundhati Roy won the honor in
1997 for her debut novel, The God of Small Things.
(D). The Booker Prize was given to Arundhati Roy’s debut novel The God of Small Things,
winning her the first such honor for an Indian woman in 1997.
(E). Arundhati Roy, winning the Booker Prize in 1997 for her debut novel The God of Small
Things, made her first Indian woman to do so.
13. Pilots at the airline, angered at the prospect of seeing their pension plans replaced with less
generous versions, vowed to use legal means to fight it.
(A). it
(B). them
(C). this
(D). such a move
(E). that from happening
14. This basic document is stating the liberties guaranteed to the English people, the Magna
Carta, signed in 1215 by England’s King John, proclaims rights that have formed the
foundation of the constitutions of every English-speaking nation.
(A). This basic document is stating
(B). This basic document states
(C). A basic document, it states
(D). A basic document that states
(E). A basic document, it stated
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SET39. OC. 6
1.
Inside famed actor Lily Langtry’s private railroad car were a drawing room with a piano, bath
fixtures of silver, and there were draperies trimmed with Brussels lace.
(A). there were draperies trimmed with Brussels lace
(B). draperies trimmed with Brussels lace
(C). trimmed with Brussels lace were draperies
(D). the draperies were trimmed with Brussels lace
(E). draperies trimmed with Brussels lace were there
2.
Samuel Adams was by no means the first American to espouse the democratic cause, but he
has been the first who conceived the party machinery that made it practical.
(A). has been the first who conceived
(B). had been the first who conceived
(C). was the first having conceived
(D). was the first to conceive
(E). having been the first to conceive
3.
The plans were made too hastily, without enough thought behind it.
(A). too hastily, without enough thought behind it
(B). too hasty, without enough thought behind it
(C). too hastily, without enough thought behind them
(D). too hasty, and there is not enough thought behind them
(E). too hastily, and there is not enough thought behind it
4.
Many psychologists do not use hypnosis in their practices, it is because they know very little
about it and are wary of it as a result.
(A). practices, it is because they know very little about it and are wary of it as a result
(B). practices because they know very little about it and are therefore wary of it
(C). practices for the reason that they know very little about it, with resulting wariness
(D). practices because of knowing very little about it and therefore they are wary of it
(E). practices, their knowledge of it being very little results in wariness of it
5.
No two of the specimens was sufficiently alike to warrant them being called members of a
single species.
(A). was sufficiently alike to warrant them being called
(B). was sufficiently alike to warrant the calling of them
(C). was sufficiently alike to warrant their being called
(D). were sufficiently alike to warrant the calling of them
(E). were sufficiently alike to warrant calling them
6.
My grandson thinks he can cook better than any other person at the fair; and he has the blue
ribbons to prove it.
(A). My grandson thinks he can cook better than any other person at the fair; and he
(B). My grandson thinks he can cook better than any other person at the fair, and he
(C). My grandson thinks he can cook better than any person at the fair, consequently he
(D). To think he can cook better than any other person at the fair, my grandson
(E). Thinking he can cook better than any other person at the fair, my grandson
7.
Differing only slightly from the Greeks were the Roman theaters, which were often
freestanding rather than part of a hillside.
(A). Differing only slightly from the Greeks were the Roman theaters, which
(B). Differing only slightly from the Greeks theaters, Roman theaters
(C). Differing only in the slightest from the Greeks were the Roman theaters, which
(D). The Greeks differed only slightly from the Romans, they
(E). The Greek theaters differed from the Roman theaters only slightly, where they
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8.
When chronological order is followed too mechanically, they are obscuring rather than
clarifying important relationships.
(A). When chronological order is followed too mechanically, they are obscuring rather than
clarifying important relationships.
(B). When chronological order is followed too mechanically, it obscures rather than
clarifying important relationships.
(C). Chronological order, if too mechanically followed, obscures rather than it clarifies
important relationships.
(D). Chronological order, if followed too mechanically, obscures rather than clarifies
important relationships.
(E). If you follow a too mechanical chronological order, it obscures rather than clarifies
important relationships.
9.
Small marine crustaceans known as krill are often fed to farm animals, but there is not much
human consumption.
(A). animals, but there is not much human consumption
(B). animals, but consumption is not done much by people
(C). animals but are rarely eaten by people
(D). animals, but eating them is rarely done by humans
(E). animals, but among people there is not much consumption
10. The educator’s remarks stressed that well-funded literacy programs are needed if everyone is
to gain the skills required for survival in society.
(A). that well-funded literacy programs are needed if everyone is to gain
(B). that well-funded literacy programs needed in gaining
(C). there is a need of well-funded literacy programs for everyone will gain
(D). a need for well-funded literacy programs and everyone will gain
(E). why well-funded literacy programs being necessary for everyone in gaining
11. The Portuguese musical tradition known as fado, or “fate,” has been called the Portuguese
blues because of their songs that bemoan someone’s misfortune, especially the loss of
romantic love.
(A). of their songs that bemoan someone’s
(B). of their songs bemoaning their
(C). is songs bemoan
(D). the songs that bemoaned
(E). of how it bemoans their
12. Every year, toy manufacturers gather (A) groups of children into playrooms, observing their
choices of toys as predicting (B) which (C) new products will become the most
popular (D).
-260No error (E)
13. During the last (A) fifty years, we come (B) to take (C) radio communication for granted, but
the mere suggestion that we could communicate in such (D) a fashion must once have
seemed outlandish. No error (E)
14. The uncompromising (A) tone of a recent city hall ordinance concerning (B) the blocking of
emergency vehicles in traffic jams carry (C) a stern warning to (D) motorists. No error (E)
15. Formed by volcanic eruptions over (A) the last five million years, the Hawaiian Islands
containing (B) an incredibly wide (C) variety of species—many found nowhere else (D) on
Earth. No error (E)
16. Because the owl is usually nocturnal (A) plus being (B) virtually noiseless in flight, it (C) is
seldom seen (D) by the casual observer. No error (E)
17. An economical and efficient (A) recycling center is accessible (B) to the public, responsive to
community needs, and comply with (C) current federal regulations governing (D) waste
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disposal. No error (E)
18. Jean Toomer was not only (A) the author of Cane, a novel whose publication has been
viewed (B) as marking (C) the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance, but also a respected
advisor among Quakers (D). No error (E)
19. Election returns came in (A) from upstate New York quite rapid (B), but the results from New
York City were known (C) even faster (D). No error (E)
20. As (A) we rely more and more on the Internet, your (B) need for effective security planning
and design to safeguard (C) data has increased (D). No error (E)
21. The book is essentially (A) a detailed and very well documented (B) record of what (C)
happened to each of (D) the protestors. No error (E)
22. Experts agree that (A) permanently modifying eating and exercise habits rather than merely
dieting (B) for brief periods are the key (C) to controlling (D) weight. No error (E)
23. The ability to control (A) the plots of our dreams is (B) a skill, researchers have shown (C),
that we can learn if you want (D) to change recurrent dreams. No error (E)
24. In (A) swimming as to (B) soccer, Evangelina proved time after time to be an abler (C)
competitor than (D) Juanita. No error (E)
25. The common cold is one of our most (A) indiscriminate diseases; it makes (B) no distinction
between (C) you and me (D), millionaires and paupers, or athletes and couch potatoes. No
error (E)
26. Like his other (A) cookbooks, in his new book Chef Louis offers lengthy explanations of
what (B) he considers (C) to be (D) basic cooking principles. No error (E)
27. Paul Ecke, flower grower and hybridizer, became (A) known as (B) “Mr. Poinsettia” after
developing new varieties of the flower and by pioneering (C) it as a living symbol (D) of
Christmas. No error (E)
28. Long thought of as (A) a quiet, stuffy place (B) where people (C) just borrowed books,
libraries have been changing (D) their images dramatically over the last few years. No error
(E)
29. To understand (A) twentieth-century economic practices, we must (B) be sufficiently familiar
with (C) Keynesian theories, whether one agrees with them (D) or not. No error (E)
(1) Not many children leave elementary school and they have not heard of Pocahontas’ heroic
rescue of John Smith from her own people, the Powhatans. (2) Generations of Americans have
learned the story of a courageous Indian princess who threw herself between the Virginia colonist
and the clubs raised to end his life. (3) The captive himself reported the incident. (4) According to
that report, Pocahontas held his head in her arms and laid her own upon his to save him from
death.
(5) But can Smith’s account be trusted? (6) Probably it cannot, say several historians interested
in dispelling myths about Pocahontas. (7) According to these experts, in his eagerness to find
patrons for future expeditions, Smith changed the facts in order to enhance his image. (8)
Portraying himself as the object of a royal princess’ devotion may have merely been a good public
relations ploy. (9) Research into Powhatan culture suggests that what Smith described as an
execution might have been merely a ritual display of strength. (10) Smith may have been a
character in a drama in which even Pocahontas was playing a role.
(11) As ambassador from the Powhatans to the Jamestown settlers, Pocahontas headed off
confrontations between mutually suspicious parties. (12) Later, after her marriage to colonist John
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Rolfe, Pocahontas traveled to England, where her diplomacy played a large part in gaining support
for the Virginia Company.
30. What is the best way to deal with sentence 1 (reproduced below)?
Not many children leave elementary school and they have not heard of Pocahontas’ heroic
rescue of John Smith from her own people, the Powhatans.
(A). Leave it as it is.
(B). Switch its position with that of sentence 2.
(C). Change “leave” to “have left”.
(D). Change “and they have not heard” to “without having heard”.
(E). Remove the comma and insert “known as the”.
31. In context, with of the following is the best way to revise the underlined wording in order to
combine sentences 3 and 4?
The captive himself reported the incident. According to that report, Pocahontas held his head
in her arms and laid her own upon his to save him from death.
(A). The captive himself reported the incident, according to which
(B). Since then, the captive reported the incident, which said that
(C). Consequently, the captive himself reports that
(D). It seems that in the captive’s report of the incident he says that
(E). According to the captive’s own report of the incident,
32. Which of the following phrases is the best to insert at the beginning of sentence 10 to link it
to sentence 9?
(A). Far from being in mortal danger,
(B). If what he says is credible,
(C). What grade school history never told you is this:
(D). They were just performing a ritual, and
(E). But quite to the contrary,
33. Which of the following best describes the relationship between sentences 9 and 10?
(A). Sentence 10 concludes that the theory mentioned in sentence 9 is wrong.
(B). Sentence 10 adds to information reported in sentence 9.
(C). Sentence 10 provides an example to illustrate an idea presented in sentence 9.
(D). Sentence 10 pose an argument that contradicts the point made in sentence 9.
(E). Sentence 10 introduces a new source that confirms the claims made in sentence 9.
34. Which of the following would be the best sentence to insert before sentence 11 to introduce
the third paragraph?
(A). It is crucial to consider the political successes as well as the shortcomings-262of Pocahontas.
(B). The Pocahontas of legend is the most interesting, but the historical Pocahontas is more
believable.
(C). If legend has overemphasized the bravery of Pocahontas, it has underplayed her political
talents.
(D). To really know Pocahontas, we must get beyond myth and legend to the real facts about
her private life.
(E). Perhaps we will never really know the real Pocahontas.
35. What information is most logical to add immediately after sentence 12?
(A). How Rolfe and Pocahontas happened to meet and marry
(B). Details about other versions of the legend concerning John Smith
(C). Reasons for the confrontations between the Powhatans and the Jamestown settlers
(D). An account of Rolfe’s life and work in Virginia
(E). A brief summary of the other public events in Pocahontas’ life
1. The sales assistant arranged the gems on the counter, he proceeded to tell us about the origins
of each stone.
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(A). The sales assistant arranged the gems on the counter, he
(B). The gems, which were arranged on the counter by the sales assistant, who
(C). The gems were first arranged on the counter by the sales assistant, then
(D). After arranging the gems on the counter, the sales assistant
(E). The sales assistant, having arranged the gems on the counter, he
2. A whistle-blower is when an employee reports fraud or mismanagement in a company.
(A). when an employee reports fraud or mismanagement
(B). an employee who reports fraud or mismanagement
(C). reporting by an employee of fraud or mismanagement
(D). if an employee reports fraud or mismanagement
(E). fraud or mismanagement being reported by an employee
3. After Eliza, the heroine of Shaw’s Pygmalion, is transformed from a flower girl into a
gentlewoman, she realizes that one’s social class matters less than your character.
(A). she realizes that one’s social class matters less than your
(B). she realizes that one’s social class matters less than one’s
(C). then realizing that one’s social class matters less than their
(D). having realized how social class matters less than
(E). there is her realization about how social class matters less than
4. Knowing the roots of words that are hard to spell helps students to become a better speller.
(A). helps students to become a better speller
(B). is helpful to students who want to be a better speller
(C). helps students to become better spellers
(D). is helpful to students in becoming a better speller
(E). helps a student be better spellers
5. Most experts believe that young children’s not being given physical affection, this interferes
with their normal development.
(A). young children’s not being given physical affection, this interferes
(B). for young children who have had physical affection withheld from them, it interferes
(C). the failure at giving young children physical affection would interfere
(D). when withholding physical affection from young children, it interferes
(E). the withholding of physical affection from young children interferes
6. Electronic bulletin boards, combining the convenience of a telephone with the massive
information storage capacity of a computer, present messages on diverse subjects as
astronomy, artificial intelligence, and skydiving.
(A). diverse subjects as
(B). diverse subjects that are
(C). subjects of such diversity as
(D). subjects as diverse as
(E). a subject as diverse as
7. Free from British rule after the American Revolution, a strong central government was an
idea that many of the representatives attending the Constitutional Convention were wary of.
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(A). a strong central government was an idea that many of the representatives attending the
Constitutional Convention were wary of
(B). the idea of a strong central government made wary many of the representatives attending
the Constitutional Convention
(C). many of the representatives attending the Constitutional Convention were wary of a
strong central government
(D). many representatives at the Constitutional Convention felt wary toward a strong central
government
(E). many representatives at the Constitutional Convention, wary of a strong central
government
8. Being cleaner and longer-burning compared with bituminous coal, anthracite was the first
coal widely used in the United States for both domestic and industrial purposes.
(A). Being cleaner and longer-burning compared with
(B). Both cleaner and more longer-burning compared to
(C). Cleaner and longer-burning than
(D). By burning longer and more clean than
(E). Cleaner as well as longer-burning, unlike
9. At graduation, the speaker assured us that our many courses in the liberal arts had prepared us
equally well for the challenges of working and further study.
(A). had prepared us equally well for the challenges of working and further study
(B). had prepared us equally well for the challenges of work and of further study
(C). has supplied the preparation for challenging work along with further study
(D). leaves us prepared for the challenges of work and further study both
(E). were the preparation for making the challenges of work or further study easier
10. Modern bluegrass songs, telling of love and despair and celebrating mountain beauty, reflect
the genre’s rural origins.
(A). Modern bluegrass songs, telling of love and despair and celebrating mountain beauty,
(B). Modern bluegrass songs through their telling of love and despair and celebrating
mountain beauty,
(C). Because modern bluegrass songs tell of love and despair and also celebrating mountain
-264beauty, they
(D). With modern bluegrass songs that tell of love and despair and celebrate mountain beauty,
they
(E). Telling of love and despair, modern bluegrass songs celebrating mountain beauty, and
they also
11. The fruit fly is often used to study genetic mechanisms, because it reproduces rapidly
scientists can observe the effects of experiments on several generations.
(A). mechanisms, because it reproduces rapidly
(B). mechanisms, since it reproduces rapidly,
(C). mechanisms, since, with its rapid reproduction,
(D). mechanisms; because it reproduces rapidly,
(E). mechanisms; then rapid reproduction allows
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12. Benin was the first sub-Saharan African country to experience a “civilian coup”: they were a
regime that was dominated by the armed forces and obliged by citizens to implement
democratic reforms.
(A). they were a regime that was dominated by the armed forces and obliged by
(B). they had been a regime that was dominated by the armed forces, when they were obliged
to
(C). it had a regime, armed forces dominating, but then were obliged to
(D). armed forces dominated them until this regime were obliged by
(E). a regime, dominated by the armed forces, was obliged by
13. This legend about Admiral Nelson, like other naval heroes, are based only partially on fact.
(A). like other naval heroes, are
(B). like those of other naval heroes, are
(C). like other naval heroes, is
(D). like legends about other naval heroes, are
(E). like legends about other naval heroes, is
14. Bats and mosquitoes come out at twilight, and the bats would look for mosquitoes and the
mosquitoes would look for people.
(A). and the bats would look for mosquitoes and the mosquitoes would look
(B). and the bats come to look for mosquitoes while the mosquitoes look
(C). the bats look for mosquitoes and the mosquitoes are looking
(D). the bats looking for mosquitoes while mosquitoes would look
(E). the bats to look for mosquitoes and the mosquitoes to look
SET40. 2007.5 (SUNDAY)
Section 5
1. On Friday, the local police arrested many demonstrators, especially while picketing the
construction site.
(A) especially while picketing the construction site
(B) especially them picketing the construction site
(C) especially those who were picketing the construction site
(D) especially their picketing of the construction site
(E) and especially the picketing of the construction site
2. An increased concentration of carbon dioxide and certain other gases in the Earth's atmosphere,
contributing to global warming.
(A) atmosphere, contributing to
(B) atmosphere, they contribute to
(C) atmosphere, which contributes to
(D) atmosphere contributes to
(E) atmosphere and contributes to
3. Millions of dollars are spent each year to get rid of fleas on dogs and cats causing a variety of
diseases.
(A) to get rid of fleas on dogs and cats causing a variety of diseases
(B) because they can cause a variety of diseases if dogs and cats are not rid of fleas
(C) to rid dogs and cats of fleas, which can cause a variety of diseases
(D) to be getting dogs and cats rid of fleas, which can cause a variety of diseases
(E) because a variety of diseases can be gotten if you do not rid dogs and cats of fleas
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4. While some marine scientists lament the spread of new diseases that are killing coral reefs,
others would have noted that the species of coral that do survive are disease-resistant.
(A) reefs, others would have noted that
(B) reefs; others would note if
(C) reefs, others note that
(D) reefs; others who note
(E) reefs, but others should note that
5. Josephine Baker rose to fame as a dancer, then using her resources to adopt many needy
children of all nationalities.
(A) Josephine Baker rose to fame as a dancer, then using
(B) Josephine Baker rising to fame as a dancer while using
(C) Josephine Baker, who rose to fame as a dancer, also using
(D) Josephine Baker, she rose to fame as a dancer and then used
(E) Josephine Baker, having risen to fame as a dancer, used
6. Roberto is Iron Italy , he can speak four languages: Italian, French, Spanish, and English.
(A) Roberto is from Italy, he can speak four languages
(B) Roberto, from Italy, who can speak four languages
(C) Roberto is from Italy, he is able to speak four languages
(D) Roberto, who is Italian and able to speak four languages
(E) Roberto, who is from Italy, can speak four languages
7. The care exercised by the company in investigating side effects of various kinds of drugs have
won them their enviable reputation among scientists.
(A) have won them their
(B) have won them an
(C) have won it its
(D) has won for it their
(E) has won it an
8. Armed with new tools for the manipulation of genes and proteins, vaccines are devised by
scientists fighting everything from food poisoning to cancer.
(A) vaccines are devised by scientists fighting
(B) scientists, devising vaccines to fight
(C) scientists are the ones who are devising vaccines in order to fight
(D) scientists are devising vaccines to fight
(E) the fight by scientists who devise vaccines is for
-2669. New York State has passed a law requiring that all legal contracts be written in simple,
understandable English.
(A) all legal contracts be written
(B) all legal contracts being written
(C) all legal contracts have to be written
(D) the writing of all legal contracts is
(E) when writing legal contracts, it should be
10. Carefully reading the manuscript, numerous grammatical errors were detected by the copy
editor.
(A) Carefully reading the manuscript, numerous grammatical errors were detected by the copy
editor.
(B) Carefully reading the manuscript, the copy editor detected numerous grammatical errors.
(C) The reading of the manuscript by the copy editor carefully detected numerous grammatical
errors.
(D) When carefully reading the manuscript, numerous grammatical errors were detected by the
copy editor.
(E) The careful reading of the manuscript by the copy editor enabled detecting numerous
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grammatical errors.
11. The Arts and Crafts movement at the turn of the twentieth century was a revolt against the
uniformity of objects mass-produced by the factories of the Industrial Revolution.
(A) century was a revolt against the uniformity of objects mass-produced
(B) century revolted against objects that were mass-produced and uniform
(C) century, being a revolt against uniform, mass-produced objects
(D) century was revolting against mass-produced, uniform objects
(E) century has revolted against uniformity in mass-producing objects
12. While Sylvia is justifiably proud of (A) the award that she won (B) for placing first in the
science contest, but Carol (C) should not feel disappointed about (D) taking second prize. No error
(E)
13. Recently trolleys have been brought back to solve (A) the problems of (B) congestion caused
by (C) the automobile, the very vehicle that causes (D) the trolley's demise years ago. No error (E)
14. Jocelyn, my friend since (A) junior high school, believes she is more well suited (B) to a
career in the sciences than to (C) the business career her parents have urged her (D) to pursue. No
error (E)
15. One of the playwright's hopes was that (A) the play would shock (B) theatergoers; instead, it
succeeded (C) only in confusing (D) them. No error (E)
16. Bill simultaneously listened to music and did (A) homework at the same time (B) because he
believed that music enabled him (C) to relax while (D) he studied. No error (E)
17. Vaudeville was an early (A) training ground for (B) many great American artists who serve(C)
apprenticeships there before going on to (D) successful careers in theater, film, or television. No
error (E)
18. Biologists which (A) have studied coyotes claim that (B) Living in packs enables (C) the
animals to defend their (D) food supplies against marauders. No error (E)
19. Even when (A) Barbara Jordan put questions toward (B) a political nominee, her elegant
diction evoked (C) in listeners memories of (D) her eloquent political speeches. No error (E)
20. With the current difficulty in filling (A) seats on juries, some (B) argue that jurors should be
compensated for lost wages (C), particularly given the increasing (D) length of trials. No error (E)
21. No one who travels on (A) the expressways that circle our cities can help but noticing (B) the
growing (C) number of junkyards that defile (D) the beauty of the countryside. No error (E)
22. Muffins made from (A) whole-grain graham flour are (B) coarser in texture but more
flavorful(C) than white flour (D). No error (E)
23. In their search for ways to extend the human life span and warding off (A) diseases, scientists
find themselves (B) focusing not on expanding the diet but rather (C) on limiting it. No error (E)
24. The frustrated director held auditions longer than expected because she is unable to find (A)
someone who (B) could convincingly portray (C) a character as complex (D) as Dardanella. No
error (E)
25. Neither a percolator nor (A) a drip coffeepot are likely to(B) produce good coffee if the water
used for brewing (C) is (D)overly chlorinated. No error (E)
26. Long neglected (A) by restaurants in the United States, Portuguese cooking is attracting(B)
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attention with their(C) colorful, highly (D) flavored, and complex dishes. No error (E)
27. Though Rivers had done all (A) the work, Peters had taken all the credit (B), and so he held
him(C) in contempt(D). No error (E)
28. These novels move willing (A) readers away from their humdrum lives (B) and into a world
(C) that is at once (D) fantastic and mysterious. No error (E)
29. Only (A) by the afterglow of the sunset could (B) the hikers find their (C) path to the campsite
at so late (D) an hour. No error (E)
Questions 30-35 refer to the following passage.
(1) In Los Angeles, California, painted on the side of a cement-lined flood channel, there is a
mural. (2) This mural is called The Great Wall of Los Angeles, it is ten feet high and stretches for
over a half mile. (3) Twenty-five artists designed The Wall's forty panels. (4) Over a period that
spanned seven summers, they supervised the hundreds of teenagers from various communities in
Los Angeles who painted the panels. (5) The project, inspired by the famous murals of Mexico
City, was directed by artist Judith Baca. (6) Ms. Baca has been in charge of the work on the mural
since it began in the 1970's.
(7) Mexico City's murals were painted fifty years ago exclusively by renowned artists in the
city's grandest buildings. (8) In Los Angeles, however, over 2,000 murals have been painted in the
last thirty years by ordinary citizens and community activists as well as artists. (9) The murals
range from small creations painted by one or two artists to gigantic projects like The Wall.
(10) Each section of The Wall has a story to tell about the peoples of California. (11)
Community issues are depicted on The Wall. (12) Unfortunately, The Wall ends in the mid-1950's.
(13) One panel, Division of the Barrios and Chavez Ravine, portrays the way freeways divided
families and neighborhoods within the city. (14) Ms. Baca hopes that the communities of Los
Angeles will add new panels and bring The Wall up-to-date.
30. Which of the following is the best version of the underlined part of sentence 2 (reproduced
below) ?
This mural is called The Great Wall of Los Angeles, it is ten feet high and stretches for over a half
mile.
(A) (as it is now)
(B) Angeles, therefore
(C) Angeles because it is
(D) Angeles: moreover, it is
(E) Angeles, having been built
-26831. In context. which is the best way to combine the underlined part of sentences 5 and 6
(reproduced below) ?
The project, inspired by the famous murals of Mexico City, was directed by artist Judith Baca. Ms.
Baca has been in charge of the work on the mural since it began in the 1970s.
(A) is directed by artist Judith Baca, who was
(B) was directed by artist Judith Baca, who has been
(C) artist Judith Baca directing, who has been
(D) was directed and in the charge of Judith Baca, an artist,
(E) was directed by artist Judith Baca, and Ms. Baca was
32. Which of the following would most improve sentence 7 (reproduced below) ?
Mexico City's murals were painted fifty years ago exclusively by renowned artists in the city's
grandest buildings.
(A) Insert "amazing" before "murals".
(B) Change "were painted" to "have been painted".
(C) Change "the city's" to "their".
(D) Change "grandest" to "the most grand".
(E) Move "in the city’s grandest buildings” after “painted”.
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33. What is the primary purpose of sentence 7 ?
(A) To provide a meaningful contrast
(B) To emphasize the main point of the passage
(C) To demonstrate a standard that is difficult to achieve
(D) To leave the reader with a feeling of pride
(E) To repeat a claim made earlier in the passage
34. In context, which is the best revision of the underlined part of sentence 11 (reproduced below)?
Community issues are depicted on The Wall.
(A) issues, however, are
(B) issues affecting everyone
(C) issues, in contrast, are
(D) issues, in particular, are
(E) issues, then, were
35. Where should sentence 12 go?
(A) Where it is now
(B) After sentence 1
(C) After sentence 8
(D) After sentence 13
(E) After sentence 14
SECTION 10
1. Although my brother and I took our dogs to the same training school, my dog won more awards
at obedience trials than my brother.
(A) than my brother
(B) than my brother's dog wins
(C) than my brother's dog
(D) but my brother's dog won fewer awards
(E) but my brother did not
2. Nancy is a better skier than the rest of us because she has been doing it since she arrived in
Colorado at age five.
(A) she has been doing it
(B) she has been skiing
(C) of learning how
(D) of learning to ski
(E) she has been /earning to do it
3. Under the new regulations governing tobacco advertising, the well-known ad that shows people
riding horses smoking cigarettes will no longer be allowed.
(A) that shows people riding horses smoking cigarettes
(B) that shows people smoking cigarettes while riding horses
(C) in which people are shown on horses smoking cigarettes while riding
(D) showing people riding and smoking cigarettes while on horses
(E) of people shown while riding horses and smoking cigarettes
4. Jared behaved like a person permanently on stage, he was always speaking in a dramatic voice
and looking around to see who was listening.
(A) he was always speaking
(13) always he would speak
(C) and he always spoke
(1)) always having spoken
(E) always speaking
5. The Wooden Canoe Heritage Association is devoted to study, building, restoring, and use of the
traditional North American canoe.
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(A) is devoted to study, building, restoring, and use of
(B) is devoting itself to the study of, building and restoring, and using
(C) is devoted to studying, building, restoring, and using
(D) has been devoting itself to the study, building, restoration, and using of
(E) has been devoted to studying, building. restoration, and how wc use
6. On many college campuses, the study of film has become as common as that of the novel.
(A) as common as that of the novel
(B) like the novel, as common
(C) common, as is that of the novel
(D) as common as the novel's study
(E) just as the novel's study is common
7. Milkweed has many varieties, and one of these provide the monarch butterfly with a place to
lay its eggs.
(A) Milkweed has many varieties, and one of these provide
(B) The many varieties of milkweed, one of which provides
(C) One of the many varieties of milkweed provides
(D) One of many varieties of milkweed provide
(E) There are the many varieties of milkweed, and one of them provide
8. In his novels, Thackeray displayed his consciousness of the world about him, as does Dickens,
but he sees the world from an entirely different vantage point.
(A) as does Dickens, but he sees
(B) as with Dickens, but he saw
(C) as Dickens, but Thackeray sees
(D) as in those of Dickens, but he has seen
(E) as did Dickens, but Thackeray saw
9. Though three-fourths of Kenya is a barren plain, the highland area, where most people live, is
farmed extensively.
(A) the highland area, where most people live, is farmed extensively
(B) the highland area is where most people lived and it is extensively farmed
(C) where most people live is in the highland area, it is extensively farmed
(D) where most people live is in the highland area, extensively farmed
(E) most people live and extensively farm the highland area
10. Since they are advised to write what they know about, first novels tend to be heavily
autobiographical.
-270(A) Since they are advised to write what they know about
(B) Being advised to write about what they know
(C) Based on advice to beginning writers to write about what they know
(D) Advising beginning writers to write about what they know
(E) Because beginning writers are advised to write about what they know
11. The proposed methods for controlling pollution presented more as temporary remedies than as
permanent solutions to the problem.
(A) more as temporary remedies than as
(B) as temporary remedies more than
(C) more for temporary remedies than
(D) for temporary remedies more than as
(E) as more temporary remedies than
12. Caricaturists evoke humor by blending the realistic with the comedy in portraits.
(A) by blending the realistic with the comedy
(B) by blending the realistic and the comic
(C) in a blending of realism with the comic
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(D) when their blending reality with the comic
(E) through blends of reality and comic
13. We now realize that the Earth has limited resources which, if they are wasted, you put
everyone in danger.
(A) which, if they are wasted, you put everyone in danger
(B) and if you waste them it puts everyone in danger
(C) and wasting it will be perilous
(D) and it puts everyone in danger to waste them
(E) that we waste at our own peril
14. Digging at the site all power was cut off when the backhoe hit an electric cable; fortunately, no
one was hurt.
(A) Digging at the site, all power was cut off when the backhoe hit an electric cable
(B) Digging at the site, an electric cable was hit by a backhoe, cutting off all power
(C) Cutting off all power, the backhoe hit an electric cable digging at the site
(D) All power was cut off when the backhoe digging at the site hit an electric cable
(E) When digging at the site, an electric cable hit by the backhoe cut off all power
SET41. 2008.5 (SUNDAY)
Section 6
1. The partnership having no written contract, however the two owners felt morally obligated to
share to proceeds of the new venture.
(A) The partnership having no written contract, however
(B) Although the partnership had no written contract,
(C) The partnership has no written contract; unless
(D) Without a written contract of the partnership, however, this meant
(E) Having no written contract of partnership, so
2.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
The fracture on the stone’s surface was exceedingly small, barely large enough for seeing
with the naked eye.
barely large enough for seeing with
large enough to be barely seeing with
which is barely visible to
barely allowing vision with
barely visible to
3. Notable books published during the first decade of the twentieth century covered a topic like
big business, urban problems, racism, and women's issues.
(A) covered a topic like
(B) covers the sort of topics as
(C) covered topics such as
(D) would cover such topics like
(E) were covering topics of
4. Crimson fruitcrows are large birds that live in South American forests with bright red feathers.
(A) that live in South American forests with bright red feathers
(B) who live in South American forests with bright red feathers
(C) that live in South American forests, having bright red feathers
(D) who live, having bright red feathers, in South American forests
(E) with bright red feathers that live in South American forests
5. Until the twentieth century, sugar was unknown in Ethiopia; before this happened, Ethiopians
customarily drank their coffee with salt, butter, or spices.
(A) before this happened
(B) until it happened
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(C) before their use
(D) until using this
(E) before that time
6. On the island of Madagascar lives the peculiar primates known to be lemurs.
(A) lives the peculiar primates known to be lemurs
(B) lives the peculiar primates known as lemurs
(C) the peculiar primates live, they are known to be lemurs
(D) there live what is known as the lemur, a peculiar primate
(E) lemurs, known as a peculiar primate, are living
7. Yawning is nearly universal among mammals, but birds, reptiles, and even fish also yawn,
perhaps for some of the same reasons that mammals do.
(A) perhaps for some of the same reasons
(B) perhaps there are some of the same reasons
(C) and with some of the same reasons possible
and to possibly have similar reasons
(D) possibly with similar reasons
8. It is not uncommon for a great novel to be turned into a mediocre film. Scott Spencer’s Endless
Love is only one case.
(A) film, Scott Spencer's Endless Love is only one case
(B) film, as was the case with Scott Spencer's Endless Love
(C) film, in this case Scott Spencer's Endless Love
(D) film, in the case of Scott Spencer's Endless Love
(E) film, Endless Love, by Scott Spencer, is a case in point
9. One example of people with time-management problems is students who spend most of their
free time practicing sports, and then, later, they are too tired for concentrating on homework.
(A) who spend most of their free time practicing sports, and then, later, they are too tired for
concentrating
(B) that spend most of their free time practicing sports, then being too tired to concentrate
(C) who spend most of their free time practicing sports and then are too tired to concentrate
(D) spending most of their free time practicing sports, but later are too tired to concentrate
(E) spending most of their free time in sports practice, then are too tired for concentrating later
10. According to legend, the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 was started when Mrs. O'Leary's unruly
cow, switching its tail, tipped over a lantern.
(A) switching its tail, tipped over a lantern
(B) tipping over a lantern, switching its tail
-272(C) which tipped over a lantern switching its tail
(D) switching its tail and tipping over a lantern
(E) switching its tail, and a lantern tipped over
11. In the past children were content to entertain themselves with kitchen pots and balls of twine
rather than high-priced electronic toys now.
(A) twine rather than high-priced electronic toys now
(B) twine, not the high-priced electronic toys now
(C) twine; now they want high-priced electronic toys
(D) twine; instead, they are wanting high-priced electronic toys now
(E) twine, but now it is high-priced electronic toys
12. On the agenda of the committee were (A) a proposal to institute (B) a monthly newsletter and
appoint an editor to oversee (C) all aspects (D) of its publication. No error (E)
13. According to (A) the newspaper article, the goal of the project is to provide (B) an enjoyable
reading experience that helped encourage (C) children to read at home (D). No error (E)
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14. Making (A) a difference both (B) on and off the field, Roberto Clemente was an outstanding
baseball player, a dedicated family man (C), and ardently supporting of (D) education in his native
Puerto Rico. No error (E)
15. Despite (A) its (B) detached tone, the critic's book contains a detailed and sometimes quite
moving (C) record of the problems faced by (D) a serious painter. No error (E)
16. They enjoyed going to (A) the movies in the summer, especially (B) when the weather is (C)
too hot for them to do anything strenuous (D) outside. No error (E)
17. The director of the zoological society will read (A) her (B) report on the mating rituals of
various species (C) of Sub-Saharan birds at the next (D) monthly meeting of the society. No error
(E)
18. Ever since the giant panda of China was first (A) introduced to (B) Europeans in the 1800s, it
is (C) a favorite with (D) zoo-goers. No error (E)
19. Workers which (A) earn the minimum wage tend to be (B) young, with just over (C) half
under twenty-five years old and one-third of these teenagers (D). No error (E)
20. Although (A) Gail was told that she possesses (B) remarkable musical talent, she should not
(C) be oblivious from (D) the need for constant practice. No error (E)
21. Laura, who is hard working, ambitious, and has great intelligence (A), would benefit (B)
greatly from (C) an opportunity to attend (D) college. No error (E)
22. Among the recipients (A) of honorary degrees at (B) Harvard's graduation ceremony was (C)
the singer Ella Fitzgerald and the poet and (D) essayist Adrienne Rich. No error (E)
23. Expertise in (A) gathering (B), organizing, and (C) presenting data are (D) highly valued in
businesses that deal with information. No error (E)
24.Designed by architect Frank Gehry (A), the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao. Spain, with its
many irregular shaped (C) galleries, has been hailed as a masterpiece (D) by many people. No
error (E)
25. Because there has always been (A) an easy and friendly relationship between my aunt and I
(C), we look for opportunities to (D) work on projects together. No error (E)
26. The photographer ably (A) captured (B) the intersection of modern and traditional Vietnam in
her picture of two executives exchanging (C) business cards from (D) side-by-side rickshaws. No
error (E)
27. From (A) the prospective (B) of a serious student of (C) Hispanic American history, the new
appointment of Professor Lopez to the history department was a boon (D). No error (E)
28. The conservation organization requested that its researchers refrain from (A) giving out
information in regards to (B) the location of rare holly bushes for (C) fear that people would move
(D) them to private gardens. No error (E)
29. Unlike Jane Austen (A), Robert Southey's reputation has (B) steadily (C) declined since (D)
his death. No error (E)
(1) Most people would agree that forest fires are destructive. (2) Some trees are so
completely adapted to regularly occurring forest fires that they actually need fires in order to grow.
(3) After fire melts the wax that holds the lodgepole pine tree's cones closed, seeds in the cones
fall to the ground and take root. (4) The seeds of other trees are encased in water-impermeable
kernels and cannot start to grow until they are cracked open by a fire's searing heat. (5) When we
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suppress forest fires, dangerous amounts of fuel build up. (6) Ironically, preventing forest fires
threatens "fire-adapted" trees by hindering the growth of their seeds.
(7) The seeds of some fire-resistant plants need smoke as well as flames. (8) The seeds wait
underground until smoke reveals that a fire overhead has fertilized the soil with ash and cleared
away light-blocking plants. (9) One of the responsible agents in smoke: a gas called nitrogen
dioxide. (10) Scientists are concerned about this chemical trigger. (11) The seeds of a wildflower,
Yellow Whispering Bells, germinate when exposed to even tiny amounts of this gas. (12) Like
forest fires, nitrogen dioxide is produced by cars and power plants. (13) Rain and dust particles
carry the common pollutant to the ground daily. (14) Some botanists fear the pollution could be
tricking Whispering Bells seeds. (15) Thinking a fire has occurred, causing them to sprout
prematurely. (16) Fewer seeds would remain to germinate when a real fire came along.
30. In context, which of the following sentences is the best to insert between sentences 1 and 2?
(A) They can be started by a single flash of lightning.
(B) Some plants and trees, however, thrive because of forest fires.
(C) Trees that could not adapt to forest fires have simply died out.
(D) On the other hand, prairie fires once swept annually across the plains of North America
(E) A raging forest fire may destroy everything in its path.
31. Which word or phrase, if inserted at the beginning of sentence 3 (reproduced below), best fits
the context?
After fire melts the wax that holds the lodgepole pine tree's cones closed, seeds in the cones fall to
the ground and take root.
(A) Apparently,
(B) On the other hand,
(C) For instance,
(D) However,
(E) Nevertheless,
32. In context, which is the best revision to sentence 9 (reproduced below)?
One of the responsible agents in smoke: a gas called nitrogen dioxide.
(A) Delete “of the ” and change “agents” to “agent”.
(B) Insert “Known to be” at the beginning.
(C) Add “that is” before “called”.
(D) Change “in” to “has a role to play in”.
(E) Replace “smoke:” with “smoke is”.
33. Which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 12
(reproduced below)?
Like forest fires, nitrogen dioxide is produced by cars and power plants.
-274(A) (as it is now)
(B) nitrogen dioxide is a product of cars and power plants
(C) nitrogen dioxide comes from cars and power plants
(D) cars and power plants produce nitrogen dioxide
(E) producing nitrogen dioxide is done by cars and power plants
34. Which of the following is the best way to revise the underlined part of sentences 14 and 15
(reproduced below)?
Some botanists fear the pollution could be tricking Whispering Bells seeds. Thinking a fire has
occurred, causing them to sprout prematurely.
(A) seeds, they think
(B) seeds, and would think
(C) seeds, who, thinking
(D) seeds into thinking
(E) seeds, thinking
35. Which of the following sentences should be deleted because it disrupts the flow of ideas?
(A) 5
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(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
7
8
13
16
Section 10
1. Martin did not travel with his friends for the reason that he never received his passport in
time.
(A) for the reason that he never received
(B) for the reason being he never received
(C) for the reason of not receiving
(D) because he had not received
(E) because of him not receiving
2. Rodney, Tiffany, and Annabelle were shopping when, dropping her purse, she lost all her
coins down the stairwell.
(A) when, dropping her purse, she lost all her coins down the stairwell
(B) and then she dropped her purse and lost all her coins down the stairwell
(C) when Annabelle dropped her purse and lost all her coins down the stairwell
(D) when Annabelle lost all her coins down the stairwell
(E) and Annabelle, dropping her purse, she lost all her coins down the stairwell
3. After collecting data, scientists at several institutes determined that a parasite was the main
cause of the rapidly spreading disease.
(A) After collecting data, scientists
(B) Only since the collection of data, scientists
(C) After scientists collected data
(D) Because of collecting data, scientists
(E) Data was collected, scientists
4. From the rousing prelude and the brilliant “Toreador Song” to the tragic finale, Bizet’s opera
Carmen being a classic tale of love, death, and fate.
(A) Bizet’s opera Carmen being a classic tale of love, death, and fate
(B) Bizet’s opera Carmen, a classic tale of love, death, and fate
(C) Bizet’s opera Carmen is a classic tale of love, death, and fate
(D) Carmen has been an opera, a classic tale of love, death, and fate, by Bizet
(E) Carmen, is a classic opera that Bizet wrote about love, death, and fate
5. Two early European epics were the Illiad and the Odyssey, originally they were transmitted
orally and only later were written down.
(A) epics were the Illiad and the Odyssey, originally they were
(B) epics, which were the Illiad and the Odyssey, originally they were
(C) epics, the Illiad and the Odyssey, originally were
(D) epics, the Illiad and the Odyssey, originally
(E) epics were the Illiad and the Odyssey, and were originally
6. When unrelated words are presented at a speed of about one word every two seconds, most
people can remember a string of five to seven words.
(A) When unrelated words are presented
(B) To present unrelated words
(C) Presentation of words that are unrelated
(D) Unrelated words being presented
(E) Unrelated words having been presented
7. The Friday ceremony was held indoors due to the fact that it had previously rained and snowed
for the past week, and more rain had been predicted for both that day and the following weekend.
(A) due to the fact that it had previously rained and snowed
(B) owing to the fact that it was raining and snowing
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(C) because it rained and had snowed
(D) because it had rained and snowed
(E) because of the rainy conditions and the snow
8. The Antiquities Act of 1906 authorized the President to declare national historic or prehistoric
ruins or monuments as their being a historic landmark.
(A) as their being a historic landmark
(B) as being a historic landmark
(C) to be historic landmarks
(D) to have become a historic landmark
(E) with becoming historic landmarks
9. Jane Smiley, examining Dicken’s motivations as a writer and his novels being classics even in
his lifetime, wrote a biography of him in 2002.
(A) Jane Smiley, examining Dicken’s motivations as a writer and his novels being classics even in
his lifetime, wrote a biography of him in 2002.
(B) Jane Smiley’s 2002 biography of Charles Dickens, whose novels were classics even in his
lifetime, examines Dicken’s motivations as a writer.
(C) In her 2002 biography of Charles Dickens, Jane Smiley examines Dicken’s motivations as a
writer, his novels were classics even in his lifetime.
(D) Written by Jane Smiley and examining his motivations as a writer, is a 2002 biography of
Charles Dickens, whose novels were classics even in his lifetime.
(E) Charles Dickens, whose novels were classics even in his lifetime, is in a 2002 biography by
Jane Smiley and she examines his motivations as a writer.
10. Many seemingly modern remedies have ancient origins, like the Sumerians, who may have
been using antacids as long ago as 3500 B.C.
(A) have ancient origins, like the Sumerians, who may have been using
(B) have ancient origins; for instance, the Sumerians may have been using
(C) have ancient origins; like the Sumerians using
(D) having ancient origins, for instance, the Sumerians might be using
(E) having ancient origins, as with the Sumerians having used
11. While driving his car to work twice a week, George’s singing annoyed the members of his car
pool.
(A) While driving his car to work twice a week, George’s singing annoyed the members of his car
pool.
(B) While driving two days a week to work in his car, George’s singing annoyed the members of
his car pool.
(C) Driving his car to work twice a week, the fact that George sang annoyed the -276members of his
car pool.
(D) On the two days of the week that he drove to work, George annoyed the members of his car
pool by singing.
(E) When George drove twice a week to work, it was very annoying for the members of his car
pool while he was singing.
12. One kind of irony in literature occurs when a writer creates a situation that is contrary to what
the reader expects.
(A) One kind of irony in literature occurs when a writer creates
(B) One kind of irony occurring in literature is when a writer’s creation of
(C) One kind of irony occurs in literature when a writer who creates
(D) When one kind of irony occurs in literature it is that a writer creates
(E) In literature, one kind of irony can occur when a writer creating
13. Underestimating their nutritional value, vegetables are a food many people avoid eating
altogether.
(A) Underestimating their nutritional value, vegetables are a food many people avoid eating
altogether.
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(B) Vegetables are avoided by many people altogether because of their underestimating their
nutritional value.
(C) Many people avoid eating vegetables altogether, they underestimate their nutritional value.
(D) Many people underestimate the nutritional value of vegetables and so avoid eating them
altogether.
(E) A food avoided altogether by many people underestimating their nutritional value is
vegetables.
14. The marimbula, a hand piano used in Cuban folk music, originated in West Africa, and many
people assume that it was Cuba.
(A) and many people assume that it was
(B) many people assuming
(C) not, as many people assume, in
(D) not what many people assume
(E) but many people assume it to be
SET42. 2009. 5. (SUNDAY)
Section 4
1. Buying a new pair of sunglasses was Karim, and pleased that they were half price.
(A) Buying a new pair of sunglasses was Karim, and pleased that they were half price.
(B) For a new pair of sunglasses, Karim was pleased they were half price.
(C) New sunglasses were half price, Karim bought them.
(D) Karim bought sunglasses for half price, this pleased him.
(E) Karim was pleased that the sunglasses he bought were half price
2.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
3.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
4.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
In several research studies, smells have been shown to evoke memories that have strong
emotional qualities.
to evoke memories that
where evoked memories
evoking memories to
that evoke memories to
that evokes memories that
The number of wildebeests inhabiting the Serengeti region was approximately 100,000 in
1950 but, thanks to the establishment of the Serengeti National Park in 1951, now rise to
about 1.5 million.
now rise
now rising
are now risen
has now risen
have now risen
Callahan’s brief introductory descriptions of Ralph Ellison’s short stories were carefully
written to engage interest rather than summarizing the plots.
interest rather than summarizing
interest rather than summarized
interest rather than to summarize
interest instead of be a summary of
interest, he does not summarize.
5.
Understanding that she could not take her illness lightly and hoping for swift, effective
treatment, Maria decided to see a specialist.
(A) and hoping for swift, effective treatment
(B) yet she hoped for swift, effective treatment
(C) and still she hoped for swift, effective treatment
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(D) yet hoping for her treatment to be swift and effective
(E) and still she was hoping that her treatment would be swift and effective
6.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
7.
The beneficial effects of exercise for patients with mild heart disease is increasingly well
documented.
is increasingly
is increasing and
are increasingly
are increasing and is
has increased and is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the main reason that Macbeth kills the king is a result of when
Lady Macbeth tells him that he will be considered a coward if he does not.
that Macbeth kills the king is a result of when
that Macbeth kills the king is that
that Macbeth kills the king results from when
for Macbeth killing the king is because
for Macbeth in killing the king is that
8.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
If we have knowledge of the future, our lives would be more predictable but less interesting.
If we have
If we have had
If we would have
Provided we have
Were we to have
9.
Flying at a very low altitude in an effort to avoid radar detection, the townspeople were
startled by the jet fighter’s supersonic boom.
townspeople were startled by the jet fighter’s supersonic boom
townspeople found the jet fighter’s supersonic boom startling
jet fighter startled the townspeople with its supersonic boom
jet fighter’s supersonic boom startled the townspeople
jet fighter and its supersonic boom startled the townspeople
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
10. Unlike with alligators, whose lower teeth are hidden when the animal’s mouth is closed, the
lower teeth of a crocodile are always on display.
(A) with alligators, whose lower teeth
(B) with an alligator, whose lower teeth
(C) an alligator, whose lower teeth
(D) the lower teeth of alligators that
-278(E) the lower teeth of an alligator, which
11. The political process in the United States is dominated by the Democratic and Republican
parties, other parties can still influence the nation’s political life, though.
(A) other parties can still influence the nation’s political life, though
(B) still, other parties can influence the nation’s political life
(C) other parties, however, can still influence the nation’s political life
(D) however, other parties can still influence the nation’s political life
(E) though other parties can still influence the nation’s political life
12. The new company issued a press release declaring (A) that it (B) is committed not only to
quality (C) and style and also (D) to affordability. No error (E)
13. Food critics which (A) wrote about (B) the new restaurant were especially (C) delighted with
(D) the extensive menu and the excellent service. No error (E)
14. Of the many souvenirs that I bought back (A) from my trip to Spain, the silver charm that my
host gave me was the more precious (B) because of (C) the memories associated with it (D).
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No error (E)
15. The Bridge of Sighs, a partially enclosed (A) bridge built (B) in Venice (C) in the sixteenth
century, connect (D) the Ducal Palace with the state prison. No error (E)
16. By the end of the day, the recruiter for the new internship program had spoke (A) to each
senior who (B) wanted to pursue (C) a career (D) in city government. No error (E)
17. Carla and Gideon are taking (A) a course that is supposed to (B) help them both become (C)
a safe driver (D). No error (E)
18. The visiting professor’s application for an extended (A) appointment was dismissed rudely
and abrupt (B) by the chancellor of the university, who considered (C) the professor unfit for
(D) the job. No error (E)
19. Many crops have been (A) heavily (B) damaged this year by (C) severe rainstorm when
passing (D) through the rural provinces. No error (E)
20. The laboratory assistant explained to us (A) that the acoustic microscope uses very short (B)
sound waves to scan (C) the surfaces of objects for irregularities (D). No error (E)
21. Many home computer systems now include (A) controls designed to enable (B) parents to
protect young children from inappropriate online content and setting limits (C) on the amount
of time their (D) children spend on the Internet. No error (E)
22. Rudolfo Anaya, whose (A) 1972 novel, Bless Me, Ultima, is considered (B) a classic of
modern American literature, won (C) the PEN Center West Award for (D) his 1992 novel,
Alburquerque. No error (E)
23. Carrie Chapman Catt, who succeeded Susan B. Anthony to be (A) president of the National
American Woman Suffrage Association, led (B) the final drive for (C) ratification of (D) the
Nineteenth Amendment. No error (E)
24. Biologists fear that if the northern snakehead fish establishes itself (A) in the United States,
they (B) will join other introduced (C) species that threaten native plants and animals in and
around (D) water. No error (E)
25. Surprisingly little (A) is known (B) about the origins of the earliest settlers in the region,
even though (C) increasing scholarly interest in the subject has resulted in (D) several studies.
No error (E)
26. Though delightful to (A) the adult palate, the flavors of the dishes are pungent and spicy, so
(B) Nadia takes care (C) not to feed it (D) to very young children. No error (E)
27. Medical researchers have found that life expectancy rates are markedly higher (A) in
countries where (B) children are routinely vaccinated than in countries (C) where this
precaution is not regularly taken (D). No error (E)
28. A new generation of composers of Latin American music, raised on rock music in all their
various (A) permutations, has changed (B) traditional notions of what (C) Latin music ought
to be (D). No error (E)
29. As a proponent (A) of school budget cuts, the district’s superintendent and budget director
have had to (B) face probing, often hostile (C), questions from (D) teachers and parents. No
error (E)
(1) Historians of popular music chronicle the golden era of Motown Record Corporation.
(2) They typically focus on groups such as the Supremes, the Temptations, and the Four Tops,
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each of which topped the rhythm and blues and pop music charts in the sixties. (3) They
tended, in fact, to overlook one of Motown’s most influential groups, the Marvelettes. (4) It is
biographer Marc Taylor who observes that the original Marvelettes were a group that “fell
through the cracks” after rising to great popularity.
(5) In 1961 the Marvelettes became the first female group at Motown to have a
million-selling single, “Please Mr. Postman.” (6) Making it the first of ten songs by the group
that would make the Top 40 on the pop music charts in the next ten years. (7) The music of
the Marvelettes featured rich harmonizing, catchy lyrics, and a danceable, driving beat—all
qualities that appealed to a wide audience. (8) The record company capitalized on the success
of the Marvelettes by promoting other groups with a similar style, and the “Motown sound”
was born.
(9) It was a combination of unfortunate decisions made by the group and Motown
Record Corporation that hastened its decline in popularity. (10) In 1964 the Marvelettes
turned down the opportunity to record “Where Did Our Love Go,” the song that became a
huge success for their Motown rivals the Supremes. (11) In 1976 a concert promoter filed for
Motown’s lapsed trademark and hired new performers to sing as the “Marvelettes.” (12) The
unfortunate result was that the original members of the Marvelettes were no longer allowed
to perform under that name.
30. In context, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 1 and 2
(reproduced below)?
Historians of popular music chronicle the golden era of Motown Record Corporation. They
typically focus on groups such as the Supremes, the Temptations, and the Four Tops, each of
which topped the rhythm and blues and pop music charts in the sixties.
(A) Historians of popular music who chronicle the golden era of Motown Record
Corporation typically focus on
(B) Historians of popular music, by chronicling the golden era of Motown Record
Corporation, typically focusing on
(C) As historians of popular music, they chronicle the golden era of Motown Record
Corporation, typically focusing on
(D) It is, after all, the historians of popular music who chronicle the golden era of Motown
Record Corporation and typically focus on
(E) Chronicling the golden era of Motown Record Corporation, the focus of historians of
popular music is typically on
31. In context, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence3 (reproduced
below)?
They tended, in fact, to overlook one of Motown’s most influential groups, the Marvelettes.
(A) (as it is now)
(B) They tend, however, to overlook
-280(C) Being historians, they tended to overlook
(D) Tending to be overlooked, then, were
(E) What they also tended to overlook is
32. In context, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 4 (reproduced
below)?
It is biographer Marc Taylor who observes that the original Marvelettes were a group that
“fell through the cracks” after rising to great popularity.
(A) Likewise, observes biographer Marc Taylor,
(B) As biographer Marc Taylor observes,
(C) Biographer Marc Taylor is the one who observed that
(D) Marc Taylor is a biographer, and he observes that
(E) Marc Taylor wrote a biography in which he made the observation that to him it seemed
that
33. In context, which revision of the underlined words most effectively combines sentences 5 and
6 (reproduced below)?
In 1961 the Marvelettes became the first female group at Motown to have a million-selling
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single, “Please Mr. Postman.” Making it the first of ten songs by the group that would make
the Top 40 on the pop music charts in the next ten years.
(A) “Please Mr. Postman,” it was
(B) being that “Please Mr. Postman” was
(C) “Please Mr. Postman,” was
(D) “Please Mr. Postman,” which was
(E) Which has made “Please Mr. Postman”
34. What is the relationship between sentences 9 and 10?
(A) Sentence 10 provides an example to support the statement made in sentence 9.
(B) Sentence 10 notes a contrast to the situation described in sentence 9.
(C) Sentence 9 states premises from which sentence 10 draws a logical conclusion
(D) Sentence 9 presents a problem that sentence 10 solves.
(E) Sentence 9 makes a claim that sentence 10 refutes.
35. Where is the best place to insert the following sentence?
In 1969, although the group was enjoying a comeback, the Marvelettes disbanded for
personal reasons, and a few years later Motown failed to keep its corporate ownership of the
Marvelettes’ name.
(A) Immediately before sentence 4
(B) Immediately before sentence 8
(C) Immediately before sentence 10
(D) Immediately before sentence 11
(E) Immediately before sentence 12
Section 10
15. Alain Locke’s 1925 book on the African American art movement in New York City’s Harlem
described artists who were living in Harlem and the exceptional works they produce.
(A) they produce
(B) it produces
(C) they produced
(D) having been produced
(E) they are produding
16. Of all the planets in the Sun’s family, the more spectacular is Saturn, a sphere of ethereal
pastels encircled by shimmering rings of ice.
(A) the more spectacular is Saturn
(B) Saturn is more spectacular
(C) the most spectacular is Saturn
(D) Saturn being most spectacular
(E) which Saturn is the most spectacular
17. Spotted knapweed, rapidly infests rangeland throughout the western United States, is an
invasive thistle-like plant native to Siberia and central Europe.
(A) rapidly infests rangeland throughout the western United States, is an invasive thistle-like
plant native to Siberia and central Europe
(B) which is an invasive thistle-like plant rapidly infesting rangeland throughout the western
United States and native to Siberia and central Europe
(C) an invasive thistle-like plant, has rapidly infested rangeland throughout the western United
States, native to Siberia and central Europe
(D) an invasive thistle-like plant, has rapidly infested rangeland throughout the western United
States, native to Siberia and central Europe
(E) a rapidly infesting thistle-like plant throughout the rangeland of the western United States,
plus native to Siberia and central Europe
18. Just as the acrobats in the first ring began their backflips, that was when the trained dogs in
the second ring began a series of pirouettes, and the circus audience hardly knew where to
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(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
look.
backflips, that was when
backflips was when
backflips, while
backflips and
backflips,
19. Although the writer had intended to conceal the criminal’s identity until the final chapter, he
planted obvious clues to the identity earlier in the book, and he thus had underestimated the
reader’s intelligence.
(A) and he thus had underestimated the reader’s intelligence
(B) in thus underestimating the reader’s intelligence
(C) thus he was underestimating the reader’s intelligence
(D) thus underestimating the reader’s intelligence
(E) the reader’s intelligence is thus underestimated
20.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
The octopus emits a cloud of ink acting as a smokescreen when fleeing a predator.
The octopus emits a cloud of ink acting as a smokescreen when fleeing a predator.
When fleeing a predator, the cloud of ink emitted by an octopus acts as a smokescreen.
The cloud of ink emitted by an octopus acts as a smokescreen when fleeing a predator.
When it flees a predator, the cloud of ink emitted by an octopus acts as a smoke screen.
When fleeing a predator, the octopus emits a cloud of ink that acts as a smokescreen.
21.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Crude oil, often called petroleum, which means “rock oil”.
oil, often called
oil, which is often called
oil being often called
oil is often called
oil, that is
22. The student group that wanted to present a petition to the mayor waited patiently for an hour
to be admitted to the meeting.
(A) The student group that wanted to present a petition to the mayor waited patiently
(B) The student group wanted to present a petition to the mayor, they waited patiently
(C) The student group, wanting to present a petition to the mayor and patiently waiting
(D) Wanting to present a petition to the mayor was the reason why the student group waited
patiently
(E) Presenting a petition to the mayor, the student group waiting patiently
23. Studies in sports psychology indicate participation in recreational activities such
as basketball,
-282aerobics, or running reduces the anxiety associated by stress.
(A) reduces the anxiety associated by
(B) have reduced the anxiety associated by.
(C) has reduced the anxiety associated from
(D) reduces the anxiety associated with.
(E) reduce the anxiety associated with.
24. Because of her training and background, Dara loves the clarity and order that science
provides, but, moreover, delighting in the creativity and unpredictability she finds in art.
(A) but, moreover, delighting in
(B) but has delight in
(C) but she also delights in
(D) she delights, too, in
(E) whereas delighting in
25. Even if indifference to inequities still exist in some parts of the world, human rights
organizations continue working to eradicate such indifference.
(A) Even if indifference to inequities still exist
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(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Even where indifference for inequities still exists
Although indifference to inequities still exists
Although indifference about inequities still exist
Although indifference for inequities still exist
26. The number of people who call themselves storm chases has swelled, some of them have
even turned their hobby into a business by taking people on expeditions to view tornadoes.
(A) has swelled, some of them have even turned
(B) has swelled, and some have even turned
(C) swelled, and some have even turning
(D) have swelled, some of them have even turned
(E) have swelled, some whom even turned
27. Unlike the open plains on which prides, or groups, of lions live, tigers are solitary animals
that live and hunt in forests.
(A) Unlike the open plains on which prides, or groups, of lions live,
(B) Unlike the prides, or groups, of lions living on open plains
(C) Whereas prides, or groups, on open plains are where lions live
(D) Whereas lions live in prides, or groups, on open plains
(E) Whereas lions, which live in prides, or groups, on open plains
28. During the first year of college, many students, enjoying the intellectual freedom of their new
environments, become interested in, even passionate about, issues they previously considered
unimportant.
(A) become interested in, even passionate about
(B) become interested, even passionate, about
(C) become interested and even passionate about
(D) have a new interest and even become passionate for
(E) have a new interest for and even a passion for
答案：
1.E 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.A
12.D 13.A 14.B 15.D
21.C 22.E 23.A 24.B
30.A 31.B 32.B 33.D
1.C 2.C 3.C 4.E 5.D
11.C 12.B 13.D 14.A
6.C
16.A
25.E
34.A
6.E
7.B 8.E 9.C 10.E 11.E
17.D 18.B 19.D 20.E
26.D 27.E 28.A 29.A
35.D
7.E 8.A 9.D 10.C
SET43. 2010.5. (SUNDAY)
SECTION 7
1. African honeybees communicate alarm with them releasing chemical secretions called
pheromones, which trigger an explosive response in the honeybee colony.
(A) with them releasing
(B) through them releasing
(C) by releasing
(D) that they release
(E) from their release of
2. Joel Roberts Poinsett, the first United States ambassador to Mexico, and the poinsettia plant was
introduced into the United States by him.
(A) and the poinsettia plain was introduced into the United States by him
(B) and by him the poinsettia plant was introduced into the United States
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(C) introduced the poinsettia plant into the United States
(D) and through him came the introduction of the poinsettia plant to the United States
(E) and into the United States he introduced the poinsettia plant
3. If you sail due west from the city of Perth in Australia, one will not land until the coast of Africa
is reached.
(A) one will not encounter land until the coast of Africa is reached
(B) one will not encounter any other land before reaching the coast of Africa
(C) the first land one will encounter will not be until the coast of Africa is reached
(D) you will not he encountering land, not until you reach the coast of Africa
(E) you will not encounter land until you reach the coast of Africa
4. The harsh winter has finally given way to spring, and this being when work crews must repair
the damaged road surfaces left in winter's wake.
(A) this being when
(B) being that
(C) when
(D) now
(E) it is when
5. Current research suggests that your memory of an event is constructed both from hits and pieces
of your own experience and from what other people have told you about the event.
(A) and from what other people have told you about the event
(B) and also from what other people tell one about the event
(C) but from other people's telling of the event to a person
(D) and that which is told to one by other people concerning the event
(E) with what other people around the event have told you
6. The Napa Valley of California, where pioneer George Yount planted the first grapevines in 1838,
and it also is known for its rich soil, sunny days, and cool nights--ideal grape-growing conditions.
(A) and it also is known
(B) known also
(C) being known
(D) is known
(E) because it is known
7. Historical buildings and objects are fragile and vulnerable, each nation has a responsibility to
preserve these artifacts for future generations.
(A) each nation has a responsibility
-284(13) as such each nation has a responsibility
(C) since such is the case, each nation's responsibility is
(D) the responsibility each nation has
(E) so each nation has a responsibility
8. Although Carl Stamitz never composed a true masterpiece, his music merits greater recognition
than it has so far received.
(A) his music merits greater recognition than it has so far received
(B) his music merits receiving greater recognition, but they have not so far
(C) his music merits to receive greater recognition than it so far has
(D) greater recognition is merited, but his music has not received it so far
(E) he merits to receive greater recognition than his music has so far
9. Singer quickly patented the sewing machine he had invented to ensure that he will profit from
its commercial success.
(A) invented to ensure that he will profit
(B) invented to ensure himself to be profiting
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(C) invented to be ensured of his profiting
(D) invented, ensuring himself to profit
(E) invented, ensuring that he would profit
10. Piloted flights to Mars have not been planned because it requires costly and complicated
technology.
(A) because it requires
(B) because it would require
(C) because they would require
(D) as it will require
(E) as they are requiring
11. Yogurt and buttermilk were valued originally not so much for their nutritional benefits but
because they were resistant to spoilage.
(A) but because they were resistant
(B) but because of their resistance
(C) hut for being resistant
(D) as for them resisting
(E) as for their resistance
12. Yesterday Robin and John would use(A) a computer presentation to illustrate(B) the highlights
of their(C) report on alternative energy sources for(C) heating and cooling our homes. No error(E)
13. Gloria Estefan's 1985 song "Conga," with its (A) blend of salsa, pop and jazz, and
considered(B) a musical breakthrough because(C) it introduced a wide audience to(D) Latin
rhythms. No error(E)
14. Angered by (A) the administrator's recent refusal to address (B) their concerns about working
conditions, most members of the hospital staff is expressing (C) their discontent by showing up (D)
late for work. No error(E)
15. Evidence from several sources suggests (A) that the poet Emily Dickinson, when young, is (B)
quite sociable, although she was later deemed (C) a reclusive eccentric (D). No error(E)
16. Only after (A) the fierce winds of the blizzard had fell (B) to occasional gusts did (C) the bus
driver feel confident that she could navigate (D) the snow-covered back roads. No error(E)
17. After chatting (A) about work experiences with (B) the four other applicants in the waiting
room, Jenny realized that (C) she was the better (D) candidate for the position. No error(E)
18. Scientists and researchers which (A) are respected in their fields have conducted (B) studies
indicating that (C) the good feelings produced by eating chocolate may be attributed (D) to its
effect on a brain chemical called anandamide. No error(E)
19. In May, construction began on (A) a second building that will be attaching (B) to the existing
(C) one (D). No error(E)
20. Although she knew that the seat was reserved for someone else (A), Mary interrupted the
conversation between John and I (B) to ask (C) if she could sit with us (D). No error(E)
21. The manuscripts in the museum collection, all (A) more than (B) 1.000 years old, had been
carefully (C) preserved for centuries by collectors who realized how rare (D) and valuable they
were. No error(E)
22. France is well-known throughout the world (A) for their (B) numerous (C) mountain ranges,
which include (D) the Alps, the Pyrenees, and the Vosges. No error(E)
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23. In southwestern deserts, invasive (A) buffelgrass fuels (B) wildfires by growing (C) in the
open spaces that normally separate native desert plants and protects them (D) from fire. No
error(E)
24. Despite receiving (A) praise for (B) its special effects, the movie was criticized because its
characters were so weak as being (C) scarcely (D) believable. No error(E)
25. Along (A) the edge of the trail stands (B) the huge boulders that make (C) the canyon so
unnerving (D) to traverse. No error(E)
26. After extensive remodeling (A), each of the historic hotel's 75 rooms have (B) an Internet
connection for use (C) by guests (D). No error(E)
27. For much (A) of the last century, the building industry relied heavily on the availability of
timber, but now that (B) forest resources are being depleted rapidly (C), builders must decide what
to do about it (D). No error(E)
28. The conscientious (A) board of directors has done (B) everything it can to address (C) the
issues raised by their critics (D). No error(E)
29. Found (A) worldwide in temperate and tropical waters, the broadbill swordfish, a member of
the billfish family, gets its name from (B) its smooth, flattened bill, which is much longer and
wider (C) than any other (D) billfish. No error(E)
Questions 30-35 refer to the following passage.
(1) Many people assume that the language Shakespeare spoke is outdated. (2) They are not
aware that he invented or was the first to use in print many of the words we use today. (3) Some
words that one is thinking of as very modern sounding are among those we can attribute to
Shakespeare. (4) Words with a decidedly contemporary ring, such as "addiction," "bedazzle,"
"cranky," and "underdog," all come from the Bard.
(5) When we say we got our "money's worth," or exclaim "for goodness sake," or refuse to
"budge an inch," we use phrases that first appeared in Shakespeare's writings. (6) Authors of all
kinds have turned to the Bard. (7) They use catchy phrases from his works in their titles. (8) The
titles of the march Pomp and Circumstance and the novels Brave New World, The Sound and the
Fury, and The Dogs of War come from it. (9) The title of the sixth Star Trek movie, The
Undiscovered country, comes from the "To be or not to be" speech in Hamlet. (10) Even the
phrase "household words” that might partly entitle this essay comes from Shakespeare's Henry V.
(11) Scholars who study Shakespeare are known as "bardologists." (12) From headlines to best
sellers to commercials, Shakespeare's words have permeated our language.
-28630. In context, which of the following revisions is most needed in sentence 3 (reproduced below) ?
Some words that one is thinking of as very modern sounding are among those we can attribute to
Shakespeare.
(A) Change "Some" to "Few".
(B) Change "are among those" to "is among that".
(C) Change "we can attribute" to "we attribute".
(D) Insert "the writings of" before "Shakespeare".
(E) Change "one is thinking" to "we think".
31. Which of the following sentences is best to place before sentence 5"
(A) We also quote Shakespeare more than we may think.
(B) Shakespeare was modem in his outlook.
(C) Shakespeare could make characters from kings to gravediggers sound realistic.
(D) Many people, perhaps all of us, would be surprised if we used Shakespeare's words.
(E) What follows are some examples.
32. Which is the most effective combination of sentences and 7 (reproduced below) ?
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Authors of all kinds have turned to the Bard. They use catchy phrases from his ‘corks in their
titles.
(A) Authors of all kinds have turned to the Bard, and they use catchy phrases in their titles from
his works.
(B) Authors of all kinds have been turning to the Bard, and they put into their titles catchy phrase:
from his works.
(C) Authors of all kinds have turned to the Bard, using catchy phrases from his works in their titles.
(D) Catchy phrases from his works are the way Shakespeare has helped authors of all kinds witl
their titles.
(E) For catchy phrases. authors of all kinds have turned to Shakespeare, where they find titles.
33. What is the best version of the underlined part of sentence 8 (reproduced below)?
The titles of the march Pomp and Circumstance and the novels Brave New World, The Sound and
the Fury, and The Dogs of War come from it.
(A) (as it is now)
(B) had come from things he wrote
(C) are what Shakespeare wrote
(D) were originally Shakespearean phrases
(E) these are Shakespeare
34. In context, which is the best way to write the underlined portion of sentence to (reproduced
below)?
Even the phrase "household words" that might partly entitle this essay comes from Shakespeare's
Henry V.
(A) words" that could title, partly, this essay
(B) words," part of a good title for this essay, maybe,
(C) words" that would partly he a good title for this essay
(D) words," which some have suggested to be a good part of the title for this essay,
(E) words," which could be part of a good title for this essay,
35. Which of the following sentences should be deleted to improve the unity and coherence of the
passage?
(A) Sentence 1
(B) Sentence 9
(C) Sentence 10
(D) Sentence 11
(E) Sentence 12
Section 10
1. The reason autobiographies popular is because of them often drawing upon experiences from
childhood that many readers have had.
(A) The reason autobiographies are popular is because of them often drawing
(B) Autobiographies are popular because they often draw
(C) The popularity of autobiographies is because of often drawing
(D) Autobiographies are popular by reason of them often drawing
(E) The reason for their popularity is because autobiographies often draw
2. Dr. William Marston developed the polygraphic lie detector, a Harvard-trained psychologist
also known for creating the comic book character Wonder Worn.
(A) Dr. William Marston developed the polygraphic lie detector,
(B) The polygraphic lie detector was developed by Dr. William Marston,
(C) Developer of the polygraphic lie detector, Dr. William Marston,
(D) Dr. William Marston, who developed the polygraphic lie detector, he was
(E) Dr. William Marston, who developed the polygraphic lie detector,
3. Whatever their business, merchants found most formidable competitor was often to be
Montgomery Ward & Co.. a Chicago-based mail-order house that in 1875 called itself the “most
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complete store on earth.”
(A) found their most formidable competitor was often to be
(B) often were finding that their most formidable competitor was to be
(C) often found their most formidable competitor to be
(D) finding most often to be that their most formidable competitor was
(E) finding their competitor would most often be formidable,
4. When the first European explorers and settlers arrived in what is now the state of Wisconsin,
thousands of Native American ceremonial and burial mounds were found clustered along lakes,
also beside rivers, and on hilltops.
(A) thousands of Native American ceremonial and burial mounds were found clustered along
fakes , also
(B) thousands of Native American ceremonial and burial mounds clustered along lakes were found,
also
(C) clustered along lakes were found thousands of Native American ceremonial and burial mounds,
(D) they found clustered along lakes thousands of Native American ceremonial and burial mounds,
which were, in addition,
(E) they found thousands of Native American ceremonial and burial mounds clustered along lakes,
5. Today's college graduates are looking for careers such as lawyers, nurses, journalism, and
engineering fields.
(A) careers such as lawyers, nurses, journalism, and engineering fields
(B) careers, the fields include law, nursing, journalism, and engineering
(C) careers in such fields as law, nursing, journalism, and engineering
(D) such careers as lawyers, nurses, journalism and engineering fields
(E) such careers where they are lawyers, nurses, journalists, and in engineering
6. Dr. Ellen Ochoa is a scholar, inventor, musician, and participant in three NASA space shuttle
flights, her first assignment in space was on board the shuttle Discovery in 1993.
(A) flights, her
(B) flights, so her
(C) flights: her
(D) flights, being as her
(E) flights: and therefore her
7. Earth Day, a holiday instituted to raise awareness of environmental issues, is celebrated at
schools across the country.
(A) a holiday instituted
(B) a holiday has been instituted
(C) which was a holiday having been instituted
-288(D) it had been instituted as a holiday
(E) was instituted as a holiday
8. I read recently that classical music is more popular among European high school students than
students in America.
(A) than students in America
(B) compared to American high schools
(C) than among American high school students
(D) than the same music is among American high schools
(E) than is its popularity among American students
9. Jennifer found that achieving goals became much easier after she learned to plan ahead.
(A) achieving goals became much easier after she learned to plan ahead
(B) to achieve goals becomes much easier after she learned to plan ahead
(C) goals became more easily achieved after learning to plan ahead
(D) after he has learned and planned ahead, it was much easier achieving goals
(E) she achieved goals much more easily by planning it ahead
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10. The largest blackout in history, which left parts of the United States and two Canadian
provinces without power, were thought to be caused by both human error and mechanical failure.
(A) were thought to be caused by
(B) are thought to be due to
(C) is thought to have resulted from
(D) is thought to have been because of
(E) was thought to be through
11. The Pacific Northwest averaging 4,000 wildfires a year, caused mostly by lightning.
(A) averaging 4,000 wildfires a year, caused mostly
(B) averages 4,000 wildfires a year; most are caused
(C) has an average of 4,000 wildfires a year, they are mostly caused
(D) with an average of 4,000 wildfires a year; caused mostly
(E) averages 4,000 wildfires a year, most of them are caused
12. The English artist Edwin Landseer, famous for his ambidexterity, sometimes drawing one
animal with his left hand while drawing another with his right.
(A) drawing one animal
(B) one animal was drawn
(C) one animal drawn
(D) he drew one animal
(E) drew one animal
13. The government of South Africa imprisoned Nelson Mandela for 30 years, only to later be
elected president of the country.
(A) only to later he elected
(B) despite his later being elected
(C) and later was elected
(D)which he was later elected
(E) hut he was later elected
14. Just as his mother collected Civil War memorabilia and his father collected commemorative
stamps, so Andrew has started to collect autographs.
(A) so Andrew has started to collect autographs
(B) Andrew has started collecting, and it is of autographs
(C) so Andrew 's collection is autographs
(D) and so, for Andrew, a collection of autographs
(E) and like them Andrew has started to collect autographs
SET44. 2011.5. (SUNDAY)
SECTION 4
1. Using a technique known as "camera trapping," biologists place cameras in highly remote and
ecologically sensitive places ,this is for looking for animals feared to be extinct.
(A) places, this is for looking for
(B) places, because of looking for
(C) places in the looking for of
(D) places to look for
(E) places, it was to look for
2. The Palace of Versailles, which derived much of its spectacular effect from its profusion of
mirrors, was built at a time when few people could afford even one glass mirror.
(A) was built at a time when
(B) were being built at a time when
(C) and at the time when it was being built
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(I)) the time it was built
(E) built at a time that
3. Though experts agreed that the economy was slowing down, few were believing in the
likelihood of a recession.
(A) few were believing in the likelihood of a recession
(B) few believed that a recession was likely
(C) in the likelihood of a recession, few believed
(D) the belief was held by few that a recession was likely
(E) there were few believing that to have a recession was likely
4. The Moon, with a gravity just one-sixth of Earth's, and might be used as a jumping-off point for
space voyages beyond Earth's orbit.
(A) Earth's, and might be used as a jumping-off point for space voyages beyond Earth's orbit
(B) Earth's, might be used as a jumping-off point for space voyages beyond Earth's orbit
(C) Earth's, even though it might be used as a jumping-off point for space voyages beyond Earth's
orbit
(D) Earth's might be used for space voyages beyond Earth's orbit, and as a jumping-off point
(E) Earth's, which might make it a jumping-off point for space voyages beyond Earth's orbit
5. The ballet Nutcracker Suite has become so familiar and as a result few can imagine the
enchantment audiences felt when Maria Tallchief first danced the role of the Sugar Plum Fairy.
(A) and as a result
(B) resulting in the fact that
(C) and therefore
(D) and
(E) that
6. During the 1920s many Cuban painters who had traveled abroad returned to their homeland to
produce paintings that were more angular and stylized than conventional Western painters.
(A) conventional Western painters
(B) Western painters who were conventional
(C) those being by conventional Western painters
(D) conventions of Western painting
(E) conventional Western paintings
7. New Mexico is rich in remarkably well-preserved ruins, such as the multi-storied adobe pueblos
to provide visitors with insight into the lives of early inhabitants of the Southwest.
(A) pueblos to provide visitors with insight into
(B) pueblos, providing visitors with insight for
-290(C) pueblos, they provide for visitors an insight of
(D) pueblos that provide visitors with insight into
(E) pueblos and provide visitors insight to
8. Generating considerable publicity in the summer of 1961, the Freedom Riders wanted to force
the federal government take a stand on civil rights while traveling from Washington. DC, to
Mississippi.
(A) wanted to force the federal government to take a stand on civil rights while traveling from
Washington, D.C., to Mississippi
(B) wanted to force the federal government, while traveling from Washington, D.C., to Mississippi,
to take a stand on civil rights
(C) was when they traveled from Washington, D.C., to Mississippi to force the federal government
to take a stand on civil rights
(D) traveled from Washington, D.C., to Mississippi to force the federal government to take a stand
on civil rights
(E) traveled from Washington, D.C., to Mississippi, they wanted to force the federal government
to take a stand on civil rights
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9. If you were a songwriter in the early twentieth century, one would wait for a paid request, not
inspiration, before writing a song for a specific show or movie.
(A) one would wait for a paid request, not inspiration,
(B) one would have to wait, not for inspiration, but for a paid request
(C) you would wait not for inspiration but for a paid request
(D) songwriters waited for a paid request, not to be inspired,
(E) you were waiting for a paid request and not be inspired
10. For many, the game of Scrabble is no mere pastime: highly skilled players participate in
tournaments every bit as intense as competing chess masters.
(A) competing chess masters
(B) those in which chess masters compete
(C) when chess masters compete
(D) they were when chess masters compete
(E) if chess masters were competing
11. Those who have already attended a performance of the play have said that it is at once
exhausting because of its length and complexity but its clever plot is still intriguing.
(A) but its clever plot is still intriguing
(B) although it is still intriguingly clever in its plot
(C) however it is intriguing in its clever plot
(D) while a clever plot makes it intriguing
(E) and intriguing because of its clever plot
12. After peeking (A) through the stage curtains to check(B) the size of the audience, Jen reported
to the cast that there was(C) many people present for(D) the opening night performance. No error
(E)
13. Hiking through(A) the the forest last weekend, the Hollisters discovered a clearing where they
find(B) cars and auto parts that had been abandoned(C) far from(D) any road. No error (E)
14. Unless(A) the layers of the dermis are(B) seriously damaged, when the skin of an injured
fingertip heals, the body reproduces(C) the original fingerprint exact(D). No error (E)
15. Much of (A) the success of both Jack Benny and Bob Hope as a master of (B) comic
monologues can be attributed to(C) the creative work(D) of their talented joke writers. No error
(E)
16. The park commission is gaining (A) influence in the past A few years, but it (B) still has (C) to
convince many skeptical voters to approve (D) a new county park. No error (E)
17. As (A) king of England, Henry VIII eventually assumed an independence (B) in religious
matters that was (C) intolerable to Thomas More, who had long been (D) his friend. No error (E)
18. Few recordings of (A) Brahms's Alto Rhapsody manages (B) to convey (C) the serenity of (D)
Kathleen Ferrier's version. No error (E)
19. The first public buildings to have air-conditioning were often (A) movie theaters and
restaurants, whose (B) owners tried to attract (C) customers by promising that you would be (D)
cooler inside. No error (E)
20. When (A) they first appeared in (B) 1864, copies of the African American newspaper New
Orleans Tribune was printed(C) in French as well as (D) English. No error (E)
21. Although raining (A), everyone who had come (B) to the A premiere of the new film was(C)
determined to remain in the long line rather than (D) go home. No error (E)
22. The telescope constructed by Galileo, which enabled people to observe the contours of the
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Moon, demonstrated that (A) lenses could (B) enhance the power of human vision to (C) a
previous (D) unimaginable degree. No error (E)
23. Marisa became fluent in French only after (A) she had lived in (B) France for a while; she
would not have acquired the language as quickly (C) by studying (D) French at home. No error
(E)
24. Snowmobiles may now (A) be ridden within (B) the previously restricted part of the national
park, even without (C) explicit permission for it (D). No error (E)
25. Between A.D. 350 and (A) 550, Kolomoki, in what (B) is now Georgia, was one of (C) the
largest and most densely (D) populated towns north of pre-Columbian Mexico. No error (E)
26. Users of advanced software often think (A) that the initial (B) sections of their support
manuals provide (C) them with all the information you (D) will ever need. No error (E)
27. Contrasting (A) a résumé, a cover letter allows job applicants to write in (B) a more
conversational (C) style and to suggest their (D) possible contributions to a company's success. No
error (E)
28. On her second attempt of rowing (A) across the Atlantic Ocean on her own (B), Tori Murden
accomplished what (C) no citizen of the United States had before (D). No error (E)
29. Having (A) methodically examined (B) the building and its entrances, the fire inspector
concluded that (C) the owner had complied to (D) all regulations. No error (E)
Questions 30-35 refer to the following passage.
(1) To me, an art museum was never a place I would visit for pleasure. (2) The last time I went to
the city museum, it affected me in a way I had never expected. (3) I wandered about aimlessly
until I found myself on the European paintings floor. (4) The first painting I noticed, a work by El
Greco, amazed me. (5) It did not look at all like the paintings by other artists. (6) This painting is
called The Adoration of the Shepherds. (7) It looked like it was painted in this century, not the
sixteenth century, and so do the other El Greco paintings in the gallery. (8) What appealed to me
most was his use of light, which reminded me of the eerie glow we see in the sky on cloudy days,
often during a pause between rain showers. (9) In The Adoration of the Shepherds, for example, El
Greco uses light and color in his portrayal of people and celestial beings. (10) The figures seem so
natural that you are surprised to sec them in a painting, and by contrasting, the lighting is so
surreal that it is obvious that the angels and people are neither ordinary nor real. (11) Although I
probably do not understand all of El Greco's symbolism, I like the passion and tragedy in his art.
(12) In fact, discovering El Greco changed rm.
-29230. The function of sentence 1 is to
(A) establish the point of view that the passage will take
(B) provide an important definition
(C) present an assumption that the passage contradicts
(D) state an argument that the passage develops
(E) catch the reader's attention with a humorous statement
31. In context, which most improves sentence 2 (reproduced below) ?
The last time I went to the city museum, it affected me in a way I had never expected.
(A) Add "however," after "museum".
(B) Change "it" to "this place".
(C) Change "in a way" to "such that".
(D) Delete "had".
(E) Change "expected" to "anticipated".
32. In context, which of the following is the best way to combine sentences 6 and 7 (reproduced
below)?
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This painting is called The Adoration of the Shepherds. It looked like it was painted in this century,
not the sixteenth century, and so do the other El Greco paintings in the gallery.
(A) The paintings of El Greco in the gallery, including The Adoration of the Shepherds, look like
they were painted in this century; not the sixteenth century.
(B) El Greco's paintings in the gallery, like The Adoration of the Shepherds, which look like they
were painted in this century but were really painted in the sixteenth century.
(C) Like El Greco's other paintings in the gallery, this painting, The Adoration of the Shepherds,
being really painted in the sixteenth century, looked like one painted in this century.
(D) Like the other paintings by El Greco in the gallery, this one, The Adoration of the Shepherds,
looked as if it had been painted in this century, not the sixteenth century.
(E) This painting, The Adoration of the Shepherds, looked as though it was painted in this century,
not the sixteenth century; as did the other El Greco paintings in the gallery.
33. What is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 10 (reproduced below) ?
The figures seem so natural that you are surprised to see them in a painting by contrasting, the
lighting is so surreal that it is obvious that the angels and people are neither ordinary nor real.
(A) (as it is)
(B) painting, then the contrast with the lighting
(C) painting. In contrast, the lighting
(D) painting. The lighting, contrasting,
(E) painting, a contrast is that the lighting
34. In context, which is the best replacement for "like" in sentence 11 (reproduced below) ?
Although I probably do not understand all of El Greco 's symbolism, I like the passion and tragedy
in his art.
(A) ignore
(B) appreciate
(C) emphasize
(D) realize
(E) view
35. Which of the following sentences would best conclude the essay?
(A) I consider El Greco's paintings passionate and tragic but not sad or depressing.
(B) Besides the work of El Greco, the paintings of many other European artists are available for
museum visitors to enjoy.
(C) In its use of color and light, The Adoration of the Shepherds is a painting that is most typical
of the artist's style.
(D) Paintings had never seemed important to me before, but I now look forward to learning even
more about art.
(E) You should visit your local art museum, and it might happen to you.
SECTION 10
1. One of Earth's largest living animals, the sperm whale can be growing to 60 feet long, weigh 60
tons, and swim at speeds of up to 20 miles an hour.
(A) the sperm whale can be growing to 60 feet long
(B) the sperm whale can grow to 60 feet long
(C) the sperm whale that can be grown to 60 feet long
(D) growing to 60 feet long as a sperm whale
(E) it may grow into a sperm whale 60 feet long
2. The author was awakened by the ringing telephone then she learned that she had won the
Pulitzer Prize.
(A) The author was awakened by the ringing telephone then she learned
(B) After being awakened by the ringing telephone, the author learned
(C) The author was awakened by the ringing telephone then it was learned by her
(D) The telephone rang and awakened the author, she then learned
(E) The phone rang, awakening her, then the author learned
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3. The image on a television screen is made up of hundreds of lines of colored dots and are
redrawn many times a second, changing minutely each time.
(A) dots and
(B) dots and which
(C) dots, which
(D) dots, with which they
(E) dots, they
4. In the Kansas-Missouri border conflicts during the Civil War, people who were living beside
one another all their lives were suddenly becoming mortal enemies.
(A) were living beside one another all their lives were suddenly becoming
(B) have lived beside one another all their lives suddenly became
(C) are living beside one another all their lives have suddenly become
(D) had lived beside one another all their lives suddenly became
(E) live beside one another all their lives suddenly became
5. During the United Nations' 58th annual assembly, delegates designates the decade from 2005 to
2015 as the Water for Life Decade in order to ensure freshwater supplies in every country.
(A) designates the decade from 2005 to 2015 as
(B) designating the decade from 2005 to 2015
(C) has designated the decade from 2005 to 2015 to be
(D) would be designating the decade from 2005 to 2015 is
E) designated the decade from 2005 to 2015 as
6. Although scientists have long attempted to find a cure for the common cold, they find it
difficult to do so because there are so many different viral strains.
(A) Although scientists have long attempted to find a cure for the common cold
(B) Although attempting as scientists to find a cure for the common cold
(C) Scientists, long attempting to find a cure for the common cold
(D) Scientists who attempted to find a cure for the common cold, and
(E) Scientists for long have attempted to find a cure for the common cold, however
7. Unlike land birds, which have landmarks to help guide them in flight, there are no apparent
markers for seabirds, which are able to navigate for great distances over open ocean without them.
(A) there are no apparent markers for seabirds, which are able to navigate for great distances over
open ocean without them
(B) seabirds are able to navigate without such markers for great distances over open ocean
(C) seabirds, which are able to navigate over open ocean for great distances, where there are
apparently no markers
-294(D) without such markers, seabirds are able to navigate for great distances over open ocean
(E) over open ocean where there are no apparent markers seabirds nevertheless are able to
navigate for great distances
8. Unless people are experienced in canoeing, he or she should not travel on uncharted waters.
(A) he or she should not travel on uncharted waters
(B) one should not travel on uncharted waters
(C) they should not travel on uncharted waters
(D) we should avoid uncharted waters when traveling
(E) uncharted waters should be avoided for traveling
9. The director, who has worked as extensively in theater and in film, often juxtaposes intimate
scenes and sweeping action in her movies.
(A) and in
(B) like in
(C) as she was
(D) as in
(E) as
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10. Not being a stubborn fool or a dishonorable scoundrel, just protecting one of his most
important possessions, his pride.
(A) Not being a stubborn fool or a dishonorable scoundrel,
(B) Not that he was a stubborn fool or a dishonorable scoundrel, but
(C) Neither a stubborn fool nor a dishonorable scoundrel, he was
(D) He was not a stubborn fool or a dishonorable scoundrel, being as he was
(E) Him being neither a stubborn fool nor a dishonorable scoundrel, he was
11. Genetic engineering of plants, which has both opponents and proponents, may help improve
drought tolerance in vegetables, a development that could increase crop yields.
(A) a development that could increase crop yields
(B) and that could help the increase of crop yields
(C) which would help for increasing crop yields
(D) helping to increase, with this development, the yields of crops
(E) as such a development would help increase the yields of crops
12. The article indicates that organized aid is indispensable to maintaining public health when
involving a nation that has both a drought and a civil war situation.
(A) to maintaining public health when involving a nation that has both a drought and a civil war
situation
(B) to the maintenance of public health in a nation that is enduring both drought and civil war
(C) for the maintaining of public health in the nation in a drought and civil war status
(D) while public health maintained in a nation that endures both a drought and a civil war
(E) when they are maintaining public health in a nation enduring both drought and civil war
13. The programmers have created a video game notable both for offering students a variety of
challenges and for providing them a wealth of educational benefits.
(A) game notable both for offering students a variety of challenges and for
(B) game notable both for offering students a variety of challenges, also for
(C) game, it is notable for both offering students a variety of challenges and
(D) game notable to offer students both a variety of challenges and
(E) game notably offering students both a variety of challenges and
14. Unlike early cowboy movies, in which the good and the bad are readily distinguishable, nearly
every character in this film is presented as a villain.
(A) nearly every character in this film is presented as a villain
(B) this film presents nearly every character as a villain
(C) this film has nearly every character presented as villains
(D) almost every character this film presents is a villain
(E) almost every character in this film is presented as villains
SET45. 2012. 5. (SUNDAY)
Section 4
1. Because the United States in the early 1800s was largely rural, many inventors by women of
that period relating to agriculture.
(A) relating to
(B) related to
(C) that were related to
(D) is related for
(E) relates for
2.
If the tongue was cooled or warmed, taste buds send signals to the brain that the brain
interprets as tastes—such as sweetness or saltiness.
(A) If the tongue was cooled or warmed,
(B) When the tongue is cooled or warmed,
(C) Upon the tongue cooling or warming,
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(D) By the tongue being cooled or warmed,
(E) The tongue cooled or warmed, where
3.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
The extraordinary success of the Westside Preparatory School has been featured on television,
written about in newspapers, and cited by leaders in education around the world.
School has been featured on television, written about in newspapers, and
School has been featured on television, written about in newspapers, and being
School, which is featured on television, being written about in newspapers and
School, having been featured on television, being written about in newspapers, and
School, when featured on television, and written about in newspaper and is
Uncomfortable in the school’s small van, it seemed to last forever for us to make the
four-hour journey to our game.
(A) Uncomfortable in the school’s small van, it seemed to last forever for us to make the
four-hour journey to our game.
(B) Uncomfortable for four hours in the school’s small van, the journey to our game seemed to
last forever.
(C) Uncomfortable in the school’s small van, the four-hour journey to our game seeming to last
forever.
(D) Because we were uncomfortable in the school’s small van, the four-hour journey to our game
seemed to last forever.
(E) Because of us being uncomfortable in the school’s small van for almost four hours, the
journey to our game seems to last forever.
4.
5.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
6.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
7.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
8.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Although Felicia’s paintings are renowned for their intense beauty, some critics complain of
how they lack from variety because they are essentially variations of the same forms and
color patterns.
of how they lack from
about them lacking from
about them having lacked
that they were lacking
that they lack
Those who work late-night shifts find that taking a nap before the shift begins can
dramatically increase alertness.
taking a nap
when naps are taken
if they take naps
if you take a nap
by taking a nap
-296After the most popular surfboard designer in the United States retires, many surfers were
convinced of having no alternative but to ride boards of inferior design.
retires, many surfers were convinced of having
retiring, many surfers are convinced that they would have
retired, many surfers are convinced that they would have
retired, many surfers were convinced that they would have
retired, many surfers were convinced of having
From 1988 to 1995, Bonnie Blair thrilled the world with her dynamic speed skating and
capturing more Winter Olympic medals than any other United States woman in Olympic
history.
speed skating and capturing more
speed skating, which captured more
speed skating, she captured the most
speed skating and captured more
speed skating and captured the most
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9.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Oscar Micheaux differed from most other African American silent-film directors in his films
they boldly tackled many controversial subjects of the day.
directors in his films they
directors, in his films he
directors; in his films which
directors in that his films
directors, films of his
10. The first Mexican to receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, demonstrating the threat of certain
gases to Earth’s ozone layer earned Mario Molina this award.
(A) The first Mexican to receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, demonstrating the threat of certain
gases to Earth’s ozone layer earned Mario Molina this award.
(B) The first Mexican to receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Mario Molina earned this award
by demonstrating the threat of certain gases to Earth’s ozone layer.
(C) Mario Molina, the first Mexican to receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, demonstrated the
threat of certain gases to Earth’s ozone layer, which is how he earned this award.
(D) Mario Molina received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, the first Mexican to do it, and he earns
this award with demonstrating the threat of certain gases to Earth’s ozone layer.
(E) Mario Molina was the first Mexican to receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, he earned this
award by demonstrating the threat of certain gases to Earth’s ozone layer.
11. Sam’s photographs of the national forest express a deep interest and a respect for the beauty
of nature.
(A) express a deep interest
(B) expresses a deep interest
(C) express a deep interest in
(D) expresses a deep interest in
(E) that express a deep interest
12. The process known as (A) thermal conversion is (B) advantageous because it (C) not only
breaks down plastic waste and also converts (D) it into oil. No error (E)
13. The lecture we were required (A) to attend was delivered so poor (B) that it seemed to go on
(C) not just for one (D) hour, but for several. No error (E)
14. Across (A) the planet’s apparently (B) smooth surface run (C) a faint pattern that reminds one
of cracks (D) in an eggshell. No error (E)
15. Visitors are quick to notice (A) that the main building of the critically acclaimed (B) Denver
Art Museum consisting (C) of geometric, titanium-clad projections that resemble (D) Rocky
Mountain peaks. No error (E)
16. Thomas Edison tries (A) to gain access to (B) the inventions of Granville T Woods by
offering (C) him a prominent position in his company, but Woods, preferring (D) his
independence, declined. No error (E)
17. The oldest (A) examples of alphabetic writing discovered so far are (B) almost 4,000 years
old, but, because they are (C) written in an obscure alphabet, it (D) cannot be translated
completely. No error (E)
18. The city of Conway (A), Wales, now surrounds (B) the medieval walls and castle that
originally enclosed (C) and protected it (D). No error (E)
19. A brand name first appeared (A) on the outside of clothing in 1936, where (B) the Levi
Strauss company began stitching (C) small red labels bearing (D) its name onto the back
pockets of its jeans. No error (E)
20. Ants, butterflies, and bees first appeared (A) during the Cretaceous period, the more recent
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(B) of the three geologic periods during which (C) dinosaurs lived (D). No error (E)
21. Exquisitely (A) fashioned gold objects unearthed in (B) southeast England suggests (C) that
the early Anglo-Saxons were not (D) the crude barbarians of legend. No error (E)
22. In the course of writing (A) autobiographical sketches, several club members now in their
eighties (B) are recording childhood memories and describing (C) how people lived long ago
(D). No error (E)
23. The bald eagle was once (A) teetering on the brink of extinction, but they have (B)
rebounded dramatically (C) in the past (D) three decades. No error (E)
24. Most climatologists agree that (A) global warming is caused from (B) greenhouse gases that
are continually being released into (D) Earth’s atmosphere. No error (E)
25. Caricature in art and literature involve (A) portrayals that exaggerate (B) and distort
prominent characteristics of people or things so as to make (C) the subjects seem (D)
ridiculous. No error (E)
26. In the novels she (A) wrote for teenagers, Mary Stolz often concentrated on the attempts of
(B) young protagonists to come to (C) terms with his or her (D) turbulent family lives. No
error (E)
27. Within a few weeks of leaving (A) home, I was working (B) in New York City, where the
buildings were taller, the voices louder (C), and the opportunities greater than Montreal (D).
No error (E)
28. For years historians claimed that pasta was introduced (A) to Europe around (B) 1295;
however (C), archaeologists have uncovered what appears to be (D) pasta-making devices
that date back even earlier. No error (E)
29. Endowed with (A) powerful bodies, large claws, and piercing (B) teeth, mountain lions are
one of (C) the most formidable wild creatures native to (D) North American. No error (E)
(1) It is well known that parrots can imitate human speech. (2) But can parrots really
communicate through language like they do? (3) In other words, do parrots really understand
what they hear and say? (4) Based on her having observed a parrot named Alex, Dr. Irene
Pepperberg, an animal intelligence researcher, has concluded that parrots really do have
powers of human speech. (5) She found that, with some training, Alex was able not only to
acquire a large vocabulary but also to use it intelligently. (6) In tests, Alex demonstrated
the
-298ability to distinguish more than a hundred objects of various colors, shapes, and textures. (7)
To be precise, whenever they showed him a green wooden square and asked, “What color?”
“What shape?” and “What matter?” Alex answered each question correctly. (8) It suggests, to
Pepperberg at least, that Alex actually reasons with words.
(9) Some animal intelligence researchers argue that Alex’s abilities are merely the result
of classical conditioning, a technique made famous by Ivan Pavlov, who used it to train dogs
to salivate at the sound of a bell. (10) But their argument is unconvincing. (11) Others point
out that working intensively with just one animal is unreliable because it incurs the risk of the
so-called Clever Hans effect. (12) Clever Hans was a horse that was said to be able to count
but was really only responding to his owner’s involuntary body language. (13) It is unlikely,
though, that Alex benefited from this effect. (14) For instance, the questions were randomly
selected and spontaneously reworded by the various researchers who presented them to Alex.
30. In context, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 2 (reproduced
below)?
But can parrots really communicate through language like they do?
(A) (as it is now)
(B) like them
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(C) as they can do
(D) the way humans can
(E) as a human
31. In context, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 4 (reproduced
below)?
Based on her having observed a parrot name Alex, Dr. Irene Pepperberg, an animal
intelligence researcher, has concluded that parrots really do have powers of human speech.
(A) (as it is now)
(B) Due to such observations on
(C) From her observations of
(D) In order to observe
(E) Thus, by observing
32. In context, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 7 (reproduced
below)?
To be precise, whenever they showed him a green wooden square and asked “What color?”
“What shape?” and “What matter?” Alex answered each question correctly.
(A) (as it is now)
(B) If they showed him a green wooden square, however,
(C) Likewise, every time he was shown a green wooden square
(D) When shown a green wooden square, for instance,
(E) Even though he was shown a green wooden square
33. In context, which of the following phrases would most effectively replace the word “It” in
sentence 8 (reproduced below)?
It suggests, to Pepperberg at least, that Alex actually reasons with words.
(A) The complexity of the questions
(B) The accuracy of the responses
(C) The variety of objects tested
(D) Recent research
(E) Common sense
34. In context, which of the following would best be placed immediately after sentence 10?
(A) A comparison of Pepperberg’s credentials with those of Ivan Pavlov
(B) A description of the differing ways in which dogs and parrots produce sounds
(C) A precise definition of the term “intelligence”
(D) A list of the words that Alex learned to speak
(E) An explanation of how Alex’s language training differed from classical conditioning
35. Where is the best place to insert the following sentence?
Great pains were taken to ensure that Alex received no unintended cues from Dr. Pepperberg
or her research assistants.
(A) Immediately after sentence 4
(B) Immediately after sentence 6
(C) Immediately after sentence 7
(D) Immediately after sentence 9
(E) Immediately after sentence 13
Section 10
1. Calvin was surprised by discovering that although his sister had never played chess before,
she could beat him without much effort.
(A) by discovering that although
(B) to discover that although
(C) by the discovery that whether
(D) with his discovery that until
(E) when he discovers that as
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2.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Jacqueline was weak ever since she came down with the flu three weeks ago.
Jacqueline was weak ever since she came down
Jacqueline is weak ever since she came
Jacqueline, weak ever since coming
Jacqueline is weak, this has been since coming
Jacqueline has been weak ever since she came
3.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
By definition, an isosceles triangle is when a triangle has two sides of equal length.
when a triangle
if the triangle
one where it
one of those which
a triangle that
4.
Postponing it because of stormy weather, the D-Day invasion of France began at 6:30 A.M.
on June 6, 1944.
Postponing it because of stormy weather,
It being postponed due to stormy weather,
Having been postponed because of stormy weather,
Stormy weather had postponed it, because of this
Due to stormy weather postponing it,
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
5.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
6.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
7.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
8.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
9.
Melville Herskovits’ research on the preservation of African cultures in America contradicted
the work of E. Franklin Frazier, who postulated that conditions in America caused enslaved
Africans into their developing an entirely new culture.
America caused enslaved Africans into their developing
America caused enslaved Africans to develop
America, so caused enslaved Africans to develop
America, they caused enslaved Africans developing
America, which caused enslaved Africans to develop
Sometimes in Colorado it snows heavily in the mountains whereas remaining sunny, warm,
and dry on the plains.
mountains whereas remaining sunny, warm, and dry on the plains
mountains while the plains remain sunny, warm, and dry
mountains, the plains remain sunny, warm, and dry
mountains, it remains sunny, warm, and dry on the plains
mountains, but remained sunny, warm and dry in the plains
-300Group discussions will be held each afternoon on such topics as education, public policy, to
communicate clearly, and cultural diversity.
topics as education, public policy, to communicate clearly
topics, which are education, public policy, to communicate clearly
topics; education, public policy, clear communication
a topic as education, public policy, to communicate clearly
topics as education, public policy, clear communication
Nylon, created wholly out of inorganic chemicals, was the world’s first truly synthetic fiber
when it was introduced in 1938.
created wholly out of
wholly created through using
it was created wholly from
which has been created wholly by
out of which it was created from
In the event that the survey results confirm our assumptions that we made, there will be a
change implemented by us in our advertising.
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睿途教育
(A) In the event that the survey results confirm our assumptions that we made, there will be a
change implemented by us in our advertising.
(B) When the event occurs that the survey results confirm our assumptions, there will be
advertising changes implemented.
(C) Having the survey results confirm our assumptions will lead to advertising changes by us.
(D) To have the survey results confirming our assumptions, we will change our advertising
because of it.
(E) If the survey results confirm our assumptions, we will change our advertising.
10. Swimmer Mark Spitz was the most decorated athlete of the 1972 Summer Olympic Games,
he won seven gold medals.
(A) Games, he won seven gold medals
(B) Games, winning seven gold medals
(C) Games by winning seven gold medals
(D) Games; therefore, he won seven gold medals
(E) Games; seven gold medals were won by him
11. A pioneer in the nursing field, Florence Nightingale’s insistence on sanitary conditions in
hospitals increased patients’ survival rates considerably.
(A) Florence Nightingale’s insistence on sanitary conditions in hospitals
(B) Florence Nightingale’s insistence on sanitary conditions in hospitals, which
(C) Florence Nightingale insisted on sanitary conditions in hospitals and thereby
(D) by insisting on sanitary conditions in hospitals is how Florence Nightingale
(E) the sanitary conditions in hospitals that Florence Nightingale insisted on
12. Perched atop a sandstone mesa, Acoma Pueblo is the oldest inhabited community in North
America, currently a population of about fifteen families.
(A) America, currently a population of
(B) America, and its population currently
(C) America, currently its population is
(D) America, whose current population is
(E) America and currently has a population of
13. After college Susan King founded a publishing company but eventually reduced her role in
the firm to pursue her interests in storytelling and art by creating her own books.
(A) company but eventually reduced
(B) company but eventually reducing
(C) company, and eventually reducing
(D) company, she eventually reduced
(E) company, however, she eventually reduced
14. Were they to be told the purpose of the study, the participants might find it difficult to answer
the questions spontaneously.
(A) Were they to be told
(B) If they would have been told
(C) With it being told them
(D) Telling them
(E) By telling them
答案：
1.B 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.E
12.D 13.B 14.C 15.C
21.C 22.E 23.B 24.B
30.D 31.C 32.D 33.B
www.oneplusone.cn
6.A
16.A
25.A
34.E
7.D 8.D 9.D 10.B 11.C
17.D 18.E 19.B 20.B
26.D 27.D 28.D 29.C
35.E
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睿途教育
1.B 2.E 3.E 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.E 8.A 9.E
11.C 12.E 13.A 14.A
SET1. 老 OG.1
1-5 EECDC 6-10ADADE 11-15BCCBB
31-35DABDE
1-5DEECA 6-10BBEAC 11-14DBCD
10.B
16-20CBDBA 21-25BDCBE 26-30CECAD
SET2. OG.4
1-5 EBBED 6-10 CAEEC 11-15CCEBD 16-20 DEAED
31-35 BEECE
1-5 BBABD 6-10 EEADB 11-14 CDCD
SET3. OG.5
1-5 CDCED 6-10 DACED 11-15 BABAD
31-35 ADEBC
1-5 BCEEE 6-10 CEADD 11-14 ABAE
16-20 ADDBC
21-25 BBEAA 26-30 BBCBD
21-25 BBEDC 26-30 BDAEA
SET4. OG.6
1-5 DCBBC 6-10 DDEAD 11-15 ADEDC 16-20 ECBAB 21-25 CBEAC 26-30 CADAB
31-35 EDBBA
1-5 EBDBD 6-10 ABEBC 11-14 EDDE
SET5. OG.7
1-5 BECBC 6-10 CCDCA 11-15 EBDAD
31-35 ACDEE
1-5 BBCDB 6-10 BADBE 11-14 EAED
SET6. OG.8
1-5 DCDBB 6-10 BABEA 11-15 ECAED
31-35 DCBAD
1-5 BDBEA 6-10 CEDBD 11-14 AEAC
SET7. OG.9
1-5 BBDDE 6-10 EADBA 11-15 ECCBB
31-35 DDABB
1-5 BADDD 6-10 CBCDD 11-14 CABD
16-20 EECAC
21-25 CCCEB 26-30 ABDEB
16-20 CABDC 21-25 CECAA 26-30 DAEDD
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16-20 EEBBA 21-25 BCAAB 26-30 CDAEA
SET8. OG.10
1-5 CDADE 6-10 DBCCB 11-15 DBBED 16-20 ADDCA 21-25 AAEDA 26-30 CEAEC
31-35 DDBED
1-5 BABAE 6-10 EDACA 11-14 EDEA
SET9. 2005.3
1-5 DEEEB 6-10 ABDCC 11-15 CADBB 16-20 ACCEA 21-25 EDDAB 26-30 CDAEC
31-35 EAEAC
1-5 CDDDC 6-10 ACBAD 11-14 EBCD
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睿途教育
SET10. 2005.10
1-5 ADDAC 6-10 CBEDE 11-15 ABECB
31-35 DEBAA
1-5 CCACE 6-10 DEEDC 11-14 ECBB
16-20 CC/DE 21-25 EAEDC 26-30 DDDDA
SET11. 2006.1
1-5 DCAEC 6-10 BECAE 11-15 CBECC 16-20 ECBEA 21-25 CBBAC 26-30 BBCBB
31-35 EDACE
1-5 CCACB 6-10 BEDAD 11-14 ACEE
303
SET12. 2006.5
1-5 BDADA 6-10 DCEDC 11-15 CAECD 16-20 ADACE
31-35 AAAEB
1-5 BEBEC 6-10 BBEED 11-14 CACD
SET13. 2006.10. (OG1)
1-5 CCBCE 6-10 ADAEC 11-15 ECEAC 16-20 DCACE
31-35 CECDB
1-5 DCBEC 6-10 EDEEA 11-14 DDCE
SET14. 2007.1. (OG2)
1-5 DECCB 6-10 CCADA 11-15 ABDCB 16-20 CDCEB
31-35 CCAEB
1-5 BCCBE 6-10 EADAB 11-14 DEAC
SET15. 2007.5. (OG3)
1-5 BBABD 6-10 CEDDA 11-15 BDDAA 16-20 DCEBC
31-35 BDACE
1-5 ABCDC 6-10 DBCEB 11-14 AEEA
SET16. 2007.10
1-5 DEBEA 6-10 ABAEE 11-15 CBCED 16-20 BCDDD
31-35 DBCBE
1-5 EDBBB 6-10 CCCEB 11-14 CBCC
SET17. 2008.1
1-5 ECDBA 6-10 DDEDB 11-15 DCBCA 16-20 CACED
31-35 ABBBA
1-5 CDCEE 6-10 CACAB 11-14 DECB
21-25 DECBD 26-30 ABAEC
21-25 BECEC 26-30 DEDDC
21-25 CDAEC 26-30 DECEE
21-25 DABAD
26-30 BCEDE
21-25 BCEDC 26-30 AEDCB
21-25 EBEBE 26-30 DEAED
SET18. 2008.5
1-5 CBADC 6-10 CACBD 11-15 EBCBD 16-20 DCBDA 21-25 EAABC 26-30 DEDDB
31-35 CADBE
1-5 DABDA 6-10 ECDAB 11-14 DDCC
SET19. 2008.10
1-5 CBBED 6-10 EDADC 11-15 CBBCA 16-20 EADED
31-35 CADCE
www.oneplusone.cn
21-25 EBADE 26-30 DDADD
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睿途教育
1-5 CABCA 6-10 DBEEA 11-14 CEBC
SET20. 2009.1
1-5 EEABA 6-10 BCCEA 11-15 CBDDA 16-20 DADDD
31-35 BDCAE
1-5 CEBAB 6-10 DDEAC 11-14 BADA
SET21. 2009.5
1-5 DCBCA 6-10 DABEC 11-15 DDBDD
31-35 AABDC
1-5 DABDD 6-10 ACCBD 11-14 CADE
SET22. 2009.10
1-5 BABDB 6-10 CCADA 11-15 CCDAC
31-35 BCACE
1-5 CCDBE 6-10 ACACD 11-14 BCAD
SET23. 2010.1
1-5 EEDDA 6-10 DBADE 11-15 CCDCC
31-35 ECDCD
1-5 ABBEA 6-10 EBDED 11-14 DCDE
21-25 BACCC
16-20 ECBCE 21-25 CDEAD 26-30 AACDC
16-20 DCEAD
21-25 ECEAB 26-30 ADCCD
16-20 BEBED 21-25 EBACD 26-30 CDCCE
SET24. 2010.5
1-5 ECEAB 6-10 EAEBC 11-15 ADDBB 16-20 BDABA 21-25 DADDD
31-35 ACCBD
1-5 CBEAB 6-10 CABAC 11-14 CDDD
SET25. 2010.10
1-5 BACCB 6-10 EAEDA 11-15 CBBAC 16-20 DBCCE
31-35 DBEDB
1-5 CBCBD 6-10 ADAEA 11-14 DCED
SET26. 2011.1
1-5 DECDD 6-10 ACAEA 11-15 DDDAA 16-20 BAEBE
31-35 DEBED
1-5 DDDCD 6-10 BAECD 11-14 ECBE
SET27. 2011.5
1-5 BACEC 6-10 ACCDE 11-15 DADCD
31-35 BBECB
1-5 BCECC 6-10 DDCBC 11-14 ADAD
SET28. 2011.10
1-5 CBACE 6-10 CCEEB 11-15 CCEDB
31-35 EAABD
1-5 BCDAE 6-10 BDDCD 11-14 AEAE
SET31. 2012.10
26-30 CEDCD
21-25 DDDCC 26-30 BCCDC
21-25 ADAED 26-30 ACAAB
16-20 EDECC
21-25 CBECD 26-30 BCAAE
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16-20 EDAEC
21-25 DDCDA 26-30 ECABC
SET29. 2012.1
1-5 BCAEB 6-10 BEDDE 11-15 DDCCD 16-20 AEBBE
31-35 ABBDB
1-5 BCBCB 6-10 DEBAE 11-14 CCCA
SET30. 2012.5
1-5 DCADC 6-10 ABADC 11-15 DBDAD
31-35 BEBCC
1-5 CDAED 6-10 BEBCE 11-14 BBDB
26-30 ECADA
21-25 CDEDE 26-30 DAEAC
16-20 CBAEC 21-25 BBBEC 26-30 CCECC
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睿途教育
1-5 BEAEB 6-10 DBBAE 11-15 EDBBD 16-20 DADEB
31-35 DEECC
1-5 BADAE 6-10 DECBA 11-14 CBDE
SET32. 2013.1
1-5 DBACB 6-10 ECBAB 11-15 CCBAE
31-35 CBCEA
1-5 DCCDA 6-10 DBBDE 11-14 EABB
21-25 ADDEA 26-30 CDDAE
16-20 BDCEA 21-25 DCBDE 26-30 DCCBD
SET33. OC.1
1-5 BBBAD 6-10 BDACC 11-15 EADEA 16-20 EBBBA 21-25 CDBAE 26-30 DDACE
31-35 ECCBB
1-5 CDEBB 6-10 ABDDE 11-14 DEAD
SET34. OC.2
1-5 DCBEC 6-10 AEAEA 11-15 CCEDB 16-20 ABBBE
31-35 EBDEC
1-5 ABBEC 6-10 BCDDE 11-14 BADD
SET35. OC.3
1-5 DCBEB 6-10 EECDA 11-15 ACAAC
31-35 BDDBD
1-5 DACDB 6-10 CBACB 11-14 CBCC
SET36. OC.4
1-5 CBEDB 6-10 DDEEC 11-15 EDDCE
31-35 CBAAC
1-5 EEDCB 6-10 EDDBE 11-14 CDAE
SET37. OC.5
1-5 DEDCC 6-10 BEDEA 11-15 DBBCC
31-35 DECAA
1-5 EDCCC 6-10 ADDAE 11-14 CCDD
SET38. OC.6
1-5 BDCBE 6-10 BBDCA 11-15 CBBCB
31-35 EABCE
1-5 DBBCE 6-10 DCCBA 11-14 DEEE
21-25 DDEBE 26-30 AACBD
16-20 CBABB 21-25 CDDDE 26-30 CCADB
16-20 BDCBB
21-25 BCBCE 26-30 DCBEB
16-20 CEACD
21-25 BCCBC 26-30 ACEAC
16-20 BCEBB 21-25 ECDBE 26-30 ACBBD
SET39. 2007.5 (SUNDAY)
1-5 CDCCE 6-10 EEDAB 11-15 ACDBE 16-20 BCABE 21-25 BDAAB 26-30 CCEEC
31-35 BEADD
1-5 CBBEC 6-10 ACEAE 11-14 ABED
SET40. 2008.5 (SUNDAY)
1-5 BECEE 6-10 BABCA 11-15 CACDE
31-35 CEDDA
1-5 DCACC 6-10 ADCBB 11-14 DADC
SET41. 2009.5 (SUNDAY)
1-5 EADCA 6-10 CBECE 11-15 EDABD
31-35 BBDAD
1-5 CCCED 6-10 EDADC 11-14 CBDA
SET42. 2010.5 (SUNDAY)
1-5 CCEDA 6-10 DEAEC 11-15 EABCB
31-35 ACDED
1-5 BBCEC 6-10 CACAC 11-14 BEEA
www.oneplusone.cn
16-20 CECAD
21-25 ACDCC 26-30 EBBAB
16-20 ADBDE
21-25 CEABE 26-30 DEAAA
16-20 BDABB 21-25 EBDCB 26-30 BDDDE
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睿途教育
SET43. 2011.5 (SUNDAY)
1-5 DABBE 6-10 EDDCB 11-15 ECBDB 16-20 AEBDC
31-35 ADCBD
1-5 BBCDE 6-10 ABCDC 11-14 ABAB
SET44. 2012.5 (SUNDAY)
1-5 BBADE 6-10 ADDDB 11-15 CDBCC
31-35 CDBEE
1-5 BEECB 6-10 BEAEB 11-14 CEAA
16-20 ADEBB
21-25 ADEDE 26-30 DAADC
21-25 CEBBA 26-30 DDDCD
306
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