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Marine Ecology Analysis of Data recorded Activity 4 Exercise 1 Zoologists and botanists use specialised keys to identify specimens of fauna and flora to species level. Use the field keys provided to confirm identification of specimens to species level for: a green seaweed two types of brown seaweed two types of red seaweed a crustacean a bivalve mollusc two types of gastropod mollusc a bryozoan Exercise 2 A group of marine scientists conducted a survey of intertidal seaweeds on a rocky shore. They surveyed the shore using 5 transects. For each transect they used 3 quadrats to sample the upper shore, 3 quadrats to sample the middle shore and 3 quadrats to sample the lower shore. The scientists then calculated the mean percentage cover for each seaweed relative to each shore zone. They then prepared kite diagrams and histograms of their results. (a) The data sampled for Spiral Wrack in Transect 1 of the scientists’ survey is given below. Calculate the mean percentage cover of the Wrack for each shore zone, ie. for the upper, middle and lower shores. Transect 1 Lower shore Spiral wrack Quadrat 1 Quadrat 2 Quadrat 3 0 0 0 Middle shore Upper shore 20 15 17 50 30 60 If you have gathered you own data on the shore then us this data to calculate the mean percentage cover of a seaweed for each shore zone Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning EU Network of Excellence Sustainable development, global change and ecosystems GOCE-CT-2003-505446 Marine Ecology Analysis of Data recorded Activity 4 Exercise 2 (b) The mean percentage cover of the main seaweed species sampled by the scientists for each shore zone is given below. Prepare a kite diagram, demonstrating the distribution, abundance and zonation of the algae on the seashore. Transect 1 _____________________________________________________________________ Seaweed species Lower shore Middle shore Upper shore _____________________________________________________________________ Gutweed (Enteromorpha sp.) Sea lettuce (Ulva sp.) Channelled wrack (Pelvetia canaliculata) Spiral wrack (Fucus spiralis) Bladder wrack (Fucus vesiculosus) Egg wrack (Ascophyllum nodosum) Saw wrack (Fucus serratus) Kelp (Laminaria digitata) Dillisk (Palmaria palmata) Irish Moss (Chondrus crispus) 0 0 30 0 5 10 0 0 40 0 17 47 5 10 0 0 20 0 20 10 0 30 0 0 10 0 0 20 0 0 ________________________________________________________________ An example of a kite diagram for 3 species along the shore (A quadrat was sampled here every 0.5m drop in height) Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning EU Network of Excellence Sustainable development, global change and ecosystems GOCE-CT-2003-505446 Marine Ecology Analysis of Data recorded Activity 4 Exercise 3 Prepare a histogram depicting mean percentage cover for each seaweed sampled on the lower shore. Exercise 4 Prepare a poster on marine intertidal biodiversity. The poster should contain examples of fauna and flora that you observed on the rocky shore in your locality. Consider the following in your display: (a) How organisms are adapted to life on the rocky shore, eg. why does the channelled wrack have channels on its fronds? Why does the bladder wrack have bladders (or air sacs)? Why can’t we see the sea anemone’s tentacles when it is out of the water? (b) How adaptations affect distribution and zonation of species on the shore, eg. why do red seaweeds live on the lower shore rather than the upper shore? Use the kite diagrams and histograms from Exercise 2 and 3 to demonstrate how zonation on the seashore can be studied using an intertidal survey. (c) How organisms are affected by abiotic factors on the rocky shore? eg. Why were there more brown wrack seaweeds on the sheltered shore? Think about the differences in abiotic factors experienced by animal and plant communities between exposed and sheltered shores. Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning EU Network of Excellence Sustainable development, global change and ecosystems GOCE-CT-2003-505446