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Name ____________________________ Class __________________ Date _______________ Section 7-1 Life Is Cellular (pages 169-173) Key Concepts • What is the cell theory? • What are the characteristics of prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Introduction (page 169) 1. What is the structure that makes up every living thing? ______________________________ The Discovery of the Cell (pages 169-170) 2. What was Anton van Leeuwenhoek one of the first to see in the 1600s? _________________ 3. What did a thin slice of cork seem like to Robert Hooke when he observed it through a microscope? ________________________________________________________ 4. What did the German botanist Matthias Schleiden conclude? _________________________ 5. What did the German biologist Theodor Schwann conclude? _________________________ 6. How did Rudolph Virchow summarize his years of work? ____________________________ 7. What are the three concepts that make up the cell theory? a. _________________________________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________________________________ c. _________________________________________________________________________ Exploring the Cell (pages 170-172) 8. Why are electron microscopes capable of revealing details much smaller than those seen through light microscopes? ________________________________________________ © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 19 Name ____________________________ Class __________________ Date _______________ Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (pages 172-173) 9. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about prokaryotes. a. They grow and reproduce. b. Many are large, multicellular organisms. c. They are more complex than cells of eukaryotes. d. They have cell membranes and cytoplasm. 10. Are all eukaryotes large, multicellular organisms? _________________________________ 11. Complete the table about the two categories of cells. TWO CATEGORIES OF CELLS Category Definition Examples Organisms whose cells lack nuclei © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 20 Name _________________________ Class ________________ Date _____________ Section 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure (pages 174-181) Key Concept • What are the functions of the major cell structures? Comparing a Cell to a Factory (page 174) 1. What is an organelle? 2. COLOR and LABEL the structures on the illustrations of the plant and animal cells. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 21 3. Circle the letter of each structure that animal cells contain. a. chloroplasts b. lysosomes c. mitochondria d. ER 4. Circle the letter of each structure that plant cells contain. a. cell wall b. ER c. lysosomes d. chloroplast Nucleus (page 176) 5. What is the function of the nucleus?______________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What important molecules does the nucleus contain?________________________ 7. The granular material visible within the nucleus is called 8. What does chromatin consist of?_________________________________________ 9. What are chromosomes?______________________________________________ 10. Most nuclei contain a small, dense region known as the 11. What occurs in the nucleolus?_________________________________________ 12. What is the nuclear envelope?___________________________________________ Ribosomes (page 177) 13. What are ribosomes?_________________________________________________ Endoplasmic Reticulum (pages 177-178) 14. What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?____________________ Golgi Apparatus (page 178) 15. Using the cell as a factory analogy, describe the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell. Lysosomes (page 179) 16. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about lysosomes. a. They contain enzymes that help synthesize lipids. b. They break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness. c. They produce proteins that are modified by the ER. d. They contain enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. Vacuoles (page 179) 17. What are vacuoles?__________________________________________________ 18. What is the role of the central vacuole in plants?____________________________ 19. How does the contractile vacuole in a paramecium help maintain homeostasis? Mitochondria and Chloroplasts (pages 179-180) 20. Is the following sentence true or false? Both chloroplasts and mitochondria are enclosed by two membranes. 21. Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own genetic information in the form of Name ________________________ Class ________________ Date _____________ 22. What are mitochondria?_______________________________________________ 23. Are mitochondria found in plant cells, animal cells, or both?____________________ 24. Where are chloroplasts found?___________________________________________ 25. Biologist Lynn Margulis has suggested that mitochondria and chloroplasts are descendants of what kind of organisms?___________________________________ Cytoskeleton (page 181) 26. What is the cytoskeleton?_______________________________________________ 27. Complete the table about structures that make up the cytoskeleton. STRUCTURES OF THE CYTOSKELETON Structure Description Functions Maintain cell shape, help build cilia and flagella, form centrioles in cell division Support the cell, help cells move Match the organelle with its description. Organelle _____ 28. Ribosome _____ 29. Endoplasmic reticulum _____ 30. Golgi apparatus _____ 31. Lysosome _____ 32. Vacuole _____ 33. Chloroplast _____ 34. Mitochondrion Description a. Uses energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food b. Stack of membranes in which enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins c. Uses energy from food to make highenergy compounds d. An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed e. Saclike structure that stores materials f. Small particle of RNA and protein that produces protein following instructions from nucleus g. Filled with enzymes used to break down food into particles that can be used Section 7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life (pages 190-193) Key Concepts • What is cell specialization? • What are the four levels of organization in multicellular organisms? Unicellular Organisms (page 190) 1. A single-celled organism is also called a(an) organism. Multicellular Organisms (pages 190-192) 2. What is cell specialization in a multicellular organism?_________________________ 3. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about cell specialization. a. Specialized cells perform particular functions within the organism. b. Only unicellular organisms have specialized cells. c. The human body contains many different cell types. d. Some cells are specialized to enable movement. Levels of Organization (pages 192-193) 4. What are four levels of organization in a multicellular organism? a. b. c. d. 5. What is a tissue?_____________________________________________________ 6. What are the four main types of tissue in most animals? a. b. c. d. 7. Groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function are called a(an) 8. What kinds of tissues can be found within a muscle in your body?_______________ 9. What is an organ system?_______________________________________________ Vocabulary Review Completion Use the words below to fill in the blanks with terms from the chapter. cell cell wall chromosome cytoplasm mitochondrion prokaryote 1. The basic unit of life is the 2. A is a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus. 3. The support structure found outside the cell membrane is the 4. A is the threadlike nuclear structure that contains genetic information. 5. An organelle that releases energy from food molecules is a 6. The material inside the cell membrane that surrounds the nucleus is the Completion Use the words below to fill in the blanks with terms from the chapter. nucleus organ osmosis ribosome tissue 7. The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is 8. A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function is called a(an) 9. Proteins are made on a(an) 10. A group of tissues that work together to perform a similar function is called a(an) 11. The is the structure in eukaryotic cells that controls cell activities and contains genetic material.