Download STAAR Review-Cells and Kingdoms

STAAR Review—CELLS & KINGDOMS—CATEGORY 4
 The Cell Theory states that:
 All living things are composed of cells.
 The cell is the basic unit of life.
 Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
 key Terms:
 Prokaryotic: Cells that lack a nucleus
 Eukaryotic: Cells that contain a nucleus
 Autotrophs: Organisms that capture and store energy from the sun to
produce their own food; also called producers.
 Heterotrophs: Organisms that obtain their energy from the food they
consume; also called consumers.
 Unicellular: Composed of a single cell
 Multicellular: Composed of many cells
 Asexual reproduction: Production of new organisms from one parent
 Sexual reproduction: Production of new organisms from two parents
 Two Key Types of Cells (Animal and Plant):
Much bigger in plant cells!
 Key Reminders:
 Plant cell diagrams are generally rectangular in shape, while animal cell
diagrams are more circular.
 Key differences between plant cells and animal cells:
 Plant cells have chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll.
 Plants contain cell walls.
 A plant cell vacuole is much larger than vacuoles in animal cells.
 Organisms can be classified into one of 6 Kingdoms:
 Animalia: Multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotroph, mainly sexual
reproduction
 Plantae: Multicellular, eukaryotic, autotroph, asexual or sexual
reproduction; Cell wall of cellulose
 Fungi: Multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotroph, asexual or sexual
reproduction; Cell wall of chitin; Examples include mold and fungus
 Protista: Unicellular, eukaryotic, autotroph or heterotroph; asexual or
sexual reproduction; Found in moist or wet areas like ponds; Cells walls
made of cellulose; Examples include algae, paramecium, amoeba, euglena
 Archae: Unicellular, prokaryotic, autotroph or heterotroph, asexual
reproduction; Live in extreme conditions
 Bacteria: Unicellular, prokaryotic, autotroph or heterotroph, asexual
reproduction; Examples include E.coli and strep