Download Start of the Civil War

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Election of 1860
Secession
Fort Sumter
Mason-Dixon Line
North vs. South
First Modern War
Antietam
Emancipation Proclamation
African Americans
Civil War Draft
Gettysburg
Total War
End of War
 Divided
Democratic Party
 Stephen Douglas (North)
 John C. Breckinridge (South)
 Republicans chose Abraham Lincoln
 Fan of “Popular Sovereignty”
 Election Results
 Lincoln won with less than 40% of popular
vote
 No southern states elected him President!
 11
southern states “seceded”
 South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida,
Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia,
Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina
 Created “Confederate States of America”
 President = Jefferson Davis
 General = Robert E. Lee
 Union
Naval Fort in South Carolina
 Confederate attacked on April 12, 1861
 Official start of the Civil War
 Lincoln called for 7,500 volunteers (90 days)
 Caused more states to secede
 “There can
be no neutrals in this war, only
patriots—or traitors” – Stephen Douglas
 Geopolitical
line of North vs. South
 4 slave states remained in the Union
 Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky*, & Missouri
 Lincoln forced Maryland to stay due to D.C.
 Union
goals could not center on slavery
 Focus = patriotism/save the Union
 Confederate goals = “sovereignty”
 Keep slavery
 North’s
advantages
 Bigger population = more soldiers and SAILORS
 Industrialization = more factories & railroads
 Plan = “Anaconda Plan”
 Control all ports, stop all imports/exports
 Control the Mississippi
 South’s
advantage = citizen support
 Thought military capabilities better
 Plan = “Cotton Diplomacy”
 Cotton could get foreign help (France/England)
 Embargoed cotton to force recognition
 Backfired against South – Europe looked
elsewhere
 Why
was the war so deadly?
 New weapons and old tactics
 Better accuracy & shrapnel
 Huge # of dead
 New Technology Used
 Balloons
 Telegraph
 Railroads
 Ironclads
 South’s
first attempt north, 1862
 Huge casualty toll - ~23,000 in 12 hours
 Lee’s army had to return south
 2 big results
1. South not recognized
2. Lincoln given a desperately needed win
 Lincoln
decided to use Constitutional power
 End slavery = end South’s labor source
 January

1, 1863 = Emancipation Proclamation
Freed slaves in rebellion states
 British
began to support the Union
 Fighting
in the Union
 180,000 African Americans served
 200 Battles, 38,000 Casualties
 54th Massachusetts Infantry (Glory)
 Union
draft started in 1863
 Could buy a substitute ~$300
 Anti-draft riots started
 Lincoln’s response suspended “Habeas Corpus”
 Arrested and jailed without trials
 Lee
decided to attack the North by 1863
 Armies met at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
 Confederates = 75,000 soldiers
 Union = 88,000 soldiers
 On 3rd day, Confederates attacked
 “Picket’s Charge” = ~7,000 injured/killed in ½ hour!
 Terrible experience for both sides
 Confederacy lost +28,000 (4,500+ killed)
 Union lost +23,000 (3,100 killed)
 After
3 days, Confederates retreated
 Importance of
battle?
1.
Lee lost 1/3 of his military
2.
Confederacy never attacked the North again
3.
Republican party strengthened
4.
Gettysburg Address
 Speech framed the purpose of war
 Famous
Union Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman
 Captured Atlanta, GA (August 1864)
 Over 1/3 of city burnt down
 “March to the Sea” began Nov. ‘64
 Attempt to spread fear on path to Atlantic
 Captured Savannah by December
 Lincoln
won 1864 election thanks to Atlanta
 Lincoln decided to push slavery issue
 13th Amendment banned slavery in ALL of
USA
 Passed House of Reps in Jan.‘65
Needed States to authorize it’s final vote
 Gen.
Lee surrendered on April 9, 1865
 Confederates turned in weapons and left

NO CHARGES OF TREASON!
 +620,000
soldiers died in the 4-year war
 360,000 Union, 260,000 Confederate
 ~37,000 black soldiers died
 Another
465,000 men were wounded
 275,000 Union, 190,000 Confederate
 The South was completely destroyed
 ¼ of the South's men of military age died
 4 million cotton bales in 1861
 300,000 in 1865!
 Lincoln
gave speech on plans after war
 African Americans participate in government
 April

14, 1865, Lincoln shot at Ford’s Theater
Assassin = John Wilkes Booth
 White
Southerners feared future
 New President = Andrew Johnson
 If
you were President after the Civil
War, what would you do to the
States that had rebelled against the
Union and started the war?
 How is history remembered
according to geography?