Download Earth Space EOC Review Test #2 NAME

Earth Space EOC Review Test #2
NAME: _______________________
Use text for Questions 1-3
Lilly did an experiment to study the rate of photosynthesis in the water plant Elodea. She placed a piece of
Elodea in a beaker of water and set the beaker 10 centimeters (cm) from a light source. Lilly counted the
bubbles released from the plant every minute for five minutes (min). She repeated the process two more
times. First, she moved the light to 20 cm from the beaker, and then she moved the light to 30 cm from the
beaker. Lilly’s setup and data are shown below.
1. What is the outcome variable (dependent variable) in this experiment?
a. the amount of time the bubbles were counted
b. the number of bubbles produced
c. the type of plant placed in the beaker
d. the distance of the light source from the plant
2. What conclusion can be draw from this experiment?
a. The further away the light was moved from the beakers the more bubbles were produced.
b. At a distance of 10 and a time of 2 minutes produce the most bubbles.
c. The closer the light was to the beaker the more bubbles were produced.
d. There is no relationship between the distance of the light and number of bubbles produced.
3. What best describes Lilly’s experimental design?
a. Replication
b. Experiment
c. Observational
d. Multiple Trials
4. Erosion is _______________.
a. The breaking down and movement of rocks
b. the breaking down of rocks
c. the movement of rock particles
5. The points labeled on the chart below represent the approximate size of Earth, the Milky Way, the
Moon, and the Sun. The approximate size of the solar system is also shown. Which point on the chart
best represents the approximate size of the Sun?
a.
b.
c.
d.
W
X
Y
Z
6. Earth has many types of climate zones. The map below shows the tundra climate zones of the
Northern Hemisphere. Which of the following best describes this type of climate zone?
a.
b.
c.
d.
It is very hot because it is on the coastline.
It is very wet because it is below sea level.
It receives very little snowfall because it is close to the ocean.
It has very cold temperatures because it is far from the equator.
7. Why are some constellations visible to New York State observers at midnight during April,
but not visible at midnight during October?
a. Constellations move within our galaxy
b. Constellations have elliptical orbits
c. Earth revolves around the Sun
d. Earth rotates on its axis
8. The major source of oxygen in Earth’s Early Proterozic atmosphere is inferred to have been produced
by
a. Evaporation of ocean water
b. Outgassing from volcanic eruptions
c. Ocean cyanobacteria
d. Radioactive decay in Earth’s inner core
9. The map below shows coastal features of a portion of Long Island, New York. Point A represents a
location on a landscape feature that resulted from wave action and longshore currents. On which
landscape feature is point A located?
a. Moraine
b. Delta
c. Barrier island
d. Floodplain
10. Index fossils, are used to precisely date short geological time intervals, are the skeletal remains of such
species of plants or animals that combine the following two characteristics: a geographically large
habitat, and a short existence. The diagram below represents three bedrock outcrops. The layers
have not been overturned. Letters A though E identify different rock layers. Fossils found in the rock
layers are shown. Which fossil could be classified as an index fossil?
11. Which evidence best supports the Big Bang theory?
a. Rate of rotation of the sun
b. Existence of cosmic background radiation
c. Uniform radioactive decay of fossils
d. Separation of Earth’s interior into different layers
12. The graph shows the temperature, pressure, and depth environments for the formation of the three
major rock types. Pressure is shown in kilobars (kb). Letters A through D identify different
environmental conditions for rock formation. Which rock is most likely to form directly from rock
material at a depth of 30 km and a temperature of 1000ºC?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Melting of dry continental crust
Magma and igneous rock
13. Which motion causes some constellations to be visible in New York State only during winter nights and
other constellations to be visible only during summer nights?
a. Stars in constellations revolve around Earth
b. Stars in constellations revolve around the Sun
c. Earth revolves around the Sun
d. Earth rotates on its axis
14. Which transfer of energy occurs mainly through the process of convection?
a. Electromagnetic energy transferred from the Sun to the Moon.
b. Solar energy transferred through space to Earth’s surface
c. Heated air in the lower atmosphere transferred upward by density differences
d. Heat from radioactive decay transferred by molecular collisions to surrounding mantle
Use Test and Diagram for Questions 15 and 16.
The diagram below represents the inferred changes to the luminosity and color of the Sun throughout its life
cycle. The diagonal dashed line represents the main sequence stars. The numbers 1 through 5 represents
stages in the life cycle of the Sun.
15. Where does the Sun spend the greatest amount of time in its life cycle?
a. As a main sequence star
b. Contracting from gas cloud (nebula)
c. Changing from a giant star to a white dwarf
d. Moving away from the main sequence and becoming a giant
16. The Sun is inferred to be the most luminous when it is classified as a
a. White dwarf star
b. Gas cloud (nebula)
c. Main sequence star
d. Giant star
Use Test and Diagram for Questions 17 and 18
The map below shows part of the North American coastline. The present coastline is shown as a solid line. The
symbols on the key below indicate the inferred coastline 18,000 years ago and an inferred future coastline if
global warming continues.
17. Which statement best explains why 18,000 years ago the coastline was at a different location than it is
today?
a. The climate of Earth was extremely hot and dry
b. The east coast of North American was being subducted under the Eurasian Plate
c. North America had just separated from Africa, and the Atlantic Ocean was forming
d. A large amount of Earth’s water was stored in large continental ice sheets
18. The inferred position of the future coastline is based on the assumption that the
a. Thickness of the ozone layer will decrease
b. Concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere will increase
c. Rate of uplift of the North American continent will increase
d. Total amount of global precipitation will decrease
19. Which process directly leads to the formation of igneous rock?
a. Weathering and erosion
b. Compaction and cementation
c. Heat and pressure
d. Melting and solidification
20. The photograph below shows a sandstone butte in an arid region. Which agents of erosion are
currently changing the appearance of this butte?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Glaciers and mass movement
Wave action and running water
Wind and mass movement
Running water and glaciers
Use Text for questions 21-26
Scientist have predicted that 50% of the wetlands worldwide have become destroyed. This can be attributed
mostly to human destruction, such as deforestation and urbanization. Wetlands are vital for amphibians,
which include frogs, salamanders, and newts. The females lay their eggs in depressions in the ground that fill
up with water and triggers the eggs to hatch. These depressions are known as vernal pools. Once the eggs
hatch they spend the first part of their lives in these pools of water. Many scientist are studying the effects of
pond desiccation (drying) on the development of amphibians due to habitat destruction and global warming
(these vernal pools are drying too quickly.) Juan and Kelly are wetland scientists and their research of pond
desiccation is directed specifically towards its effect on salamanders. Salamander tadpoles usually take
between 2 to 6 months to develop from tadpoles into salamanders. Below is a diagram of a salamander’s
development (metamorphosis) and an outline of Juan and Kelly’s experimental procedures.
 Collect salamander tadpoles from vernal pool.
 Place 10 tadpoles in 5 different containers.
 Each container starts with the same amount of water but the amount of water is reduced at different
rates.
 Trial group 1 dried at the end of 4 months.
 Trail group 2 dried at the end of 3 months.
 Trail group 3 dried at the end of 2 months.
 Trial group 4 dried at the end of 1 month.
 Trial group 5’s water was not reduced during the experiment.
 Take pictures of salamanders every two weeks and use computer program to measure body size.
 After 4 months take final pictures and measurements.
 Analyze data from pictures, count how many salamander tadpoles completed metamorphosis into
salamanders, and draw a conclusion.
Trial
Groups
1
2
3
4
5
Number of
Salamanders
that completed
metamorphosis
1
3
5
8
0
Average size
(cm)of
salamanders at
metamorphosis
6.3 cm
4.8 cm
3 cm
2.2 cm
-
21. What conclusion can be drawn for Juan and Kelly’s experiment?
A. Not as many of the salamanders in the faster drying trial groups (3 & 4) completed
metamorphosis.
B. More of the salamanders in the faster drying trial groups (3&4) completed metamorphosis, but
at a larger body size.
C. More of the salamanders in the faster drying trial groups (3&4) completed metamorphosis,
but at a smaller body size.
D. The drying period did not have an effect on the salamander’s size at metamorphosis.
22. What is the test (independent) variable in this experiment?
A. The amount of salamanders that completed metamorphosis and their size.
B. The water staying the same through the experiment.
C. The 10 salamanders in each container.
D. The trial groups’ drying times.
23. Which trial group is the control?
A. Trial 2
B. Trial 3
C. Trial 4
D. Trial 5
24. What is the word that describes Juan and Kelly having 5 different trial groups?
A. Experiment
B. Operation
C. Repetition
D. Replication
25. What is there about the experiment design could cause the experiment to not have as valid results?
A. The length of the experiment is too short.
B. Salamanders are not amphibians.
C. There are too few trial groups to say for sure the experiment will parallel real life.
D. Experiments in lab do not offer scientists insight into the real world.
26. What word best describes the information scientists used to determine the life cycle of amphibians?
A. Observations
B. Evidence
C. Graphs
D. Pictures