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The Age of Exploration
SS6H6: The student will analyze the
impact of European exploration and
colonization on various world regions
SS6H6 a. Identify the causes of European exploration and
colonization; include religion, natural resources, a market
for goods, and the contributions of Prince Henry the
Navigator
Enduring Understanding
Movement/Migration: movement and migration of people
and ideas affect all societies involved
Essential Question:
- What factors, including the contributions of Prince
Henry the Navigator, influenced European nations to
begin overseas exploration?
Age of Exploration
• Europeans began a
period of exploration
across the globe due
to a strong desire for
wealth, land and
honor.
The Renaissance
• A rebirth of Greek and Roman
ideals and a rebirth of Europe.
• Artists and sculptors of the
Renaissance studied the more
realistic art of Rome.
• They used live models to help
portray the human body.
• Artists such as Leonardo da
Vinci and Michelangelo
flourished during this time
• Intellectual ideas such as the
study of history, literature, and
philosophy spread
• Started in northern Italy
(Florence and Milan) and spread
north into northern Europe (esp.
France, England, and Germany)
Leonardo’s
da Vinci’s
Mona Lisa
Michelangelo’s
Pieta
The Scientific Revolution
• 1550-1700
• Mathematicians, astronomers, biologists, physicists,
and botanists made observations and discoveries.
• Galileo proved that the Milky Way contained many
distant stars
• Francis Bacon helped to create the Scientific Method.
• Isaac Newton explains the laws of gravity
Galileo
Francis Bacon
Isaac Newton
Results of the Renaissance &
the Scientific Revolution
There were discoveries of spices, gold, and
other riches . Improved shipbuilding and
navigational tools allowed for long sea
voyages.
Exploration would give these countries
what they needed to stay in power or
become powerful.
*Why do you think it made countries powerful to have
these natural resources?
EUROPEANS WERE PAYING
BIG BUCKS FOR THEM!!!!!!
Gold and Natural Resources
► In the 1400s, European countries were
competing with each other for Natural
Resources
– They competed for natural resources
such as gold, silk, and spices
►Spices were especially valuable
►Many of these things could be
found in India.
►Traders had to travel great
distances over land to get these
natural resources.
Glory
► As Europeans began exploring the
Coast of Africa, they began settling
Colonies.
– Colonizing new areas added to a
country’s territory (more natural
resources, more wealth)
– Colonizing also opened new
markets
►European countries could sell
things to the people in these
areas and make even more
money
Glory
►The more colonies a
country had, the more
wealth it had
►More colonies meant
more prestige or Glory
– Countries began
competing with one
another for colonies
►When one Country
takes over another it is
called Imperialism
God
►Some Europeans
believed it was their duty
to spread the Christian
faith throughout the
world.
– They felt that they could
convert the Native people they
met in their journeys into
Christians.
Exploration was dangerous!
•
•
•
•
•
Storms
Sinking ships
Pirates
Attacks
Scurvy
Which Country Started the
Explorations!!!
• Portugal led way in exploration.
• Land of experienced sailors who traveled the seas in
search of trade (for centuries)
• Prince Henry the Navigator understood their
dependence on the sea and financed explorations!
• Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama and his crew
were the first Europeans to reach India by sea.
• Portugal established settlements in Brazil (S. America);
Brazil provided gold & sugar to Portugal.
• Portugal was more interested in trade than in taking
over a land and its people.
PORTUGAL
Portugal Colonization
PRINCE HENRY
THE NAVIGATOR
• WHO:
Portuguese Prince who funded the
explorations of Bortolomeu Dias, and
Vasco da Gama
• WHAT:
He sent Vasco Da Gama to explore the
West Coast of Africa. He was trying to
find a quicker route to Asia. Da Gama
did reach Asia (India)
• WHEN:
Dias 1487-1488, da Gama 1497-1498
• WHERE: They sailed near Africa and South America
• WHY:
Asia!!!! Wasn’t that where everyone was
going??
Prince Henry the Navigator
► Henry also opened a school of
Navigation in Portugal
– He wanted shipbuilders,
mapmakers, sea captains,
and inventors to learn and
work together.
Exploration Attempts
Water Route to India
• Prince Henry’s ultimate goal—find water route around Africa to India
• Died before goal accomplished; attempts to find such a route not abandoned
• 1488, Bartolomeu Dias became first to sail around southern tip of Africa
Vasco da Gama
• 1497, Vasco da Gama set out for India, stopped at several African ports
• Learned Muslim merchants actively involved in trade
• Journey took more than 10 months, eventually reached Calicut in India
Lucrative Trade
• da Gama’s trip inspired another expedition to India, led by Pedro Cabral
• Sailed west; sighted, claimed land that became known as Brazil
• Portugal established trading centers; became rich, powerful European nation
Vasco de Gama
SPAIN
Spain Colonization
CHRISTOPHER
COLUMBUS
• WHO:
• WHAT:
Italian who explored for Spain
Sailed to the West Indies
Credited with discovering America
• WHEN:
First voyage began in 1492, would go
on a total of 4 voyages.
• WHERE: All of his voyages were to the Americas:
Cuba, Central America, South America,
Bahamas, and Hispaniola (today is
Dominican Republic & Haiti)
• WHY:
Was attempting to find a
Northwest Passage to Asia
Christopher Columbus
FERDINAND
MAGELLAN
• WHO:
• WHAT:
Sailed for Spain
Trying to find a quicker trade route to Asia
• WHEN:
• WHERE:
1519
Sailed from Spain, around the tip of South America and
is killed near the Philippines in 1521. His crew will
return back to Spain around 1522.
First explorer credited with a crew sailing
around the world (even though he died during
the trip). Named the Pacific Ocean
• WHY:
Ferdinand Magellan
FRANCE
Samuel
Champlain
• WHO:
• WHAT:
French navigator, cartographer and explorer
Sailed to the North America looking for the
Northwest Passage and founded Quebec
• WHEN:
First voyage began in 1603
• WHERE: Canada, Northeast coast of present day
United States, Great Lakes, St. Lawrence
River
• WHY:
To establish permanent settlements and fur
trading posts in New World.
Samuel de Champlain
ENGLAND
JOHN CABOT
• WHO:
• WHAT:
English explorer
The first European encounter with the
continent of North America since the Norse
Vikings.
• WHEN:
1496 and 1497
• WHERE: First expedition he got lost and returned
home. On his second voyage, he landed in
Newfoundland, which is in present
day Canada.
• WHY:
His explorations helped to establish a strong
British hold in North America.
John Cabot
James Cook
• In 1770, British
explorer James Cook,
became the first
European to explore
the fertile Eastern
coast of Australia.
• He made charts of
Australia and many
other Pacific Islands.
• In 1770, Captain James Cook charted the
eastern Australian coast in his ship
Endeavor.
Today’s Replica of the
Endeavor
• Following orders from British King George
III, Cook claimed the east coast for Great
Britain. Cook named eastern Australia
“New South Wales.”
• The British mapped the coast of Australia,
including the island of Tasmania.
• The independence of the 13 American
colonies led the British to colonize
Australia in 1788. Before American
independence, the British sent prisoners to
be colonists in the Georgia colony in
America. Britain created a new penal
(prison) colony by shipping prisoners from
Great Britain to Australia.
JAIL, TRADE, AND COMPETITION
• There were four main reasons for the British to colonize
Australia.
• First, the British wanted to colonize Australia to relieve
overcrowding in Great Britain’s jails.
• Second, the British government recognized the
importance of having its navy stationed in Australia in the
southern hemisphere.
• Thirdly the British viewed Australia as an economic
base to expand trade.
• Finally, the British government did not want its rivals,
especially the French, to start a colony on the Australian
continent.
3. What type of people were the first British
colonists in Australia?
a. captains
b. conquistadors
c. prisoners
d. sailors
ON THE BACK OF YOUR PAPER -COPY THE
FOLLOWING…YOU WILL SEE THIS INFORMATION
AGAIN (WINK)
Who looked for the Northwest Passage to Asia?
Jacques Cartier, John Cabot, Samuel De Champlain
WHY WERE THE EXPLORERS WHO ATTEMPTED TO FIND
A NORTHERN TRADE ROUTE TO EUROPE
UNSUCCESSFUL?
They kept running into LAND!!
EFFECTS OF EXPLORATION ON AFRICA, NORTH, AND
SOUTH AMERICA.
Slavery, spread of disease, wars, clash of cultures,
imperialism, religious conversion, spread of new ideas,
introduction of new foods and products.
Ticket Out the Door
• 3 – List three countries from Europe
that sent out explorations.
• 2 – List 2 explorers that explored.
• 1 – List one reason why explorers went
to foreign lands.
Quiz
yourself
1. Who claimed Australia for Great Britain?
a. Christopher Columbus
b. Captain James Cook
c. George III
d. The Prince of Wales
Summarizer #2 –
With your partner draw a triple T-chart comparing the three explorers
Christopher
Columbus
Prince Henry the
Navigator
James Cook
SS6H6
d. Explain the impact of European empire building in
Africa and Asia on the outbreak of World War I.
Social Studies Theme:
Conflict / Change
Essential Question:
How did the existence of large European
colonial empires in Africa and Asia impact
the outbreak of World War I?
SS6H6
d. Explain the impact of European empire building in Africa
and Asia on the outbreak of World War I.
• Africa in 1914 had become
one of the “hottest properties
on the market” meaning
everyone wanted a piece of
this natural resource rich
continent!
• Nearly all areas of Africa were
controlled by European powers
in 1914.
Major Causes of WWI
• Alliances
• Nationalism
• Imperialism
• Militarism
Alliances
Definition: A formal agreement or treaty between two or more
nations to cooperate for specific purposes.
• European countries joined alliances to better
protect themselves.
• If one member was attacked, the others were
obligated to help that country
Nationalism
Definition: Devotion and loyalty to one’s own country,
patriotism
• Citizens felt fierce pride in their countries.
• Many groups wanted to be free from the control of
other nations
Imperialism
Definition: The policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation
over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies
•
•
•
•
•
Rivalries developed as countries tried to grab colonies
Conflicts had occurred over control of colonies in Africa and Asia
European countries resented and distrusted each other
European nations were constantly looking for more land to colonize.
These colonies supplied Europe with new markets, raw materials, and
added to their sense of prestige or greatness.
- This created conflict between the old superpower countries of Great Britain
and France and the newer rising powers of Germany, Russia, and Italy.
Now write it in your own words:
Militarism
Definition: A strong military spirit or policy
(In Ms. D’s words, “ready for war”!)
Countries had built strong armies and navies to
defend their own countries and their colonies
 Tensions built as countries watched each other
build up military power

SS6H6
d. Explain the impact of European empire building in Africa
and Asia on the outbreak of World War I.
• Asia in 1914
• Large portions of Asia were
also controlled by European
powers directly or by
influencing local leaders
The Spark
The actual event that
started WWI was the
assassination of the
Austrian Archduke
Francis Ferdinand in
1914
Ferdinand was killed by
a Bosnian Serb who
wanted to free Bosnia
from the AustroHungarian Empire and
unite it with Serbia
Causes of WWI
• MILITARY ALLIANCES
By 1914, Europe had divided into two powerful alliances:
TRIPLE ALLIANCE
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy
TRIPLE ENTENTE
Great Britain
France
Russia
• Italian Germans are always hungry and “entente” is French
so remember Great French Rulers!
Do you have any pneumonic devices?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Tanks
Submarines
Airplanes
Machine Guns
Poison Gas
Long Range Artillery
Trench Warfare
Military
Technology
SS6H6
d. Explain the impact of European empire building in Africa
and Asia on the outbreak of World War I.
• Essential Question:
How did the existence of large European colonial
empires in Africa and Asia impact the outbreak
of World War I?
Lets Discuss this!