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The Medieval Church I) Introduction: the Church and the Middle Ages II) The Structure of the Church Secular Hierarchy Regular Hierarchy III) The Transformation of the Church IV) The Church in the Late Middle Ages Secular (saeculum) versus Regular (regula) Pluralism Bishops, Abbots Hildebrand, Gregory VII (pope, 1073-1085) Pentarchy: Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, Henry IV (r. 1056-1106) Constantinople, Rome Milan Gregory the Great (b. c. 540; pope 590-604) Canossa (1077) Pastoral Care (593) Pascal II (1099-1118) Franks Concordat of Worms (1122) Legates Dictatus Papae (1075) Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1340-1400) Trivium - rhetoric, grammar, dialectic Antony (251-356) Quadrivium - mathematics, astronomy, geometry, Pachomius (290-347) music Benedict of Nursia (c. 480-547) Universitas Charlemagne (747-814) Salerno Cluny (founded 909) Aristotle (384-322 BC) Cistercians (after 1096) William of Norwich (d. 1144) Francis of Assisi (1181-1226) Thomas of Monmouth (fl. 1150-1175) Friars Minor (Franciscans) Chimerical Sacral Kingship Consanguinity Bologna Fourth Lateran Council (1215) Lay Investiture Confession, Pugatory, Saints’ cults "Libertas ecclesiae" Margery Kempe (d. 1438) Simony (Simon Magus; Acts 8.18-24) Suggested Further Reading: R.I. Moore, The Formation of a Persecuting Society Henry IV to Gregory VII: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/henry4-to-g7a.html