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Q: Name the different layers of the earth
from the centre outwards.
A: Inner core / outer core / mantle
(lower and asthenosphere – upper) /
Crust/ Lithosphere
Q: What are the 8 main tectonic plates?
A: North American Plate/ South American
Plate/ Nazca Plate/ African Plate/ Pacific
Plate/ Indo-Australian Plate / Eurasian
Plate/ Antarctic Plate.
Q: How many types of plate margin are
there and what are they called?
A: Three plate margins (constructive/
destructive / conservative).
Q: Give an example of a feature found at a
constructive plate margin.
A: Mid Oceanic ridge / shield volcano.
Q: Give an example of a feature found at a
destructive plate margin?
A: Fold mountains / composite volcanoes
/oceanic trenches.
Q: What event occurs at conservative
plate margins and give an example you have
studied.
Q: What are tectonic plates?
A: The Earths crust is broken down into
large slabs called plates which float on top
of the mantle.
Q: What is a plate boundary / plate
margin?
A: Where two plates meet.
Q: What is a constructive plate margin?
A: Where two plates move apart from
each other, creating new land.
Q: What is a destructive plate margin?
A: Where two plates move towards
eachother.
Q: What is a conservative plate margin?
A: Where the plates move parallel to each
other, the earths crust is not created or
destroyed.
Q: What forces the Earths plates to
move?
A: Convection currents in the mantle.
A: earthqukes: Kobe, Japan / Bam Iran
Q: How many different types of plates are
there, and what are they called?
Q: Describe two features of an oceanic
plate?
A: Two: Oceanic and continental.
A: Oceanic plates are:
Young / dense basalt / thinner plate.
Q: Describe two features of a continental
plate?
Q: What is a fold mountain?
A: Continental plates are:
Older / thick plates/ less dense.
Q: Name the case study for a fold
mountain you have studied, and describe
its location?
A: The Alps in Europe, caused by the
African plate moving north into the
Eurasion plate.
Q: Name the human uses of the Alps
mountain range.
A: Hydro-electric power / mining /
Farming / Forestry / Tourism.
Q
Q: What three problems do people face in
the Alps mountain range?
A: Poor soils / Steep slopes / Poor
communication.
A: A fold mountain occur where tectonic
plates collide and fold upwards.
Q: Describe the formation of the Alps?
A:
Q: How are fold mountains suitable for
HEP?
A: Relief rainfall means that there is
enough water to sustain the dam /
Steep river valleys make building a dam
easier and cheaper / Steep sided so there
will be high amounts of surface runoff, and
summer melt water.
Q: Name a source of tourism in the Alps?
A: The various ski resorts such as
Chamonix in France.
Q: Why does the Alps have poor soils?
A: They are thin soils which are highly
weathered / Leaching occurs which means
that nutrients are washed down slope.
Q: Why are there problems with
communication in the Alps?
Q: Name and describe a way people in the
Alps have adapted to poor soils?
A: Steep slopes and high altitude mean
that infrastructure is poor and expensive
to construct.
A: Farm crops and cattle in the valleys, use
the steep slopes for sheep and goats who
can cope with the slope angles and colder
climate.
Q: Describe one way in which people have
adapted to steep slopes in the Alps?
Q: How does terracing make farming
easier in the Alps?
A: Terracing creates a series of flat
platforms which allow easier sowing and
harvesting of crops / reduce leaching and
poor water supply as water is trapped on
each level/ increases the amount of
nutrients found in the soil.
Q: How have communications been
developed in the Alps?
A: The use of building techiques such as
tunneling, viaducts, bridges and zig zags.
Q: Which two types of volcano have you
studied and give an example of each?
A: Composite – Mount St Helens.
Shield – Mauna Loa
Q: Describe the key features of a
composite volcano?
A: Explosive and infrequent eruptions/
High, steep sided volcano / Made of
alternating layers of ash and lava / The
lava has a high viscosity (thick so cools
quickly creating steep sides).
A: Mont Blanc Tunnel this goes through
the mountain therefore shortening the
journey for people.
Q: Describe how the railways have been
adapted for poor communications and
steep slopes?
A: The use of viaducts and zigzags have
meant that this train is able to run
effectively at high altitudes.
Q: Which volcano is found on a destructive
plate margin, give an example with the
names of the plates.
A: Composite volcano: Mount St Helens –
Juan de Fuca Plate and the North
American Plate.
Q: Describe the key features of a shield
volcano?
A: Sloping sides caused by low viscosity
lave (runny so travels further before it
cools) / low flat volcano / layers of lava /
Non –explosive and frequent eruptions
Q: What signs does a volcano give off that
it is about to erupt?
A: Earthquakes / changes in the shape e.g.
bulges / escaping gas e.g. CO2.
Q: What causes earthquakes?
A: The tension that builds up on all three
types of plate margins.
Q: What are the two types of shockwaves
which are sent out?
Q: Where are the shockwaves felt more
strongly during an earthquake?
A: p and s waves.
A: The points closest to the source of the
earthquake at the focus.
Q: What is the name of the point on the
surface which is directly above the source
of the Earthquake?
Q: What is the name of the source of the
earthquake?
A: The focus
A: The Epicenter.
Q: What are the names of the scales you
have studied which are used to measure
earthquakes?
Q: Which scale used to measure
earthquakes uses a logarithmic scale to
measure the intensity of the shockwaves?
A: Mercalli and Richter
Q: Which scale used to measure
earthquakes uses roman numerals to show
the damage done?
A: Richter Scale.
Q: Which plate boundaries can
earthquakes occur on?
A: Mercalli scale.
A: Constructive/ destructive and
conservative.
Q: Name three differences between the
Mercalli and the Richter scale.
Q: What is a Tsunami?
A: The Richter scale measures the amount
of energy released in the shockwaves
WHEREAS the Mercalli scale measures
the damage done by the earthquake.
Mercalli – uses surveys based on
observations and opinion WHEREAS
Richter scale uses a seismometer.
Mercalli uses roman numerals I – XII
whereas Richter has logarithmic scale.
A: A tsunami is a series of very large
waves caused when large amounts of water
are displaced, mostly when there is an
under water seismic event e.g. earthquake.
Q: Name three social effects of the
JapaneseTsunami?
Q: Give an example of an earthquake you
have studied in an MEDC?
A. 23 000 people killed / whole towns and
villages were destroyed, loss of
power/electricty
A: Tohoku, Japan 2011.
Q: Give an example of an earthquake you
have studied in a LEDC?
Q: What is an ocean trench and where are
they found?
A: Haiti, 2010.
A: Very deep sections of the ocean floor
where the oceanic plate subducts
underneath the continental plate at a
destructive plate margin.
Q: What is a supervolcano, and give an
example of one you have studied?
Q: Where do supervolcanoes form?
A: A volcano which forms under the
Earth’s crust, Yellowstone Park.
A: Form close to destructive plate margins
or at hotspots.
Q: What is a Caldera?
Q: What is the VEI?
A:A volcanic depression formed when a
super volcano erupts .
A: Volcano explosivity index, I is a scale
which measures the amount of material
erupted from the volcano 1-8 where 8 is a
supervolcano).
Q: What are the main differences
between a volcano and a supervolcano?
A:
Scale of eruption:Normal local/national
scale (<7 on VEI) SV= global scale (8 on
VEI)
Structure: caldera/crater, cone / magma
reservoir under Earths crust
Frequency of eruption: often / very rare
.