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Basic Geometry
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What is
Geometry????!!!??
Geometry is the branch of mathematics
which deals with the properties and
relations of lines , angles , surfaces and
solids.
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3
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A point is usually represented by a
small dot (.)
It has no magnitude i.e. has no
length, breadth or thickness.
Line-
A line is straight and extends
indefinitely on both sides.
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A part of a line is called a line
segment.
Line segment-
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A
O
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B
An angle is formed
by two rays starting
from the same
initial point.
A
O
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B
The initial point
O is called the
vertex.
A
O
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B
Rays OA and OB
are called the
arms of the angle.
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A triangle
ALTITUDE
A
O
B
N
D
EXTERIOR
C
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A triangle is a three
sided closed figure,
formed by three line
segments intersect in
pairs.
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A
B
C
A,B and C are known
as the vertices
(singular vertices)
of the triangle.
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A
1.Three sides
AB,BC and CA.
2.Three angles
B
C
<A,<B and <C.
3.Three vertices
A, B & C
A quadrilateral
A quadrilateral is
a four sided
figure.
B
C
A
D
’ Quadri ’ means
four, and ‘ lateral
‘ means sides.
A quadrilateral
If A,B,C and D are four points in a plane
such that no three of them are collinear and
the line segments AB,BC,CD and DA
Do not intersect except at their end-points,
then the figure formed by these four line
B
segments is called
C
The quadrilateral ABCD.
A
D
A quadrilateral
BC & AD are
opposite sides.
B
C
A
D
CD & AD are
Adjacent sides.
A circle
A circle a set of points
on a plane which are
E
at the same distance
A
o
S
INTERIOR
EXTERIOR
B
from a fixed point
called centre (O).
A circle
OB = RADIUS
AB = DIAMETER
= 2 X RADIUS
E
C
A
CHORD
o
S
INTERIOR
EXTERIOR
D
B
A circle
CED is the minor arc
CSD is the major arc.
E
C
A
CHORD
o
S
D
B
INTERIOR
EXTERIOR
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