Download Algae I

Algae I
• Photosynthetic pigments
• As primary producers in the food chain of aquatic
environments.
• Classification is based on
1) Types of photosynthetic pigments
2) Types of storage products from photosynthesis
3) Ingredients of cell wall
4) Number and position of flagellate
5) The micro structure within the cell
6) The shape and characteristics of algae to
distinguish
藻類的分類群 (algae phyla)

藍綠菌門(Cyanobacteria)

原綠藻門(Prochorophyta)

裸藻門(Euglenophyta)

隱藻門(Cryptophyta)

金黃藻門(Chrysophyta)

甲藻門(Pyrrophyta)

褐藻門(Phaeophyta)

紅藻門(Rhodophyta)

綠藻門(Chlorophyta)

輪藻門(Charophyta)
Domain Bacteria
Domain Eukarya
※ Please prepare the newspaper for next week
實驗項目
1. 念珠藻 (Anabaena sp.)
p. 58
 Vegetative cell
1. 念珠藻 Anabaena sp ：Cyanobacteria, specimen
 Heterocyst are specialized nitrogen-fixing cells
2. 布氏雙尾藻 Ditylum brightwellii (T.West) Grunow in Van
 An akinete is a thick-walled dormant cell derived from the
enlargement of a vegetative cel. It is a resting cell and serves as
a survival structure.
Heurck : Diatom, seawater samples
3. 角甲藻 Ceratium sp. : Dinoflagellates, specimen
4. 新月藻 Closterium sp.： green algae, specimen
5. 水綿 Spirogyra sp. : green algae, freshwater samples and specimen
Heterocyst
1. 念珠藻 (Anabaena sp.)
p. 58
2. 布氏雙尾藻 Ditylum brightwellii (T.West) Grunow in
Van Heurck
p. 59~61
 marine diatom, yellow-brown in colour
營養細胞
(vegetative cells)
 usually unicellar, sometimes in short chains
 cell prism-shaped, with strongly rounded angles to nearly
異型細胞
(heterocysts)
異型細胞兩側邊是略透明
厚壁孢子
(akinete)
cylindrica
 A large spine extends from the center of each valve, and is
surrounded by a marginal ridge
 Chloroplasts are small and numerous.
large spines
Specimen
a wet mount slide
chloroplasts
a ring of small spines
Fig. Life history of Ditylum brightwellii. Size reduction occurs over time via
vegetative cell division. Resting spores develop from, and germinate into
vegetative cells (Hargraves, 1984). Sexual reproduction takes place
between haploid eggs and sperm; the auxospore (diploid) is a specialized
zygotic cell.
In short chains
3. 角甲藻 (Ceratium sp.)


p. 60, 61
Dinoflagellates
covered with an armor-like
cell wall
4. 新月藻(Closterium sp.)


(cell wall)

(橫溝)
細胞壁
(cell wall)
(縱溝)
橫溝
(cingulum)

p. 80
a crescent-shaped or elongate desmid
is formed of two semicells that are also mirror images of each
other but there is only a single central nucleus
Each semicell has one or two axial, ridged chloroplasts with at
least one pyrenoid.
The pyrenoid is a protein body in the chloroplasts of algae and
hornworts that is involved in carbon fixation and starch
formation and storage.
澱粉核(pyrenoid)
細胞核
(nucleus)
細胞核(nucleus)
葉綠體
(chloroplast)
Specimen
Specimen
5. 水綿 (Spirogyra sp.)
p. 78, 79
 The chloroplasts are ribbon-shaped spiral bands that extend
from one end of the cell to the other.
 Each chloroplast has several pyrenoids.
 asexual reproduction (fragmentation) and sexual reproduction
(conjugation)
澱粉核
(pyrenoid)
5. 水綿 (Spirogyra sp.)
p. 78, 79
 Scalariform conjugation requires association of two different
filaments lined side by side either partially or throughout their
length. One cell each from opposite lined filaments emits tubular
protuberances known as conjugation tubes, which elongate and
fuse, to make a passage called the conjugation canal. The
cytoplasm of the cell acting as the male travels through this tube
and fuses with the female cytoplasm, and the gametes fuse to
form a zygospore (1)
(3)
(2)
細胞核
(nucleus)
葉綠體
(chloroplast)
a wet mount slide
Specimen
Specimen
接合管
(conjugating tube)
結合子(zygote)