Download Chp 17 SG - Jefferson Forest High School

Chapter 17 Test Study Guide
Name___Key___________
Date_____ Period ___
1. When two or more species evolve in response to each other, it is called _coevolution___________________.
2. The general term for the biotic relationship in which one organism feeds upon another is _predation (parasitism) _, This benefits ecosystems by reducing competition and promoting stability and productivity.
3. The term _symbiosis____ is used to describe a close relationship between two dissimilar organisms in which one organism usually benefits (there are three types of this).
4. A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and another is often harmed but not killed is called _parasitism____.
5. In a parasitic relationship, the organism that provides benefits to another organism at its own expense is called the _host__.
6. Parasitism is considered a special case of __predation____.
7. The symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other neither benefits nor suffers harm is called commensalism__.
8. The struggle among organisms for the same limited natural resources is called __competition____.
9. A(n) _niche__ describes the habitat, feeding habits, other aspects of an organism’s biology, and its interactions with other organisms and the environment (what it eats, when it eats, and where it eats) .
10. If an insect keeps predators away from a plant and the plant provides shelter and food for that insect then this is an example of __mutualism___. 11. If two animals both eat the same plant we can call them _competitors_______. 12. If a tree provides nutrients and space for another plant on it, but the plant does nothing for the tree it is called _commensalism__. 13. If an animal provided nutrients and a place to live for a tapeworm in its intestines it is an example of _parasitism__. 14. The total niche that an organism is potentially able to use within an ecosystem is called that organism’s _fundamental niche__.
15. Local elimination of one competing species is called ____competitive exclusion___________.
16. The variety of organisms in a community is called _biodiversity___________________.
17. The prevailing weather conditions in any given area is called the area’s __climate__________________.The most important elements of climate are __temperature_____________ and __precipitation__________. 18. A major biological community that occurs over a large area of land is called a(n) __biome__________________.
19. The thick, continually frozen layer of ground found in the northern tundra is called __permafrost__________________.
20. The biome that makes up most of the central part of the continental United States is __temperate grasslands_____.
21. The greatest diversity of life in the ocean is found in __shallow___________ ocean waters. 22. Almost all of the Earth’s surface water is contained in ___oceans___________. 23. Trees that lose their leaves every year are known as __deciduous__________________.
24. Elk and moose may live in the _taiga______________, areas that are also the primary source of the world’s lumber.
25. A biome that is characterized by lush vegetation, abundant rain, and year­round warm temperatures is the _rainforest_.
26. Virtually all plants contain defensive chemicals called _ secondary compounds ___.
27. _ Plankton_ are at the base of most aquatic food chains. 28. A dry grassland known as a(n) __ Savanna __________________ is the home of elephants, giraffes, and lions, having open, widely spaced trees and seasonal rainfall.
A food web is shown in the diagram to the right.
29. Which statement best describes a direct result of an increase in the frog population? a. The raccoon population will decrease.
b. The grasshopper population will increase. c. The snake population will increase. d. The worm population will increase. 30.
Which type of biome occupies the largest area of the Earth? a. marine b. grassland c. tropical rain forest d. temperate deciduous forest
Use the following table to answer questions 31­33.
31.
Which biome is represented by A? a. tundra
b. tropical rainforest
c. temperate deciduous
d. grassland
32.
Which information should be included in box B
a. extreme daily temperature fluctuations
b. constant rainfall; high temperature fluctuations
c. strong prevailing winds; small variations in temperature
d. permanently frozen subsoil; no precipitation
33. What information would be in box C?
a. mosses
b. grasses
c. conifers
d. deciduous trees
34. The diagram to the right represents a tree containing three different
species of warbler, A, B, C. Each species occupies a different niche.
A fourth species, D, which has the same environmental requirements as species B, enters the tree at point X. Members of species B will most likely
a. live in harmony with species D
b. move to a different level and live with species A or species C
c. stay at that level but change their diet
d. compete with species D
tundra
Base your answers to questions 35­37 on the map below which shows the
general location of some major biomes of Earth, and on your knowledge of biology. A different biome is represented by each of the following symbols:
35. Which climax flora would be a major part of the biome indicated by the symbol
a. mosses b. succulent plant
c. grasses
d. lichens
36. Which symbol indicates an area with coniferous trees, long, severe winters, and black bears?
A
C
B
D
37. Which major biome is found throughout most of Virginia?
a. tundra
b. taiga
c. temperature deciduous forest
d. tropical rain forest
taiga deciduous grassland desert ____