Download Alcohol and Drugs

TOBACCO, ALCOHOL AND
DRUGS
HEALTH EDUCATION
TOBACCO
• any of several plants belonging to the genus Nicotiana, of the nightshade
family, especially one of those species, as N. tabacum, whose leaves are
prepared for smoking or chewing or as snuff. the prepared leaves, as used in
cigarettes, cigars, and pipes. any product or products made from such leaves.
TOBACCO
• Cigarettes, Cigars, E Cigs, Hookah, Chewing Tobacco
• Nearly 9 out of 10 cigarette smokers first tried smoking by age 18, and 99%
first tried smoking by age 26. (CDC)
• Flavorings in tobacco products can make them more appealing to youth.
• There is a strong relationship between teen & young adult smoking and
depression, anxiety, and stress.
TOBACCO
• Active Ingredient – Nicotine, a highly addictive stimulant & relaxant. Users
report feelings of relaxation, and alertness.
• Inactive Ingredients
TOBACCO SHORT TERM EFFECTS
• Stinks (Breath, hands, hair)
• Constricts blood vessels, strains the heart, shortness of breath
• Decreases oxygen in the blood
• Second hand smoke
TOBACCO LONG TERM EFFECTS
• Cancer
• Lung
• Mouth
• Esophagus
• COPD, Emphysema, Asthma
• Type 2 diabetes
• Immune System Compromised
QUIT
• Withdrawal Symptoms Fatigue, Irritation, Nervousness, Anxiety, Sadness or
depression, Hunger
ALCOHOL
• Alcohol is created when grains, fruits, or vegetables are fermented or
distilled.
• Fermentation is a process that uses yeast or bacteria to change the sugars in
the food into ethanol.
• A distilled beverage or spirit includes liquor, wine, beer.
ALCOHOL
• Just about everyone knows that the legal drinking age throughout the United States is 21. But
according to the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, almost 80% of high
school students have tried alcohol.
• Excessive drinking is responsible for more than 4,300 deaths among underage youth each
year
• On average, underage drinkers consume more drinks per drinking occasion than adult
drinkers.
• Youth who start drinking before age 15 years are six times more likely to develop alcohol
dependence or abuse later in life than those who begin drinking at or after age 21 years.
ALCOHOL
• Alcohol is a depressant, which means it slows the function of the central
nervous system. Alcohol actually blocks some of the messages trying to get to
the brain. This alters a person's perceptions, emotions, movement, vision, and
hearing.
• In very small amounts, alcohol can help a person feel more relaxed or less
anxious.
• More alcohol causes greater changes in the brain, resulting in intoxication.
People who have overused alcohol may stagger, lose their coordination, and
slur their speech. They will probably be confused and disoriented.
• Intoxication can make someone very friendly and talkative or very aggressive
and angry.
• Reaction times are slowed dramatically — which is why people are told not to
drink and drive.
• People who are intoxicated may think they're moving properly when they're
not.
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School problems, such as higher
absence and poor or failing grades.
•
Social problems, such as fighting and
lack of participation in youth activities.
•
Legal problems, such as arrest for
driving or physically hurting someone
while drunk.
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Physical and sexual assault.
Memory problems.
Death from alcohol poisoning.
•
Physical problems, such as hangovers or
illnesses.
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Unwanted, unplanned, and unprotected
sexual activity.
•
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Disruption of normal growth and sexual
development.
Higher risk for suicide and homicide.
Alcohol-related car crashes and other
unintentional injuries, such as burns, falls,
and drowning.
Abuse of other drugs.
Changes in brain development that may
have life-long effects.
Consequences
ALCOHOL
• Alcohol poisoning is when the body has become poisoned by large amounts of
alcohol. Violent vomiting is usually the first symptom of alcohol poisoning.
Extreme sleepiness, unconsciousness, difficulty breathing, dangerously low
blood sugar, seizures, and even death may result.
DRINKING AND DRIVING
•
If you are stopped by a police officer and are suspected to be under the influence, the law enforcement
officer may request that you to submit to a field sobriety test or portable breath test. If you are
arrested for impaired driving, the officer will advise you of your rights and provide you with an Advice
of Rights form (DR-15) before requesting that you submit to a chemical blood alcohol concentration
(BAC) test.
•
Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is the amount of alcohol present in a 100 milliliter (mL) volume of
blood. For example 80 mg is 0.08 grams, 0.08 grams of alcohol in 100 mLs is written as 0.08%. In
other words, 80 mg% is equal to 0.08% which is equal to 80 mg/dL (deciliter; 100 mLs). This value can
also be described as 0.08 BAC.
•
If you test above the legal limit for alcohol (0.08 BAC), or refuse an officer’s request to submit to a
chemical test for alcohol or drug use, you will be issued an Order of Suspension (form #DR-015A) along
with your traffic citation(s).
•
The police officer will confiscate your Maryland driver's license and may issue you a 45-day temporary
paper license.
MARIJUANA - CANNIBIS
• Also called weed, herb, pot, grass, bud, ganja, Mary Jane,
• a greenish-gray mixture of the dried, shredded leaves and flowers
of Cannabis sativa, the hemp plant.
MARIJUANA - FACTS
• More men use marijuana than women
• Can be addictive, 9 percent, or about 1 in 11, of those who use marijuana will
become addicted
• Marijuana affects skills required for safe driving—alertness, concentration,
coordination, and reaction time. Marijuana makes it hard to judge distances
and react to signals and sounds on the road.
MARIJUANA - INGREDIENTS
• The main psychoactive (mind-altering) chemical in marijuana, is delta-9tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
• The plant also contains more than 500 other chemicals, including more than
100 compounds that are chemically related to THC, called cannabinoids.
MARIJUANA EFFECTS
NEGATIVE
• Paranoia or panic attacks
• Increased heart rate
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Loss of motivation/focus
• Problems with learning & memory
• Blood shot eyes
• Dry mouth
• Altered perception of time
POSITIVE/SIDE EFFECTS
• Euphoria (high)
• Relaxation
• Increases appetite (munchies)
• Heightened sensory perception of
sound, light, color.
MARIJUANNA - CANNABIS
• Research suggests that when regular marijuana use begins in the teen years,
addiction is more likely: 1 in 6 users, compared to 1 in 9 among adults.
• Research suggests that heavy cannabis use that starts in the teen years is
associated with declines in IQ scores in adulthood.
MEDICAL USES OF MARIJUANA
• Cancer (chemotherapy)
• Glaucoma
• Alzheimer's disease
• Appetite loss
• Cancer
• anorexia
• schizophrenia and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Nausea
• Pain
K2, SPICE (SYNTHETIC MARIJUANA)
• a wide variety of herbal mixtures that produce experiences similar to
marijuana.
• Active ingredient - synthetic (or designer) cannabinoid compounds.
• Poison Control Centers report a variety of K2/Spice symptoms, including
rapid heart rate, vomiting, agitation, confusion, paranoia, hallucinations,
raised blood pressure and reduced blood supply to the heart, and, in a few
cases, heart attacks.
OVER THE COUNTER & PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
• Opioids – prescribed by doctors for pain relief.
• hydrocodone (e.g., Vicodin®), oxycodone (e.g., OxyContin®),
morphine, fentanyl, and codeine.
• In the United States, more people now die from opioid
painkiller overdoses than from heroin and cocaine combined.
• Stimulants – prescribed by doctors for attention-deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Methylphenidate (Ritalin®, Concerta®, Focalin®, and
Metadate®) and amphetamines (Adderall®, Dexedrine®)
• Depressants - prescribed to promote sleep or to reduce anxiety
also called sedatives
• Tranquilizers primarily include benzodiazepines such as
Valium® and Xanax®,
• sleep medications such as Ambien® and Lunesta®
OVER THE COUNTER & PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
• Syrup (Purple Drank, Syzzurp, Lean) - soda mixed with
prescription-strength cough syrup containing codeine
(opioid in large quantities) and promethazine
(antihistamine sedative)
• Others – cold medicines containing dextromethorphan (DMX), a
cough suppressant. Products containing DMX can be sold as cough
syrups, gel capsules, and pills (that can look like candies). They are
frequently abused by young people, who refer to the practice as
“robo-tripping” or “skittling.”
• Pseudoephedrine, a decongestant found in many over-thecounter cold medicines, is one ingredient used to produce
methamphetamine.
ANABOLIC STEROIDS
• synthetic form of the male sex hormone testosterone.
• Used in high dosage to increase muscle mass and to improve
athletic performance or physical appearance.
• taken orally, injected into the muscles, applied to the skin as a
cream or gel.
EFFECTS OF ANABOLIC STEROIDS
• Negative impact on mood and behavior
• Depression
• Suicide.
• changes in sex characteristics,
• like shrinking of the testicles in men
• growth of facial hair in women.
• heart disease, liver problems, stroke, infectious diseases, severe acne