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What you should know for the AP European History Exam The following is a list of items that have frequently appeared on past multiple-choice sections of the released AP Exams or are items crucial to know for the AP Exam. This does not mean that every item on this list will appear on the AP Exam or that this is the only stuff that you need to know. Many questions on my quizzes and tests come from past AP Exams. If you don’t remember what something is, look it up in your Notebook or the Textbook before the big day! The Renaissance Medici dynasty Florence – birth of the Italian Renaissance Humanism – what it is, impact on the arts, society and literature Christian Humanism Desidarius Erasums Francesco Petrarch printing press and its significance The Prince by Machiavelli 1492 – expulsion of Jews and Moors in Spain Ferdinand & Isabella Holy Roman Empire – what it was, Habsburg dynasty Columbian Exchange The Reformations (Protestant and Catholic) Martin Luther and Ninety-Five Theses (1517) John Calvin King Henry VIII Anabaptists indulgences justification by faith alone predestination Diet/Edict of Worms Act of Supremacy (1534) Peace of Augsburg (1555) German Peasants’ Revolt (1524-25) Council of Trent (1545-63) The Jesuits/Society of Jesus & Ignatius Loyola changing societal roles of women as a result of the Protestant Reformation The Scientific Revolution Heliocentrism Scientific Method Scientific Induction law of gravity empiricism rationalism Copernicus Galileo Isaac Newton Descartes Causes of the Witch-Hunts, why women, effects Wars of Religion Politique Huguenots Puritans Bourbon dynasty St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572) Henry IV of Navarre Edict of Nantes (1598) Philip II William the Silent, Prince of Orange Elizabeth I Gustavus Adolphus Spanish Armada (1588) Thirty Years’ War – causes, major events, outcome & effects Treaty/Peace of Westphalia (1648) Reasons for the decline of Spain and its empire Absolutism & Constitutionalism, Rise of Nation-States Thomas Hobbes John Locke The Leviathan (1651) Parliamentary Monarchy Absolute Monarchy Charles I Oliver Cromwell English Civil War – causes, major events, outcome & effects Glorious Revolution (1688) Cardinal Richelieu Louis XIV “divine right of kings” – Bossuet Jansenism Mercantilism – Colbert War of the Spanish Succession Treaty/Peace of Utrecht (1713) Golden Age of the Dutch Republic (17th century) – commerce, art, House of Orange, toleration, decline Parlements (France) Estates General Robert Walpole The Pragmatic Sanction (1713) Rise of Prussia Junkers Hohenzollern dynasty Romanov dynasty Modernization & Westernization of Russia Peter the Great Boyars Agricultural & Industrial Revolutions What the Agricultural Revolution was, where it began and spread to, and its effects/impact enclosure movement crop rotation population changes cottage manufacture (or the “putting-out” system) open-field (three field) agricultural system family economy and life in 17th & 18th centuries What the Industrial Revolution was, where it began and spread to, effects/impact and major inventions (spinning jenny, steam engine, iron production) The Enlightenment Philosophes – what they were, what they agreed upon, major ideas (especially religion, politics) Deism The Encyclopedia (1772) Tabula Rasa Voltaire Rousseau Montesquieu Mary Wollstonecraft laissez-faire economic thought and policy Adam Smith and his book, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations Enlightened Absolutism Enlightened Monarchs: Frederick the Great, Joseph II, Catherine the Great The French Revolution Conditions on the eve of the French Revolution Causes and effects of the French Revolution Louis XVI Estates General Third Estate National Assembly Fall of the Bastille Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (1789) Declaration of the Rights of Woman (1791) Women’s March to Versailles (1789) Robespierre Jacobins Sans-Culottes Committee of Public Safety Reign of Terror De-Christianization Age of Napoleon, Romanticism and Nationalism Napoleon Bonaparte Grand Army Continental system Confederation of the Rhine/End of the Holy Roman Empire by Napoleon (1806) scorched-earth policy Battle of Trafalgar (1805) Congress of Vienna (1815) Metternich balance of power Concert of Europe Romanticism – what it was, impact on art, literature & philosophy Greek independence (1830) Nationalism – what it was, why it occurred, impact & effects English Chartists English Factory Act (1833) Zollverein Thomas Malthus Utilitarianism Socialism Anarchists Revolutions of 1848 Karl Marx Communist Manifesto Paris Commune Age of Nation-States, Unifications of Italy & Germany, Nineteenth Century Society Causes, effects and impact of the unifications of Italy & Germany Cavour Pope Pius IX Garibaldi Victor Emmanuel II Otto von Bismarck and German Empire Wilhelm I Napoleon III Alexander II Austro-Prussian War (1866) Franco-Prussian War (1870) Emancipation of Russian Serfdom (1867) Third Republic (France) The Dreyfus Affair Emile Zola women’s suffrage movement germ theory of disease Anti-Semitism Albert Einstein Charles Darwin On the Origin of the Species (1859) natural selection Social Darwinism Friedrich Nietzsche Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis Zionism Imperialism Liberia and Ethiopia – only two African nations not colonized World War I and The Russian Revolution Kulaks Russian Revolution of 1905 Duma V.I. Lenin Nicholas II Marxism-Leninism Bolsheviks Provisional Government (1917) Causes and effects of the Russian Revolution (1917-21) Balkan nationalism and issues on the eve of World War I Alsace-Lorraine Causes and effects of World War I All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque Treaty of Versailles (1919) Surrealism Inter War Era and World War II The Great Depression Cubism and Picasso reparations Weimar Republic Fascism Nazism totalitarianism appeasement Adolph Hitler Benito Mussolini Joseph Stalin Francisco Franco Winston Churchill Spanish Civil War League of Nations Sudetenland Stalin’s First Five Year Plan Great Purges Collectivization of agriculture in the Soviet Union Causes and effects of World War II Tehran and Yalta Conferences The Cold War and Contemporary Europe Causes of the Cold War NATO Berlin Wall Warsaw Pact Existentialism Jean-Paul Sartre Simone deBeavouir Nikita Khrushchev Leonid Brezhnev Mikhail Gorbachev Margaret Thatcher Pope John Paul II Second Vatican Council Prague Spring (1968) EEC Treaty of Maastricht (1991) glasnost perestroika reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union Creation of the European Union (1993)