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Transcript
NFPA ELECTRIC VEHICLE SAFETY FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS Module VI: Course Conclusion Module I - Introduction 6-1 Why is this course important to you as an emergency responder? 6-2 Definitions HEV Hybrid Electric Vehicle A vehicle that has both an internal combustion engine (ICE) and electric motor(s). PHEV Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle A vehicle that has both an ICE and electric motors, and can recharge its batteries from an external electric power source. EV Electric Vehicle A vehicle which uses only electric motor(s) for propulsion. 6-3 Dispelled Myths about P/HEVs and EVs • They are just a fad. • Special equipment is needed for vehicle fires. • Extrications will be greatly hampered by high voltage wiring. • HV batteries will leak a significant amount of electrolyte if damaged or breached. • Electrocution is likely from touching a vehicle that is involved in a crash or submerged. 6-4 Truths about P/HEVs and EVs • Hybrid and Electric Vehicles may move silently on their own power at a scene. • They can be difficult to distinguish from conventional vehicles. • Use of P/HEVs and EVs is increasing exponentially. • P/HEVs and EVs utilize high voltage electricity, and safety precautions must be taken by responders. 6-5 NFPA ELECTRIC VEHICLE SAFETY FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS Module VI: Course Conclusion Module II – Basic Electrical Concepts & Hazards 6-6 Definitions Voltage •Electrical potential. Comparable to water pressure or pounds per square inch (PSI) in a hose. •Measured in Volts Current •Quantity of electrons flowing. Comparable to gallons per minute (GPM) flow of a hose. •Measured in Amperes Resistance •Material’s resistance to conducting current. Comparable to friction loss in a hose line. •Measured in Ohms 6-7 Understanding Electrical Circuits ● With both AC and DC, there must be a completed path, or circuit, for current to flow. ON OFF ● A switch creates a break in the circuit when “OFF”. ● Turning the switch “ON” completes the circuit, allowing current to flow. 6-8 Electrical Circuits in Vehicles ● Both AC and DC circuits can be used. ● All HV circuits are completely isolated from the chassis. ● Unlike a structure, no circuits are grounded to earth. ● Electrocution hazard exists when a body becomes part of a completed circuit. 6-9 NFPA ELECTRIC VEHICLE SAFETY FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS Module VI: Course Conclusion Module III – Vehicle Systems and Safety Features 6-10 Standard Components •12 Volt DC battery •Found in P/HEVs and EVs. •Can be found in various locations. 12 VDC Battery • Internal combustion engine •Found in P/HEVs and extended range electric vehicles. Internal Combustion Engine 6-11 Standard Components High Voltage Battery • Found in P/HEVs and EVs. • NiMH or Lithium Ion. • Multiple low voltage cells wired in series. • Typical locations in Vehicle: • In the cargo area or under the 2nd row seat (SUVs) in P/HEVs, • Under the floor pan in EVs. 6-12 Standard Components •DC/DC Converter • Replaces conventional alternator. • Takes high voltage DC current from battery and steps it down to 12v DC to run vehicle systems. •Inverter/Converter • Found in vehicles with AC motors. • Converts DC current to AC to run motor. 6-13 Standard Components •Electric Cables • Standard 12v DC as in conventional vehicles. • Intermediate voltage (30v-60v) – Blue or Yellow. • High Voltage (60v +) – Orange. •Electric motor • Found in all P/HEVs and EVs. • Not typically visible. •Charging port • Found in all PHEVs and EVs. • Typically on a front fender or in the grill of vehicle. 6-14 Safety Systems Designed to shut down the high voltage systems in the event of: ● Crash Impact ● Airbag Deployment ● Cabling damage ● Short Circuits High voltage circuit isolation from the chassis provides additional protection. 6-15 Charging Stations Level I Level II 120 VAC 8-16 hours 240 VAC 3-8 hours DC Quick Charge 480 VDC 20-30 min. 3-16 NFPA ELECTRIC VEHICLE SAFETY FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS Module VI: Course Conclusion Module IV – Initial Response: Identify, Immobilize & Disable 6-17 Initial Procedures ● Identify Scene Size Up. Immobilize ● Utilize appropriate PPE for operations. Disable 6-18 Identify Four methods: Formal Identification Informal Identification Telematics Emergency Field Guides 6-19 Identify Formal Identification includes badges and labels. May be located anywhere. Most common locations are Front fenders Doors Rear of vehicle Dashboard Engine No standardization 6-20 Identify Informal Identification includes distinctive HEV/PHEV/EV components and warnings READY Battery vents Instrument panel items Warning labels High voltage cables 6-21 Identify Telematics: electronic systems which transmit information from vehicle to responders. NFPA Emergency Field Guide 6-22 Immobilize ● Chock the wheels. ● Place vehicle in park. ● Engage the emergency brake. 6-23 Disable Primary Method ● Shut Off Vehicle Ignition ● Disconnect 12 VDC Battery 6-24 Disable Secondary Method (For some models) ● Disconnect 12 VDC Battery. ● Pull the high voltage system control fuse. 6-25 High Voltage System Drain-Down ● Some models have capacitors that can retain HV energy for up to 10 minutes. ● After system is shut down, the high voltage battery still retains its charge. ● Always assume the system is still energized. 6-26 High Voltage Batteries Service Disconnects ● Recommendations for use and required safety equipment vary by manufacturer. Consult appropriate ERG before using service disconnect. ● Located on the battery. ● Cuts off the battery from the high voltage system. 6-27 NFPA ELECTRIC VEHICLE SAFETY FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS Module VI: Course Conclusion Module V – Emergency Operations 6-28 Extrication ● High voltage components and cabling are usually not in typical “cut points.” ● Before conducting extrication operations, determine location of: ● Occupant Protection Systems ● High Voltage Components 6-29 Battery Breach ● Unlikely due to location and protective cases. ● Batteries are dry cell. Only a small amount of electrolyte would leak if crushed. ● Some models will leak liquid coolant. ● There is high voltage electrical shock hazard if a battery is breached. ● Follow local medical protocols in the event of exposure to electrolyte. 6-30 Submersion ● HV system is isolated from the chassis. ● Electrical systems designed to NOT energize water. ● Damaged high voltage components could present a contact hazard. 6-31 Vehicle Fires ● Use NFPA compliant firefighting PPE and respiratory protection. ● Utilize standard equipment for extinguishing any vehicle fire. ● Electrical system design doesn’t support current flow through hose stream. 6-32 Vehicle Fires ● Do NOT use equipment to pierce hood, due to HV components and cabling near surface. ● Follow normal emergency shutdown procedures. 6-33 Incidents Involving Charging Stations Fires ● Treat as a standard energized electrical fire. ● Shut down power to charging station. ● Perform extinguishment operations. 6-34 National Fire Protection Association End of Course Electric Vehicle Safety for Emergency Responders Copyright ©2011 National Fire Protection Association. Single copies may be made for specific non-profit educational uses with permission. No commercial or mass distribution allowed. 6-35