Download Alabama at War: Conflict between the North and South Chapter 5

Alabama at War:
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Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
PAGE 147
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When the Confederacy began to form a
government, they designed a currency (form of
money) and began building an army and navy.
Because there were no factories in the south
that made weapons, they had to begin building
them.
Many men went off to war. Alabamians were
confident that the war wouldn’t last long…but
they were wrong!
Neither side really wanted war or to fire the 1st
shot, but when southerners demanded a
surrender from the northerners at Fort Sumter
and they refused, Confederate troops fired. On
April 13, 1861, the South fired upon the
American flag and the Civil War began.
People even disagreed on what to call the war:
-War of Northern Aggression (South)
-Mr. Lincoln’s War (South)
-War of the Rebellion (North)
-War for the Union (North)
-War Between the States
-The Civil War (Historians gave this name even
though there was nothing “Civil” about it).
Alabama at War:
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
PAGES 147-148
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North’s Advantages
double the amount of people
more industry and manufacturing
more railroads
had ships and a navy that could
blockade southern ports
could raise a large army
was well established
had banks with gold reserves
grew more food (South mainly grew
cotton and tobacco)
the South had many slave soldiers
which may revolt and fight against
the South
some Unionists (people supporting
the Union) lived in the South
Alabama at War:
South’s Advantages
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
PAGE 148
• most battles were fought on
southern land, so southerners
were fighting for their homes and
on familiar land
• southern boys often attended
military schools
Alabama at War:
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
PAGES 149-150
Alabama in the War
• Alabama played a very important role in
the Confederate war effort. Alabama
sent approximately 90,000 men and
boys to serve in the Confederate armies.
• Many Alabamians (including women)
became heroes:
1. Emma Sansom-showed Confederate
general Nathan Bedford Forrest where to
cross Black Creek to catch federal
raiders.
2. Juliet Opie Hopkins- left her home in
Mobile to go to the Virginia front and
establish hospitals to nurse wounded
men.
3. Kate Cummings-went to the Shiloh
battlefield in Mississippi as a nurse.
Alabama at War:
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
PAGE 151
• Alabama regiments did win
a few battles, but many
soldiers met death on the
battlefields throughout the
war.
• The greatest number of lives
were lost during the war
because of disease. Many
men were wounded, hungry,
and caught diseases such as
typhoid, dysentery, and
gangrene.
Alabama at War:
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
PAGES 151-152
• Selma became a major
munitions center for the
Confederacy. They produced
cannons, small arms, and
gunpowder.
• Mobile was important because
its port allowed supplies to be
imported with the help of
blockade runners (daring men
that used fast ships to slip
around the northern ships and
bring in guns, medicines, and
other needed supplies).
Eventually, the north was able to
stop the runners and also
prevent cotton from being
shipped to England.
Alabama at War:
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
PAGE 152
• During war, life was very hard for
everyone. Things that were imported
from other placed were greatly missed
(sewing needles, salt, coffee, sugar,
shoes, and cloth).
• Women had to learn to make hats from
leaves, reuse old clothing, spin and
weave clothing, dye fabrics with plants,
make black shoe polish, knit socks and
sweaters, and knit blankets for soldiers.
Eventually, the Confederate could no
longer give uniforms to its soldiers.
• When men left to fight in the war,
women and children were left alone.
Planters who owned a large amount of
land did not have to leave their
plantation to fight in the war so that the
slaves wouldn’t rebel and leave the
plantation.
• A rich man could pay a man to go and
serve in the army in his place.
Alabama at War:
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
PAGE 153
• In 1862, the Confederate
government began to force men
into the army (a draft). By 1863, the
war was not as popular as it had
been in 1861. Food supplies were
running out and life was difficult.
• President Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation on
January 1, 1863. This freed all slaves.
This may have weakened the South’s
war effort.
• Blacks fought in the Civil War on both
sides. Free blacks and runaway
slaves joined the Union army and
navy. In the South, some slaves went
to fight as servants for their masters.
Some former slaves gave aid to
northern troops when they invaded
Alabama.
Alabama at War:
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
PAGE 154
FROM THE HOMEFRONT
• Women who had slaves to work
on their farms had food to eat,
but many other women and
children had a difficult time
raising enough food.
• The men in the army were
constantly worrying about their
families back home. They wrote
letters telling their wives to
depend on their trusted slaves,
raise all the food they could, and
not to spend any money.
• If there were no slaves at home,
many men would send their wives
and children to live with parents
or other family members.
Alabama at War:
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
PAGE 155
• As the war continued into its 3rd
year, many people were starving
in Alabama. Store supplies were
sold out, gold coins and federal
money had disappeared,
confederate money wasn’t worth
very much, so people had to
barter (trade) to get what they
needed.
• Alabama countryside was unsafe.
Confederate deserters rode the
roads in gangs, Confederate
troops would demand supplies,
Federal troops invaded on a few
occasions, and Union raiders
would cut railroad lines, destroy
iron furnaces, and disrupt society.
Alabama at War:
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
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PAGE 157
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The Battle of Mobile Bay
August 1864, Admiral David G.
Farragut(U.S. navy) guided his flagship,
the Hartford, and 18 other ships between
the guns of Fort Gaines and Fort Morgan
and into Mobile Bay.
Inside Mobile Bay, his men met the
Confederate forces led by Admiral
Franklin Buchannan in command of the
Tennessee.
The Hartford(Union ship) was wooden
and the Tennessee (Confederate ship)
was an ironclad ship that was designed
to withstand cannon fire. The
Confederate (South) forces were
outnumbered but fought until the
Tennessee’s smokestack and steering
gear were destroyed.
The North now controlled Mobile Bay,
but they didn’t have enough troops to
capture the city of Mobile until the
following Spring.
Alabama at War:
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
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PAGES 159-160
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Wilson’s Raid
March 1865, General James H. Wilson (Union)
led 3 Calvary divisions, 15,000 troops, in one last
raid into Alabama.
He crossed the Tennessee River and moved
south to Jasper, then went to Elyton(Jefferson
County county seat), sent another group to
Tuscaloosa to burn the University of Alabama
and furnaces, rode south through Montevallo,
and then headed to Selma to destroy the
naval arsenal and Confederate manufacturing
there.
Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest
was in charge of defending Selma against
Wilson and his men. General Forrest had about
3,000 poorly armed and untrained men to
defend the city.
Wilson’s troops (Union) had new repeating rifles
that could be fired 7 times before reloading.
The Confederate troops had single shot rifles
that had to be reloaded each time they were
fired.
What do you think happened in Selma?
Alabama at War:
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
PAGE 160
Wilson’s Raid
• Forrest and his men were not able to
hold off the Union forces. Selma was
captured by Wilson! As Wilson moved
toward Montgomery, he learned that
Richmond had also been captured
and the leading Confederate general,
Robert E. Lee, had surrendered to U.S.
general Ulysses S. Grant.
• The surrender was signed at
Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia on
April 9, 1865.
• The war was almost over…but there
was 1 battle left.
Alabama at War:
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
PAGE 162
The Battle of Blakeley:
The Last Major Battle of the War
• April 9, 1865, 13,000 Union troops
under General Frederick Steele
marched the heavily fortified fort
on the Tensaw River near Mobile,
Fort Blakeley. Along with Spanish
Fort, Blakeley was one of the
reasons the Union forces had not
been able to take over Mobile.
Once these forts were taken over,
Union troops moved into Mobile.
• The Mobile garrison surrendered
on May5, 1865.
• The war was over, but for
Alabama the next few years
would be very difficult.
Alabama at War:
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
Lesson Review Questions
(page 163)
1. Who fired the 1st shot in the Civil
War?
2. What advantages did the North
have when the Civil War began?
3. What were some of the items
southerners had to do without
during the Civil War?
4. How did the war affect the lives
of southern women and children?
Alabama at War:
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
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ANSWERS
The South fired the 1st shot in the Civil
War on Fort Sumter.
Some of the North’s advantages
when the Civil War began were
more soldiers, more manufacturing
and industry, more railroads, an army
and navy, more gold reserves, and
more food supplies.
Some of the items southerners had to
do without during the Civil War were
coffee, sugar, salt, sewing needles,
new shoes, and cloth.
The war affected the lives of
southern women and children by
leaving them alone on plantations
and farms in Alabama.