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Atoms –
the Nucleus
Atom - review
• smallest part of element (pure substance) that has
all the same properties of that element
– For example, if you take a lump of coal (the
element carbon)
– break it into smaller and smaller pieces, the
smallest piece that still acts like coal is one
atom of carbon.
Parts of an Atom Review
• 2 main parts
– nucleus
– electron cloud
• Empty Space!
Electron
Cloud
Nucleus
• Nucleus is the core of the atom
• Contains 2 subatomic particles:
– Protons
– Neutrons
+ Protons +
Sub-atomic particle
• Charge = + (positive)
• Mass = 1 amu
*atomic mass unit
• Location = nucleus
• Every atom of the same element has the same number
of protons
• example:
– All carbon atoms have 6 protons
– All Hydrogen atoms have 1 proton
How do we know how many protons there are in a
single atom of an element?
• Use your periodic table!
• The atomic number tells you how many
protons there are!
A
How many protons are in 1 atom of:
• Oxygen?
• Nickel?
• Hydrogen?
Which element has…
•2 protons in it’s nucleus?
•11 protons in it’s nucleus?
•5 protons in it’s nucleus?
Pair Share…
• Do any two elements have the same
number of protons? Why/why not?
= Neutrons =
Sub-atomic particle
• Charge = 0 (neutral)
• mass = 1 amu
- atomic mass unit
• Location = nucleus
How do we know how many neutrons there are in
a single atom of an element?
• Use your periodic table!
First:
With your partner determine the number of
protons (atomic#) = _____
SECOND…
Look at the atomic mass of your element
and round it to the nearest whole number
= _____
(This number shows you how many TOTAL subatomic particles
should be in the nucleus of your atom. )
And last…
Protons (atomic#) + Neutrons = The atomic mass of an
atom – all calculable mass is contained in the nucleus!
OR
The atomic mass (rounded)– protons (atomic#) = the
number of neutrons!
How many neutrons does
your element have?
Raise your hand when you
are ready for me to
check your work!
A
Journal Questions – Write in
complete sentences
1. Which 2 subatomic particles are found in the
nucleus and what are their electrical charges?
2. Using an element key, how can you determine
the number of protons an element has?
3. Using an element key, how can you determine
the number of neutrons an element has?
4. What is special about the number of protons an
atom has?
5. Where is all of the mass found in an atom?