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Transcript
The Age of Pericles The Athenian Empire Main Idea: Under Pericles, Athens becomes very powerful and more democratic After the Persian War, Athens is the “top dog” of Greece. With its powerful navy, Athens could provide protection to other smaller city-states (for a price $$) Athens joined other city-states (except Sparta) in the Delian League in order to keep Greece safe from any further Persian attack. (Sparta did not want any help for the Athenians) Originally its headquarters were on the island of Delos Eventually the purpose of the Delian league changed into an Athenian Empire (Delian League) Types of Democracies Direct Democracy: all citizens decide laws and policies at mass meetings Worked in Athens due to it’s smaller size Assembly = passed all laws, elected officials and made decisions on war and foreign affairs Ten Generals = carried out the assembly’s laws and policies Voting clays Representative Democracy: citizens choose a smaller group to make polices for them makes sense with a large population what the U.S.A. has U.S. Senate Pericles Athenian general who guided Athens for more than 30 years Helped Athens control the Delian League = treated other city-states like subjects, demanded strict loyalty and steady payments insisting they use Athenian coins and unit of measure. Made Athens more democratic = allowed citizens, even the poor, to be a part of the government’s inner circle Pericles cont. Began a major construction program = new statues, temples, etc. were built to replace those destroyed in war. Most wellknown building is the Parthenon – took 15 years and 20,000 tons of marble Culture blossomed = creativity and learning (supported artist, architects, writers and philosophers Philosopher – people who study questions about life and search for the truth. This age of great creativity and learning = Age of Pericles or the Golden Age Building the Parthenon Daily Life in Athens Main Idea: Athenian men and women had very different roles Number of slaves in Athens almost equaled the number of citizens (100,000 slaves to 150,000 citizens) Trade drove the Athenian economy (unlike Sparta where the military drove the economy) Athenians were farmers, but many did not have enough farmland to support the family Athenian MEN = worked in the morning, exercised or went to meeting in the afternoon, and upper-class had all-male parties (social parties symposiums) in the evening Athenian WOMEN = lives centered at the home and did all household chores while taking care of the children. Left home only on rare occasions and even then a male relative must accompany them Hestia - Every day, when the ancient Greek women gathered in the central courtyard of their homes, to do their sewing and cooking, they knew that Hestia was keeping watch over them. The Peloponnesian War Main Idea: Sparta and Athens went to war for control of Greece City-states start to grow suspicious of Athens becoming rich (using money from the Delian League to benefit Athens) They also attempted to force the other city-states to adopt and use Athens money. Led to Sparta, city-states joined forces AGAINST Athens (the Peloponnesian League) 431-404 B.C. – Peloponnesian War (called this because Sparta is in the area of Greece called Peloponnesian peninsula). Pericles’ Funeral Oration – speech to the Athenians during the funeral to honor those lost during the war. Reminded Athenians of the power of the democracy, that they belonged to a community and accepted certain duties and enjoyed certain rights. His words gave the Athenians courage to keep fighting and his ideas still hold true in democratic nations today. Athens loses the Peloponnesian War!! How did they lose? Disease spreads through Athens, killing 1/3 of the people (including Pericles) = Athens was overcrowded due to everyone staying inside the city walls for safety against Sparta’s fierce army Sparta made a deal with the Persian Empire = in exchange for $$, they gave Persia some Greek territory in Asia Minor. With the $$, Sparta built a navy. 404 B.C. – Sparta’s navy destroyed Athenians fleet = tore down Athens’ city walls and broke up the Athenian empire. War was over!! Peloponnesian War hurts ALL city-states Many people die fighting, farms were destroyed, people lost jobs and it impossible for the Greeks to work together again! Greek city-states continue to fight among themselves Don’t notice a much bigger threat coming from the north in the Kingdom of Macedonia, which will cost the Greeks their freedom. CLICK HERE