Download The Periodic Table of the Elements

The Periodic Table
of Elements
The Periodic Table
of Elements
The Periodic Table of the Elements
We know that all “matter” is made up of
very, very, very tiny spheres called atoms.
Each square in this table represents a different kind of atom.
There are over 114 different kinds of atoms (92 natural).
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Table organization is based on each atom’s
makeup and the similarities of the properties of
the various kinds of atoms.
The Periodic Table of the Elements
The Periodic Table of the Elements
The Periodic Table of the Elements
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Table is usually displayed this way.
(it takes up less space)
We won’t discuss any of
these elements in
Physiological
Chemistry
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Every kind of atom has a name and a “symbol.”
The Periodic Table of the Elements
All modern symbols are based on letter abbreviations
Hydrogen (H) Every symbol starts
Oxygen (O)
with a capital letter.
Iodine (I)
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Some symbols have two letters.
Scandium (Sc) First letter is capital
Bismuth (Bi) and second is lower case.
Neon (Ne)
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Some symbols come from foreign languages.
Tungsten (W) -- ‘W’ is from wolfram (German)
Sodium (Na) -- ‘Na’ is from natrium (Latin)
Antimony (Sb) -- ‘Sb’ is from Stibium (Latin)
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Some types of atoms are very common in air!
nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, argon, neon, helium
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Some types of atoms are very common in dirt and rocks!
oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Some types of atoms are very common in stars!
hydrogen, helium, carbon, oxygen, neon, magnesium
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Some types of atoms are very common in human bodies!
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus
The Periodic Table of the Elements
18 columns
(Columns are called groups)
1 2 3 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 17 18
The Periodic Table of the Elements
This is group 13.
The Periodic Table of the Elements
7 rows
(Rows are called periods)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
The Periodic Table of the Elements
This is period 4.
The Periodic Table of the Elements
alkali metals
(Group 1)
The Periodic Table of the Elements
alkali metals
(Group 1)
The Periodic Table of the Elements
alkaline earth metals
(Group 2)
The Periodic Table of the Elements
alkaline earth metals
(Group 2)
The Periodic Table of the Elements
halogens
(Group 17)
The Periodic Table of the Elements
halogens
(Group 17)
The Periodic Table of the Elements
halogens
(Group 17)
The Periodic Table of the Elements
noble gases or “inert” gases
(Group 18)
All of the atoms in a group
have similar properties.
The Periodic Table of the Elements
noble gases or “inert” gases
(Group 18)
All of the atoms in a group
have similar properties.
Consider these three halogens:
http://www.an.psu.edu/rxg1/pt1999/halogens.html
Consider these three halogens:
•All smell like a swimming pool.
•All produce colored vapors.
•All are poisonous.
•All react rapidly with sodium
to give edible salts.
Groups in the periodic table
are comprised of elements
with similar properties.
http://www.an.psu.edu/rxg1/pt1999/halogens.html
Consider these three alkali metals:
Lithium (Li)
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Consider these three alkali metals:
•All are shiny, soft solids when pure.
•All melt at very low temperatures.
Lithium mp = 181oC
Sodium mp = 98oC
Potassium mp = 63oC
Consider these three alkali metals:
•All react violently with water.
http://www.westga.edu/~chem/courses/desc.inorg/490Jan14/sld009.htm
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Metals
Non-metals
Metalloids or semimetals
Hydrogen is
an odd-ball!
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Metals are . . .
•Lustrous
•Malleable
•Lower Left of
periodic table
•Ductile
•Conductors of electricity
•Prone to losing electrons
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Nonmetals are . .
. •Not lustrous
•Not malleable
•Often prone to
gaining electrons
•Not ductile
•Not conductors of
electricity
•Upper Right of table